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Trauma and Juxtaposition in Persepolis and a Child's Life and Other Stories Lauranne Poharec

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Trauma and Juxtaposition in Persepolis and a Child's Life and Other Stories Lauranne Poharec University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Foreign Languages & Literatures ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 9-12-2014 Showing the Unsayable: Trauma and Juxtaposition in Persepolis and A Child's Life and Other Stories Lauranne Poharec Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/fll_etds Recommended Citation Poharec, Lauranne. "Showing the Unsayable: Trauma and Juxtaposition in Persepolis and A Child's Life and Other Stories." (2014). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/fll_etds/103 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Foreign Languages & Literatures ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lauranne Poharec Candidate Foreign Languages and Literatures Department This thesis is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Thesis Committee: Pamela Cheek, Chairperson Lorie Brau Daniel Worden i SHOWING THE UNSAYABLE: TRAUMA AND JUXTAPOSITION IN PERSEPOLIS AND A CHILD’S LIFE AND OTHER STORIES by LAURANNE POHAREC PREVIOUS DEGREES BACHELOR IN ENGLISH AND AMERICAN STUDIES THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Art Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico July 2014 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A huge thank you to Dr. Pamela Cheek for encouraging me to keep pursuing what I am interested in, namely comic books, in spite of their lack of recognition in academia. This project would not have been what it is without her precious advice and support all along the writing process. It was a privilege to work with her. Thanks again for everything! Thanks also to Dr. Lorie Brau, Dr. Worden and Dr. Walter Putnam for their suggestions, reading recommendations and discussions throughout this past year. Finally I am indebted to my family and my friends Kristin, Amandine and Ricardo, who have been there for me over the last two years. iii SHOWING THE UNSAYABLE: TRAUMA AND JUXTAPOSITION IN PERSEPOLIS AND A CHILD’S LIFE AND OTHER STORIES by Lauranne Poharec B.A., English and American Studies, Université Rennes 2, 2011 M.A., Comparative Literature and Cultural Studies, University of New Mexico, 2014 ABSTRACT This thesis focuses on two comic books by women that interweave personal trauma with the trauma of historical events: Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi, which explores coming of age against the background of memory of the Iranian Revolution, and A Child’s Life and Other Stories by Phoebe Gloeckner, which explores parent- child incest and coming of age in the wake of the American sexual revolution. It argues that Satrapi and Gloeckner, two women comic artists, push the limits of the comics medium and of memoir by using juxtaposition – of alternative illustration styles, of what is seen and what is not seen, of different tellings of a protagonist’s story – to subvert cultural and sexual roles traditionally imposed on women. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS................................................................................. vi Introduction .................................................................................................................. 7 Defining Comics ...................................................................................................... 10 The History of Comic Books: A Short Introduction ................................................ 11 The comic medium as an art form ............................................................................ 17 Comics and the Academy ......................................................................................... 18 Trauma and Memory in Autobiographical Comics ................................................. 20 Portrait of the comic artist as a young man or woman: Spiegelman's Maus and Satrapi's Persepolis .................................................................................................... 29 A Story of Cats and Mouse: Overlay in Spiegelman's Maus ................................... 34 The Veil Unveiled: Marjane Satrapi's Persepolis .................................................... 44 Masking and Veiling: Points of view in Maus and Persepolis ................................ 58 Show and Tell: Sexual Abuse in A Child’s Life and Other Stories by Phoebe Gloeckner ...................................................................................................... 61 The Little Red Riding Hood Intertext ...................................................................... 64 Challenging the Misogyny of Crumb's Underground Comics ................................. 69 Anatomical drawings in A Child’s Life and Other Stories ...................................... 83 Visual rhetoric in A Child’s Life and Other Stories ................................................. 88 v TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 : Cover of the first issue of “It Ain’t Me Babe,” 1970. ................................. 14 Figure 2: Cover of the first issue of “Twisted Sister,” 1976. ....................................... 15 Figure 3: McCloud, Scott. Understanding Comics. New York: HarperCollins, 1994. 101................................................................................................................................ 27 Figure 4: Spiegelman, Art. The Complete Maus. London: Penguin, 2003. 218. ......... 35 Figure 5: Spiegelman, Art. The Complete Maus. London: Penguin, 2003. 239. ......... 36 Figure 6: Spiegelman, Art. The Complete Maus. London: Penguin, 2003. 214. ......... 38 Figure 7: Spiegelman, Art. The Complete Maus. London: Penguin, 2003. 210. ......... 40 Figure 8: Spiegelman, Art. The Complete Maus. London: Penguin, 2003. 138. ......... 42 Figure 9: Spiegelman, Art. The Complete Maus. London: Penguin, 2003. 201. ......... 43 Figure 10: Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood. New York: Pantheon Books, 2003. 52. .......................................................................................... 46 Figure 11: Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood. New York: Pantheon Books, 2003. 142. ........................................................................................ 47 Figure 12: Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood. New York: Pantheon Books, 2003. 102. ........................................................................................ 49 Figure 14: Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood. New York: Pantheon Books, 2003. 1. ............................................................................................ 54 Figure 15: Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis: The Story of a Return. New York: Pantheon Books, 2004. 140. ........................................................................................................ 54 Figure 16: Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood. New York: Pantheon Books, 2003. 2. ............................................................................................ 56 Figure 17: Gloeckner, Phoebe. A Child’s Life and Other Stories. 2nd Ed. Berkeley: Frog, 2000. 9. ............................................................................................................... 65 Figure 18 : Andre, Richard. Red Riding Hood. New York: McLoughlin Bros., 1988.66 Figure 19: Gustave Doré. Little Red Riding Hood, 1864. ............................................ 67 Figure 20: Gloeckner, Phoebe. A Child’s Life and Other Stories. 2nd Ed. Berkeley: Frog, 2000. 28. ............................................................................................................. 68 Figure 21: Crumb, Robert. Illustrations for the first issue of “Snatch Comics,” 1968. ...................................................................................................................................... 70 Figure 22: Gloeckner, Phoebe. A Child’s Life and Other Stories. 2nd Ed. Berkeley: Frog, 2000. 67-68. ........................................................................................................ 73 Figure 23: Gloeckner, Phoebe. A Child’s Life and Other Stories. 2nd Ed. Berkeley: Frog, 2000. 66. ............................................................................................................. 74 Figure 24: Gloeckner, Phoebe. A Child’s Life and Other Stories. 2nd Ed. Berkeley: Frog, 2000. 75. ............................................................................................................. 75 Figure 25: Crumb, Robert. “Memories Are Made of These!”. My Trouble With Women. 1992................................................................................................................ 77 Figure 26: Gloeckner, Phoebe. A Child’s Life and Other Stories. 2nd Ed. Berkeley: Frog, 2000. 73. ............................................................................................................. 79 Figure 29: Gautier d'Agoty Jacques-Fabien, L'Ange Anatomique, coloured mezzotint, 1746.............................................................................................................................. 87 vi Introduction The artform – the medium – known as comics is a vessel which can hold any number of ideas and images. – Scott McCloud (Understanding Comics) When I started writing comics in 1985, '86, I sort of had this vision of a golden age and it was absolutely Utopian. It had huge golden spires, and in it, comics were right up there with
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