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Effects of Brazilian Scorpion Venoms on the Central Nervous System
Nencioni et al. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases (2018) 24:3 DOI 10.1186/s40409-018-0139-x REVIEW Open Access Effects of Brazilian scorpion venoms on the central nervous system Ana Leonor Abrahão Nencioni1* , Emidio Beraldo Neto1,2, Lucas Alves de Freitas1,2 and Valquiria Abrão Coronado Dorce1 Abstract In Brazil, the scorpion species responsible for most severe incidents belong to the Tityus genus and, among this group, T. serrulatus, T. bahiensis, T. stigmurus and T. obscurus are the most dangerous ones. Other species such as T. metuendus, T. silvestres, T. brazilae, T. confluens, T. costatus, T. fasciolatus and T. neglectus are also found in the country, but the incidence and severity of accidents caused by them are lower. The main effects caused by scorpion venoms – such as myocardial damage, cardiac arrhythmias, pulmonary edema and shock – are mainly due to the release of mediators from the autonomic nervous system. On the other hand, some evidence show the participation of the central nervous system and inflammatory response in the process. The participation of the central nervous system in envenoming has always been questioned. Some authors claim that the central effects would be a consequence of peripheral stimulation and would be the result, not the cause, of the envenoming process. Because, they say, at least in adult individuals, the venom would be unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. In contrast, there is some evidence showing the direct participation of the central nervous system in the envenoming process. This review summarizes the major findings on the effects of Brazilian scorpion venoms on the central nervous system, both clinically and experimentally. -
A Global Accounting of Medically Significant Scorpions
Toxicon 151 (2018) 137–155 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Toxicon journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/toxicon A global accounting of medically significant scorpions: Epidemiology, major toxins, and comparative resources in harmless counterparts T ∗ Micaiah J. Ward , Schyler A. Ellsworth1, Gunnar S. Nystrom1 Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Scorpions are an ancient and diverse venomous lineage, with over 2200 currently recognized species. Only a Scorpion small fraction of scorpion species are considered harmful to humans, but the often life-threatening symptoms Venom caused by a single sting are significant enough to recognize scorpionism as a global health problem. The con- Scorpionism tinued discovery and classification of new species has led to a steady increase in the number of both harmful and Scorpion envenomation harmless scorpion species. The purpose of this review is to update the global record of medically significant Scorpion distribution scorpion species, assigning each to a recognized sting class based on reported symptoms, and provide the major toxin classes identified in their venoms. We also aim to shed light on the harmless species that, although not a threat to human health, should still be considered medically relevant for their potential in therapeutic devel- opment. Included in our review is discussion of the many contributing factors that may cause error in epide- miological estimations and in the determination of medically significant scorpion species, and we provide suggestions for future scorpion research that will aid in overcoming these errors. 1. Introduction toxins (Possani et al., 1999; de la Vega and Possani, 2004; de la Vega et al., 2010; Quintero-Hernández et al., 2013). -
20110602 Guía Escorpiones
GUÍA DE PREVENCIÓN, DIAGNÓSTICO, 0.0. TRATAMIENTO Y VIGILANCIA EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DEL ENVENENAMIENTO POR ESCORPIONES PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE PREVENCIÓN Y CONTROL DE LAS INTOXICACIONES PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE PREVENCIÓN Y CONTROL DE LAS INTOXICACIONES GUÍA DE PREVENCIÓN, DIAGNÓSTICO, TRATAMIENTO Y VIGILANCIA EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DEL ENVENENAMIENTO POR ESCORPIONES Edición 2011 Ministerio de Salud Presidencia de la Nación Av. 9 de Julio 1925, Piso 12 CP C1073ABA – Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Tel: (011) 4379-9086 (directo) Conm. 4379-9000 int. 4855 Fax: 4379-9133 E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Web: http://www.msal.gov.ar/redartox Guía de Prevención, Diagnóstico, Tratamiento y Vigilancia Epidemiológica del Envenenamiento por Escorpiones Guía de Prevención, Diagnóstico, Tratamiento y Vigilancia Epidemiológica del Envenenamiento por Escorpiones, Edición 2011 / Haas Adriana [y col.]. - 1a ed. - Buenos Aires: Ministerio de Salud de la Nación. Programa Nacional de Prevención y Control de las Intoxicaciones, 2011. 40 p.; 21x17 cm. ISBN 978-950-38-0107-9 1. Prevención Primaria. 2. Intoxicación. 3. Escorpiones. I Haas, Adriana CDD 616.86 ISBN 978-950-38-0107-9 Primera edición: 7.000 ejemplares Impreso en Argentina En el mes de mayo de 2011 En Printing Shop S.R.L. Tel: +54 11 4303-7322 Lanín 100 (1724), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina Este documento puede ser reproducido en forma parcial sin permiso especial siempre y cuando se mencione la fuente de información. PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE PREVENCIÓN Y CONTROL DE LAS INTOXICACIONES EQUIPO DE REDACCIÓN Tomás A. Orduna CEMPRA-MT (Sala 9) – Hospital de Infecciosas “F J.. Muñiz” GCBA Susana C. Lloveras CEMPRA-MT (Sala 9) – Hospital de Infecciosas “F. -
Confirmation of Parthenogenesis in the Medically Significant, Synanthropic Scorpion Tityus Stigmurus (Thorell, 1876) (Scorpiones: Buthidae)
NOTA BREVE: Confirmation of parthenogenesis in the medically significant, synanthropic scorpion Tityus stigmurus (Thorell, 1876) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) Lucian K. Ross NOTA BREVE: Abstract: Parthenogenesis (asexuality) or reproduction of viable offspring without fertiliza- Confirmation of parthenogenesis tion by a male gamete is confirmed for the medically significant, synanthropic in the medically significant, synan- scorpion Tityus (Tityus) stigmurus (Thorell, 1876) (Buthidae), based on the litters thropic scorpion Tityus stigmurus of four virgin females (62.3–64.6 mm) reared in isolation in the laboratory since (Thorell, 1876) (Scorpiones: Buthi- birth. Mature females were capable of producing initial litters of 10–21 thely- dae) tokous offspring each; 93–117 days post-maturation. While Tityus stigmurus has been historically considered a parthenogenetic species in the pertinent literature, Lucian K. Ross the present contribution is the first to demonstrate and confirm thelytokous 6303 Tarnow parthenogenesis in this species. Detroit, Michigan 48210-1558 U.S.A. Keywords: Buthidae, Tityus stigmurus, parthenogenesis, reproduction, thelytoky. Phone/Fax: +1 (313) 285-9336 Mobile Phone: +1 (313) 898-1615 E-mail: [email protected] Confirmación de la partenogénesis en el escorpión sinantrópico y de relevan- cia médica Tityus stigmurus (Thorell, 1876) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) Resumen: Se confirma la partenogénesis (asexualidad) o reproducción con progenie viable Revista Ibérica de Aracnología sin fertilización mediante gametos masculinos en el escorpión sinantrópico y de ISSN: 1576 - 9518. relevancia médica Tityus stigmurus (Thorell, 1876) (Scorpiones: Buthidae). Cua- Dep. Legal: Z-2656-2000. tro hembras vírgenes (Mn 62.3-64.6) se criaron en el laboratorio desde su naci- Vol. 18 miento. Al alcanzar el estadio adulto tuvieron una descendencia telitoca inicial de Sección: Artículos y Notas. -
Notes on the Postembryonic Development of Tityus Melanostictus Pocock, 1893 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Trinidad 7- 13 ©Zoologisches Museum Hamburg
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Entomologische Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg Jahr/Year: 2011 Band/Volume: 15 Autor(en)/Author(s): Lourenco Wilson R., Ythier Eric, Cloudsley- Thompson John L. Artikel/Article: Notes on the postembryonic development of Tityus melanostictus Pocock, 1893 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Trinidad 7- 13 ©Zoologisches Museum Hamburg, www.zobodat.at Entomol. Mitt. zool. Mus. Hamburg15(178): 7-13 Hamburg, 1. Juli 2008 ISSN 0044-5223 Notes on the postembryonic development of Tityus melanostictus Pocock, 1893 (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from Trinidad W ilson R. Lourenço, E ric Y thier & J ohn L. Cloudsley-Thompson (with 4 figures) Abstract Biological observations were made on Tityus melanostictus Pocock, 1893, based on specimens from the region of Cumana, Trinidad. The total duration of embryonic development can only be estimated as 2.5 to 3 months, while the molts necessary for the acquisition of the different juvenile instars and adulthood took place at ages that averaged: 4, 48, 119, 211, 265 and 330 days. These developmental periods are not greatly different from those in other average sized and smaller species of Tityus; however, they are shorter than those previously observed in the larger species of the genus. Morphometric growth values of the different instars are smaller than those of other known species ofTityus. Keywords: Scorpiones, Tityus melanostictus, Trinidad, forest, life history. Introduction Tityus melanostictus Pocock, 1893 was originally described from Trinidad, without reference to a precise locality (Pocock 1893, Lourengo & Eickstedt 1987). This species has a restricted area of distribution limited to Trinidad, Tobago and the North of Venezuela (Lourengo & Eickested 1987, Gonzalez-Sponga 1996, Prendini 2001). -
Active Compounds Present in Scorpion and Spider Venoms and Tick Saliva Francielle A
Cordeiro et al. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases (2015) 21:24 DOI 10.1186/s40409-015-0028-5 REVIEW Open Access Arachnids of medical importance in Brazil: main active compounds present in scorpion and spider venoms and tick saliva Francielle A. Cordeiro, Fernanda G. Amorim, Fernando A. P. Anjolette and Eliane C. Arantes* Abstract Arachnida is the largest class among the arthropods, constituting over 60,000 described species (spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, palpigrades, pseudoscorpions, solpugids and harvestmen). Many accidents are caused by arachnids, especially spiders and scorpions, while some diseases can be transmitted by mites and ticks. These animals are widely dispersed in urban centers due to the large availability of shelter and food, increasing the incidence of accidents. Several protein and non-protein compounds present in the venom and saliva of these animals are responsible for symptoms observed in envenoming, exhibiting neurotoxic, dermonecrotic and hemorrhagic activities. The phylogenomic analysis from the complementary DNA of single-copy nuclear protein-coding genes shows that these animals share some common protein families known as neurotoxins, defensins, hyaluronidase, antimicrobial peptides, phospholipases and proteinases. This indicates that the venoms from these animals may present components with functional and structural similarities. Therefore, we described in this review the main components present in spider and scorpion venom as well as in tick saliva, since they have similar components. These three arachnids are responsible for many accidents of medical relevance in Brazil. Additionally, this study shows potential biotechnological applications of some components with important biological activities, which may motivate the conducting of further research studies on their action mechanisms. -
Arima Valley Bioblitz 2013 Final Report.Pdf
Final Report Contents Report Credits ........................................................................................................ ii Executive Summary ................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 2 Methods Plants......................................................................................................... 3 Birds .......................................................................................................... 3 Mammals .................................................................................................. 4 Reptiles and Amphibians .......................................................................... 4 Freshwater ................................................................................................ 4 Terrestrial Invertebrates ........................................................................... 5 Fungi .......................................................................................................... 6 Public Participation ................................................................................... 7 Results and Discussion Plants......................................................................................................... 7 Birds .......................................................................................................... 7 Mammals ................................................................................................. -
Redalyc.Tityus Zulianus and Tityus Discrepans Venoms Induced
Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacología y Terapéutica ISSN: 0798-0264 [email protected] Sociedad Venezolana de Farmacología Clínica y Terapéutica Venezuela Trejo, E.; Borges, A.; González de Alfonzo, R.; Lippo de Becemberg, I.; Alfonzo, M. J. Tityus zulianus and Tityus discrepans venoms induced massive autonomic stimulation in mice Archivos Venezolanos de Farmacología y Terapéutica, vol. 31, núm. 1, enero-marzo, 2012, pp. 1-5 Sociedad Venezolana de Farmacología Clínica y Terapéutica Caracas, Venezuela Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=55923411003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Tityus zulianus and Tityus discrepans venoms induced massive autonomic stimulation in mice E. Trejo, A. Borges, R. González de Alfonzo, I. Lippo de Becemberg and M. J. Alfonzo*. Cátedra de Patología General y Fisiopatología and Sección de Biomembranas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Central de Venezuela. Caracas. Venezuela. E.Trejo, Magister Scientiarum en Farmacología y Doctor en Bioquímica. R. González de Alfonzo, Doctora en Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular. I. Lippo de Becemberg, Doctora en Medicina M. J. Alfonzo, Doctor en Bioquímica, Biología Celular y Molecular *Corresponding Author: Dr. Marcelo J. Alfonzo. Sección de Biomembranas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Facultad de Medicina Universidad Central de Venezuela. Ciudad Universitaria. Caracas. Venezuela. Teléfono: 0212-605-3654. fax: 058-212-6628877. Email: [email protected] Running title: Massive autonomic stimulation by Venezuelan scorpion venoms. Título corto: Estimulación autonómica masiva producida por los venenos de escorpiones venezolanos. -
Tityus Stigmurus (Thorell, 1876) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) Acta Scientiarum
Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences ISSN: 1679-9283 [email protected] Universidade Estadual de Maringá Brasil Medeiros de Souza, Adriano; de Lima Santana Neto, Pedro; de Araujo Lira, André Felipe; Ribeiro de Albuquerque, Cleide Maria Growth and developmental time in the parthenogenetic scorpion Tityus stigmurus (Thorell, 1876) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences, vol. 38, núm. 1, enero-marzo, 2016, pp. 85-90 Universidade Estadual de Maringá Maringá, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=187146621011 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Acta Scientiarum http://www.uem.br/acta ISSN printed: 1679-9283 ISSN on-line: 1807-863X Doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v38i1.28235 Growth and developmental time in the parthenogenetic scorpion Tityus stigmurus (Thorell, 1876) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) Adriano Medeiros de Souza1, Pedro de Lima Santana Neto2, André Felipe de Araujo Lira3* and 4 Cleide Maria Ribeiro de Albuquerque 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. 2Centro de Assistência Toxicológica de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. 3Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Tv. Prof. Morães Rêgo, 1235, 50670-901, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. 4Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. *Author for correspondence. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. -
SCORPION ENVENOMING by Tityus Discrepans Pocock, 1897 in the NORTHERN COASTAL REGION of VENEZUELA
REVISTA CIENT~FICA,FCV -LUZ 1 Vol. XI, N" 5, 41 2-417, 2001 SCORPION ENVENOMING BY Tityus discrepans Pocock, 1897 IN THE NORTHERN COASTAL REGION OF VENEZUELA Envenenamiento Escorpiónico por Tityus discrepans Pocock, 1897 en la Región Norte Costera de Venezuela Matías ~e~es-~u~o'and Alexis ~odriguez- costa 1 Sección de Entomología Médica. 'sección de Inmunoquímica. Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47423. Caracas 1041, Venezuela ABSTRACT RESUMEN One thousand and forty five scorpion-envenomed (SE) patients Se analizaron 1.045 pacientes envenenados por escorpión en studied frorn 1990 to 1996 were analyzed. Depending on una muestra desde 1990 a 1996. Dependiendo de la intensi- symptom intensity, these cases were distributed in categories: dad de los síntomas, estos casos fueron distribuidos en cate- 1) Light Scorpion Envenoming (LSE) 72.06% expressed only a gorías: 1) envenenamiento escorpiónico ligero (LSE) 72.06% few syrnptoms like pain at the sting cite: followed by 2) Moder- sólo pocos síntomas. como dolor en el lugar de la picadura; ate Scorpion Envenoming (MSE) with 16.55%: and Intense seguido por 2) envenenamiento escorpiónico moderado (MSE) Scorpion Envenoming with 9.95% and finally a group of pa- con 16.55%; envenenamiento escorpiónico intenso (ISE) con tients classified as 4) Severe Scorpion Envenoming (SSE), 9.95% y finalmente un grupo de pacientes se clasificó como 4) with 1.44%. The proportion of envenomed subjects was ana- envenenamiento escorpiónico grave (SSE) con 1.44% de los lysed by age group and sex. In a comparison of the percent- casos totales. La proporción de envenenados fue estratificada ages SE by age groups classified by the Student T-test (p < por grupo de edad y sexo. -
Venomous Arachnid Diagnostic Assays, Lessons from Past Attempts
toxins Review Venomous Arachnid Diagnostic Assays, Lessons from Past Attempts Camila Dias-Lopes 1,2,*, Ana Luiza Paiva 3, Clara Guerra-Duarte 3, Franck Molina 4 and Liza Felicori 1,* 1 Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270901, Brazil 2 Colégio Técnico (COLTEC), UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270901, Brazil 3 Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte 30510010, Brazil; [email protected] (A.L.P.); [email protected] (C.G.-D.) 4 Sys2Diag UMR 9005 CNRS Alcediag, 34000 Montpellier, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (C.D.-L.); [email protected] (L.F.); Tel.: +55-31-3409-4983 (C.D.-L.) Received: 24 July 2018; Accepted: 6 September 2018; Published: 10 September 2018 Abstract: Diagnostic tests for arachnid accidents remain unavailable for patients and clinicians. Together with snakes, these accidents are still a global medical concern, and are recognized as neglected tropical issues. Due to arachnid toxins’ fast mechanism of action, quick detection and quantification of venom is required to accelerate treatment decisions, rationalize therapy, and reduce costs and patient risks. This review aims to understand the current limitations for arachnid venom identification and quantification in biological samples. We benchmarked the already existing initiatives regarding test requirements (sample or biomarkers of choice), performances (time, detection limit, sensitivity and specificity) and their validation (on animal models or on samples from envenomed humans). Our analysis outlines unmet needs for improving diagnosis and consequently treatment of arachnid accidents. Hence, based on lessons from past attempts, we propose a road map for raising best practice guidelines, leading to recommendations for future progress in the development of arachnid diagnostic assays. -
Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte Centro De Biociências Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Bioquímica
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE CENTRO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIOQUÍMICA YAMARA ARRUDA SILVA DE MENEZES CARACTERIZAÇÃO PROTEÔMICA E BIOLÓGICA DA PEÇONHA DE ESCORPIÕES DO GÊNERO Tityus NATAL 2018 YAMARA ARRUDA SILVA DE MENEZES CARACTERIZAÇÃO PROTEÔMICA E BIOLÓGICA DA PEÇONHA DE ESCORPIÕES DO GÊNERO Tityus Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- graduação em Bioquímica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Doutora em Bioquímica. Orientador: Dr. Matheus de Freitas Fernandes Pedrosa. Natal/RN 2018 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN Sistema de Bibliotecas - SISBI Catalogação de Publicação na Fonte. UFRN - Biblioteca Setorial Prof. Leopoldo Nelson - •Centro de Biociências - CB Menezes, Yamara Arruda Silva de. Caracterização proteômica e biológica da peçonha de escorpiões do gênero Tityus / Yamara Arruda Silva de Menezes. - Natal, 2018. 151 f.: il. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Centro de Biociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Matheus de Freitas Fernandes Pedrosa. 1. Escorpião - Tityus stigmurus - Tese. 2. Tityus neglectus - Tese. 3. Tityus pusillus - Tese. 4. Peçonha de escorpião - Tese. 5. Proteômica bottom-up - Tese. 6. Caracterização biológica e funcional - Tese. I. Pedrosa, Matheus de Freitas Fernandes. II. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. III. Título. RN/UF/BSE-CB CDU 595.46 Elaborado por KATIA REJANE DA SILVA - CRB-15/351 Dedico esta obra A Deus, meus pais Inês e Luiz, minha irmã Liliane e meu esposo Adriano, pelo amor, incentivo e apoio fundamentais na realização deste trabalho. AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus por seu amor tão grande e gratuito, por sua misericórdia e bondade manifesta tantas vezes em minha vida.