NVIDIA DRIVE December 2019 DRIVE PLATFORM Mass production

INDUSTRY / MARKET SAFETY

TECHNOLOGY REGULATIONS

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 2 THE DRIVE INITIATIVE End-to-End, Open Platform for Building Autonomous Vehicles

DGX Saturn V Constellation Xavier

DRIVE AV DRIVE IX Re-SIM

The ™ Platform provides all major AI technologies for Driving, Development and Validation - from driving & cockpit computers & software to data collection & DNN training, to simulation tools. The system is an open platform with multiple programming points. Car makers are free to use or develop as much as they like and take advantage of an ecosystem of hundreds of partners.

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 3 NVIDIA DRIVE END-TO-END PLATFORM

COLLECT DATA TRAIN MODELS SIMULATE DRIVE

Cars Pedestrians Path Cars Pedestrians Path

Lanes Signs Lights Lanes Signs Lights

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 4 DRIVE COMPUTER / ARCHITECTURE SCALABLE NOW & INTO THE FUTURE NCAP TO ROBOTAXI

5 DRIVE ROADMAP

ORIN

DRIVE Parker DRIVE PX2 DRIVE Xavier DRIVE Pegasus DRIVE Orin-X

1x Perf 20x Perf 23x Perf ~230x Perf >100x Perf 1x Efficiency 1x Efficiency 8x Efficiency 5x Efficiency ~20x Efficiency Samples – Q4’2015 Samples – Q2’2016 Samples – Q1’2018 Samples – Q3’2018 Samples – Mid 2021 Production – Q1’2017 Production – Q3’2016 Production – Q1’2019 Production – Q3’2019 Production - Q3’2022

Auto-Grade

Super Energy-Efficient 6 ORIN – HIGHEST PERF SOC EVER What is driving the need for increasing performance in AV?

Sensor Complexity - 20+ DNN Models New DNN Models- DNN GOPs/Frame More higher required for most CNN, RCNN, RNN increasing resolution demanding ODD cameras

Integration of Future Proof OTA new features DNN Precision / functions EUNCAP / SW Patch Accuracy Centralized With 360° Computer Perception

More perf equates to faster time to market

7 NVIDIA DRIVE One Architecture

XAVIER (NCAP, L2+/L3) PEGASUS (L4/RoboTaxis) ORIN

ORIN

One AV Architecture for L2 -> Robo Taxi

NVIDIA DRIVE AGX platform is an open platform; allows partners to do their own innovation

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 8 DRIVE ARCHITECTURE AUTOMOTIVE GRADE – INDUSTRIALIZED ECU’S

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 9 NVIDIA DRIVE SENSOR ECOSYSTEM

10 SENSOR ECOSYSTEM

IMAGING SENSOR / CAMERA LIDAR

AR0820, AR0144, AR0231, IMX390, IMX490, IMX424

RADAR GNSS/IMU

ARS430

SC13S, MTi-G-710, SPAN-IGM A1

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. https://developer.nvidia.com/drive/drive-core-sensors 11 NVIDIA DRIVE DRIVE SOFTWARE

12 NVIDIA DRIVE SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE Open and modular software for AV development

DRIVE AV DRIVE IX

DRIVE Planning

DRIVE Mapping Visualization AI CoPilot AI Assistant

DRIVE Perception

DRIVEWORKS

DRIVE Networks DRIVE Calibration

DRIVE Core

DRIVE OS

DRIVE AGX DEVELOPER KITS DRIVE HYPERION (Xavier/Pegasus) (Reference Architecture)

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 13 NVIDIA DRIVE DRIVE OS

14 DRIVE AGX AV Software Platform

OEM/T1 Application 1

DriveWorks

DRIVE OS OS Drivers, USB, cuDNN TensorRT

Diagnostics File System, Network

Security Services Security

L1 Safety Services Safety L1

L3 L3 Safety Services L2 Safety Services

Data Data Distribution (DDS)

ES ES 3.2

Foundation Services Foundation

Power Power Management

EGL EGL 1.5

Open GL GL Open NvStreams

Linux Linux BSP NvMedia CUDA Communication Services Communication

Software Hypervisor

Hardware MCU Xavier

CAN & RS GMSL 10G/1G/BR Ethernet PMIC NVLINK PCIe NOR eMMC UFS NVME I/O Flexray 232 (via CSI-2)

Radar Lidar GPS IMU Scalability; Cameras TU104 +Xavier, NvME, or Optional Processor Hardware NVIDIA Software OS/3rd Party Software Notes: 1) For development only. NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 15 Optional Services DRIVE AGX

AV Software Platform

1 1

1 DRIVE AV

DRIVE OS

1

OS Drivers, USB , 1 1 1 cuDNN TensorRT

Diagnostics File System, Network

Security Services Security

L1 Safety Services Safety L1

L3 L3 Safety Services L2 Safety Services

Data Data Distribution (DDS)

ES ES 3.2

Foundation Services Foundation

Power Power Management

EGL EGL 1.5

NvStreams Open GL Open

QNX BSP NvMedia CUDA Communication Services Communication

Software Hypervisor

Hardware MCU Xavier

CAN & RS GMSL 10G/1G/BR Ethernet PMIC NVLINK PCIe NOR eMMC UFS NVME I/O Flexray 232 (via CSI-2)

Scalability Radar Lidar GPS IMU Scalability; Cameras w/dGPU +Xavier, NvME, or Optional Processor Hardware NVIDIA Software OS/3rd Party Software NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. Notes: 1) Not for use in production in a safety context. 16 Optional Services NVIDIA DRIVE AUTONOMOUS DRIVING APPLICATION

17 NVIDIA DRIVEWORKS SDK Data Abstraction | Calibration | Compute Modules

DRIVE AV DRIVE IX DRIVEWORKS

DRIVE Networks DRIVE Calibration Calibration DriveNet ClearSightNet OpenRoadNet Tools Self- PathNet MapNet LaneNet Calibration

WaitNet LightNet SignNet Egomotion

DRIVE Core Sensor Abstraction Image Processing DNN Frameworks Layer + Plugins

Vehicle IO Point Cloud Processing Tools (Recorder)

DRIVE OS DRIVE AGX DEVELOPER KITS DRIVE HYPERION NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 18 NVIDIA DRIVEWORKS SDK Foundation for AV SW Development on NVIDIA DRIVE

SOFTWARE MODULES TOOLS

- Open, modularized library of functions - Software dev tools ranging from sensor - Optimized for DRIVE AGX data capture to calibration and - Easy to integrate and build upon visualization

DEVELOPER SUPPORT PRODUCTION GRADE

- Sample apps - Architected for automotive safety - Documentation, tutorials - Compliant with industry standards, (ISO - Active developer forum and community 26262/21448, MISRA)

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 19 DRIVE AV

Actuation

Behavior Planner Control Cloud Mapping Search Based Planning AI Based Prediction Learned Planning Lane Route Planner Safety Force Field Safety Checks LSA Image Planner HD Map Local World Model World Model Localization

Map Perception Obstacle Perception Path Perception Wait Perception RoadRunner Frame Packaging and Map Creation DriveNet PilotNet Serialization and updates DriveNet OpenRoadNet LaneNet WaitNet SubModule Motion/Structure PathNet MapNet

DNNs

Egomotion Estimation Drive AV Low Level Processing DriveWorks Self-Calibration

MapWorks Sensor Abstraction

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 20 SCALABLE PLATFORM One architecture – Highway and Urban AV Driving

ON RAMP TO OFF RAMP URBAN: ADDRESS TO ADDRESS

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 21 ADVANCED FUNCTIONS Auto High Beam Clear Sight

Parking NCAP

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 22 DRIVE AV

Actuation

Behavior Planner Control Cloud Mapping Search Based Planning AI Based Prediction Learned Planning Lane Route Planner Safety Force Field Safety Checks LSA Image Planner HD Map Local World Model World Model Localization

Map Perception Obstacle Perception Path Perception Wait Perception RoadRunner Frame Packaging and Map Creation DriveNet PilotNet Serialization and updates DriveNet OpenRoadNet LaneNet WaitNet SubModule Motion/Structure PathNet MapNet

DNNs

Egomotion Estimation Drive AV Low Level Processing DriveWorks Self-Calibration

MapWorks Sensor Abstraction

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 23 SENSOR SELF-CALIBRATION

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 24 EGOMOTION

IMU/Odometry Ego-motion Radar Ego-motion

Camera Ego-motion (SLAM) LIDAR Ego-motion

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 25 DRIVE AV

Actuation

Behavior Planner Control Cloud Mapping Search Based Planning AI Based Prediction Learned Planning Lane Route Planner Safety Force Field Safety Checks LSA Image Planner HD Map Local World Model World Model Localization

Map Perception Obstacle Perception Path Perception Wait Perception RoadRunner Frame Packaging and Map Creation DriveNet PilotNet Serialization and updates DriveNet OpenRoadNet LaneNet WaitNet SubModule Motion/Structure PathNet MapNet

DNNs

Egomotion Estimation Drive AV Low Level Processing DriveWorks Self-Calibration

MapWorks Sensor Abstraction

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 26 CAMERA OBSTACLE PERCEPTION

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 27 OBJECT DETECTION SURROUND OBJECT TRACKING DNN DISTANCE

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 31 FUTURE MOTION PREDICTION (RNN) VELOCITY ESTIMATION

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 33 VELOCITY ESTIMATION

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 34 LIDAR – OBSTACLE PERCEPTION

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 35 LIDAR – OBSTACLE PERCEPTION

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 36 LIDAR FREESPACE

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 37 LIDAR MOTION DETECTION

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 38 RADAR TRACKING

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 39 PATH REPRESENTATION (THE LANE GRAPH)

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 40 LANENET + TRACKING + FUSION

Tracking and Fusion Lane Assignment (OIPA)

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 41 PATHNET

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 42 FACTORED PILOTNET TURNS

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 43 PATH PERCEPTION ENSEMBLE WAIT CONDITIONS

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 45 INTERSECTION DETECTION

46 SIGN AND TRAFFIC LIGHT CLASSIFICATION

47 CAMERA BLINDNESS DETECTION PARKING SPACE DETECTION LIGHT SOURCE PERCEPTION Detects objects including vehicles, pedestrians, DriveNet DRIVE NETWORKS bicycles, traffic lights & signs Fully trained DNN solutions for DepthNet Dense depth inference at pixel level advanced situational awareness Obstacle Perception OpenRoadNet Detects drivable freespace around the vehicle

PredictionNet RNN to predict dynamic objects

LidarNet Lidar point cloud classification

LaneNet Detects and classifies lanes

MapNet Detects visual landmarks such as lanes & crosswalks Path Perception PilotNet Learn trajectories from human driver

PathNet Predicts full geometry of drivable paths

Classifies traffic signs detected by DriveNet, for US and SignNet EU Wait Condition Classifies traffic lights (color, solid, and arrows) LightNet Perception detected by DriveNet

WaitNet Detects intersections

ClearSightNet Determines if the camera view is blocked Assistance Functions AhbNet Auto high beam detection NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 51 NVIDIA DRIVE MAPPING Drive, Update and Create HD Maps

Map Localization Map Update Map Creation Using DRIVE Localization API Using DRIVE MapStream API Using DRIVE MapStream/MapServices API

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 52 LOCALIZATION STEPS HERE example

Detect Project Match Drive MapNet HERE HD Live Map DLA and CUDA DRIVE Software

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 53 CAMERA LOCALIZATION

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 54

LIDAR/RADAR MAPPING+LOCALIZATION

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 56 MAP UPDATE STEPS TomTom example on I-85 in CA

TODO from TomTom

Detect Create MapStreams Convert Update Map MapNet Map update primitives MapStreams to Roadgrams HD map in the Cloud

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 57 MAPSTREAM CREATION IN THE CAR

Pole Trajectory Dashed Road boundary

Solid Traffic sign

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 58 VISUALIZING A CREATED MAPSTREAM

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 59

Route Planner PLANNING Lane Planner

Route Planner

Advanced Behavior Planner Lane Planner

Behavior Planner

Search Based Learned Prediction Planning Planning Basic Behavior Planner Latest Safe Safety Force Safety Arrival (LSA) Field Checks Image NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 61 SAFETY FORCE FIELD High-Level Architecture

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 62 SAFETY FORCE FIELD

Our vehicle is always perceiving other actors and obstacles.

The Safety Force Field is a computational module that monitors for overlap between our safety procedure and that of other actors.

The Safety Force Field provides a repelling constraint that prevents us from contributing to a collision.

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 63 SAFETY FORCE FIELD

Longitudinal

Lateral

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 64 NVIDIA DRIVE DRIVE EXPERIENCE

65 DRIVE IX – CONNECT TO SELF DRIVING Using AR and VR

Confidence View Perception view

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 66 EXAMPLE USE CASES

User Ext Face ID / Trunk opening / Driver/ Passenger Int face ID/ Car start Greeting/ Settings Auto adjust mirrors/seats Emotion detect Health/Wellness detect

PA: Personal Assistant / NLU PA: AV Driving modes Hand Gestures detection Distraction detect Drowsiness detect

Child /Pet detect Side traffic detect Front cross traffic detect Safe back-up Respond to sign commands

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. Convenience Cockpit MMI Guardian Angel 67 DRIVE IX AI Toolkit for Intelligent Experience

AI Assistant AI CoPilot AR Viz

IX Server API Manager AV Perceptions Remote Rendering Engine Inference Hub IX (Rich Graphics, Video, Audio) IX Cabin Sensors Surround Sensor Camera Sensor Hub Hub Plugin Manager

IX Core Capabilities IX Speech Engine Partner plugins

Driver Surround Surround Remote Monitoring Monitoring View Experience ASR NLU TTS Face ID Emotions Partner Technology Head Pose, Gaze, Stitching, Pixel Distraction, Risk Assessment Level Drowsiness Segmentation OTA NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 68 NVIDIA DRIVE DRIVE SIM

69 DRIVE CONSTELLATION Virtual Reality AV Simulator

Hardware in the-Loop System Level Simulator Simulate Rare and Difficult Conditions Scalable Platform | Data Center Solution Timing Accurate and Bit Accurate Scenario Based Coverage

70 DRIVE CONSTELLATION ARCHITECTURE

Environment Traffic Vehicle Sensor Scenario Model Model Model Model Model

DRIVE Sim API DRIVE AV DRIVE IX Perception Mapping Planning

DRIVE Sim DRIVE CORE | DRIVE NETWORKS

DRIVE Constellation OS DRIVE OS

DRIVE Constellation Simulator DRIVE Constellation Vehicle

71 CONSTELLATION DATA CENTER WORKFLOW – CONT.

72 DRIVE PLATFORM Mass production

INDUSTRY / MARKET SAFETY

TECHNOLOGY REGULATIONS

NVIDIA CONFIDENTIAL. DO NOT DISTRIBUTE. 73