50 MILES

25 50 KILOMETERS

n4I.VLIngt,r10. " 7,i7T L'11,74g NOVI "4,,tgITT

EXPLANATION

PERENNIAL STREAM--Includes streas that WETLAND--Poorly drained land and shallow 3500 feet ELEVATION CONTOUR—Datum is mean sea level have reaches of interrupted flow during bodies of water that support well- Base flow periods of extreme drought developed emergent or submergent aquatic <3500 feet Unregulated streams at these elevations <10 10-50 50-250 cubic feet per second flora provide habitat exclusively for warm- Flow unregulated water fish species, such as longfin dace <500 acres .„1,2500 acres Unregulated water supply (Agosia chrysogaster) and red shiner Flow regulated 500 acres (Notropis lutrensis) Regulated water supply Base flow mainly or entirely municipal, 3500-5500 feet Streams at these elevations mainly are <500 acres .„ >500 acres industrial, or agricultural wastewater Mainly or entirely supplied by wastewater populated by warm-water fish species

EPHEMERAL, INTERMITTENT, OR WASTEWATER €3■ FORMER WETLAND--Now wholly or partly dry 5500-7500 feet Streams at these elevations mainly are STREAM—Flow was perennial prior to populated by cold-water fish species diversion, impoundment, or decline of ground-water levels >7500 feet Streams at these elevations provide habitat exclusively for cold-water MAJOR RESERVOIR THAT REGULATES STREAMFLOW fish species, such as trout (Salmo apache) and rainbow trout (S. gairdneri)

DRAINAGE MAP OF ARIZONA SHOWING PERENNIAL STREAMS AND SOME IMPORTANT WETLANDS

COMPILED BY D. E BROWN. ARIZONA GAME AND FISH DEPARTMENT AND N. a CARMONY AND R. M. TURNER, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

1 978 Railroads of Arizona--Volume 1, The southern roads: GLOSSARY Davis, N. H., 1897, Letter to Capt. Benjamin C. Cutler, June 5, 1864, in The Myrick, D. F., 1975, War of the Rebellion-A compilation of the official records of the Union Berkeley, Calif., Howell-North Books, 477 p. and Confederate Armies: Secretary of War, ser. 1, v. 50, pt. II, Ohnesorgen, William, 1929, Reminiscences: Tucson, Arizona Hist. Soc. unpub. ms.. Op. BASE FLOW. Sustained or dry-weather flow; the minimum flow of a perennial p. 869-872. Olmstead, F. H., 1919, flood control-A report on flood control of stream. The base flow of unregulated perennial streams in Arizona is Davis recommended that the proposed Fort Goodwin be /orated at "La . the upper Gila the Gila River in Graham County, Arizona: U.S. 65th Cong., 3d sans.. ground-water discharge into a stream channel and the volume generally Cienega Grande near the present community of Geronimo on River. The marshes in this area have now largely disappeared. S. Doc. 436, 94 p. does not vary greatly from year to year. for railroad routes, in Explora- Dellenbaugh, F. S., 1908, A canyon voyage: New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, Parke, J. G., 1857, Report of explorations CIENEGA. A marsh, bog, or miry place. practicable and economical route 277 p. tions and surveys to ascertain the most GROUND WATER. Water in the ground that is in the zone of saturation, from for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean: U.S. Dellenbaugh (p. 244-246) reported no flow in for many miles which wells and springs are supplied. 33d Cong., 2d sess., S. Ex. Doc. 78, v. 7, 469 p. REACH. The length of part of a stream channel. below the settlement of Kanab, Utah, in September 1872. River, Pattie, J. O., 1905, The personal narrative of James O. Pattie, in Volume 18, FLOW. Flow that is manipulated by man. The discharge patterns, DiPeso, C. C., 1951, The Babocomari Village site on the Babocomari REGULATED p. Early western travels, 1748-1846, R. G. Thwaites, ed.: Cleveland, Ohio, temperatures, and suspended-sediment loads of regulated streams may southeastern Arizona: Dragoon, Ariz., The Amerind Found., Inc., 248 John E. Durivage, in Southern Arthur H. Clark Co., 379 p. create an environment unfavorable to the native aquatic fauna. Durivage, J. E., 1937, Letters and journal of trails to California in 1849, R. P. Bieber, ed.: Glendale, Ealif., V. Peterson, C. S., 1973, Take up your mission-Mormon colonizing along the RESERVOIR. A pond, lake, or basin--either natural or artificial--used for Arizona Univ. Press, 309 p. Arthur H. Clark Co., Southwest Mist. Ser., v. 5, p. 159-255. Little , 1870-1900: Tucson, storage, regulation, and control of water. The reservoirs shown on th Marshall, J. T., Jr., and Monson, Gale, 1964, The birds of Durivage (p. 205-227) described streams and watering places in southern Phillips, A. R., map in green are artificial. Arizona: Tucson, Arizona Univ. Press, 212 p. STREAM. A general term for a body of flowing water. In hydrology the term Arizona during May and June 1849. on the southwestern trail, , Powell, H. M. T., 1931, The Santa Fe trail to California, 1849-1852: San generally is applied to the water flowing in a natural channel as dis- Eccleston, Robert, 1950, Overland to California 1849, G. P. Hammond and E. H. Howes, eds.: Berkeley, California Univ. Francisco, Grabhorn Press, 272 p. tinct from a canal. Powell, J. W., 1874, Reports of the exploration in 1873 of the Colorado of the Streams in natural channels may be classified as follows: Press, 256 p. Fort Leavenworth West and its tributaries: Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 36 p. Relation to time. Emory, W. H., 1848, Notes of a military reconnaissance, from in Missouri, to San Diego in California, including part of Arkansas, Del 1879, Report on the arid lands of the United States, with a more PERENNIAL. One that flows continuously. detailed account of the lands of Utah: Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing INTERMITTENT. One that flows only at certain times of the yea Morte, and Gila Rivers: U.S. 30th Gong., 1st sess., Ex. Doc. 41, 614 p. Office, 195 p. when it receives water from springs or from some surface The report is the first detailed investigation of the Gila River from Pumpelly, Raphael, 1870, Across America and Asia: New York, Leopoldt and source, such as melting snow at high elevations. its headwaters to its mouth. 454 p. that flows only in direct response to precipi- 1857, Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey (in Holt, EPHEMERAL. One Reid's tramp. Selma, Ala., John Hardy and Co., 237 p. tation and whose channel is at all times above the water two volumes): U.S. 34th Gong., 1st sess., S. Ex. Doc. 108. Reid, J. C., 1858, ., 4 p. Roeske, R. H., and Werrell, W. L., 1973, Hydrologic conditions in the San table. Etz, D. B., 1938, Reminiscences: Tucson, Arizona Hist. Soc. unpub. ms in Mexican gold trail, Pedro River valley, Arizona, 1971: Arizona Water Comm. Bull. 4, 76 p. Relation to space. Evans, G. W. B., 1945, The journal of G. W. B. Evans, Ross, C. P., 1923, The lower Gila region, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Water- CONTINUOUS. One that does not have interruption in space. G. S. Dumke, ed.: San Marino, Calif., Huntington Library, 340 p. Supply Paper 498, 237 p. INTERRUPTED. One that contains alternating reaches that are Fergusson, Major David, 1862, Cultivated fields in and about Tucson: Tucson, Rothrock, J. T., 1875, Preliminary and general botanical report, with remarks either perennial, intermittent, or ephemeral. Arizona Mist. Soc. map, scale 1:3600. upon the general topography of the region traversed in New Mexico and WASTEWATER. Water that was used initially for agricultural, industrial, or ,*Fish, Joseph, 1970, Life and times of Joseph Fish, Mormon pioneer, J. H. Arizona--its climatology, forage, plants, timber, irrigation and sanitary purposes and that was subsequently lost to the user or dis- Krenkel, ed.: Danville, Ill., Interstate Printers, 543 p. municipal conditions, in Annual report upon the geographical explorations and charged as being superfluous. Wastewater generally contains contam- In July 1879 Fish (p. 193-1941 found no flow in the Little Colorado surveys west of the 100th meridian: Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing inating waste products, which may create an environment unfavorable to River from near present-day Winslow to near the mouth of Moenkopi Wash. Graham, J. D., 1852, Report of Lieutenant Colonel Graham on the subject of the Office, p. 117-129. the native aquatic fauna. H. C., 1942, Rainfall and runoff in the upper Santa Cruz River and shallow bodies of water that support well- boundary line between the United States and Mexico: U.S. 32d Gong., 1st Schwalen, WETLAND. Poorly drained land Univ., Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bull. 95, 472 P. flora. Most of the wetlands sess., Ex. Doc. 121, 250 P. drainage basin: Arizona developed emergent or submergent aquatic Shaw, R. J., 1957, Ground water supplies of Santa Cruz provide important habitat for waterfowl. The floral Gray, A. B., 1963, The A. B. Gray report--Survey of a route for the Southern Schwalen, H. C., and shown on this map Expt. Sta. Bull. 288, 119 p. (termed marshes or cien gas Pacific Railroad on the 32nd Parallel-L. R. Bailey, ed.: Los Angeles, Valley: Arizona Univ., Agr. characteristics of most of the former wetlands A. T., 1917, Ground water in the San Simon Valley, Arizona and in the early literature) shown on the map are poorly documented. Westernlore Press, 240 p. Schwennesen, * Gregory, H. E., 1916, The Navajo country: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply ' New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 425-A, p. 1-23. Paper 380, 219 P. Schwennesen (p. 61 described the San Simon Cienega and stated that the 1917, Geology of the Navajo country: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper outflow from the cienega into San Simon Creek was nearly perennial. Gila and San Carlos CONVERSION FACTORS 93, 161 p. 1921, Geology and water resources of the Gregory stated (p. 1301 that the lakes at Marsh Pass on Laguna Creek in Valleys in the San Carlos Indian Reservation, Arizona: U.S. Geol. northern Navajo County were drained by channel cutting during the ' Survey Water-Supply Paper 450-A, 27 p. 1977, Drainage systems of Arizona: Arizona Game and Fish For use of those readers who may prefer to use metric units rather 1880s. Silvey, William, than U.S. customary units, the conversion factors for the terms used in this 1950, Geology and geography of the Zion Park region, Utah and , Dept. duplicated report, 18 p. Simpson, J. H., 1964, Navajo expedition, in Journal of a military recon- report are listed below: Arizona: U.S. Geol. 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Unpub. ms. prepared for U.S. Smith, E. L., and Bender, G. L., 1973, Arivaca Cienega: Phoenix, Arizona .02832 (e Is) Burro Creek drainage, Arizona-Part (fe/s) Bureau of Land Management by students and faculty of Prescott Center - State Dept. Econ. Planning and Devel. Proposed Mat. Arca Rcpt. 8, 3 p. acre .4047 hectare (ha) College, 18 p. and appendices. 1977. A wildlife and vegetation inventory of the Burro Creek drainage, 1973, Burro Creek North: Phoenix, Arizona State Dept. Econ. Arizona-Part II: Unpub. ms. prepared for U.S. Bureau of Land Manage- Planning and Devel. Proposed Nat. Area Rept. 10, 3 p. by students and faculty of Prescott Center College, 48 p. 1973, Cook's Lake: Phoenix, Arizona State Dept. Econ. Planning and SELECTED REFERENCES AND ANNOTATIONS ment Harrell, M. A., and Eckel, E. B., 1939, Ground-water resources of the Holbrook Devel. Proposed Nat. Area Rept. 4, 22 p. Survey Water-Supply Paper 836-B, p. 19-105. 1973, Springs: Phoenix, Arizona State Dept. Econ. By N. B. Carmony region, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Harris, B. B., 1960, The Gila Trail--The Texas Argonauts and the California Planning and Devel. Proposed Nat. Area Rept. 11, 6 p. Gold Rush--R. H. Dillon, ed.: Norman, Oklahoma Univ. Press, 175 p. 1973, Cottonwood Grove. Phoenix, Arizona State 1959, Vegetation change and arroyo cutting in southeastern Dept. Econ. Planning and Devel. Proposed Nat. Area Rept. 32, 3 p. and 1964, Geology and ground water in the central part of Apache Hastings, J. R., Akers, J. P., Sci. dour., v. 1, no. 2, p. 60-67. appendices. County, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1771, 107 p. Arizona: Arizona Acad. marshy character of many streams in 1973, Kaiser Spring Canyon: Phoenix, Arizona State Dept. Econ. L. D., 1950, A journal of the overland route to California and the Hastings documented the former Aldrich, Planning and Devel. Proposed Nat. Area Rept. 19, 3 p. and appendices. gold mines: Los Angeles, Dawson's Book Shop, 93 P. southeastern Arizona that are now well drained. Hastings, J. R., and Turner, R. M., 1965, The changing mile: Tucson, Arizona 1973, Mormon Lake: Phoenix, Arizona State Sept. Econ. Planning and Warren, ,[no date], Arizona the last frontier: Tucson, Arizona Hist. Allison, Univ. Press, 317 p. level. Proposed Nat. Area Rept. 31, 17 p. and appendices. Soc. unpub. ms., 26 p. Heindl, L. A., and McCullough, R. A., 1961, Geology and the availability of 1973, Pivot Rock Spring: Phoenix, Arizona State Dept. Econ. Planning several places along the upper Santa Cruz All reported marshes in water in the lower Bonita Creek area, Graham County, Arizona: U. S. and Devel. Proposed Nat. Area Rept. 34, 3 p. and appendix. "A" Mountain and Calabasas. Today, no significant River, including near Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1589, 56 p. 1973, between 91st and 115th Avenues: Phoenix, Arizona this reach of the Santa Cruz. marshy areas are along Hinton, R. J., 1878, The hand-book to Arizona--Its resources, history, towns, State Dept. Econ. Planning and Devel. Proposed Nat. Area Rept. 7, 4 p. Arizona Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, 1974, Cropland atlas of Arizona: mines, ruins, and scenery: New York, American News Co., 431 p. and appendices. Phoenix, Arizona Crop and Livestock Reporting Service duplicated report, the major streams and rivers in Arizona. 1973, Sycamore Creek: Phoenix, Arizona State Dept. Econ. Planning 68 p. Hinton described most of 1890, Irrigation in the United States, in Report of the special and Devel. Proposed Nat. Area Rept. 18, 4 p. and appendices. irrigated acreage by county as of 1973. The maps show committee of the United States Senate on the irrigation and reclamation 1973, Tacna Marsh: Phoenix, Arizona State Dept. Econ. Planning and Aubry, F. 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Planning and Texas, New Mexico, California, and Chihuahua (in two volumes): New York, interrupted flow at times, but he gave no details. 1974, Basin Lake: and Fort Yuma wagon road--in Nat. Area Rept. 64, 4 p. D. Appleton and Co., v. 1, 501 p; v. 2, 624 p. Hutton, M. H., 1859, Engineers report-El Paso Devel. Proposed Records of the Office of the Secretary of the Interior relating to wagon 1974, Boquillas Ranch: Phoenix, Arizona State Dept. Econ. Planning discussing the near the abandoned Babocomari Ranch In roads, 1857-1881: Natl. Archives film microcopies, no. M95, roll 3. and Devel. Proposed Nat. Area Rept. 67, 6 p. in September 1851, Bartlett (v. 1, p. 396) stated that the river was Hutton reported that originated in a large marsh about 5 1974, Bull Pen Ranch: Phoenix, Arizona State Dept. Econ. Planning about 20 fePt wide and as much as 2 feet deep and that a few fish were miles upstream from Aravaipa Canyon. This marsh no longer exists. and Devel. Proposed Nat. Area Rept. 47, 6 p. taken for eating. On June 30, 1852, he (v. 2, p. 215, 249) found the Irwin, N. I. D., 1859, in The military posts on , by J. E. 1974, Leslie Canyon: Phoenix, Arizona State Sept. Econ. Planning below the Pima villages-a short distance upstream from the Gila dry Serven: Tucson, Ariz., Tucson Corral of the Westerners Smoke Signal, and Devel. Proposed Nat. Area Rept. 66, 6 p. to the entire upstream diversion of the flow by Santa Cruz River--owing no. 12, fall 1965, p. 28-33. 1974, : Phoenix, Arizona State Dept. Econ the Indians for irrigation. unhealthy conditions at Fort Planning and Devel. Proposed Nat. Area Rept. 59, 5 p. Beale, E. F., 1929, Uncle Sam's camels--The journal of May Humphreys Stacy Irwin (p. 30-31, 331 At the Cruz County to the location of the 1974, St. David: Phoenix, Arizona State Dept. Econ. Planning and supplemented by the report of Edward Fitzgerald Beale (1857-58)--1. B. Buchanan on Sonoita Creek in Santa well drained, and the Proposed Nat. Area Rept. 70, 5 p. Lesley, ed.: Cambridge, Harvard Univ. Press, 298 p. fort adjacent to a large swamp. The area is now Devel. 1974, Topock Gorge: Phoenix, Arizona State Dept. Econ. Planning and Bell, J. G., 1932, A log of the Texas-California cattle trail, 1854: El Paso, swamp has disappeared. 1961, Report upon the Colorado River of the West, 1857-1858: Devel. Proposed Nat. Area Sept. Ni. 6 p. Tex., Southwestern Hist. Quart., v. 35, no. 4, p. 303-316. Ives, J. S., U.S. 36th Cong., 1st sess., Ex. Doc. 90, 131 p. 1974, Topock Marsh: Phoenix, Arizona State Dept. Econ. Planning and Bell, W. A., 1869, New tracks in North America (in two volumes): London, A. R., 1848, Journal of A. R. Johnston, First Dragoons, 25 September Devel. Proposed Nat. Area Rept. 50, 5 p. Chapman and Hall, 564 p. Johnston, to December 1846: U.S. 30th Cong., 155 sess., Ex. Doc. 41. ser. 517, 1974, Tule Spring: Phoenix, Arizona State Dept. Econ. Planning and information on Arizona's streams during 1867-68. Bell provides a wealth of Devel. Proposed Nat. Area Sept. 45, 5 p. water present at the San Simon Cienega p. 567-614. Observations include, no surface Jones, N. V., 1931, The journal of Nathaniel V. Jones, with the Mormon 1974, Wet Beaver Creek: Phoenix, Arizona State Dept. Econ. Planning 287); perennial reaches of (p. 278)i no flow in the San Simon River (p. Battalion: Utah Hist. Quart., v. 4, no. 1, p. 3-24. and Devel. Proposed Nat. Area Rept. 48, 6 p. (p. of permanent water in Big Chino Santa Cruz River 335-336); a lack Kennedy, C. B. R., 1856, Report on the zoology of the expedition, in Reports Smith, G. E. P., 1910, Groundwater supply and irrigation in the Rillito Valley: Valley (p. 421-422). of explorations and surveys to ascertain the most practical and eco- Arizona Univ., Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 64, 244 p. Bigler, H. W., 1932, Extracts from the journal of Henry W. Bigler: Utah Hist. nomical route for a railroad from Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean, Smith stated (p. 110-111) that the flow of Rillito Creek near Tucson was Quart., v. 5, no. 2, p. 35-64; no. 3, p. 87-112; and no. 4, p. 134-160. U.S. 33d Cong., 2d sess., v. 4, pt. 6, p. 6-17. at Tanque Verde Wash and Ventana Wash but that all flow Bliss, R. S., 1931, The journal of Robert S. Bliss, with the Mormon Battalion: 1853-54: nearly perennial Kino's historical memoir of Pimeria Alta, by H. E. Utah Hist. Quart., v. 4, no. 3, p. 67-96, and no. 4, p. 110-128. Kino, Eusebio, 1948, in disappeared during dry years. Bolton. Berkeley, California Univ. Press, 329 p. Spring. John, 1966, John Spring's Arizona, A. M. Gustafson, ed.: Tucson, Bourke, J. G., 1950, On the border with Crook: Columbus, Ohio, Long's College 1938, Geology and ground-water resources of the valley of Arizona Univ. Press, 326 p. Book Co., 491 Knetchtel, M. M., P. River and San Simon Creek, Graham County, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Standage. Henry, 1928, Journal of Henry Standage, in The March of the Mormon Brown, D. E., Carmony, N. B., and Turner, R. M., compilers, 1977, Drainage map the Gila Survey Water-Supply Paper 796-F, p. 181-222. Battalion, by F. A. Golder: New York, Century Co., 295 p. of Arizona showing perennial streams and some important wetlands: Itinerary of the El Paso and Fort Yuma Wagon Road Expedi- Sweeny, T. W., 1956, Journal of Lt. Thomas W. Sweeny, 1849-53, Arthur Woodward, Arizona Game and Fish Dept., 1 sheet, scale 1:1,000,000. Leach, J. B., 1858, Archives film microcopies, no. M95, roll 3. ed.: Los Angeles, Calif., Westernlore Press, 178 p. 1977, Inventory of riparian habitats, in Importance, preservation, tion: Natl. dc Tanner, G. S., and Richards, J. M., 1977, Colonization on the Little Colorado-- and management of riparian habitat--A symposium: U.S. Forest Service The records contain many comments on streams in southern Arizona in Simon River about The Joseph City region: Flagstaff, Ariz., Northland Press, 200 p. General Tech. Rept. AM 43, p. 10-13. September 1858. Comments include, no flow in the San the lower San Taxis, J. H., 1954, Arizona in the 50's. Albuquerque, New Mexico Univ. Press, Browne, J. R., 1869, Adventures in Apache country: New York, Harper and 15 miles below San Simon Cienega, no flow in reaches of Brothers, 535 p. Pedro River; and no flow at the mouth of Araivapa Creek. The lower Gila 376 p. Turner, H. S., 1966, The original journal of'lenry Smith Turner with Stephen Bryan, Kirk, 1925, Date of channel trenching (arroyo cutting) in the arid River also is carefully described. Arizona. U.S. Geol. Watts Kearny to New Mexico and California, 1846-47, D. L. Clarke, ed.: Southwest: Science, new ser., v. 62, p. 338-344. Lee, W. T., 1904, The underground waters of Gila Valley, i Norman, Oklahoma Univ. Press. 173 The Papago country, Arizona, a geographic, geologic, and Survey Water-Supply Paper 104, 71 P. P. 1925, Tyler, Daniel, 1881, A concise history of the Mormon Battalion in the Mexican hydrologic recohnaissance with a guide to desert watering places: U.S. Lee reported (p. 271 perennial flow in the Santa Cruz River near its War, 1846-47: Chicago, Rio Grand Press [reprint 1964], 376 p. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 499, 436 p. mouth. The Santa Cruz is now ephemeral in this reach. River valley, Arizona: U.S. U.S. Army, 1875, Report on the hygiene of the United States Army: U.S. Army, 1928, Change in plant associations by change in ground-water 1905, The underground waters of Salt Surgeon General's Circ. 8, level: Ecology, v. 9, no. 4, p. 474-478. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 136, 196 p. 567 P. of San Pedro Valley, Arizona: 1944, and tributaries, Arizona-Report of Chief Bryan, Kirk, Smith, G. E. P., and Waring, G. A., 1934, Ground-water supplies 1905, Motes on the underground water H. Doc. 28, 2d 165-170. of Engineers: U.S. 78th Cong., 2d sess., H. Doc. 625, 38 p. and irrigation in San Pedro Valley, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey open- U.S. 58th Gong., 3d sess., ed., p. watersheds in the nineteenth 1884, Preliminary reconnaissance of the boundary line between file report, 167 p. Leopold, L. B., 1951, Vegetation of Southwestern U.S. Congress, Rev., v. 41, no. 2, p. 295-316. the United States and Mexico: U.S. 48th Cong., 1st sess., Misc. S. Doc. Burbridge, William, 1976, Mormon Lake Ranger District multiple-use plan century: Geog. Beale Trail: Lawrence, Kan., U.S. Bur. 96, 24 p. proposal: Flagstaff, Ariz., U.S. Forest Service unpub. ms., unpaginate Lockett, H. C., 1939, Along the Indian Affairs, 56 p. 1898. Report of the Boundary Commission upon the survey and re- detail the numerous wetlands in the Mormon Lake The report describes in Lockwood, F. C., 1929, American hunters and trappers in Arizona: Arizona marking of the boundary between the United States and Mexico west of the County. area, Coconino Hist. Rev., 79-85 Rio Grande, 1891-1896: U.S. 55th Cong., 2d sess., S. Doc. 247, Pt. 2, Chamberlain, W. H., 1945, From Lewisburg to California in 1849, L. B. Bloom, v- 2, P. . 1932, Pioneer days in Arizona from the Spanish occupation to 240 P. ed. in two volumes). New Mexico Hist. Rev., v. 20, no. 2, p. 144-180; statehood: New York, MacMillan, 387 p. . Department of Agriculture, 1977, Importance, preservation, and management no. 3, p. 239-268. 1943, Life in old Tucson, 1854-1864: Los Angeles, Ward Ritchie U4 of riparian habitat-A symposium: U.S. Dept. Agr., Forest Service Gen. Clarke, A. B., 1852, Travels in Mexico and California: Boston, Mass., Wright Press, 255 p. Tech. Rept. 69-43, 217 and Hasty Steam Printers, 138 p. P. Lowe, C. H., ed., 1964, The vertebrates of Arizona: Tucson, Arizona Univ. U.B. Geological Survey, 1886 to 1974, Topographic maps; 60-, 30-, 15-, and "I; Cline, Platt, 1976, They came to the mountain: Flagstaff, Northern Arizona ' 71/2-minute quadrangle series. Univ. Press, 364 p. Press, 270 p. 1912, New trails in Mexico: New York, Charles Scribner's maps show perennial streams and wetlands and are avail- D. R., and Cushman, R. L., 1955, Geology and ground-water resources o Lumholtz, Carl, The quadrangle Coates, State. the Douglas basin, Arizona. U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1354, Sons, 411 p. able for most of the documentary--The Spanish years, 1767-1821: 1954, Compilation of records of surface waters of the United States 56 p. McCarty. Kieran, 1976, Desert Tucson, Arizona Hist. Soc. Mist. Mon. 4, 150 p. through September 1950-pt. 9, Colorado River basin: U.S. Geol. Survey The authors stated (p. 8-91 that was perennial in the 2 McCarty translated and annotated many letters and reports written by Water-Supply Paper 1313, 749 p. mile reach immediately north of the international boundary. The flow i different officials of Spanish Arizona. The letters and reports 1964, Compilation of records of surface waters of the United States, this reach is now ephemeral. October 1950 to September 1960-pt. 9, Colorado River basin: U.S. Geol. de la Torre, Alberto, 1970, Streamflow in the upper Santa Cruz River contain detailed descriptions of the Santa Cruz River (p. 73-75, 84, Condes Survey Water-Supply Paper 1733, 586 p. basin, Santa Cruz and Pima Counties, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Water- 86-87), Sonoita Creek (p. 84), and Rillito Creek (p. 86). Phoenix, Manufacturing 1970, Surface water supply of the United States, 1961-65--pt. 9, 1939-0, 26 p. McClintock, J. H., 1921, Mormon settlement in Arizona: Supply Paper Colorado River basin: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1926, 571 p. R. P., and Conkling, M. B., 1947, The Butterfield overland mail, Stationers, 307 p. Conkling, data for southern Coconino County, 1977, Water resources data for Arizona-Water year 1976: U.S. Geol. 1857-1369 (in three volumes): Glendale, Calif., Arthur H. Clark Co. McGavock, E. H., 1968, Basic ground-water Rept. 33, 49 p. Survey Water-Data Report 02-76-1, 674 p. Conner, D. E., 1956, Joseph Reddeford Walker and the Arizona adventure, D. J. Arizona: Arizona State Land Dept. Water-Resources Ground-water resources and water use in southern Navajo * Wagoner, J. J., 1975, Early Arizona: Tucson, Arizona Univ. Press, 547 P. Berthrong and O. Davenport, eds.: Norman, Oklahoma Univ. Press, 364 p. Mann, L. J., 1976, Comm. Bull. 106 p. Wallace, B. L., and Laney, R. L., 1976, Maps showing ground-water conditions 1878, The conquest of New Mexico and California--An his- County, Arizona: Arizona Water 10, Cooke, P. St. G., in the lower Big Chino Valley and Williamson Valley areas, Yavapai and torical and personal narrative: New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 307 p. Marion, J. H., 1965, Notes of travel through the territory of Arizona in 1870, Coconino Counties, Arizona--1975-76: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Resources Cooke's journal of the march of the Mormon Battalion, 1846-184 D. M. Powell, ed.: Tucson, Arizona Univ. Press, 62 p. 1938, , Inv. 76-78, 2 sheets. in Exploring Southwest trails, 1846-1854: Glendale, Calif. Arthur H. Reams, E. A., 1907, Marais of the Mexican boundary of the United States: P. R., 1858, Overland via "Jackass Mail" in 1858, in The diary of Phocion Clark Co., Southwest Mist. Serv., v. 7, p. 65-240. U.S. Natl. Pus. Bull. 56, 530 p. WaY, (p. 101) described the San Pedro River at the international , R. Way, W. A. Duffen, ed. (in four volumes): Tucson, Arizona and the The several journals of the members of the Mormon Battalion (see also Mearns boundary in 1892 as a good-sized stream that contained many fish. , West, v. 2, no. 1, p. 35-53; v. 2, no. 2, p. 147-174; v. P. no. 3, Tyler, 1881; Standage, 1928; Bliss, 1931; Bigler, 1932; Witworth, 19651 - Meinzer, O. E., and Kelton, F. C., 1913, Geology and water resources of p. 279-292; and v. 2, no. 4, P. 353-370. contain important early descriptions of streams in southern Arizona Sulphur Spring Valley, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper Way (p. 157) described the marshy Cienega Creek east of Tucson near including the headwaters of San Bernardino Creek, Whitewater Draw, uppe 320, 231 Vail. The Cienega Creek marshes are now dry. San Pedro River, Babocomari River, lower Santa Cruz River, and Gila p. Miller, R. R., 1954, A drainage map of Arizona: Systematic Zool., v. 3, Wheeler, C. C., [no date], History and facts concerning Warner and Silver Lake River. and the Santa Cruz River: Tucson, Arizona Hist. Soc. unpub. ms., 3 p. Cooke, R. U., and Reeves, R. W., 1976, Arroyos and environmental change in the p. 80-81. 1875, Annual report upon the geographical explorations and American south-west. London, Oxford Univ. Press, 213 p. 1961, Man and the changing fish fauna of the American Southwest: Wheeler, G. M., of the 100th meridian, 1875-1889 (in seven volumes): *- Cooley, M. E., Harshbarger, J. W., Akers, J. P., and Hardt, W. F., 1969, Michigan Acad. Sci., Arts, and Letters, v. 66, p. 365-404. surveys west Govt. Printing Office, 7 v. with supplements. Regional hydrogeology of the Navajo and Hopi Indian Reservations, Ari- Minckley, W. L., 1973, Fishes of Arizona: Arizona Game and Fish Dept., 293 p. Washington, U.S. of explorations for a railway route, in Reports zona, New Mexico, and Utah: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 521-A, 61 p. According to Minck1ey (p. 107-108, 138-139, 163-164, 179-180, and Whipple, A. W., 1856, Report of explorations and surveys: U.S. 33d Cong., 2d sess., Ex. Doc. 91, v. A map that shows the perennial streams in the Navajo and Hopi Indian 202-203), fish species collected by early investigators in the head- 3, pts. 1-4, 551 p. in northern Arizona is given on page 40. waters of San Bernardino Creek below Astin Spring in southeastern Reservations Little Colorado River Corle, Edwin, 1951, The Gila-River of the Southwest: New York, Rinehart and Arizona strongly suggest that the San Bernardino was perennial in the Whipple described the (p. 73), (p. Sandy River and its tribu- Co., 402 p. recent past. 10. 75-81), Big Chino Valley 90-931, Big (p. 105-109). Cosalich, Bernice, 1953, Tucson: Tucson, Arizona Silhouettes, 307 p. Mining and Scientific Press, 1831, Rivers in Arizona: Mining and Sci. Press, taries (p. 95-1031, and the Bill Williams River of Robert Whitworth, in From the Mississippi Gouts, C. J., 1961, Hepah, California--The journal of Cave Johnson Gouts, v. 42, 404 p. Whitworth, Robert, 1965, Journal Englishman in the Mormon Battalion, by D. B. Glacey 1848-49---H. F. Dobyns, ed.: Tucson, Arizona Mist. Soc., 113 p. Mollhaussen, Baldwin, 1858, Diary of a journey from the Mississippi to the CR the Pacific--An Arizona and the West, v. 7, no. 2, Cox, C. C., 1925, From Texas to California in 1849, Mabelle Martin, ed.: Pacific with a United States Government expedition, with an Introduction, and H. J. Rugeley: Tucson, El Paso, Southwestern Hist. Quart., v. 29, p. 128-146. by Alexander von Humboldt (in two volumes): London, Longman, Brown, p. 127-160. Tex., ground-water conditions in the San Bernar- Davis, A. P., 1897, Irrigation near Phoenix, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Goeen, Longman, and Roberts, v. 1, 352 p.; v. P. 395 p. Wilson, R. P., 1976, Maps showing County, Arizona--1975: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 2, 98 p. Mowry, Sylvester, 1871, Arizona and --The geography, history, and dino Valley area, Cochise 75-81, 2 sheets. Davis, G. P., 1973, Man and wildlife in Arizona--The pre-settlement era, resources of the silver region of North America: New York, Harper and Water-Resources Inv. of an arid basin Tres Alamos-Redington area, 1823-1864: Arizona Univ. unpub. M.S. thesis, 251 p. Brothers, 251 p. Zimmerman, R. C., Plant ecology southeastern Arizona: U.S. Geol. Prof. Paper 485-0, 51 p.