13th Americas Conference on Wind Engineering 2017

Gainesville, Florida, USA 21 - 24 May 2017

Volume 1 of 2

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Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2633 Email: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com TABLE OF CONTENTS

VOLUME 1

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

A FRAMEWORK FOR THE AERODYNAMICS OF LOW-RISE BUILDINGS IN TORNADOES: CAN BOUNDARY LAYER WIND TUNNELS GIVE US EVERYTHING WE NEED? ...... 1 G. Kopp, C.-H. Wu

TORNADO DAMAGE MODELING: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE CHANGE, WIND DIRECTIONALITY, AND TRANSIENT WIND FIELD INTENSITY...... 27 P. Vickery, S. Banik, L. Twisdale, L. Phan

BLUFF BODY AERODYNAMICS I

MOTION-INDUCED WIND FORCES OF A SLENDER PRISM ...... 28 Z. Chen, K. Tse, K. Kwok

A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR VEHICLE SAFETY ASSESSMENT UNDER HAZARDOUS DRIVING CONDITIONS ...... 34 G. Hou, S. Chen

UNSTEADY WIND FORCES OF A SLENDER PRISM...... 35 Z. Chen, K. Tse, K. Kwok

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INSTABILITY OF A SHEAR LAYER FORMED ON A SQUARE PRISM ...... 36 D. Lander, D. Moore, M. Amitay, C. Letchford

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF VORTEX-INDUCED VIBRATIONS OF A RECTANGULAR SECTION ...... 37 M. Mashnad 9

BLUFF BODY AERODYNAMICS II

DYNAMIC COUPLING EFFECTS ON LONG-SPAN BRIDGES UNDER CONCURRENT WIND, TRAFFIC AND EARTHQUAKE ...... 38 Y. Zhou, S. Chen

SPANWISE CORRELATION OF VORTEX-INDUCED FORCE ON RECTANGULAR 5:1 CYLINDER...... 40 Y. Sun, X. Wang, H. Liao, M. Li

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF AEROELASTIC INSTABILITY AND BEHAVIOR OF A RECTANGULAR PRISM BEYOND CRITICAL...... 41 J. Wan, H. Liao, A. Kareem

AERODYNAMIC PRESSURES MEASURED AT MULTIPLE TAPS ON THE SURFACES OF A SQUARE CYLINDER IN SMOOTH FLOW WITH VARIOUS ANGLES OF ATTACK ...... 42 D. Yeo, M. Kovarek, I. Shinder, E. Simiu

BRIDGES

COMPUTATIONAL AERODYNAMIC SHAPE OPTIMIZATION OF LONG-SPAN BRIDGE DECKS – OPTIMAL FAIRING DESIGN FOR H-SHAPED DECKS...... 44 T. Birhane, G. Bitsuamlak, J. King

IDENTIFICATION OF FLUTTER DERIVATIVES OF TRUSS DECK FROM GUST RESPONSE ...... 45 H. Lam, H. Katsuchi, H. Yamada

EXPERIMENTS TO UNDERSTAND DRY GALLOPING OF STAY CABLES AND CONDUCTOR CABLES IN SINGLE AND GROUPED CONFIGURATIONS...... 56 M. Jafari, P. Sarkar

CATASTROPHE MODELING I

EFFECT OF HURRICANE WIND DIRECTION ON LOSS ESTIMATION ...... 57 B. Alduse, P. Rawal, W. Pang

HURRICANE STORM SURGE CONTENT DAMAGE AND ADDITIONAL LIVING EXPENSES...... 74 M. Baradaranshoraka, J.-P. Pinelli, K. Gurley

CHARACTERISTIC EVENTS BASED TYPHOON CATASTROPHE RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL FOR JAPAN ...... 75 F. Habte, N. Kishi

GENERALIZED WIND LOADING CHAIN: A TIME-FREQUENCY PERSPECTIVE ...... 76 A. Kareem, Y. Guo, L. Hu

HURRICANE LOSS ANALYSIS OF WOOD-FRAME STRUCTURES IN FLORIDA ...... 77 G. Kakareko, S. Jung, O. Vanli, A. Tecle, O. Khemici, M. Khater

HURRICANE RISK IN FLORIDA AS IT RELATES TO THE EVOLUTION OF BUILDING CODES ...... 91 B. Kordi, K. Ramanathan, T. Johnson, F. Moghim, S. Bobby

CATASTROPHE MODELING II

VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS OF STEEL ROOFING CLADDING CONSIDERING WIND DIRECTIONALITY ...... 109 X. Ji, G. Huang, X. Zhang, G. Kopp

IMPACT OF THE LATEST FLORIDA BUILDING CODE ON THE STATEWIDE HURRICANE RISK ...... 131 B. Kordi, K. Ramanathan, T. Johnson, F. Moghim, S. Bobby

ASSESSING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON U.S. ATLANTIC HURRICANE HAZARDS – INITIAL CONDITIONS AND SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE UNCERTAINTIES...... 132 T.-H. Le, F. Liu, W. Pang

AN APPLICATION OF CAT MODELING FOR HURRICANE RISK MITIGATION USING LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS...... 148 R. Li, K. Ramanathan, T. Reinhold, C. Kafali

WIND DAMAGE FUNCTION AND EXPOSURE DATABASE DEVELOPED IN THE FRAMEWORK OF HURRICANE LOSS PREDICTION MODEL ...... 160 J. Oh, P. Apirakvorapinit, M. Gadhiya, S. Daneshvaran, B. Pei

CATASTROPHE MODELING III

FRAGILITY MODEL FOR HURRICANE-INDUCED DAMAGE TO TALL BUILDING CLUSTERS WITH APPLICATION TO URBAN RESILIENCE ANALYSIS...... 161 Y. Guo, J. Lindt

SITE-SPECIFIC BUILDING VULNERABILITY TO WIND PERILS – A CLOSED-FORM FRAMEWORK ...... 162 J. Lin, M. Rahnama

A NEW FRAMEWORK FOR MODELING TROPICAL CYCLONE HAZARD ...... 174 B. Pei, S. Daneshvaran, E. Yonekura, J. Oh, M. Gadhiya

US HURRICANE WIND DATABASE WITH HAZARD CURVES AND APPLICATIONS ...... 175 P. Rawal, W. Pang, B. Pei

CATASTROPHE MODELING IV

EFFECTS OF SPATIAL CORRELATION OF WIND SPEED ON HURRICANE WIND INDUCED LOSSES...... 176 B. Alduse, W. Pang

EVALUATING THE UNCERTAINTY OF COMBINING WIND AND STORM SURGE DAMAGE IN THE FLORIDA PUBLIC HURRICANE LOSS MODEL...... 177 M. Baradaranshoraka, J.-P. Pinelli, K. Gurley, S. Gulati

ANALYTICAL MODELING OF CONTAINER STACK VULNERABILITY...... 178 D. Stedman, R. Vojjala

PROBABILISTIC MODEL FOR WIND PRESSURE ON LOW-RISE BUILDINGS...... 191 H. Zhao, M. Grigoriu, K. Gurley

CODES AND STANDARDS I

THUNDERSTORM DESIGN WIND SPEEDS FOR SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO APPLICABLE TO TRANSMISSION LINES ...... 192 H. Aboshosha, T. Mara, P. Case

WIND LOAD PROVISIONS FOR ROOFS: LOW-RISE INDUSTRIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS ...... 193 H. Alrawashdeh, T. Stathopoulos

WIND LOADS ON ROOF-MOUNTED SOLAR PANELS: COMPARISON OF CODES AND STANDARDS...... 194 H. Alrawashdeh, T. Stathopoulos

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF WIND EFFECTS ON CANOPIES ATTACHED TO MID-RISE BUILDINGS...... 195 A. Naeiji, M. Matus, I. Zisis

AERODYNAMIC RESPONSE OF ROOF-MOUNTED PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS ...... 196 A. Naeiji, R. Greembaum, I. Zisis, A. Chowdhury, P. Irwin

CODES AND STANDARDS II

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF WIND SPEEDS FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN IN THE COMMONWEALTH CARIBBEAN 1952-2008...... 197 T. Gibbs

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW WIND SPEED MAPS FOR THE ASCE 7-16 STANDARD...... 198 M. Levitan, F. Lombardo, A. Pintar, P. Vickery, E. Simiu

COMPARISON OF WIND PRESSURES IN TYPICAL BUILDINGS COMPUTED ACCORDING TO CURRENT WIND REGULATIONS OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC AND ASCE 7...... 200 N. Rojas-Mercedes, L. Aponte-Bermudez, V. Escalante-Cervera, D. Carvajal-Sanchez

GEOGRAPHIC BASED PARAMETERS FOR DESIGN WIND SPEEDS...... 201 S. Schiff

DIRECTIONALITY FACTOR REVISITED...... 202 P. Vickery

CODES AND STANDARDS III

COMPARISON OF LOADS FROM IEC 61400-3 EXTREME CONDITIONS WITH LOADS FROM RECENTLY OBSERVED HURRICANE MODELS ...... 204 G. Amirinia, S. Jung

A COMPARISON OF WIND TUNNEL, AS/NZS1170.2, AND CFD WIND SPEED-UPS OVER A ROUNDED HILL ...... 215 A. Pirooz, R. Flay

TOWARD A CODIFICATION OF THUNDERSTORM/DOWNBURST WINDS THROUGH A GUST FRONT FACTOR: MODEL-BASED AND DATA-DRIVEN PERSPECTIVES...... 228 A. Kareem, D. Kwon

PRELIMINARY DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR TEMPORARY SECUREMENT OF WIND-DAMAGED LOW- SLOPE ROOF ASSEMBLIES...... 229 T. Smith

DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN WIND SPEEDS FOR GLOBAL LOCATIONS – ANALYSIS OF EXTREME STRAIGHT WINDS WITH SURFACE WIND SPEED OBSERVATIONS ...... 242 F. Liu, P. Vickery

CODES AND STANDARDS IV

WIND PERFORMANCE BASED DESIGN – A CASE STUDY...... 244 A. Ashrafi, A. Luca, J. Garber, J. Galsworthy

DESIGN WIND PRESSURE BY PEAKS-OVER-THRESHOLD METHOD: IMPLEMENTATION AND COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE...... 245 D. Duthinh, A. Pintar, E. Simiu

HISTORY OF BUILDING CODE CHANGES IN FLORIDA AND ITS EFFECTS ON WIND DESIGN PROVISIONS ...... 246 D. Stedman, R. Vojjala, P. Datin

A REVIEW OF BRAZILIAN WIND DATA ...... 256 M. Vallis, A. Loredo-Souza, L. Watrin

WIND LOAD FACTORS AND DESIGN MEAN RECURRENCE INTERVALS OF WIND EFFECTS FOR USE IN THE WIND TUNNEL PROCEDURE ...... 280 E. Simiu, A. Pintar, D. Duthinh, D. Yeo

COMPUTATIONAL WIND ENGINEERING AND CYBERPHYSICAL MODELING I

ASSESSMENT OF AERODYNAMIC AND AEROELASTIC PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF COMPUTATIONALLY OPTIMIZED BRIDGE DECK SECTIONS USING LES AND FSI SIMULATIONS ...... 282 T. Birhane, G. Bitsuamlak, J. King

CFD APPLICATIONS INWIND ENGINEERING ...... 283 G. Bitsuamlak

CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS APPROACH TO OPTIMIZATION IN WIND ENGINEERING: PARAPET WALL DESIGN...... 284 M. Whiteman, B. Phillips, P. Caban, F. Masters, J. Rice, J. Davis

REAL-TIME AERODYNAMICS HYBRID SIMULATION: A NOVEL AEROELASTIC WIND-TUNNEL MODEL FOR FLEXIBLE BRIDGES...... 298 T. Wu, M. Sivaselvan

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS ANALYSIS ON THE WAKE EFFECT OF A BRIDGE TOWER ON HIGH SIDE VEHICLES ...... 299 N. Zhang, H. Bosch, J. Shen

COMPUTATIONAL WIND ENGINEERING AND CYBERPHYSICAL MODELING II

INFLUENCE OF DAMPING AND FORCE HYPOTHESES FOR EVALUATING DUCTILITY DEMAND OF STRUCTURES SUBJECTED TO TIME HISTORY WIND LOADING ...... 312 T. Sabbek, S. Langlois, F. Legeron

VALIDATION OF CFD MODELS FOR A VIRTUAL AERODYNAMICS LABORATORY...... 325 M. Sitek, S. Lottes, C. Bojanowski, H. Bosch

NUMERICAL DESIGN OF A FIELD MEASUREMENT CAMPAIGN ON STANFORD’S CAMPUS ...... 341 J. Sousa, C. Gorle

ON THE EFFECTS OF MINOR CHANGES IN INLET WIND DIRECTION ON URBAN CFD SIMULATIONS ...... 342 D. Wise, V. Boppana, H. Poh

IMPROVEMENT OF TORNADO SIMULATION BY ADJUSTING BOUNDARY CONDITIONS...... 343 Y. Zhao, G. Yan, R. Feng

REPRODUCING TORNADO SPENCER IN CFD SIMULATION BASED ON DOPPLER RADAR DATA ...... 350 Y. Zhao, G. Yan, K. Isaac

COMPUTATIONAL WIND ENGINEERING AND CYBERPHYSICAL MODELING III

GENERATING A TURBULENT INFLOW FOR LES OF WIND LOADING ...... 351 G. Lamberti, C. Gorle

SYNTHETIC INFLOW TURBULENCE GENERATION METHODS FOR LES STUDY OF TALL BUILDING AERODYNAMICS...... 353 A. Melaku, G. Bitsuamlak, A. Elshaer, H. Aboshosha

LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF FLOW FIELD OVER URBAN-LIKE ROUGHNESS USING SGS MODEL BASED ON TURBULENT STRUCTURES...... 368 A. Ono, P. Phuc

ON THE VALIDITY OF EQUIVALENT STATIC WIND LOADS FOR TALL BUILDING DESIGN...... 376 S. Park, D. Yeo, E. Simiu

PARTIAL ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER SIMULATIONS USING FLOW DATABASES BASED ON THE PRECURSOR METHOD ...... 377 L. Shi, D. Yeo

DESIGN OPTIMIZATION

CFD-BASED MULTI-OBJECTIVE AERODYNAMIC SHAPE OPTIMIZATION OF TWISTED TALL BUILDINGS...... 379 F. Ding, A. Kareem, S. Spence

TAILORING OF LONG-SPAN BRIDGE DECKS TO IMPROVE THEIR AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE USING CFD BASED OPTIMIZATION METHOD ...... 380 Y. Fang, A. Kareem

TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION OF WIND-EXCITED UNCERTAIN BUILDING SYSTEMS SUBJECT TO PERFORMANCE CONSTRAINTS: FROM LIFE-SAFETY TO HABITABILITY...... 381 A. Suksuwan, S. Spence

3D PERFORMANCE-BASED TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION OF UNCERTAIN DYNAMIC TALL BUILDING SYSTEMS...... 388 X. Luo, S. Spence, A. Kareem

HIGH-RISE AND SUPER-TALL BUILDINGS I

WIND-INDUCED FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF ROOFTOP PINNACLES AND MASTS ON TALL BUILDINGS: A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH...... 389 M. Aruljayachandran, A. Kareem, D. Kwon

WIND LOADING AND DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF A TALL TIMBER BUILDING...... 390 W. Ashman, L. Reres, H. Le, W. Pang

A COMPREHENSIVE FRAMEWORK FOR PERFORMANCE-BASED WIND ENGINEERING OF TALL BUILDINGS CONSIDERING WIND DIRECTION AND WIND SPEED...... 391 W. Cui, L. Caracoglia

ESTIMATION OF INELASTIC CROSSWIND RESPONSE OF TALL BUILDINGS USING EQUIVALENT NONLINEAR EQUATION APPROACH...... 392 C. Feng, X. Chen

COMBINED RISK PREDICTION OF WIND LOADING WITH CHANGES IN SURROUNDING BUILDINGS ...... 403 P. Irwin, J. Garber

HIGH-RISE AND SUPER-TALL BUILDINGS II

ANALYSIS OF AERODYNAMIC CONFIGURATION OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS IN MEXICO...... 404 H.-B. Hugo, H. Ivan

EFFECT OF THE SPATIAL CORRELATION ON THE OVERPRESSURE RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE MID/HIGH-RISE BUILDING ENVELOP ...... 405 S. Li, J. Galsworthy, J. Kilpatrick, M. Chatten

A PERFORMANCE-BASED DESIGN FRMEWORK FOR WIND-EXCITED MULTISTORY BUILDINGS ...... 406 W.-C. Chuang, S. Spence, A. Kareem

GUST FRONT FACTOR: TROPICAL CYCLONE-INDUCED WIND LOAD EFFECTS ON TALL BUILDINGS ...... 407 H. Wang, T. Wu

HIGH-RISE AND SUPER-TALL BUILDINGS III

INTERFERENCE EFFECTS ON WIND LOADS ON TALL BUILDINGS...... 418 B. Chauhan, A. Ahuja

EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF BALCONIES ON THE WIND LOAD DISTRIBUTION ON A HIGH-RISE BUILDING ...... 427 L. Ludena, A. Chowdhury, P. Irwin, M. Moravej, B. Hajra, I. Zisis

THE IMPACT OF TIME AVERAGING OF WIND SPEED DATA ON WIND COMFORT AND HAZARD ANALYSIS...... 428 H. Sinh, S. Cammelli, M. Lee

PC-NARX METAMODELING OF NON-LINEAR AND UNCERTAIN WIND EXCITED DYNAMIC SYSTEMS ...... 435 W.-C. Chuang, S. Spence

ON THE VALIDITY OF EQUIVALENT STATIC WIND LOADS FOR TALL BUILDING DESIGN...... 441 S. Park, D. Yeo, E. Simiu

LOW-RISE BUILDINGS I

WIND LOADS ON FLAT CANOPY ROOFS...... 442 N. Rani, A. Ahuja

INFLUENCE OF TERRAIN ON THE UPLIFT LOADS ON LOW-RISE BUILDING ROOFS...... 451 F. Arif, G. Kopp

EXPERIMENTALLY VALIDATED NONLINEAR MODELING OF LOW-RISE BUILDING RESPONSE UNDER WIND LOADING ...... 459 J. He, F. Pan, C. Cai, A. Chowdhury, F. Habte

WIND PRESSURE CHARACTERISTICS ON GABLE ROOFS ...... 460 X. Dong, C. Jiao

LOW-RISE BUILDINGS II

PRESSURE COEFFICIENTS ON COMPONENTS AND CLADDING FROM WIND TUNNEL TESTS...... 461 D. Duthinh, M. Gierson, B. Phillips

COMPARISON OF DESIGN LOADS FOR PERFORMANCE-BASED DESIGN OF LOW-RISE STRUCTURES ...... 494 S. Hoq, J. Judd

ESTIMATION OF PROBABILISTIC WIND LOAD EFFECTS OF A SADDLE TYPE ROOF CONSIDERING WIND DIRECTIONALITY...... 507 M. Liu, Q. Yang, X. Chen

ASSESSING THE APPLICATION OF INFLUENCE FUNCTION APPROACH TO EVALUATE STANDING SEAM METAL ROOF RESPONSE USING FULL SCALE MEASUREMENT DATA ...... 508 M. Nasiri, D. Henderson, G. Kopp

WIND LOAD DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SEPARATED SAWTOOTH ROOF STRUCTURES...... 520 X. Peng, D. Prevatt

LOW-RISE BUILDINGS III

LOAD SHARING BETWEEN BATTEN TO RAFTER CONNECTIONS UNDER WIND LOADING ...... 533 K. Parackal, J. Ginger, D. Smith, D. Henderson

LEADING EDGE VORTEX DYNAMICS ON A FLAT ROOF ...... 545 P. Richards

WIND-INDUCED STRUCTURAL FORCES OF L- AND T-SHAPED LOW-RISE BUILDINGS WITH HIP ROOFS...... 561 S. Shao, T. Stathopoulos, Y. Tian, Q. Yang

ESTIMATION OF CAVITY PRESSURES IN AIR-PERMEABLE, MULTI-LAYER CLADDING SYSTEMS USING A LUMPED-LEAKAGE APPROACH...... 562 R. Sreedevi, G. Kopp

VOLUME 2

NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT OF PARTIAL HIP ROOF FAILURES DURING TORNADOES ...... 576 S. Stevenson, G. Kopp, A. Ansary

LOW-RISE BUILDINGS IV

COMBINED SHEAR AND UPLIFT TESTING OF WOOD SHEAR WALLS...... 593 S. Shadravan, C. Standohar-Alfano

STRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF LIGHTWEIGHT COMPOSITE WALL SYSTEMS UNDER SPATIAL VARIATION OF WIND PRESSURE...... 594 K. Woldeyes, Y. Shifferaw, T. Birhane, G. Bitsuamlak

NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF WIND EFFECTS ON LOW AND MID RISE HYBRID STRUCTURES...... 609 K. Woldeyes, Y. Shifferaw, T. Birhane, G. Bitsuamlak

INFLUENCE OF THE VERTICAL ANGLE OF ATTACK ON BUILDING PRESSURES USING QUASI- STEADY THEORY...... 621 A. Alba, F. Lombardo

METEROLOGY I

ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER CONDITIONS IN AN OPEN-CIRCUIT LOW-SPEED WIND TUNNEL IN COLOMBIA ...... 634 M. Delgado, J. Marulanda, P. Thomson

ON THE USE OF THE WEATHER RESEARCH AND FORECASTING MODEL TO DEFINE INFLOW UNCERTAINTY FOR ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER SIMULATIONS ...... 635 C. Garcia-Sanchez, C. Gorle

WIND DATA PERFORMANCE FOR ESTIMATING WIND LOADS ON STRUCTURES ...... 636 M. Phelps, C. Fedler, D. Spradling

GENESIS AND TRACK SIMULATION OF ASIA TYPHOONS ...... 644 S. Polamuri, W. Pang

STATE-OF-THE-ART PLANETARY BOUNDARY LAYER MODELING AND THE APPLICATION OF ASCE 7 PROVISIONS TO SUPER-TALL BUILDINGS ...... 656 E. Simiu, A. Heckert, D. Yeo

METEROLOGY II

CONSISTENT ANALYTICAL URBAN CANOPY LAYER VELOCITY PROFILE FOR DENSE BUILDING ARRANGEMENT...... 658 A. Awol, G. Bitsuamlak, F. Tariku

EVOLUTIONARY SPECTRA-BASED TIME-VARYING COHERENCE FUNCTION AND ITS ENGINEERING APPLICATION ...... 659 Y. Jiang, L. Peng, G. Huang, X. Chen

DEVELOPMENTS IN REMOTE SENSING OF HURRICANE WINDS FROM AIR AND SPACE ...... 678 M. Powell

MULTI-HAZARD ENGINEERING

EFFECTS OF COMBINED SURGE, WAVE, AND WIND LOADS ON THE BUCKLING OF ABOVEGROUND STORAGE TANKS...... 679 C. Bernier, J. Padgett

A WIRELESS SENSORS NETWORK SYSTEM FOR SPATIALLY RESOLVED STORM SURGE MEASUREMENTS...... 689 S. Chintalapati, C. Subramanian

FIELD RECONNAISSANCE FOLLOWING THE PASSAGE OF HURRICANE MATTHEW OVER HAITI’S TIBURON PENINSULA ...... 710 T. Kijewski-Correa, A. Kennedy, D. Prevatt, A. Taflanidis

A MULTI-HAZARD TROPICAL CYCLONE DISASTER IMPACT SCENARIO MODEL FOR QUEENSLAND...... 719 R. Krupar, M. Mason

NHERI I

PROCESSING DATA FROM HURRICANE MATTHEW IN DESIGNSAFE-CI ...... 720 H. Gurram, C. Subramanian, J.-P. Pinelli, R. Basu

OVERVIEW OF THE NHERI CENTER FOR COMPUTATIONAL MODELING AND SIMULATION OF THE EFFECT OF NATURAL HAZARDS ON THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT...... 727 S. Mahin, C. Crittenton, Gregory Deierlein, S. Govindjee, A. Kareem, L. Lowes, F. McKenna, M. Schoettler

WIND ENGINEERING RESEARCH AT NSF ...... 729 K. Mehta

NHERI NETWORK COORDINATION OFFICE AND SCIENCE PLAN...... 735 J. Ramirez, T. Smith, B. Edge, W. Holmes

DESIGNSAFE: A CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE FOR DATA SHARING AND ANALYSIS IN NATURAL HAZARDS ENGINEERING ...... 736 E. Rathje, C. Dawson, J. Padgett, J.-P. Pinelli, D. Stanzione, F. Haan, A. Kareem

NHERI II

NSF LARGE-SCALE, SHARED-USE EXPERIMENTAL FACILITY FOR COASTAL WAVE/SURGE AND TSUNAMI HAZARDS...... 738 D. Cox, P. Lomonaco, C. Higgins

NHERI LEHIGH EXPERIMENTAL FACILITY: NATURAL HAZARDS RESEARCH USING REAL-TIME HYBRID SIMULATION...... 739 J. Ricles, R. Sause, C. Kolay, T. Marullo, C. Kusko

THE NHERI WALL OF WIND EXPERIMENTAL FACILITY AT FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY ...... 740 A. Chowdhury, P. Irwin, I. Zisis, M. Refan

OTHER STRUCTURES AND WIND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS I

SINGLE-AXIS SOLAR TRACKING SYSTEMS: STATE OF THE INDUSTRY ...... 741 M. Browne, S. Gamble, R. Erb, N. McKibben

ANCHORAGE AND ENVELOPE WIND LOADS ON ROOF-MOUNTED EQUIPMENT ...... 742 L. Doddipatla, G. Kopp

EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF WIND LOADS ON SPAN-WIRE TRAFFIC SIGNALS...... 743 I. Zisis, P. Irwin, B. Hajra, A. Chowdhury, M. Matus

WIND LOADS ON A FULL-SCALE PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY COMPARED TO THOSE ON AN IDENTICAL MODEL-SCALE ARRAY...... 752 T. Johnston, M. Morrison, S. Stenabaugh, M. Gibbons, M. Browne, S. Gamble

TIME-DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF SOLAR CONCENTRATOR STRUCTURE UNDER GUST WIND ...... 753 B. Kaabia, S. Langlois, S. Maheux, F. Legeron

OTHER STRUCTURES AND WIND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS II

STRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF TRANSMISSION LINE CONDUCTORS UNDER THUNDERSTORM WIND...... 766 A. Elawady, H. Aboshosha

STRUCTURAL FAILURES DUE TO STRONG WINDS IN NON-WIND AREAS IN MEXICO ...... 767 H.-B. Hugo, H. Ivan

EVALUATION ON UNCERTAINTY OF PEAK WIND LOAD EFFECT WITH ANALYTICAL APPROACHES ...... 768 G. Huang, X. Ji

INVESTIGATION ON WIND-INDUCED RESPONSES OF A 300M HIGH CHIMNEY BY WIND TUNNEL TEST ...... 787 S. Liang, W. Yang, L. Wang, J. Song

WIND HAZARD RESILIENT CONSTRUCTION MITIGATION DECISION-MAKING USING A MULTI- OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM...... 789 F. Orooji, C. Friedland

POSTER SESSION

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT TOOLS FOR WIND FARM AEP ASSESSMENT...... 790 A. Silva, E. Zaparoli, C. Andrade

REMOTE SENSING IMAGE FEATURE EXTRACTION FOR AUTOMATED WIND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT...... 799 J. Womble, V. Patriani-Cardoso

PHOTOGRAMMETRY FOR RAPID AND LOW-COST WIND DAMAGE DOCUMENTATION...... 800 J. Womble, K. Leitch, V. Patriani-Cardodo

RESILIENCE

PERFORMANCE-BASED DESIGN FOR BETTER RESILIENCE ...... 801 D. Agdas, M. Mason

QUANTIFYING SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF A TORNADO BY EVALUATING POPULATION DISLOCATION AS A RESILIENCE METRIC AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL ...... 802 H. Masoomi, J. Lindt, L. Peek, B. Ellingwood, H. Mahmoud, N. Wang, A. Cerato, K. Simonen

INFRASTRUCTURE RESILIENCE FOR HURRICANE HAZARDS...... 803 S. Wang, J. Machado, X. He, E. Cha, D. Reed

RESILIENCE STUDY OF ELEVATED COASTAL RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS SUBJECT TO STRONG WINDS...... 804 J. Weston, F. Pan, W. Zhang

DATE STAMPING STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT FOR DETECTING COLLAPSE PERIOD IN HURRICANE RESILIENCY INDEX TIME SERIES ...... 817 C. Zhu, D. Liang, B. Ewing

THUNDERSTORMS AND DOWNBURSTS

NEW FRAMEWORK FOR ESTIMATING THUNDERSTORM DESIGN SPEED ...... 819 H. Aboshosha, T. Mara, P. Case

THUNDERSTORM WIND DIRECTIONALITY...... 833 D. Banks, D. Chen, A. Beyer-Lout

A SIMPLE VORTEX MODEL OF A THUNDERSTORM DOWNBURST – A PARAMETRIC STUDY...... 834 M. Jesson, M. Sterling

A PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF STRUCTURAL FRAGILITY FOR A CANTILEVER STRUCTURE SUBJECTED TO A THUNDERSTORM DOWNBURST LOADING ...... 835 V. Le, L. Caracoglia

A SIMPLE VORTEX MODEL OF A THUNDERSTORM DOWNBURST – A PARAMETRIC EVALUATION ...... 851 M. Jesson, M. Sterling

TORNADOES I

TORNADO DAMAGE ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS COUPLED WITH ELECTRICAL POWER NETWORK FOR THE 2011 JOPLIN TORNADO...... 861 N. Attary, J. Lindt, M. Koliou, S. Smith, V. Unnikrishnan

EFFECT OF LABORATORY SIMULATED DYNAMIC AND TRANSLATING DOWNBURST ON THE PRESSURE DISTRIBUTIONS OF A LOW-RISE BUILDING...... 862 J. Chowdhury, H. Hangan

METHODOLOGY TO ESTIMATE TORNADO WIND SPEEDS BASED ON SITE-SPECIFIC DAMAGE OBSERVATIONS ...... 863 P. Datin

REPORTED WIND DAMAGE IN URUGUAY AND REGISTERED WIND SPEEDS DURING 2014 ...... 864 V. Duranona, S. Orteli, A. Guggeri

A PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR STRUCTURAL TORNADO DAMAGE TO RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES USING HOUSING DATA FROM THE 2011 JOPLIN, MO TORNADO...... 866 A. Egnew, D. Prevatt, D. Roueche

TORNADOES II

CLOSE TO GROUND WIND FIELD IN A VORTEX CHAMBER USING CFD ...... 867 D. Dominguez, R. Selvam

STOCHASTIC SIMULATION OF TORNADO TRACKS FOR THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES...... 884 F. Fan, W. Pang

EFFECT OF A 2016 TORNADO IN RURAL AREAS OF JIANGSU PROVINCE IN CHINA...... 885 W. Fang, D. Pan, J.-P. Pinelli, J. Hou

DEVELOPMENT OF A WIND ENGINEERING FIELD LABORATORY TO CHARACTERIZE TRANSIENT WINDS...... 886 J. Nevill, F. Lombardo

EFFECT OF TOPOGRAPHY ON TORNADO FLOW FIELD ...... 898 A. Razavi, P. Sarkar

TORNADOES III

TORNADO DAMAGE MODELING OF SINGLE FAMILY WOOD FRAME HOUSE...... 899 S. Banik, P. Vickery, L. Twisdale

A METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING RELATIVE SAFETY OF TORNADO REFUGE AREAS ...... 900 L. Twisdale, L. Mudd, M. Levitan

PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS OF EF SCALE WINDSPEEDS FOR TORNADO HAZARD ANALYSIS...... 901 L. Twisdale, S. Banik, P. Vickery, S. Quayyum, M. Levitan, L. Phan

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A TORNADO DAMAGE MODEL...... 903 P. Vickery, S. Banik, L. Twisdale, L. Phan

EFFECTS OF ASPECT RATIO ON TORNADO-LIKE VORTICES SIMULATED IN A LARGE-SCALE TORNADO SIMULATOR...... 905 Z. Tang, L. Wu, C. Feng, D. Zuo, D. James

TORNADOES IV

SURFACE PRESSURES DEPENDENCY ON REYNOLDS NUMBER AND SWIRL RATIO IN TORNADO VORTICES ...... 916 M. Refan, H. Hangan

IMPROVED CHARACTERIZATION OF DAMAGE PATTERNS FROM IDEALIZED TORNADO MODELS...... 917 D. Rhee, F. Lombardo

COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF TORNADO RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION...... 929 D. Roueche, B. Wood, D. Prevatt

WRF SIMULATION OF STRONG WIND GUST INDUCED BY TORNADO-GENESIS STORM ...... 930 T. Tao, T. Tamura, H. Kawai

STUDY ON MOST UNFAVORABLE TRANSLATING PATHS OF TORNADOES FOR TORNADO- RESISTANT DESIGN OF CIVIL STRUCTURES...... 941 J. Zu, G. Yan, K. Isaac

TORNADOES V

TORNADO RATES IN CHINA AND POST-DISASTER INVESTIGATION OF TORNADO IN CHINA ON JUNE 23, 2016...... 942 R. Gao, Q. Yang, T. Li, Y. Tamura

AN INVESTIGATION OF TRANSLATION AND STATIC PRESSURE EFFECTS ON TORNADO-INDUCED PEAK PRESSURES ON LOW-RISE BUILDINGS USING THE DESIGNSAFE CYBERINFRASTRUCTURE ...... 943 F. Haan, P. Sarkar

EMPIRICAL VALIDATION OF ENGINEERING-BASED TORNADO FRAGILITY FUNCTIONS...... 955 D. Roueche, D. Prevatt, F. Lombardo, F. Haan

THE INFLUENCE OF TANGENTIAL TO TRANSLATIONAL VELOCITY RATIO ON TORNADO FORCE COEFFICIENTS ON BUILDING USING CFD ...... 956 M. Yousef, R. Selvam

MODELLING TRANSLATING TORNADO-LIKE WIND FLOW USING CFD SIMULATIONS ...... 968 F. Yuan, G. Yan, R. Honerkamp, K. Isaac

TORNADOES VI

TORNADO HAZARD ASSESSMENT FOR THE CONTINENTAL OF UNITED STATES...... 977 F. Fan, W. Pang, J. Wang

DUAL-DOPPLER RADAR, IN SITU ANEMOMETRIC AND GROUND DAMAGE OBSERVATIONS OF THE 27 NOVEMBER 2014 BRISBANE SUPERCELL...... 990 R. Krupar, M. Mason, D. Smith, J. Soderholm, A. Protat, W. Gunter

TORNADO HAZARD MAPPING FOR TORNADO-RESISTANT DESIGN OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE...... 1004 L. Phan, M. Levitan, L. Twisday

A 3D TORNADO WIND FIELD MODEL FOR MULTIPLE-CELL TORNADO VORTEX ...... 1005 J. Wang, W. Pang, S. Cao, F. Fan

TORNADO DAMAGE PRESERVATION VIA 3D REALITY CAPTURE...... 1016 M. Mohammadi, R. Wood, J. Womble, D. Smith, E. Louden

NON-SYNOPTIC WIND-INDUCED RESPONSE OF LONG-SPAN BRIDGES: A HYBRID CFD-CSD-BASED APPROACH...... 1017 J. Hao, T. Wu

UTILITIES

HURRICANE PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF POWER DISTRIBUTION LINES USING MULTI-SCALE MATRIX-BASED SYSTEM RELIABILITY ANALYSIS METHOD ...... 1018 Y. Darestani, A. Shafieezadeh, R. DesRoches

LIMIT STATE EVALUATION FOR TRANSMISSION TOWER-LINE SYSTEM ...... 1026 X. Li, H. Niu, F. Pan, W. Zhang

ASSESSING THE WIND-INDUCED RESPONSE OF HIGH-MAST ILLUMINATION POLES (HMIPS) USING FIELD DATA...... 1037 Y.-C. Chen, L. Manual, M. Morovat, D. Zuo

AN EQUIVALENT DYNAMIC BOUNDARY MODEL FOR EFFECTS OF ADJACENT SPANS IN OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION LINES DURING HURRICANES...... 1052 Y. Darestani, A. Shafieezadeh

STRUCTURAL RESILIENCY ASSESSMENT OF A SINGLE-CIRCUIT OVERHEAD DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM UNDER EXTREME WIND HAZARD ...... 1053 H. Yuan, W. Zhang, J. Zhu, A. Bagtzoglou

WIND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT

EFFECTS OF HURRICANE MATTHEW ON A FLORIDA RESIDENCE ROOF...... 1067 H. Gurram, C. Subramanian, J.-P. Pinelli, N. Mbarek

HURRICANE MATTHEW MULTI-HAZARD DAMAGE SURVEY...... 1081 F. Habte, N. Kishi, M. Simon

ANALYSIS OF CLAIMS DATA AND DAMAGE INVESTIGATIONS FROM THREE TROPICAL CYCLONES IN QUEENSLAND...... 1082 D. Smith, D. Henderson, R. Krupar, M. Mason

RECENT ADVANCES IN REMOTE-SENSING ASSESSMENTS OF WIND DAMAGE ...... 1083 J. Womble, R. Wood, M. Mohammadi, Ronald T. Eguchi, S. Ghosh

NATURAL HAZARD AND DAMAGE ASSESSMENT OF BUILDING INFRASTRUCTURES IN A COASTAL COMMUNITY...... 1084 J. Zhu, J. Weston, W. Zhang

WIND ENERGY

OPTIMIZATION OF ALTERNATIVE TOWERS FOR WIND TURBINES IN LOW WIND RESOURCE REGIONS...... 1086 A. Al-Kaimakchi, S. Jung, M. Rambo-Roddenberry, G. Amirinia

UTILIZING RADAR-MEASURED VELOCITY FIELDS TO PROVIDE EXTENDED INFLOW FORECASTS TO INDIVIDUAL TURBINES WITHIN A WIND PLANT ...... 1097 J. Duncan, B. Hirth, J. Schroeder

OPTIMIZE THE WIND FARM LAYOUT USING A MODIFIED GENETIC ALGORITHM...... 1098 J. Hu, Q. Yang, J. Zhang

WIND FIELDS DURING THE EVENING TRANSITION PERIOD AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON WIND TURBINE LOADS ...... 1099 N.-Y. Lu, S. Basu, L. Manuel

MITIGATION OF MONOPILE OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES UNDER WIND AND WAVE LOADING ...... 1112 C. Sun, V. Janangiri

WIND-DRIVEN RAIN, DEBRIS AND EMBERS

CRITICAL SCOURING VELOCITY OF LOOSELY LAID ROOF AGGREGATE...... 1137 L. Doddipatla

EMBER FLIGHT MODELING AND EXPERIMENTS...... 1138 A. Tohidi, N. Kaye

INTERIOR DAMAGE OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS DUE TO WIND-DRIVEN RAIN INTRUSION ...... 1139 F. Raji, N. Miller, I. Zisis, J.-P. Pinelli, A. Chowdhury

A THEORETICAL MODEL FOR RAPID ESTIMATES OF RAINFALL DURING TROPICAL CYCLONES ...... 1141 R. Snaiki, T. Wu

Author Index