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Investigation on the Status of Physical Development, Anemia and Caries of Preschoolers in Chongqing Wang-Yu1,A, Zeng-Yan1

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Investigation on the Status of Physical Development, Anemia and Caries of Preschoolers in Chongqing Wang-Yu1,A, Zeng-Yan1 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, Volume 496 Proceedings of the 2020 3rd International Conference on Humanities Education and Social Sciences (ICHESS 2020) Investigation on The Status of Physical Development, Anemia and Caries of Preschoolers in Chongqing Wang-Yu1,a, Zeng-Yan1 1faculty of preschool education，Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400065,China a Email:[email protected] ABSTRACT Period of preschool is important for children's growth and development, which has a far-reaching impact on children's health in the near and long term. The aim of this study was to understand the physical development, anemia and caries status of children aged 3-6 years in Chongqing, so as to provide reference for children health care work. The physical examination data of 2573 preschool children in Chongqing were collected by convenience sampling for descriptive analysis and difference test. The rates of growth retardation, underweight, emaciation, overweight, obesity, caries and anemia were 12.24%, 1.71%, 7.38%, 5.05%, 38.09% and 13.37%. Boys had lower rates of underweight and anemia than girls(P=0.000) .The rates of growth retardation, underweight, caries and anemia were lower in urban areas than that of in rural areas(P＜ 0.05). The regional difference of body symmetry was statistically significant. Age differences in underweight and caries were statistically significant. Physical development of preschool children in Chongqing needs to be promoted, and the incidence of common diseases was high, and effective measures should be taken to intervene. Keywords：Preschool children, Physical development, Chongqing, Caries, Anemia children participated in the physical examination, and 2573 1. INTRODUCTION children met the inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria: 1) Age 3-6; 2) No organic diseases; 3) No secondary obesity; 4) No Preschool is the period of rapid development which is the history of illness in the two weeks before the physical key to the growth and development of preschoolers.If examination; 5) Complete physical examination data. preschoolers cannot guarantee a balanced nutrition, 6)Informed consent was obtained from the parents. adequate physical activity and good living habits, they are prone to growth retardation, underweight, overweight, obesity and other physical development deviation, and 2.2 The diagnostic criteria and evaluation also easy to cause anemia, caries or other common methods diseases, which can affect children's current or long-term health. Physical growth measurement and evaluation of Weight-for-age （ WAZ ） below -2S is considered preschoolers is the most convenient, economical and underweight， and height for age（HFA）below -2S is non-invasive method for monitoring and intervening the considered growth retardation. Height and weight standards health and nutritional status of individual and group refer to the reference standard for growth and development children. The purpose of this study is to understand the of children under 7 years old. physical development of children aged 3-6 years in Body mass index(BMI) was used to assess body symmetry. Chongqing, and to provide reference for the health care BMI criteria refer to the percentile scale of body mass index work of preschoolers in Chongqing. of Chinese children aged 2 to 18 years in 2009. BMI below the 3rd percentile (P3) of the same age and gender is considered as emaciation;BMI higher than the 85th 2. OBJECT AND METHODS percentile (P85) of the same age and gender and lower than the 95th percentile (P95) is considered overweight.BMI higher than the 95th percentile (P95) of the same age and 2.1 Object gender is considered obese[1]. The criteria of anemia refer to the diagnostic criteria of the 13 kindergartens were selected from in Nanan district, eighth edition of Pediatrics[2]. Hemoglobin (Hb) < 110g/L Yuzhong district, Liangjiang new district, Jiangbei at 6-59 months and Hb <115g/L at 5-11 years old were district, Wanzhou district and Wushan county by diagnosed as anemia. convenience sampling. The physical examination data of The criteria for caries refer to the methods of the 4th national all children in the kindergarten were collected, and 2763 oral health epidemiological survey in 2015 and the 5th Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press SARL. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 371 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, Volume 496 edition oral health epidemiological survey by the world 3. Results health organization in 2013[3]. 3.1 The Basic Information of The Object 2.3 Statistical Method 2753 children met the inclusion criteria,including 1267 SPSS20.0 was statistically analyzed. Composition ratios males and 1306 females, with 1270 children in the urban and or rates were used for statistical description of 1303 in the rural,see table1. data.Chi-square tests were used to compare differences in composition ratios or rates. Bonferroni test was used for pairwise comparison. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Table 1. The basic information of the object Gender Areas Age Total Male Female Urban Rural 3.0~ 802(31.17%) 418(52.12%) 384(47.88%) 428(53.37%) 374(46.63%) 4.0~ 899(34.94%) 447(49.72%) 452(50.28%) 416(46.27%) 483(53.73%) 5.0~ 872(33.89%) 402(46.10%) 470(53.90%) 426(48.85%) 446(51.15%) Total 2573(100.00%) 1267(49.24%) 1306(50.76%) 1270(49.36%) 1303(50.64%) Note:5.0~ on behalf of 5~6 respectively. There was no significant difference in body 3.2 Physical Development Deviation of symmetry among different age and gender. Regional Preschoolers of Different Genders , Areas differences in body symmetry were statistically significant(2=48.30,P=0.000). The rates of emaciation and and Ages obesity in urban children was higher than that in rural. See table2. The growth retardation rate was 13.06%. There was no significant difference in growth retardation rate among different ages and genders. The growth retardation rate (4.41%)in urban areas was lower than that in rural 3.4 Incidence of Caries and Anemia of areas(21.49%), and the difference was statistically Preschoolers of Different Genders, Areas and significant(2=165.25,P=0.000).See tableⅡ. Ages The underweight rate was 12.24%.The underweight rates in males(9.87%) and urban (8.03%) were lower than The dental caries rate was 38.09%.There was no significant those of females(14.55%) and rural (16.35%), with difference in dental caries rate among different genders.The statistically significant(2=13.12 and 41.39,P=0.000).The rate of dental caries in urban (32.20%)was lower than that in difference of underweight rate among different ages was rural(43.82%), and the difference was statistically statistically significant(2=18.21,P=0.000).The rate of significant(2=36.81,P=0.000). The rate of dental caries in underweight among 5 years old was higher than that different age groups was statistically among 3 years and 4 years old children, respectively. See significant(2=9.31,P=0.010). 5 years old children dental table2. caries rate was higher than 3 years old children.See table2. The anemia rate was 13.37%. There was no significant difference in anemia rate among different ages. The anemia 3.3 Body Symmetry of Preschoolers of rate in male(10.66%) and urban area(6.06%) was lower than Different Genders, Areas and Ages that in female(16.00%) and rural area(20.49%), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(2=15.88 and The proportion of children who are emaciation, 115.60,P=0.000). See table2. overweight and obese were 1.71%,7.38% and 5.05%, Table 2. comparison of physical development deviation and common disease detection in different gender, ages and areas (n, %) Growth Dental Items Groups Sample size Underweight Emaciation Overweight Obese Anemia Retardation Caries male 1267(49.24%) 180(14.21%) 125(9.87%) 27(2.13%) 90(7.10%) 60(4.74%) 464(36.62%) 135(10.66%) Genders female 1306(50.76%) 156(11.94%) 190(14.55%) 17(1.30%) 100(7.66%) 70(5.36%) 516(39.51%) 209(16.00%) 372 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, Volume 496 total 2573(100.00%) 336(13.06%) 315(12.24%) 44(1.71%) 190(7.38%) 130(5.05%) 980(38.09%) 344(13.37%) 2 2.90 13.12 3.36 2.28 15.88 P 0.089 0.000 0.340 0.132 0.000 urban 1270(49.36%) 56(4.41%) 102(8.03%) 44(3.46%) 100(7.87%) 68(5.35%) 409(32.20%) 77(6.06%) rural 1303(50.64%) 280(21.49%) 213(16.35%) 0(0.00%) 90(6.91%) 62(4.76%) 571(43.82%) 267(20.49%) Areas total 2573(100.00%) 336(13.06%) 315(12.24%) 44(1.71%) 190(7.38%) 130(5.05%) 980(38.09%) 344(13.37%) 2 165.25 41.39 48.30 36.81 115.60 P 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 3.0~ 802(31.17%) 105(13.09%) 94(11.72%) 14(1.75%) 55(6.86%) 40(4.99%) 283(35.29%) 123(15.34%) 4.0~ 899(34.94%) 74(8.23%) 83(9.23%) 13(1.45%) 53(5.90%) 50(5.56%) 330(36.71%) 109(12.12%) 5.0~ 872(33.89%) 56(6.42%) 138(15.83%) 17(1.95%) 82(9.40%) 40(4.59%) 367(40.09%) 112(12.84%) Ages total 2573(100.00%) 235(9.13%) 315(12.24%) 44(1.71%) 190(7.38%) 130(5.05%) 980(38.09%) 344(13.37%) 2 0.45 18.21 9.84 9.31 4.09 P 0.799 0.000 0.132 0.010 0.129 results of Chongqing municipal survey in 2013(54.08%) 4.
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