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East Isn't East | Norient.Com 27 Sep 2021 19:01:49 East Isn't East | norient.com 27 Sep 2021 19:01:49 East Isn't East by Thomas Burkhalter Indische, pakistanische und bengalische Musiker in England ziehen sich entweder in eine ghettoähnliche Parallelwelt zurück, oder sie suchen den Durchbruch im «weissen» England. Inder lieben Curry und pflegen mit ihren Miss-Universe-Beauties Kamasutra. Sie offerieren kulinarische Köstlichkeiten, Räucherstäbchen wie Sitarmusik und ziehen sich stets bescheiden zurück – zum Meditieren natürlich. Wäre ich 7000 Kilometer weiter östlich, ich würde eine Postkarte vom Taj Mahal schicken, mit einer Kuh drauf vielleicht. Essenzielles schriebe ich: «Indien = Farben, Gerüche und Religion» – doch lassen wir das Spiel mit Stereotypen. Regen, Regen – die nasse Insel also ist kein Klischee – und Regen. Ich bin in Southall, dem asiatischen Viertel in der Anflugschneise zu London Heathrow. «Asians to bomb London» und «Have you ever sampled an Indian?» steht auf den Flyern, die mir Bobby Friction, britisch-indischer Sikh ohne Turban (dafür mit Stachelfrisur), zusteckt. «Eine Medienoffensive von Outcaste Records aus dem Jahre 1996», grinst er auf den Stockzähnen. Und: «Wir Asiaten werden Grossbritannien kulturell übernehmen – gewaltfrei natürlich. England wird für seine kolonialen Schandtaten zahlen. In zweihundert Jahren werden sich England und Indien kulturell nicht mehr unterscheiden, die Engländer indische Sprachen sprechen.» «The New Asian Kool», «Asian-produced second-generation pop», «The Asian Breakbeat Culture» und «Asian https://norient.com/stories/eastisnteast Page 1 of 20 East Isn't East | norient.com 27 Sep 2021 19:01:49 Underground»: Namen über Namen gab das 96er Buch der University of London «Dis-Orienting Rhythms – the Politics of the New Asian Dance Music» der inexistenten britisch-asiatischen Musikszene: «Zu politisch und theoretisch», meckert DJ Ritu, Britin indischer Herkunft. «Nicht alle Asiaten machen politische Musik.» Zudem zeige das Buch nur einen Ausschnitt: «Unsere Generation besteht nicht nur aus ‹Asian Dub Foundation›, ‹Joi› oder ‹Fun’da’mental›. Jeder von uns konstruiert eine eigenständige Identität und organisiert die Musik der Elternkultur und der britischen Heimat auf vielfältigste Art und Weise. Wir sind Individuen.» Sommer 98, Herbst 99 und Frühling 2000. Dreimal London. Dreimaliges Eintauchen in die britisch-asiatische Musikwelt, die zurzeit auf einer Erfolgswelle reitet: Verträge bei westlichen Megalabels, Talvin Singhs Auszeichnung mit dem begehrten britischen Mercury Music Award, seine Absage auf Blairs Labour-Parteitag-Einladung, «Cornershops» Nummer-1- Sommerhit «Brimful of Asha» und die begeisternden «Asian Dub Foundation» sind einige Highlights der letzten Jahre. Was ergeben meine Recherchen, Interviews und Freundschaften? Es besteht ein nicht fassbares Beziehungsgeflecht zwischen Solidarität, Intrige und Neid. Zudem scheint die Frage «Kommerzieller Erfolg ja oder nein?» zentral. «Erfolg habe zu tun mit verkauften Einheiten, sagen die Leute. Ich frage, verkauft McDonald’s den besten Food der Welt?», mokiert sich Aki Nawaz, pakistanischer Brite, Chef von Nation Records und der Gruppe «Fun’da’mental» und einst Mitglied der legendären Punktruppe «The Cult». «Die Sucht nach kommerziellen Erfolgen droht unsere eigentliche Botschaft zu ruinieren. Zu viele Musiker münzen den Trend nach britisch-asiatischer Musik in schnelles Geld um. Sie befriedigen die Indien-Träume der Westler – genau dagegen kämpfen wir seit Jahren an. Ich sorge mich um unsere bald 10-jährige Bewegung.» https://norient.com/stories/eastisnteast Page 2 of 20 East Isn't East | norient.com 27 Sep 2021 19:01:49 Ein Blick zurück: Jahrelang haben die asiatischen Immigranten Englands indische Kunstmusik, Hindi-Filmsongs (Bollywood), Light Ghazals, ins Hindi oder Punjabi übertragene Lieder von «Abba» bis Madonna oder westliche Popmusik interpretiert und konsumiert. Bhangra – ursprünglich Volksmusik aus dem Punjab, geprägt durch die pulsierenden Rhythmen der Dhol- Trommel – kann als erste eigenständige kulturelle Weiterentwicklung der Einwanderer gesehen werden. Sie wird mit westlichen Musikelementen durchsetzt und nimmt neuste Strömungen auf: Bhangra Beat, Rock Bhangra, House Bhangra, Ragga Bhangra… Gespielt wird diese Musik lediglich an privaten Partys und Hochzeiten, bleibt so in den asiatischen «Ghettos» – und das «weisse» England nimmt sie nicht wahr. Ihre Industrie aber blüht; Kassetten Hunderter von Bands werden in Mengen abgesetzt, die ihre Produzenten locker in die nationalen Charts hievten – würden die britischen Verkaufskanäle sie registrieren. Bhangra ist eine Schattenkultur, das erlebe ich im Oktober 99 beim Auftritt des erfolgreichen Panjabi MC im Londoner Club «The Complex». Ich fühle mich als Exote an einem asiatischen Event. Als einziger Weisser erlebe ich das ausgelassene Fest mit. Der in den 80er Jahren gestartete Versuch, Bhangra der englischen Bevölkerung näher zu bringen, ist offensichtlich gescheitert. Individualität wider Tradition Die Musiker des Asian Underground – der Einfachheit halber wird dieser Begriff hier verwendet – setzen sich andere Ziele. Seit einem knappen Jahrzehnt suchen sie den Durchbruch im «weissen» England und streben von ihren als Ghettos empfundenen Communities weg. Aus dem enormen https://norient.com/stories/eastisnteast Page 3 of 20 East Isn't East | norient.com 27 Sep 2021 19:01:49 musikalischen Angebot – der fernen elterlichen Heimat, der nahen Diaspora und der «Weltkultur» – mischen sie einen eigenen Sound. «Cornershop» etwa machen Rockmusik, ersetzen allerdings die Gitarre durch die Sitar; Talvin Singh synthetisiert traditionelle Tabla-Trommeln mit elektronischen Beats; «Fun’da’mental» schreien ihren Zorn und ihre Forderung nach einer gerechteren Welt – subito – mit ohrenbetäubender Punkmusik ins Publikum, zeigen mit den sanften Tönen eines pakistanischen Qawwali-Sängers aber auch Alternativen auf. Andere – zum Beispiel «ADF» – schreien mit Slogans wie «The Land ist ours» und «We have taken the Power» politische Anliegen ins Publikum. Sie zerschlagen Stereotypen (etwa «sanftmütige, friedvolle Asiaten») mit cooler, lauter oder aggressiver Musik. Ihr Motto: Asiaten sind keine exotischen Wesen. Sie machen Pop, Rock, Punk und elektronische Musik, ohne ihre kulturellen Wurzeln zu verleugnen. Erstes Fazit: Eine Verbindung zwischen den Protagonisten ist nur über Kriterien wie Hautfarbe, Herkunft oder Religion möglich und der Tatsache, dass die Musiker beinahe ausnahmslos das fehlende Selbstbewusstsein vieler Asiaten Grossbritanniens nicht hinnehmen wollen. Ein Phänomen, so Nitin Sawhney, das aus der kolonialen Geschichte Indiens herrührt: «Ohne sie wäre alles anders. Eurozentrismus und Arroganz der Engländer sind Schuld an unseren Minderwertigkeitsgefühlen. Seit den 80er Jahren wollen wir darüber hinwegkommen. Deshalb mache ich Musik. Musik hilft mir, meine Identität als asiatischer Brite zu finden.» Nirgends «Smashing Stereotypes» https://norient.com/stories/eastisnteast Page 4 of 20 East Isn't East | norient.com 27 Sep 2021 19:01:49 Von der Theorie ins Leben. «Asian Underground» ist trendy. Gutes Geld ist zu verdienen, Ideale fliegen über Bord. Mai 2000, «Stoned Asia-Night» im Dogstar, Brixton. Unser altes Indien-Bild flimmert über die Wände: Unterernährte vor idyllischen Landschaften, das Übliche. Bobby Friction ist angewidert: «Immer wieder missbrauchen einige Musiker koloniale Bilder als Instrumente zum Erfolg. Wir sollten damit aufhören, das Klischeegefühl der Westler mit Exotischem zu untermauern. Heute leben wir auf dem Territorium unserer Kolonialmacht, Provokation ist unsere Aufgabe. Es gibt zwei Wege, Menschen zu überzeugen: Entweder du lässt ihnen ihre Klischees oder du zeigst dem ehemaligen Unterdrücker die Faust.» Die CD-Verkäufe in Grossbritannien sind bescheiden – darüber täuschen die Erfolge auf dem europäischen Kontinent hinweg. «Britannien will keine asiatischen Popstars», ist zu hören. Musikindustrie und Medien seien rassistisch, nicht bereit für farbige Rollenmodelle. Quoten für Titelstorys über asiatische Bands existierten bis heute. Johnny Kalsi, Trommler von «Transglobal Underground» und «Afro Celt Sound System», lacht: «Ich könnte ein Sexgott sein. Mit Turban und Bart aber habe ich keinen Platz in der Hitparade.» Dann streckt er mir sein Zungenpiercing entgegen. «Die weisse Band ‹Kula Shaker› erreichte mit asiatischen Sounds die Charts – no chance for an Asian mit demselben Stück. Die Hautfarbe zählt.» Schuld daran tragen die Protagonisten indes auch selber. Querelen zwischen Asian- Underground- und Bhangra-Musikern darüber, wer mehr für die eigene Kultur tue, verhindern Kooperationen. Asian-Underground-Musiker äussern sich süffisant über die «billigen Sounds» und «rückständigen asiatischen Festlichkeiten» der Bhangra-Welt, welche ihrerseits die Protagonisten des Asian Underground abschätzig als «Coconuts» – aussen braun, innen weiss – apostrophiert und des kulturellen Ausverkaufs bezichtigt. So bleibt der Asian Underground eine Bewegung ohne «Asian Followers» – das sagt nicht nur Mush, Rapper der Gruppe «Fun’da`mental». Wer in Southall, Brick Lane oder Green Street nach Asian Underground fragt, stösst auf Unwissen: «Ist das eine neue U-Bahn-Station?» Allerdings scheint sich ein Wandel abzuzeichnen. «Nachdem ich auf einem asiatischen Radiosender Asian Underground gespielt hatte» – so Bobby Friction -, «lief der Draht heiss: Die Kids wollten wissen, wo diese Musik zu kaufen sei. Dieses Unwissen also haben auch die asiatischen Medien zu verantworten, die uns noch immer keinen Platz einräumen.»
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