Living Amazon Report 2016
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ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME in the AMAZON BASIN: a Typology for Research, Policy and Action
IGARAPÉ INSTITUTE a think and do tank SP 47 STRATEGIC PAPER 47 PAPER STRATEGIC 2020 AUGUST ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME IN THE AMAZON BASIN: A Typology for Research, Policy and Action Adriana Abdenur, Brodie Ferguson, Ilona Szabo de Carvalho, Melina Risso and Robert Muggah IGARAPÉ INSTITUTE | STRATEGIC PAPER 47 | AUGUST 2020 Index Abstract ���������������������������������������������������������� 1 Introduction ������������������������������������������������������ 2 Threats to the Amazon Basin ���������������������������� 3 Typology of environmental crime ����������������������� 9 Conclusions ���������������������������������������������������� 16 References ����������������������������������������������������� 17 Annex 1: Dimensions of Illegality ��������������������� 17 Cover photo: Wilson Dias/Agência Brasil IGARAPÉ INSTITUTE | STRATEGIC PAPER 47 | AUGUST 2020 ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME IN THE AMAZON BASIN: A Typology for Research, Policy and Action Igarape Institute1 Abstract There is considerable conceptual and practical ambiguity around the dimensions and drivers of environmental crime in the Amazon Basin� Some issues, such as deforestation, have featured prominently in the news media as well as in academic and policy research� Yet, the literature is less developed in relation to other environmental crimes such as land invasion, small-scale clearance for agriculture and ranching, illegal mining, illegal wildlife trafficking, and the construction of informal roads and infrastructure that support these and other unlawful activities� Drawing on -
New Age Tourism and Evangelicalism in the 'Last
NEGOTIATING EVANGELICALISM AND NEW AGE TOURISM THROUGH QUECHUA ONTOLOGIES IN CUZCO, PERU by Guillermo Salas Carreño A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Professor Bruce Mannheim, Chair Professor Judith T. Irvine Professor Paul C. Johnson Professor Webb Keane Professor Marisol de la Cadena, University of California Davis © Guillermo Salas Carreño All rights reserved 2012 To Stéphanie ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was able to arrive to its final shape thanks to the support of many throughout its development. First of all I would like to thank the people of the community of Hapu (Paucartambo, Cuzco) who allowed me to stay at their community, participate in their daily life and in their festivities. Many thanks also to those who showed notable patience as well as engagement with a visitor who asked strange and absurd questions in a far from perfect Quechua. Because of the University of Michigan’s Institutional Review Board’s regulations I find myself unable to fully disclose their names. Given their public position of authority that allows me to mention them directly, I deeply thank the directive board of the community through its then president Francisco Apasa and the vice president José Machacca. Beyond the authorities, I particularly want to thank my compadres don Luis and doña Martina, Fabian and Viviana, José and María, Tomas and Florencia, and Francisco and Epifania for the many hours spent in their homes and their fields, sharing their food and daily tasks, and for their kindness in guiding me in Hapu, allowing me to participate in their daily life and answering my many questions. -
A Reappraisal of Phylogenetic Relationships Among Auchenipterid Catfishes of the Subfamily Centromochlinae and Diagnosis of Its Genera (Teleostei: Siluriformes)
ISSN 0097-3157 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA 167: 85-146 2020 A reappraisal of phylogenetic relationships among auchenipterid catfishes of the subfamily Centromochlinae and diagnosis of its genera (Teleostei: Siluriformes) LUISA MARIA SARMENTO-SOARES Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Prédio Bárbara Weinberg, Campus de Goiabeiras, 29043-900, Vitória, ES, Brasil. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-1794 Laboratório de Ictiologia, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Av. Transnordestina s/no., Novo Horizonte, 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil Instituto Nossos Riachos, INR, Estrada de Itacoatiara, 356 c4, 24348-095, Niterói, RJ. www.nossosriachos.net E-mail: [email protected] RONALDO FERNANDO MARTINS-PINHEIRO Instituto Nossos Riachos, INR, Estrada de Itacoatiara, 356 c4, 24348-095, Niterói, RJ. www.nossosriachos.net E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT.—A hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships is presented for species of the South American catfish subfamily Centromochlinae (Auchenipteridae) based on parsimony analysis of 133 morphological characters in 47 potential ingroup taxa and one outgroup taxon. Of the 48 species previously considered valid in the subfamily, only one, Centromochlus steindachneri, was not evaluated in the present study. The phylogenetic analysis generated two most parsimonious trees, each with 202 steps, that support the monophyly of Centromochlinae composed of five valid genera: Glanidium, Gephyromochlus, Gelanoglanis, Centromochlus and Tatia. Although those five genera form a clade sister to the monotypic Pseudotatia, we exclude Pseudotatia from Centromochlinae. The parsimony analysis placed Glanidium (six species) as the sister group to all other species of Centromochlinae. Gephyromochlus contained a single species, Gephyromochlus leopardus, that is sister to the clade Gelanoglanis (five species) + Centromochlus (eight species). -
Seeds and Plants Imported
y ... - Issued July 26, 191$ U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY OF SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED BY THE OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM JULY 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1915. (No. 44; Nos. 4089G TO 41314.) "WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1918. Issued July 26,1918. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. WILLIAM A. TAYLOR, Chief of Bureau. INVENTORY OF SEEDS AND PLANTS IMPORTED OFFICE OF FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION DURING THE PERIOD FROM JULY 1 TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1915. (No. 44; Nos. 40896 TO 41314.) WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1918. BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY. Chief of Bureau, WILLIAM A. TAYLOR. Associate Chief of Bureau, KARL P. KELLBRMAN. Officer in Charge of Publications, J. E. ROCKWELL, Chief Clerk, JAMES E. JONES. FOREIGN SEED AND PLANT INTRODUCTION. SCIENTIFIC STAPF. David Fairchild, Agricultural Explorer in Charge, P. H. Dorsett, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Plant Introduction Field Stations. B. T. Galloway, Plant Pathologist, in Charge of Plant Protection and Plant Propagation. Peter Bisset, Plant Introducer, in Charge of Foreign Plant Distribution. Frank N. Meyer, Wilson Popenoe, and F. C. Reimer, Agricultural Explorers. H. C. Skeels, S. C. Stuntz, and R. A. Young, Botanical Assistants. Henry E. Allanson, D. A. Bisset, R. N. Jones, P. G. Russell, and G. P. Van Eseltine, Scientific Assistants. Robert L. Beagles, Superintendent, Plant Introduction Field Station, Chico, Cal. E. O. Orpet, Assistant in Plant Introduction. Edward Simmonds, Superintendent, Plant Introduction Field Station, Miami, Fla. John M. Rankin, Superintendent, Yarrow Plant Introduction Field Station, Rockville, Md. -
Assessment of Suspended Sediment Discharge in the Purus River Basin, Brazil
International Journal of River Basin Management ISSN: 1571-5124 (Print) 1814-2060 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/trbm20 Assessment of suspended sediment discharge in the Purus River basin, Brazil Marcelo Latuf & Eufran Amaral To cite this article: Marcelo Latuf & Eufran Amaral (2016) Assessment of suspended sediment discharge in the Purus River basin, Brazil, International Journal of River Basin Management, 14:4, 413-429, DOI: 10.1080/15715124.2016.1215322 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2016.1215322 Accepted author version posted online: 03 Aug 2016. Published online: 23 Aug 2016. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 67 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=trbm20 Download by: [CAPES] Date: 06 October 2016, At: 13:49 INTL. J. RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT, 2016 VOL. 14, NO. 4, 413–429 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2016.1215322 RESEARCH PAPER Assessment of suspended sediment discharge in the Purus River basin, Brazil Marcelo Latufa and Eufran Amaralb aNature Science Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Brazil; bBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Rio Branco, Brazil ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Having a river basin as the study site, it is of fundamental importance to comprehend the sediment Received 6 November 2015 dynamics of river systems, in order to diagnose and understand them, aiming to carry out Accepted 17 July 2016 predictions. The observance of the sediment supply carried by the river systems is related to the KEYWORDS erosion, transport and deposition, through rainfall and dynamic land use and cover in hillside Hydrossedimentology; environments. -
Linking REDD+ to Support Brazil's Climate Goals and Implementation
FOREST TRENDS PUBLIC-PRIVATE FINANCE INITIATIVE NOVEMBER 2016 Linking REDD+ to Support Brazil’s Climate Goals and Implementation of the Forest Code Rupert Edwards SUPPORTERS About Forest Trends Forest Trends works to conserve forests and other ecosystems through the creation and wide adoption of a broad range of environmental finance, markets and other payment and incentive mechanisms. Forest Trends does so by: 1) providing transparent information on ecosystem values, finance, and markets through knowledge acquisition, analysis, and dissemination; 2) convening diverse coalitions, partners, and communities of practice to promote environmental values and advance development of new markets and payment mechanisms; and 3) demonstrating successful tools, standards, and models of innovative finance for conservation. About Forest Trends’ Public-Private Finance Initiative Conserving forest and ecosystems and transforming land use at scale to sustainable low-emissions production systems requires substantial investment. Our Public-Private Finance Initiative is strategically focused on creating architectures that increase the amount of capital flowing to land use practices which reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation, improve the productivity of agricultural and livestock systems, and enhance live- lihoods of rural populations. Linking REDD+ to Support Brazil’s Climate Goals and Implementation of the Forest Code Rupert Edwards November 2016 SUPPORTERS Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge Ruben Lubowski (Environmental Defense Fund), Ronaldo Seroa da Motta (Earth Innovation Institute and State University of Rio de Janeiro), and Josh Gregory (Forest Trends) for their anal- ysis and review for this paper. We would also like to thank David Tepper, Director of Forest Trends’ Public-Private Finance Initiative, and Michael Jenkins, President and CEO of Forest Trends, for their guidance. -
Inventory Hints at the Future of African Forests
News & views types. This includes climate-driven types of Ecology forest such as the Atlantic coastal evergreen forest in Gabon, which harbours tree spe- cies that prefer cool, dark areas for the dry season. Another grouping, semi-deciduous Inventory hints at the forest, is found along the northern margin of the Central African region studied, and is future of African forests characterized by species that can tolerate higher rates of water loss to the atmosphere Marion Pfeifer & Deo D. Shirima (evapotranspiration). Such spatial variability in the species com- An analysis of six million trees reveals spatial patterns in the position of Central African rainforests has vulnerability of Central African rainforests to climate change many implications. For example, it will affect and human activities. The maps generated could be used to forest vulnerability to climate change, how warming might interact with human pressures guide targeted actions across national boundaries. See p.90 to change biodiversity, and how it might affect the potential of these forests to mitigate the rise in atmospheric carbon. Global warming is Preserving the biodiversity of rainforests, and used approaches such as ecological niche projected to result in a drier, hotter environ- limiting the effects of climate change on them, models, which are mechanistic or correla- ment in Central Africa, and previous research are global challenges that are recognized in tive models that relate field observations of has suggested potentially dangerous impli- international policy agreements and commit- species with environmental variables to cations for the fate of the rainforests there8. ments1. The Central African rainforests are the predict habitat suitability. -
World Wildlife Fund
WWF 9 WORLD WILDLIFE FUND SEMI-ANNUAL TECHNICAL PROGRESS REPORT USAID Grant #512-G-OO-96-00041 Protected Areas & Sustainable Resource Management Amazon Development Policy Capacity Building October 1, 2001 to March 31, 2002 Component I- Protected Areas Jau National Park Highlights • Three new species recorded for Jaii -A Ph.D. research study conducted by FVA staff member Sergio Borges registered three species ofbirds new to the Jaii National Park: SeiuntS novaboracensis, Miyopagisflaviventris, and Nonnula amaurocephala. The latter is a species very rarely recorded in the Amazon. The bird inventory of Jaii National Park is now one of the best known in the entire Brazilian Amazon, as it is the only one in existence that has been maintained systematically over an uninterrupted ten-year period. • FVA receives Environmental Award - Ms. Muriel Saragoussi, representing FVA activities in the Jaii National Park, was one offive recipients ofthe Claudia Magazine Award for her contributions to nature conservation. Claudia Magazine is the most important weekly publication in Brazil dedicated to women. The award targets women who have made significant contributions in the areas ofhealth, education, social entrepreneurship, and the environment. Progress Windows on Biodiversity Project - With the conclusion ofits third phase last semester, the project entered its fourth and final phase, and will focus on the monitoring and evaluation ofthe results attained, as well as on the publication ofmaterials for dissemination. In this last phase, the project will continue to carry out the field expedition program. In February, FVA implemented an internal planning process where decisions were reached on the 2002 work plan and on coordination ofthe thematic areas ofthe project. -
Chapter 3 Latin America
MI OPEN BOOK PROJECT World Geography Brian Dufort, Sally Erickson, Matt Hamilton, David Soderquist, Steve Zigray World Geography The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC-BY-NC-SA) license as part of Michigan’s participation in the national #GoOpen movement. This is version 1.4.4 of this resource, released in August 2018. Information on the latest version and updates are available on the project homepage: http://textbooks.wmisd.org/dashboard.html Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike CC BY-NC-SA ii The Michigan Open Book About the Authors - 6th Grade World Geography Project Brian Dufort Shepherd Public Schools Odyssey MS/HS Project Manager: Dave Johnson, Brian is originally from Midland, MI and is a graduate of Northern Michigan University. Wexford-Missaukee Intermediate School He has spent his entire teaching career at Odyssey Middle/High School, an alternative education program in the Shepherd Public School system. In 2001, his environmental District studies class was one of seven programs from the United States and Canada to be chosen as a winner of the Sea World/Busch Gardens Environmental Excellence 6th Grade Team Editor: Amy Salani, Award. Brian is also the Northern Conference director of the Michigan Alternative Ath- Wexford-Missaukee Intermediate School District 6th Grade Content Editor: Carol Egbo Sally Erickson Livonia Public Schools 6th Grade World Geography Authors Cooper Upper Elementary Sally has taught grades 3-6, as well as special education. She has served as Brian Dufort, Shepherd Public Schools a district literacy leader for many years and participated in the Galileo Lead- ership Academy in 2001-03. -
Mansonella Ozzardi in Brazil: Prevalence of Infection in Riverine Communities in the Purus Region, in the State of Amazonas
74 Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 104(1): 74-80, February 2009 Mansonella ozzardi in Brazil: prevalence of infection in riverine communities in the Purus region, in the state of Amazonas Jansen Fernandes Medeiros1/+, Victor Py-Daniel2, Ulysses Carvalho Barbosa2, Thiago Junqueira Izzo3 1Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ciências da Saúde 2Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Humanas e Sociais 3Coordenação de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, CP 478, 69011-970 Manaus, AM, Brasil This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi infection and to estimate the parasitic infection rate (PIR) in simuliid black flies in the municipality of Pauini, Amazonas, Brazil. We used thick blood films to examine 921 individuals in 35 riverine communities along the Pauini and Purus Rivers. Simuliids were caught in several communities. Flies were identified, stained with haematoxylin and dissected. Overall, 44 (24.86%) of 177 riverines were infected in communities on the Pauini River and 183 (24.19%) of 744 on the Purus. The preva- lence was higher in men (31.81% and 29.82%) than in women (17.98% and 19.18%) and occurred in most age groups. The prevalence increased sharply in the 28-37 (50% and 42.68%) age group and increased in the older age classes. The highest prevalence was in farmers (44% and 52.17%, respectively) in the Pauini and Purus Rivers. Only Cer- queirellum amazonicum (Simuliidae) transmits M. ozzardi in this municipality, and we found a PIR of 0-8.43% and infectivity rate of 0-3.61%. These results confirm that rates of M. -
River Network Rearrangements in Amazonia Shake Biogeography and Civil Security
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 10 September 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201809.0168.v1 River Network Rearrangements in Amazonia Shake Biogeography and Civil Security Authors K Ruokolainen1,2*, G Massaine Moulatlet2,3, G Zuquim2, C Hoorn3,4, H Tuomisto2 Affiliations 1 Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland. 2 Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland. 3 Universidad Regional Amazónica IKIAM, km 7 Via Muyuna, Parroquia Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador. 4 Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands. *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Key words: avulsion, civil defence, dispersal barrier, flood, Rio Madeira, rain forest, species distribution Abstract The scene for regional biogeography and human settlements in Central Amazonia is set by the river network, which presumably consolidated in the Pliocene. However, we present geomorphological and sediment chronological data showing that the river network has been anything but stable. Even during the last 50 kyr, the tributary relationships have repeatedly changed for four major rivers, together corresponding to one third of the discharge of the Amazon. The latest major river capture event converted the Japurá from a tributary of the Rio Negro to a tributary of the Amazon only 1000 years ago. Such broad-scale lability implies that rivers cannot have been as efficient biogeographical dispersal barriers as has generally been assumed, but that their effects on human societies can have been even more profound. Climate change and deforestation scenarios predict increasing water levels during peak floods, which will likely increase the risk of future river avulsions. -
An Amazon Without Boundaries This Is How We Go About Saving the World’S Biggest Rainforest
Photo:: Jørgen Braastad Jørgen Photo:: An Amazon without boundaries This is how we go about saving the world’s biggest rainforest Rainforest Foundation Norway has worked together with indigenous people to protect rainforest in the Amazon since 1989. In 2007, this work gained considerable momentum when we received support from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs for our ambitious initiative “Rights-based sustainable management of large contiguous territories in the Amazon”. This document (2012) introduces our work and rapid economic growth as an incentive and presents some of its results. First of all, however, economically powerful Brazil as a driver, IIRSA we would like to briefly explain why we wanted to has become a platform for the linking together undertake this initiative. of geographically remote areas and an increase in energy production within the Amazon region. The rainforest is under Roads are being built through areas where travel attack from all sides … was once possible only by river, on foot, by plane or by helicopter. Grand plans of hydroelectric The pressure on the Amazon rainforest has power projects threaten to submerge forest under increased considerably over the last few years. water and displace its inhabitants. This pressure arises to a large extent from the political ambitions of the countries within The development of infrastructure makes it the Amazon region. The Initiative for the possible to exploit natural resources in forest Integration of the Regional Infrastructure in which so far has been difficult to access and has South America (IIRSA) is an illustrative example therefore, to a large extent, been protected from of the policies that threaten the rainforest.