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Infections with Centrocestus Armatus Metacercariae in Fishes from Water Systems of Major Rivers in Republic of Korea

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Infections with Centrocestus Armatus Metacercariae in Fishes from Water Systems of Major Rivers in Republic of Korea ISSN (Print) 0023-4001 ISSN (Online) 1738-0006 Korean J Parasitol Vol. 56, No. 4: 341-349, August 2018 ▣ ORIGINAL ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2018.56.4.341 Infections with Centrocestus armatus Metacercariae in Fishes from Water Systems of Major Rivers in Republic of Korea 1, 1 2 2 3 4 Woon-Mok Sohn *, Byoung-Kuk Na , Shin-Hyeong Cho , Jung-Won Ju , Cheon-Hyeon Kim , Ki-Bok Yoon , Jai-Dong Kim5, Dong Cheol Son6, Soon-Won Lee7 1Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; 2Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, Korea; 3Division of Microorganism, Jeollabuk-do Institute of Health and Environment, Imsil 55928, Korea; 4Division of Microbiology, Jeollanam-do Institute of Health and Environment, Muan 58568, Korea; 5Infectious Disease Examination Section, Chungcheongnam-do Institute of Health and Environment, Hongseong 32254, Korea; 6Infectious Disease Research Section, Gyeongsangbuk-do Institute of Health and Environment, Youngcheon 38874, Korea; 7Infection Disease Intelligence Division, Gangwon Institute of Health and Environment, Chuncheon 24203, Korea Abstract: The infection status of Centrocestus armatus metacercariae (CaMc) was broadly surveyed in freshwater fishes from major river systems in the Republic of Korea (Korea) during 2008-2017. A total of 14,977 fishes was caught and ex- amined by the artificial digestion method. CaMc were detected in 3,818 (97.1%) (2,114 Z. platypus: 96.1% and 1,704 Z. temminckii: 98.4%) out of 3,932 Zacco spp. examined and their density was 1,867 (2,109 in Z. platypus and 1,567 in Z. temminckii) per fish infected. The prevalences with CaMc were high, 93.7-100%, in Zacco spp. from all surveyed areas. However, their densities were more or less different by the surveyed areas and fish species. They were most high in Na- kdong-gang in Gyeongsangnam-do (4,201 in average), and followed by Geum-gang (2,343), Nakdong-gang in Gyeong- sangbuk-do (1,623), Han-gang (1,564), Tamjin-gang and Yeongsan-gang (1,540), streams in the east coast (1,028), Seom- jin-gang (488) and Mangyeong-gang (170). In another species of rasborinid fish, Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis, CaMc were detected in 222 (74.8%) out of 297 ones examined and their density was 278 (1-4,480) per fish infected. CaMc were also detected in total 41 fish species except for the rasborinid fish, Z. platypus, Z. temminckii and O. uncirostris amuren- sis. Conclusively, it was confirmed that among the 3 species of rasborinid fish, Z. platypus and Z. temminckii are highly prevalent and O. uncirostris amurensis is moderately prevalent with CaMc. Additionally, we could know that variety of fish species act as the second intermediate hosts of C. armatus in Korea. Key words: Centrocestus armatus, Zacco platypus, Zacco temminckii, Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis, metacercaria, river INTRODUCTION cospira spp., are known to be the first intermediate hosts in Ja- pan and Korea [3,4]. Various species of freshwater fish, includ- Centrocestus armatus (Digenea: Heterophyidae) is a small in- ing Zacco platypus and Z. temminckii, were reported as the second testinal fluke bearing 42-48 circumoral spines, which mainly in- intermediate hosts in Japan and Korea [5-13]. As the natural de- habits in the small intestines of birds and mammals. This fluke finitive hosts of this fluke, the large egret, Egretta alba modesta, was first recovered from dogs, cats, rabbits, rats and mice experi- and stray cat, Felis catus, were recorded in Korea [14-17]. mentally fed with cyprinoid fish with C. armatus metacercariae This species of heterophyid fluke is not clinically important (CaMc) in Japan [1]. Human infections were experimentally unlike Clonorchis sinensis and Metagonimus spp. as fishborne proven in Japan, and a natural human case was reported in the zoonotic trematodes. And so the epidemiological study on the Republic of Korea (Korea) [1,2]. The freshwater snails, Semisul- metacercarial infections in fish hosts has been rarely done in Korea [6-8,10,11]. In Korea, Chun [6] described more than 11 Received 3 March 2018, revised 9 July 2018, accepted 12 July 2018. species of digenetic trematode metacercariae (DTM) together • Corresponding author ([email protected]) * with CaMc detected in 16 fish species from streams and ponds © 2018, Korean Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine in adjacent areas of Nakdong-gang. Rhee et al. [8] detected This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) CaMc in 7 out of 32 fish species from Mangyeong-gang and which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. they also found them in 5 out of 33 fish species from Dongjin- 341 342 Korean J Parasitol Vol. 56, No. 4: 341-349, August 2018 gang [9]. In 1988, Hong et al. [10] investigated the infection sta- 2015: 200 fishes in 12 spp.) and Jungeupcheon in Jungeup-si tus of CaMc in 2 species of chub, Z. pla typus and Z. temminckii, (2013: 88 fishes in 11 spp.), Jeollabuk-do were examined. collected from 19 sites in 6 major rivers of Korea. Recently, Cho et al. [12] reported the infection status of zoonotic trematode Fish collected from water systems of Yeongsan-gang metacercariae including CaMc in fishes from the water systems and Tamjin-gang in Gangwon-do. Sohn et al. [13] surveyed the infection status Fishes from Hwangryong-gang in Jangseong-gun (2011: 107 of DTM in fishes from the water systems of Hantan-gang and fishes in 14 spp.), Jiseokcheon in Hwasun-gun (2011: 54 fishes Imjin-gang. However, most of previous studies were performed in 8 spp.) and Naju-si (2013: 86 fishes in 9 spp.), Yeongam- in limited areas except for Hong et al. [10]. Even in Hong et al. cheon in Yeongam-gun (2013: 45 fishes in 8 spp.;), Tamjin- [10], only 2 species of chub, Z. platypus and Z. temminckii, col- gang in Jangheung-gun (2014: 167 fishes in 13 spp.; 2015: 243 lected from 19 sites were examined. Therefore, the present fishes in 15 spp.; 2016: 302 fishes in 16 spp.; 2017: 420 fishes study was performed to estimate the endemisities of CaMc in in 19 spp.) and Gangjin-gum (2014: 110 fishes in 12 spp.; 2017: the freshwater fishes nationwidely and moreover, to expand the 407 fishes in 15 spp.), Jeollanam-do were examined. fauna on the fish hosts of C. armatus in Korea. Fish collected from water systems of Seomjin-gang MATERIALS AND METHODS Fishes from Osucheon in Imsil-gun (2011: 105 fishes in 10 spp.; 2012: 190 fishes in 10 spp.; 2013: 46 fishes in 5 spp.), Fish collected from water systems of Han-gang Seomjin-gang in Sunchang-gun (2014: 69 fishes in 22 spp.; Fishes from Hantan-gang in Cheorwon-gun (2010: 177 fish- 2015: 241 fishes in 23 spp.) and Songdaecheon in Namwon-si es in 15 spp.; 2012: 255 fishes in 18 spp.; 2013: 200 fishes in (2012: 139 fishes in 12 spp.; 2013: 57 fishes in 7 spp.), Jeolla- 23 spp.; 2014: 400 fishes in 15 spp.), Suipcheon in Yanggu- buk-do, Seomjin-gang in Gokseong-gun (2015: 146 fishes in gun (2009: 196 fishes in 14 spp.), Hongcheon-gang in Hong- 11 spp.) and in Gurye-gun (2014: 183 fishes in 21 spp.), Jeolla- cheon-gun (2010: 186 fishes in 14 spp.), Pyeongchang-gang in nam-do, Hoengcheon (2014: 156 fishes in 13 spp.), Namsan- Pyeongchang-gun (2013: 230 fishes in 15 spp.), Dong-gang in cheon (2015 and 2016: 234 fishes in 12 spp.) and Jugyocheon Yeongwol-gun (2009: 251 fishes in 19 spp.), Seom-gang in (2011: 54 fishes in 14 spp.) in Hadong-gun, Gyeongsangnam- Hoengseong-gun (2011: 184 fishes in 20 spp.) and Choyang- do were examined. gang in Jeongseon-gun (2012: 196 fishes in 15 spp.), Gang- won-do, and Dalcheon in Goesan-gun (2011: 99 fishes in 12 Fish collected from water systems of Nakdong-gang in spp.), Chungcheongbuk-do were examined. Gyeongsangnam-do Fishes from Yangcheon in Sancheong-gun (2010: 350 fishes Fish collected from water systems of Geum-gang in 15 spp.; 2011: 201 fishes in 14 spp.; 2012: 221 fishes in 11 Fishes from Chogangcheon in Yeongdong-gun (2011: 132 spp.; 2013: 644 fishes in 20 spp.; 2014: 291 fishes in 14 spp.; fishes in 15 spp.), Chungcheongbuk-do, Cheonnae-gang in 2015: 183 fishes in 15 spp.; 2016: 253 fishes in 16 spp.; 2017: Geumsan-gun (2011: 140 fishes in 20 spp.; 2013: 146 fishes in 408 fishes in 22 spp.), Jisucheon in Jinju-si (2014: 94 fishes in 13 spp.; 2014: 161 fishes in 17 spp.; 2015: 79 fishes in 14 spp.), 11 spp.) and Hamancheon in Haman-gun (2014: 73 fishes in Yugucheon in Gongju-si (2013: 146 fishes in 11 spp.; 2015: 165 9 spp.) were examined. fishes in 11 spp.) and Jicheon in Cheongyang-gun (2014: 89 fishes in 13 spp.), Chungcheongnam-do, Jujacheon in Jinan- Fish collected from water systems of Nakdong-gang in gun (2012: 208 fishes in 19 spp.) and Namdaecheon in Muju- Gyeongsangbuk-do gun (2012: 123 fishes in 14 spp.), Jeollabuk-do were examined. Fishes from Naeseongcheon in Bonghwa-gun (2008: 97 fish- es in 12 spp.) and Yecheon-gun (2008: 131 fishes in 18 spp.; Fish collected from water systems of Mangyeong-gang 2014: 103 fishes in 15 spp.), Nakdong-gang in Andong-si (2008: and Dongjin-gang 118 fishes in 12 spp.; 2009: 56 fishes in 11 spp.), Yeong-gang Fishes from Soyangcheon in Wanju-gun (2012: 82 fishes in in Mungyeong-si (2009: 108 fishes in 15 spp.), Banbyeoncheon 8 spp.; 2013: 97 fishes in 12 spp.; 2014: 165 fishes in 9 spp.; in Yeongyang-gun (2008: 86 fishes in 12 spp.; 2015: 161 fishes Sohn et al.: Centrocestus armatus metacercaria in fish from Korea 343 OSOS VSVS EBEB A B Fig.
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