APPENDIX I Products and Manufacturers

1. Barium products A. Upper G I tract a. E-Z-HD (E-Z-Em). Contains 98% barium sulfate (340 g), simethicone, and other additives; addition of 65 ml of water pro• duces 135 ml of suspension of 85% w/w or 250% w/v b. Liquid Sol-O-Pake (E-Z-Em), 45% w/w or 72% w/v barium sulfate suspension c. HD 200 Plus (E-Z-Em)-225% w/v. d. Novopaque, 40% w/w or 60% w/v barium sulfate suspension with sodium saccharine flavouring. This is a pre-mixed liquid bar• ium in 355 ml cans or 3.71 litre containers. e. Micropaque 92% w/v. No longer available in Canada. f. Polibarpowder. (E-Z-Em) Supplied in a 100-gjug; suspension from 27% w/w to 50% w/w can be obtained with appropriate quan• tity of water g. Baricon (E-Z-Em). Contains 95% barium sulfate (340 g). Addi• tion of 70 ml of water produces 83 w /w suspension B. Small bowel a. Ultra-R (E-Z-Em), 95% barium sulfate powder with simethi• cone and additives. Can be diluted to 45%, 50%, 55%, or 60% w/w (72%-110% w/v) b. Enterobar (E-Z-Em), 50% w/v barium suspension C. Double-contrast colon a. HD85 (E-Z-Em), 85% w/v suspension (2000 ml) b. Polibar Liquid (E-Z-Em), 55% w/w or 100% w/v barium sul• fate suspension (1900 m1) c. Liquid Polibar Plus (E-Z-Em), 57% w/w or 105% w/v sus• pension d. Colobar (E-Z-Em), 56% w/w or 100% w/v barium sulfate sus• pension (2000 ml) D. Single-contrast colon a. Polibar Liquid (E-Z-Em). Dilute 1 volume Polibar Liquid with 5 volumes of water to obtain 15.4% w/w or 17.5% w/v sus• pension b. Baroperse Enema Kit (E-Z-Em). Contains 340 g Barosperse c. Unibar 100 (E-Z-Em), 56% w/w or 100% w/v barium sulfate suspension (2000 m1) 222 Appendix I: Products and Manufacturers

d. Unibar 110 (E-Z-Em), 60% w/w or 110% w/v suspension (2000 ml) E. Barium suspension for CT a. Baro-cat (E-Z-Em), 1.5% w/w barium suspension b. E-Z-Cat (E-Z-Em), 4.5% w/w concentration; dilutes to 1.1% w/w suspension (225 m}) c. Readi-Cat (E-Z-Em), 1.2% w/w barium sulfate suspension (450 ml, 2000 m}) d. Esopho-Cat (E-Z-Em), 3% w/w barium sulfate paste for coating of 2. Water-soluble contrast for upper GI tract in adults only (very dan- gerous in children) a. Gastrografin (adults only) b. Hypaque (Winthrop) c. Renografin (Squibb) d. Omnipaque (Winthrop) e. Isovue (Squibb) f. Ioxyglate, Hexabrix (Mallinckrodt) g. Hypaque powder for oral CT contrast (Winthrop) 3. Effervescent Tablets a. E-Z-Gas2, effervescent granules (E-Z-Em). Contain sodium bicarbonate 2.21 g, citric acid 1.53 g, simethicone 0.02 g; produce no less than 400 ml CO2 b. Unik-Zoru, tablets or granules (E-Z-Em). Produce 280 ILg of gas per dose c. Baros, granules (E-Z-Em) 4. Methylcellulose a. Enterocel (E-Z-Em), 500-ml concentration of methylcellulose b. MC (E-Z-Em), 1% w/v hydroxypropylmethylcellulose so• lution 5. Enteroclysis catheters a. Maglinte enteroclysis catheter (Cook Inc, E-Z-Em), 155 cm x 13 French catheter with balloon and torque cable b. Gianturco catheter (Cook Inc.). Has flexible guide for stiffen• ing and torque control c. Bilbao Dotter catheter (Cook Inc.). Has a curved tip for direc• tional control. 12 and 14 Fr available in various lengths d. Muller catheter. (Cook Inc.) Has variable curve tip control 6. Enema tubes and tips Various enema bags with various sizes, tips with and without cuff are supplied by E-Z-Em. Cuffs should not be used in children 7. Film. a. T-Mat L Film (Eastman Kodak) b. Cronex 7 Film (Dupont) c. High-Ortho Film (Konica) d. Fuji Xray Film (Fuji)

Various products are available that are suitable for examination of the . This appendix lists only the products with which the authors have clinical experience. APPENDIX II Further Reading

1. Margulis AR, Burhenne HJ, eds (1988). Alimentary Tract , 4th Ed. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby. 2. Meyers MA (1986). Computed of the Gastrointestinal Tract including the Peritoneal Cavity and Mesentery. New York: Springer• Verlag. 3. Gelfand DW (1984). Gastrointestinal Radiology: Performing and Interpret• ing Fluoroscopic Examinations. New York: Churchill Livingstone. 4. Kelvin FM, Gardiner R (1987). Clinical Imaging of the Colon and . New York: Raven Press. 5. Laufer I, ed (1979). Double Contrast Gastrointestinal Radiology, with Endoscopic Correlation. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. 6. Nolan JD (1980). The Double Contrast Barium Meal: a Radiological Atlas. Aylesbury: HM & M. 7. Hunt RH, Waye JD (1981). : Technique, Clinical Practice and Colour Atlas. London: Chapman and Hall. 8. Blackstone MO (1984). Endoscopic Interpretation: Normal and Pathologic Appearances of the Gastrointestinal Tract. New York: Raven Press. 9. Cotton PB, Williams CB (1984). Practical Gastrointestinal . Ox• ford: Blackwell Scientific. 10. Nahum H, Fekete F, margulis AR (1976). Radiology of the Postoperative Digestive Tract, Trans AE Oestreich. New York: Masson. 11. Binelson J. Castell DO (1988). Disease-A-Month. Esophageal Motility Dis• orders, Vol. 34(6). Chicago: YearBook Medical Publications. 12. Oudkerk M (1981). Infusion rate in enteroclysis examination. Thesis. Lei• den, The Netherlands: Leiden University. 13. Megibow AJ, Balthazar JE, eds (1986). Computed Tomography of the Gastrointestinal Tract. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby 14. Felson B (1976). Roentgenology of the and Biliary Tract. Or• lando: Grune and Stratton. 15. Shirakabe H (1971). Double Contrast Studies of the . Tokyo: Bun• rodo Co. Ltd. 16. Op Den Orth JO (1979). The Standard Biphasic Contrast Examination of the Stomach and Duodenum (Series in Radiology: Radiological examina• tion of the GI tract). The Hague: M. Nijhoff. 17. Simpkins KC, ed (1988). The alimentary tract: the hollow organs and sali• vary glands. In: A Textbook of Radiological Diagnosis, 5th Ed, Vol. 4. London: HK Lewis. 18. Sherlock S (1981). Diseases of the and Biliary System, 6th Ed. Ox• ford: Blackwell Scientific. 224 Appendix II: Further Reading

19. Fishman EK, Jones B (1988). Computed Tomography of the Gastrointesti• nal Tract. New York: Churchill Livingstone. 20. Ponsky JL, Gauderer MWL, Stellato TA, Aszodi A (1985). Percutaneous approaches to enteral alimentation. Am J Surg 149:102-115. 21. Farrar CW (1979). Patterns of and their implications for barium enema . Med Radiogr Photogr 55:1-28. Index

A 145-146 in computed tomography, Acidified barium in products for, 222 198 esophageal examination, tips for technologists, Bilbao Dotter enteroclysis 29 213-215 catheter, 222 Air enema, 84-85 tubes and tips for, 222 modified, 48, 138 Air insufflation Barium kitchen, 212-213 Biliary tract in computed tomography of Barium meal, 3-24 cholaniography colon, 201-202 contraindications and operative and in double-contrast barium precautions in, 4 postoperati ve, 172-173 enema, 64 double-contrast percutaneous transhepatic, in children, 153 in children, 129-134 182-188 in double-contrast in small bowel studies, 47 cholangiopancreatography, enteroclysis, 56 duodenum in, 16-24 endoscopic retrograde, in , 193 esophagus in, 6-8 188-192 Air reduction of indications for, 3-4 , oral, intussusception in materials for, 4 169-172 children, 148 patient preparation in, 5-6 sonography, pediatric, 113 Anastomotic leaks, problems in, 23-24 sphincterotomy, 190-192 postoperative colon products for, 221 stent placement, 192 studies in, 99 single-contrast, in children, Biopsy of liver, 173-182 , postoperative 123-128 percutaneous, 173-177 colon studies in, 102 in small bowel studies, contraindications for, 174 Aspiration of barium 43-47. See also Small indications for, 173-174 fatigue, in childhood, 128 bowel studies, barium patient preparation in, 174 in swallowing study, meal in postprocedure care in, 177 117 stomach in, 8-15 procedure in, 174-177 swallowing function transjugular, 177-182 evaluation in, 38-39 contraindications and B Barium products, 221 precautions in, 177-178 Balloon paddle as compression for computed tomography, indications for, 177 device, 80 222 patient preparation in, 178 Baricon,221 double-contrast colon, technique of~ 178-182 Barium enema 221-222 Biopty gun in percutaneous double-contrast, 61-78 single-contrast colon, 222 , 175 in children, 152-155 small bowel, 221 Bupivacaine, 220 products for, 221-222 upper tract, 221 in percutaneous transhepatic and reflux small bowel Baro-Cat, 222 , 182 study, 57-58 Baroperse Enema Kit, Buscopan, 218-219 222 in barium enema in children, 142-143, Baros granules, 4, 222 examinations, 78, 83 226 Index

Buscopan (cant.) Colonoscopy,87-93 in operative in computed tomography compression techniques in, cholangiography, 172 of , 206 89-93 in percutaneous trans hepatic of stomach and ascending colon to cecum, cholangiography, 184 duodenum, 199 92-93 Diazemuls, 188, 220 in duodenography, 16 hepatic flexure, 91-92 Diazepam, 219-220 sigmoid colon, 88-90 in endoscopic retrograde splenic flexure, 90 cholangiopancreatogra• transverse colon, 90-91 phy, 188 C contraindications for, 87 in percutaneous trans hepatic Carbon dioxide enema, 85 indications for, 87 cholangiography, 182 Carbon dioxide insufflation in patient preparation in, 62, 88 respiratory repression from, double-contrast barium postoperative, in cancer and reversal of, 36, 220 enema, 78 polyp follow-up, in small bowel enema Carboxymethylcellulose 102-103 preparation, 53 solution in small bowel procedure in, 88 Doppler sonography, enema, 138 in children, and pediatric, 114 Chest pain, esophageal postoperative Double-contrast barium examination in, 29 loopagrams, 150-151 enema, 61-78 Childhood. See Pediatric Colostomy enema, 101-102 in childhood, 152-155. See procedures Communication with patients also Pediatric Chilled barium and staff, 210-211 procedures, in esophageal examination, Compression double-contrast barium 21,29 in colonoscopy, 88-93 enema in small bowel examination, devices for colon, 80 products for, 221-222 44 of duodenum, 17 Double-contrast barium meal Cholangiography small bowel, 44, 136 operative, 172 in childhood, 129-134. See Computed tomography, also Pediatric percutaneous trans hepatic, 196-206 procedures, 182-188 barium suspension for, 222 double-contrast barium complications of, 188 colon and rectum in, meal contraindications and 201-202 duodenum in, 16-19 precautions in, 183 esophagus in, 197-198 esophagus in, 6-8, 21-23 indications for, 182 liver in, 203 small bowel in, 47 materials for, 182 pancreas in, 203-206 stomach in, 8-15 patient preparation in, pelvis in, 203 Double-contrast small bowel 183 small bowel in, 200-201 enema, 51-52 procedure in, 183-188 postoperative, 172-173 stomach and duodenum in, Drugs used in radiology 198-200 departrnent,217-220 Cholangiopancreatography, Dulcolax in barium enema endoscopic retrograde, preparation, 62 188-192 in children, 145, 152 diagnostic, 188-190 D Duodenography, hypotonic, and sphincterotomy, Decubitus films, 214-215 16-24 190-192 , 93-99 Duodenum and stent placement, 192 in children, 155-158 barium meal studies, 16- Cholecystography, oral, contraindications and 24 169-172 precautions in, 93 Buscopan injection in, 16 contraindications and indications for, 93 double-contrast, in precautions in, 170 materials for, 93 children, 129-134 indications for, 169-170 patient preparation in, 94 positioning of pad in, 17 materials for, 170 procedure in, 94-96 computed tomography of, patient preparation in, 170 throne for, 96-98 198-199 procedure in, 170-172 Demerol. See Meperidine hypotonic duodenography, Colobar, 222 Diatrizoate 16-24 Colon studies. See Large in computed tomography, postoperative examination bowel studies 197 of, 32-35 Index 227

Dysphagia, esophageal capsule transit time in, 29 stomadhesive for contrast examination in, 26-29 in chest pain, 29 leakage in, 168 in acute total dysphagia, 30 in children, 123-124 Flow technique in barium chilled barium in, 21, 29 stomach of stomach, 15 in dysphagia, 26-29, 30 Flumanzenil to reverse E and edrophonium test of respiratory depressant Edrophonium,219 motility, 29 effect of diazepam, 36, in esophageal motility in gastroesophageal reflux, 220 test, 29 24-25 Foreign body removal in Effervescent tablets, 222 in globus hystericus, children, 159-160 Endoscopy 25-26 colonoscopy,87-93 marshmallow study in, 27 gastrostomy, 195-196 computed tomography of~ in retrograde G 197-198 Gallbladder disease. See cholangiopancreatogra• foreign body removal in Biliary tract phy, 188-192 children, 159-160 , flexible, Gastroesophageal reflux gastrografin study in barium meal examination in 85-87 perforation, 30 children, 127-128 upper tract, 3, 4, 35-38 tube esophagram, 30-32 diagnostic technique in, pediatric sonography in, 112 in tracheoesophageal water siphon test in, 24-25 36-37 fistula in children, 127 Gastrografin, 221 intubation in, 37 video prone esophagram in sedation in, 36 in computed tomography, children, 128-129 197 withdrawal of endoscope in tracheoesophageal in, 37 in esophageal preforation fistula, 127 study, 30 Enema Evacuating proctography, in postoperative examination air, 84-85 93-99. See also of upper tract, 32 barium. See Barium enema Defecography Gastrostomy, 193-196 carbon dioxide, 85 E-Z-Cat, 222 endoscopic, 195-196 colostomy, 101-102 E-Z-Gas, 47, 222 radiological, 193-195 small bowel, 47-56. See also in computed tomography, Gel-Unix, 123 Small bowel studies, 198 Gianturco enteroclysis enema in E-Z-HD,221 catheter, 222 water-soluble, for neonates, in barium meal, 4 Globus hystericus, esophageal 142, 143-145 in double-contrast studies of examination in, 25-26 Enterobar, 221 upper tract, 130 Glucagon, 218 in small bowel enema, in barium meal examination, 48,54 78,83 Enteroclysis for small bowel in computed tomography examination, 47-56. See F of pancreas, 206 also Small bowel Feeding study in children, of stomach and studies, enema in 115-116 duodenum, 199 Enterocel, 222 Fentanyl, 219 in duodenography, 16 in small bowel enema, in endoscopy, 36 in endoscopy retrograde 48,54 in small bowel intubation, cholangiopancreatogra- Equipment, 211-213 48 phy,188 barium kitchen, 212-213 Fetal anomalies, and antenatal in peroral pneumocolon, 56 cassette holder, 215 sonography, 113 in reflux small bowel film/screen combination, Film for radiologic studies, enema, 58 211 223 Grid characteristics, 211 grid, 211 Film/screen combination, 211 in high-kV techniques, Fistula, tracheoesophageal, in 211-212 children Esopho-Cat, 222 tube esophagram in, 127 H Esophagus video prone esophagram in, HD 85, 80, 221 barium meal studies, 6-8 127, 128-129 in postoperative colon acidified barium in, 29 Fistulograms, 167-169 studies, 101 228 Index

HD 200 Plus, 221 J in appendectomy, 102 Hemicolectomy, postoperative Jamshidi needle in in cancer and polyp colon studies in, percutaneous liver follow-up, 102-103 100-101 biopsy, 174 in ileal pelvic pouch High-kV techniques, 80, Jugular vein puncture for assessment, 101 211-212 transjugular liver in ileocolic and colocolic Hypaque. See Diatrizoate biopsy, 178 anastomoses, 102 in ileus or obstruction, 99 in left hemicolectomy, 101 K loopograms in children, Kitchen for barium 150-151 I preparation, 212-213 in right hemicolectomy, Ileal pelvic pouch, 100-101 postoperative sigmoidoscopy, flexible, assessment of, 101 L 85-87 Ileus Large bowel studies single-contrast barium postoperative colon studies air enema, 84-85 enema, 78-83 in, 99 carbon dioxide enema, 85 in children, 142-143, and single-contrast enema in in children 145-146 children, 142 contrast enema in, compression devices Intestinal tube placement in 141-158 in, 80 children, 158-159 sonography in, 112-113 contraindications for, 80 Intubation colonoscopy, 87-93. See also indications for, 78-79 in endoscopy of upper Colonoscopy materials for, 80 tract, 37 computed tomography, patient preparation in, 80 intestinal tube placement in 201-202 postevacuation study children, 158-159 defecography, 93-99 in, 83 for small bowel enema, in children, 155-158 procedure in, 81-83 48-51 double-contrast barium products for, 222 in children, 139 enema, 61-78 Lateral rectum films, 214 Intussusception reduction in air insufflation in, 64 Lidocaine, 220 children, 142-143, carbon dioxide insufflation in gastrostomy, 193 146-150 in, 78 in percutaneous transhepatic Iohexol in children, 152-155 cholangiography, 182 in contrast meal for children, clearance of sigmoid colon in small bowel intubation, 139, 141 in, 64-65 48 in enema for neonates, 144 contraindications and Liquid Polibar, 221 in gastrostomy, 193 precautions in, 61 Liquid Sol-O-Pake, 221 in loopograms in children, examination technique in, Liver 151 68-72 biopsy of, 173-182. See also Iopamidol indications for, 61 Biopsy of liver in contrast meal for children, materials for, 61-62 percutaneous, 173-177 139, 141 normal anatomy in, 65-68 transjugular,177-182 in enema for neonates, 144 patient preparation in, 62 computed tomography of, in loopograms in children, [-olyethylene glycol 203 151 preparation in, 62-63 normal anatomy of, 185 Iopanoic acid in oral problems in, 78 transhepatic cholecystography, 170 products for, 221-222 cholangiography, Iothalamate meglumine in rectosigmoid examination percutaneous, 182-188 loopograms in children, in, 63-72 Loopograms of colon in 151 splenic flexure, hepatic childhood, 150-151 Ioxaglate as contrast medium flexure, and cecum in, Lower tract. See Large bowel for children 72-78 studies in contrast meal, 139-141 spot films in, 70-71 Lymphoid follicular pattern in in enema, 144 postoperative studies, double-contrast barium Ipodate in oral 99-102 enema studies in cholecystography, 170 in anastomotic leaks, 99 children, 155 Index 229

M for colonoscopy, 62, 88 pneumocolon, peroral, Maglinte enteroclysis catheter, for defecography, 94 136-137 54,222 for liver biopsy single-contrast barium meal, Marshmallow study in percutaneous, 174 123-128 dysphagia, 27 transjugular, 178 contraindications and Me solution, 222 for pediatric procedures precautions in, 123 Meperidine, 219 double-contrast barium fatigue aspiration in, 128 in endoscopic retrograde enema, 152-153 in hypertrophic pyloric cholangiopancreatogra• double-contrast barium stenosis, 127-128 phy, 188 meal,130 indications for, 123 in percutaneous transhepatic feeding study, 116 materials for, 123 cholangiography, 183 single-contrast barium patient preparation in, Mepivacaine, 220 meal,123 123 Methylcellulose, 222 small bowel enema, procedure in, 123-127 for double-contrast 138-139 in small bowel studies, esophagram, 23 sonography, 114-115 134-136 in small bowel enema, 48 for small bowel enema, 48 in tracheosophageal in children, 138 for small bowel meal, 43-44 fistula, 127 Metoclopramide, 217-218 for upper tract studies, 5-6 in varices, 128 in intestinal tube placement, Pediatric procedures, 107-160 single-contrast enema for 159 cholangiography, lower tract studies, in small bowel enema, 53 percutaneous 142-143 Micropaque, 221 transhepatic, 183 barium in, 145-146 Muller enteroclysis catheter, defecography, 155-158 water-soluble agents in, 222 double-contrast barium 143-145 enema, 152-155 single-contrast small bowel contraindications for, 152 meal N indications for, 152 barium in, 134-136 Novopaque, 221 lymphoid follicular water-soluble agents in, pattern in, 155 139-141 materials for, 152 small bowel enema, o patient preparation in, 137-139 Omnipaque. See Iohexol 152-153 contraindications and Operative cholangiography, procedures in, 153-155 precautions in, 138 172-173 double-contrast barium indications for, 138 Overhead films, 213 meal, 129-134 materials in, 138 contraindications and patient preparation in, precautions in, 130 138-139 p indications for, 129-130 small bowel meal, Pancreas materials for, 130 single-contrast cholangiopancreatiography, patient prepa.ration in, 130 barium in, 134-136 endoscopic retrograde, procedure in, 130-134 water-soluble agents in, 188-192 feeding study, 115-116 139-141 computed tomography of, foreign body removal, sonography, 107-115. See 203-206 159-160 also Sonography in Passavant ridge, 120 intestinal tube placement, pediatric examinations Patient preparation 158-159 speech study, 118-122 assessment by technologist, intussusception reduction, swallowing study, 117-118 210 146-150 upper tract examinations, for barium enema air in, 148 115-141 double-contrast, 62 barium in, 148-150 video prone esophagram, single-contrast, 80 contraindications and 127, 128-129 for cholangiography, precautions in, 146 Pelvis, computed tomography percutaneous materials for, 146 of,203 transhepatic, 183 procedure in, 148-150 Percutaneous for cholecystography, oral, 100pograms,150-151 cholangiography, 170 lower tract studies, 141-158 transhepatic, 182-188 230 Index

Percutaneous liver biopsy, Readi-Cat, 222 follow-through 173-177 Rectum examination in, 57 Perforation of esophagus, computed tomography of, indications for, 43 gastrografin study in, 30 201-202 paddle balloon in, 44 Pharmacology, 217-220 lateral rectum films, 214 patient preparation in, Phentolamine, 220 Reflux, gastroesophageal 43-44 Pneumocolon, peroral, after barium meal examination in peroral pneumocolon in, small bowel meal, children, 127-128 56-57 56-57 pediatric sonography, 112 products for, 221 in children, 136-137 water siphon test in, 24-25 single-contrast, in Polibar Reflux small bowel enema, children, 134-136 in barium enema, 62, 80 37-38 computed tomography in, in children, 145, 152 Renografin. See Diatrizoate 200-201 in intussusception Roth biopsy gun in enema in, 47-56 reduction, 146 percutaneous liver barium products for, 221 in defecogram in children, biopsy, 175 catheters for, 222 158 in children, 137-139. See in postoperative colon also Pediatric studies, 101 S procedures, small bowel in small bowel enema, 48 Sigmoidoscopy, flexible, enema in children, 138 85-87 contraindications and in speech study, 118 Single-contrast studies precautions in, 47-48 Polibar Liquid, 221, 222 barium enema, 78-83 double-contrast, 51-52 Polibar Powder, 221 in children, 142-143, indications for, 47 Polyesthylene glycol solution 145-146 intubation in, 48-51 in colonoscopy, 88 products for, 222 Maglinte technique in, in computed tomography, barium meal 53-55 201 in children, 123-128. See paddle balloon in, 53 in preparation for also Pediatric patient preparation in, 48 double-contrast barium procedures, procedure in, 44-53 enema, 62-63 single-contrast barium rapid technique in, 56 Posteroanterior radiographs, meal reflux enema in, 57-58 214 esophagus in, 8 single-contrast, 56 Postoperative studies stomach in, 23 postoperative studies, 58- cholangiography in, 172-173 enema for lower tract 60 colon, 99-103. See also studies in children, sonography in, pediatric, Large bowel studies, 142-143 112-113 postoperative studies barium in, 145-146 Sol-O-Pake, Liquid, 221 small bowel, 58-60 water-soluble medium in, Sonography in pediatric upper tract, 32-35 143-145 examinations, 107-115 Proctography, evacuating, small bowel enema, 56 in abdominal mass lesions, 93-99. See also small bowel meal in 108 Defecography children antenatal, 113 Prone angled radiographs, 214 barium in, 134-136 in biliary disease, 113 Pyloric stenosis, hypertrophic, water-soluble agents in, Doppler, 114 in children 139-141 in fetal anomalies, 113 barium meal examination in, Sinograms, 167-169 in gastric wall thickening, 127-128 stomadhesive for contrast 112 sonography in, 108-111 leakage in, 168 in gastroesophageal reflux, Small bowel studies, 43-60 112 barium meal in, 43-47 in hypertrophic pyloric R in children, 134-136 stenosis, 108-111 Radiation protection methods, chilled barium in, 44 indications for, 108-114 209-210 compression in, 44 small or large bowel filtration device in contraindications and evaluation in, 112-113 defecography throne, precautions in, 43 Speech study in children, 97-98 double-contrast, 47 118-122 Index

Sphincterotomy, biliary, Trucut needle in percutaneous V 190-192 liver biopsy, 175 Valium. See Diazepam Stomach Tube esophagram, 30-32 Varices, esophageal, barium barium meal studies, 8-15 in tracheoesophageal fistula meal examination in double-contrast, in in children, 127 children, 128 children, 129-134 Tyropanoate sodium in oral Velopharyngeal portal flow technique in, 15 cholecystography, 170 evaluation in children, computed tomography of, 118-122 198-200 Video-prone esophagram in gastrostomy, 193-196 U children, 128-129 postoperative examination Ultra-R, 43, 221 in tracheoesophageal fistula, of, 32-35 Ultrasonography. See 127, 128-129 sonography of, pediatric, Sonography in pediatric 108-112 examinations Stomadhesive for contrast Unibar 100,222 W leakage in sinograms, in single-contrast barium Water 168 meal, 123 for double-contrast Swallowing function in single-contrast small enteroclysis, 56 evaluation, 38-39 bowel meal, 134 for double-contrast in children, 117-118 in video prone esophagram, esophagram, 22 in dysphagia, 26-29, 30 129 Water siphon test for Unibar 110, 222 gastroesophageal reflux, Unik-Zoru,222 24-25 in double-contrast Water-soluble contrast T examination of upper in computed tomography, Technologists, role of, 209 tract, 130 197 Telebrix in computed Upper tract studies enema for neonates, 142, tomography, 197 barium meal in, 3-24. See 143-145 Tomocat in computed also Barium meal for foreign body removal, tomography, 197 in children, 115-141 160 Tracheoesophageal fistula in computed tomography in, meal for children, 139-141 children 197-201 in sinograms and endoscopy in, 3, 4, 35-38 tube esophagram in, 127 fistulograms, 167 video prone esophagram in postoperative examination for upper tract studies, 221 127,128-129 in, 32-35 Transhepatic cholangiography, barium in, 32-35 percutaneous, 182-188 gastrografin in, 32 Transjugular liver biopsy, water-soluble medium in, X 177-182 221 Xylocaine. See Lidocaine