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Toronto Tomorrow”. Cronología Crítica De La Smart City Según Google.”

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Toronto Tomorrow”. Cronología Crítica De La Smart City Según Google.” MPAA 2019/2020 ESTUDIOS OFICIALES DE MÁSTER Y DOCTORADO EN PROYECTOS ARQUITECTÓNICOS AVANZADOS Gobernanza, planificación y diseño en “Toronto Tomorrow”. Cronología crítica de la Smart City según Google. Daniel Sarasa Funes Línea de especialización: Línea 2 (Crítica práctica) Dirigida por: Ginés Garrido (Director), Luis Rojo (Co-director), Correos electrónicos: [email protected], [email protected], ES RESUMEN. El presente trabajo disecciona, tanto cronológicamente como en sus diferentes capas (movilidad, espacio público, sostenibilidad, tecnología digital y edificación), la propuesta de Sidewalk Labs para la zona del Quayside en Toronto. El detalle del análisis permite responder a cómo la propuesta, finalmente abortada, aborda algunas de las tensiones del urbanismo actual como la privatización de la gestión urbana, las amenazas al derecho a la ciudad (también a la ciudad digital), o el conflicto entre la innovación centralmente planificada desde arriba y modelos de innovación orgánicos. PALABRAS CLAVE: Distritos de innovación, Smart City, Toronto Tomorrow, Tecno-centrismo, Derecho a la ciudad EN ABSTRACT. The work dissects, both from a chronological and leyered (mobility, public space, sustainability, digital technology and buildings) perspectives , Sidewalk Lab’s proposal for the Quayside area in Toronto. The detail of the analysis offers an answer to que question of how the proposal, finally aborted, approaches some of the tensions of today’s urbanism such as the privatization of city operations, the threats to the right to the city (including its digital layer), or the conflict between top-down centralized innovation planning and organic innovation models. KEYWORDS: Innovation districts, Smart City, Toronto Tomorrow, Tecno-centrism, Right to the city 2 Sumario Prefacio...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Introducción.......................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1. Las grandes preguntas................................................................................................................................................ 8 1.2. Contexto...................................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3. “Toronto Tomorrow” en el mundo: De los parques tecnológicos a los distritos de innovación...................................10 2. Cronología de la revitalización del Waterfront.....................................................................................................................13 2.1. Historia de las Port Lands y de la desembocadura del río Don.................................................................................13 2.2. Proceso previo de reflexión y visión por parte de la ciudad para la zona..................................................................16 2.3. Estructura organizativa y gobernanza........................................................................................................................18 2.4. Primera fase 2002-2014: los cimientos......................................................................................................................21 2.5. Diseño urbano........................................................................................................................................................... 25 2.5.1. Central Waterfront. DTAH y WEST8.................................................................................................................25 2.5.2. Lower Don Lands. Michael Van Valkenburgh...................................................................................................29 2.5.3. La Gardiner Expressway.................................................................................................................................. 30 2.5.4. A mitad de camino............................................................................................................................................ 33 2.6. Segunda fase: 2014-2023: Waterfront 2.0.................................................................................................................34 2.7. Conclusiones............................................................................................................................................................. 43 3. El proyecto de Sidewalk Labs para el Quayside.................................................................................................................44 3.1. La fase de la RFP...................................................................................................................................................... 44 3.2. La fase del acuerdo marco........................................................................................................................................ 49 4. La propuesta “Toronto Tomorrow”: análisis del MIDP.........................................................................................................59 4.1. Datos generales......................................................................................................................................................... 59 4.2. Espacio público.......................................................................................................................................................... 64 4.3. Movilidad.................................................................................................................................................................... 67 4.4. Vivienda..................................................................................................................................................................... 70 4.5. Sostenibilidad............................................................................................................................................................ 75 4.6. Innovación y capa digital............................................................................................................................................ 76 4.7. Infraestructuras digitales e innovación....................................................................................................................... 77 4.7.1. Redes............................................................................................................................................................... 77 4.7.2. Datos................................................................................................................................................................ 77 4.7.3. Innovación........................................................................................................................................................ 80 5. Un análisis crítico : conclusiones........................................................................................................................................ 82 5.1. De cómo se llegó al Quayside................................................................................................................................... 82 5.2. El presente y el futuro de los distritos de innovación.................................................................................................83 5.3. Si la “smart city” era la respuesta, ¿cuál era la pregunta?.........................................................................................85 5.4. Preservación de los derechos digitales......................................................................................................................87 5.5. Los datos urbanos: marcos ético-tecnológicos de acción pública para una nueva fuente de valor...........................89 5.6. Innovación abierta vs innovación cerrada..................................................................................................................92 5.7. Conclusión final......................................................................................................................................................... 94 Postfacio: Las verdaderas razones del abandono del proyecto Quayside...............................................................................96 El gran hermano................................................................................................................................................................ 96 La Resistencia................................................................................................................................................................... 96 La gran cicatriz: la Gardiner Expressway........................................................................................................................... 97 El tiempo............................................................................................................................................................................ 98 Bibliografía............................................................................................................................................................................... 99 3 Prefacio El presente trabajo forma parte de un proyecto de largo recorrido. En 2015 presenté, también en la ETSAM, un trabajo fin de máster para el título propio “Master in City Sciences” 1 en el que se señalaba el
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