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“Neurotoxicidade Central E Periférica Induzida Pela Urease Majoritária De UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL CENTRO DE BIOTECNOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOLOGIA CELULAR E MOLECULAR “Neurotoxicidade central e periférica induzida pela urease majoritária de Canavalia ensiformis em insetos modelo” Thiago Carrazoni de Freitas Tese submetida ao programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular da UFRGS, Para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências. Porto Alegre, Fevereiro/2017 ORIENTAÇÃO Dra. Celia Regina Ribeiro da Silva Carlini Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Centro de Biotecnologia Pontifícia Universidade Católica – Instituto do Cérebro (orientadora) Dr. Cháriston André Dal Belo Universidade Federal do Pampa – Campus São Gabriel (co-orientador) Dr. Ian Orchard University of Toronto – Mississauga (supervisor no Exterior) Dr. Angela Lange University of Toronto – Mississauga (supervisor no Exterior) 2 BANCA EXAMINADORA Dra. Gianina Teribele Venturin Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul – Instituto do Cérebro Dra. Daiana Ávila Universidade Federal do Pampa – Campus Uruguaiana Dr. Guido Lenz Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Centro de Biotecnologia Dr. Diogo Ribeiro Demartini Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Centro de Biotecnologia (suplente) Dra. Fernanda Stanisçuaski Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – Centro de Biotecnologia (relatora) 3 Este trabalho foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Proteínas Tóxicas (Laprotox), no Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, coordenado pela Profa. Dra. Célia Carlini; no Laboratório de Neurotoxinas (Laneurotox) no Instituto do Cérebro da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, também coordenado pela Profa. Dra. Célia Carlini; no Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia (Lanetox), no campus de São Gabriel da Universidade Federal do Pampa, coordenado pelo Prof. Dr. Cháriston Dal Belo; no Laboratório de Fisiologia de Insetos, localizado no Departamento de Biologia da Universidade de Toronto, campus Mississauga, coordenado pelo Prof. Dr. Ian Orchard e pela Profa. Dra. Angela Lange. As agências financiadoras deste trabalho foram o Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) e Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). T.C.F. recebeu bolsa de doutorado (CAPES, Ed. Toxinologia) no Brasil e bolsa de doutorado sanduíche no Canadá, através do Programa de Doutorado Sanduíche no Exterior (PDSE) da CAPES. Este trabalho também teve o suporte do Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). 4 AGRADECIMENTOS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Agradeço a Célia pela oportunidade de fazer parte do Laprotox/Laneurotox. É com muito orgulho que digo que faço parte desse time, pelos conhecimentos transmitidos e, principalmente, pela enorme paciência e compreensão. Agradeço ao Cháriston pelo grande companheirismo e pelos providenciais ensinamentos em eletrofisiologia. As agência de financiamento CNPq, FAPERGS, NSERC e em especial a CAPES por me conceder bolsa de doutorado tanto no Brasil quanto no exterior. Aos colegas de laboratório, em especial ao Deiber, Tinoko, Angela chuchu e a outra Angela, Michelle, Anne, Fe Stanis e Rafael. Obrigado pessoal, pelo companheirismo, pelos churrascos, pelos helps nos experimentos e pelos conselhos no direcionamento da pesquisa. Agradeço a minha família, pelo imenso suporte, compreensão e amor incondicional, a minha mãe Maria, meus irmãos João Batista, Fátima e Estela e a minha cunhada Ruth. Muito obrigado! Agradeço aos amigos Juliano, Papaleo e César pelos momentos de descontração que, com toda certeza, contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho. I would like say a special thanks to my Canadians friends Hussain, Shirin, Sam, Christine and Marina. Thanks for the friendship guys, my term at UTM was awesome thanks to you all. I would like to thanks Angela and Ian, first of all for the friendship and second for the great guidance in electrophysiology (and in life) at UTM. It was an amazing year guys, full of 5 learning, laughs and of course Heavy Metal concerts (still can’t believe that I saw, AC/DC, Scorpions and Judas Priest, all in the same month). Thanks for everything guys! 6 ÍNDICE Organização da tese ......................................................................................................................09 Lista de abreviaturas ....................................................................................................................10 Palavras-chave .............................................................................................................................. 10 Lista de figuras ..............................................................................................................................11 Resumo ...........................................................................................................................................12 Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................14 1. Introdução ............................................................................................................................15 1.1. Urease de Canavalia ensiformis ............................................................................15 1.2. Atividade entomotóxica da Jack Bean Urease ......................................................18 1.3. Sistema nervoso e neuromuscular de insetos ..........................................................20 2. Objetivos ...............................................................................................................................23 2.1. Objetivos específicos ..............................................................................................23 3. Resultados – Capítulo I .......................................................................................................24 3.1. Artigo publicado .....................................................................................................24 “Central and peripheral neurotoxicity induced by the Jack Bean Urease (JBU) in Nauphoeta cinerea cockroaches” 4. Resultados – Capítulo II .....................................................................................................36 4.1. Artigo manuscrito “Jack bean urease modulates neurotransmitter release on insect neuromuscular junction” 5. Discussão geral e conclusão ................................................................................................62 6. Proposta de mecanismo de ação da JBU sobre o sistema nervoso de insetos ................66 7. Referências Bibliográfica ....................................................................................................68 7 Anexos I. Artigo publicado ..........................................................................................................77 Santos, D. S., Carvalho, E. L., Lima, J. C., Breda, R. V., Oliveira, R. S., Carrazoni, T., Salamoni, S. D., Domingues, M. F., Piovesan, A. R., Boldo, J. T., Assis, D. R., Costa, J. C., Dal Belo, C. A., Pinto, P. M. 2016. “Bothriurus bonariensis scorpion venom activates voltage-dependent sodium channels in insect and mammalian nervous systems.” Chemico-Biological Intaractions 258: 1-9. II. Artigo publicado ..........................................................................................................87 Stürmer, G. D., Carrazoni, T., Heberle, M. A., Assis, D. R., Vinadé, L. H., Pereira, A. B., Franco, J. L., Dal Belo, C. A. 2014. “Modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission induced by sublethal doses of the organophosphate trichlorfon in cockroaches.” Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 109: 56–62. III. Curriculum Vitae ........................................................................................................95 8 Organização da tese O corpo da tese é composto por uma introdução geral, objetivos, resultados (artigos), discussão geral, conclusões, referências gerais, anexos. Os resultados experimentais dessa tese estão apresentados em dois capítulos, cada qual referente a um artigo científico (um já publicado, um como manuscrito). Capítulo I “Central and peripheral neurotoxicity induced by the Jack Bean Urease (JBU) in Nauphoeta cinerea cockroaches”. Toxicology 368, 162-171, 2016. Capítulo II “Jack bean urease modulates neurotransmitter release on insect neuromuscular junction”. Manuscrito. A metodologia utilizada é descrita em cada um dos artigos. As referências gerais ao final da tese são relativas à Introdução e Discussão Geral. Referências citadas apenas nos artigos não estão nas referências gerais, apenas no artigo correspondente. 9 Lista de abreviaturas JBU: Jack Bean Urease SNC: Sistema Nervoso Central SNP: Sistema Nervoso Periférico JNM: Junção Neuromuscular AP: Action Potential EJP: Excitatory Junctional Potential mEJP: miniature Excitatory Junctional Potential GABA: Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Glu: Glutamato OA: Octopamina ACh: Acetilcolina AChE: Acetilcolinesterase Palavras-chave Canavalia ensiformis; Jack Bean Urease; Neurotoxicidade; Nauphoeta cinerea; Locusta migratoria; Drosophila melanogaster; Neurotransmissão. 10 Lista de figuras Figura 1. Aspectos estruturais da JBU ...........................................................................................15 Quadro 1. Quadro comparativo dos efeitos entomotóxicos induzidos por JBU, Canatoxina ou Jaburetox (JBTX) em diferentes espécies de insetos ......................................................................17
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