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The First Hundred Days Per 1 The First Hundred Days Matthieu Cartron FDR Inaugurated Economic Depression Nationwide panic The U.S was in desperate need of relief People were no longer spending nor investing money Bank Panic Impact of FDR’s Personality Extremely self confident Gave people hope Practical but confidently optimistic Flexible to new ideas Willing to try everything Persistent Youthful in mind Energetic His personality lifted the spirits of the nation The First New Deal Relief: For the poor and unemployed Recovery: For the economy Reform: For long term solutions (so a depression is not repeated in the future) Emergency Banking Act Attempted to build confidence in the nation’s banks Banks were on the verge of completely collapsing Allowed the twelve federal banks to issue money on good assets Glass Steagall Act Established the federal deposit insurance corporation Prevented commercial banks from participating in the investment banking business Enacted to counter bank failure Part of the Emergency Banking Act FDIC: coverage insurance for bank deposits Civilian Conservation Corps Created in 1933 Men aged 18-23, and later expanded the age range to 17-28 Disciplined outdoor labor for young men Public work projects FDR believed the CCC would keep young men off the streets and relieve the rural unemployed Operated like the army Environmental conservation and promotion CCC continued Planted Trees (reforestation), soil conservation, dug canals and ditches, built wildlife shelters, national parks, stocked rivers and lakes with around a billion fish, restored historic landmarks (battlefields), cleared beaches and campgrounds Black participation in the CCC was affected by discrimination in recruitment Excellent preparation for World War II National Industrial Recovery Act Reform of the economy Industries were forced to have codes that would establish rules of operation Minimum prices Production restrictions Raised salaries Competition agreements Enforced by the executive branch Tennessee Valley Authority Created by FDR and Republican George Norris Largest government-owned industrial enterprise in U.S history Built dams Controlled floods Modernized agriculture and house conditions Generated electricity Fertilizer manufacturing Agrarian modernization All in the Tennessee Valley Agricultural Adjustment Act The U.S Government would pay farmers subsidies Killed excess livestock Reduced the amount of planting (crop production) AAA was implemented to reduce livestock and crop surplus so that prices would increase National Recovery Administration Created by the NIRA Sought to bring industries together to form an “alliance” or unit Fixed prices and salaries “Codes of Fair Competition” for the protection of consumers, competitors, and employers Antitrust laws suspended Primary goal was to create fair competition amongst companies Schecter vs. United States Schecter Poutry Co. Regulations under the NIRA had certain requirements for the poultry industry Executive Branch had the power to enforce codes written by private business and trade groups to promote fair competition Schector Poultry Co sold chickens that did not meet the standards of the NIRA Question: Could Congress, through the NIRA, give the President the power to enforce codes and regulations? Schecter vs. United States cont. Unanimous decision in favor of Schecter Poultry Co. Violation of the separation of powers Violation of the commerce clause; Schecter Poultry Co. was selling to intrastate buyers Violation of the 10th amendment FDR furious at the decision: added to the reason why he wanted to “pack the court” New Dealers FDR’s Brain Trust Group of intellectuals from Ivy League schools Hired to help Roosevelt in his decision making His “helpers” were divided amongst three different methods of ending the depression Trust Bust Associationalists: wanted to encourage cooperation between business, labor, and government by establishing associations and codes Economic Planners: centralized national planning Executive Order 6102 Monetarism: a doctrine holding that changes in the money supply determine the direction of a nation’s economy Order criminalized the hoarding of gold coins, gold bullion, and gold certificates Took U.S off the Gold Standard The U.S could now adjust the amount of money in the economy Silver Purchase Act of 1934 U.S government purchased large quantities of silver and issued certificates Wanted to reinflate prices while still having a monetary system based upon a precious metal Gabriel Over the White House 1933 American film starring Walter Huston President Hammond (fictional president of the U.S played by Huston) Hammond spent billions of dollars on programs similar to the New Deal Hammond became a national hero Released three weeks after the inauguration of FDR FDR loved the movie He even changed parts of the movie script Totalitarian propaganda Would have paved the way for FDR to take “extreme action” if necessary Citations "FDR's Brains Trust." FDR's Brains Trust. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2015. "New Deal." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2015. "Gabriel Over The White House's Fictional President Awakes from a Coma and Saves the World." · Watch This · The A.V. Club. N.p., 05 Dec. 2012. Web. 26 Jan. 2015. "Civilian Conservation Corps." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 25 Jan. 2015 .
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