38 Finding the Steiner Inellipse Using Complex Numbers [35 Marks]. 1

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38 Finding the Steiner inellipse using complex numbers [35 marks]. 1. [Maximum marks: 35] The Steiner inellipse (pictured above) is the unique ellipse, which is tangent to the 3 midpoints of a triangle. We will explore a method of finding the equation of this ellipse using Marden’s theorem. (a) We start with a cubic equation: ! ! = !! − !! + ! − 1. Write this in the form ! ! = (! − !)(!! + !" + !) where !"ℝ. Hence find the 3 roots of ! ! . [7] (b) Draw a sketch of these 3 roots on an Argand diagram. Join these 3 roots to make a triangle. Label this triangle with points F,G,H. Find the coordinates of the midpoints of the sides of this triangle. Label these as C, D, E on the sketch. [3] (c) Solve !′ ! = 0. Sketch these coordinates A, B on the Argand diagram. [6] We now treat our diagram as the real Cartesian x,y plane. Marden’s theorem states that the coordinates A and B form the foci of the unique ellipse tangent to the triangle FGH at its midpoints C,D,E. This is illustrated at the top of the page. When A and B have coordinates (ℎ, ±!) we have the following equation for our ellipse: (! − ℎ)! !! + = 1 !! !! Where: !! − !! = !!. (d) Find ! !"# ! and hence find the equation for this ellipse. [7] Copyright Andrew Chambers 2020. Licensed for non-commercial use only. Visit ibmathsresources.com to download the full worked mark-scheme and for 300 exploration ideas. 39 (e) Show that the equation of the ellipse tangent to the midpoints of the triangle with vertices (0,2), (0,-2), (2,0) is given by: 4 2 ! !! = − 3 ! − 3 3 [8] (f) Find the gradient of the ellipse at (1,1) and (1,-1). Comment on your answer. [4] Copyright Andrew Chambers 2020. Licensed for non-commercial use only. Visit ibmathsresources.com to download the full worked mark-scheme and for 300 exploration ideas. .

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