50 MILES 25 50 KILOMETERS n4I.VLIngt,r10. " 7,i7T L'11,74g NOVI "4,,tgITT EXPLANATION PERENNIAL STREAM--Includes streas that WETLAND--Poorly drained land and shallow 3500 feet ELEVATION CONTOUR—Datum is mean sea level have reaches of interrupted flow during bodies of water that support well- Base flow periods of extreme drought developed emergent or submergent aquatic <3500 feet Unregulated streams at these elevations <10 10-50 50-250 cubic feet per second flora provide habitat exclusively for warm- Flow unregulated water fish species, such as longfin dace <500 acres .„1,2500 acres Unregulated water supply (Agosia chrysogaster) and red shiner Flow regulated <SOO acres >500 acres (Notropis lutrensis) Regulated water supply Base flow mainly or entirely municipal, 3500-5500 feet Streams at these elevations mainly are <500 acres .„ >500 acres industrial, or agricultural wastewater Mainly or entirely supplied by wastewater populated by warm-water fish species EPHEMERAL, INTERMITTENT, OR WASTEWATER €3■ FORMER WETLAND--Now wholly or partly dry 5500-7500 feet Streams at these elevations mainly are STREAM—Flow was perennial prior to populated by cold-water fish species diversion, impoundment, or decline of ground-water levels >7500 feet Streams at these elevations provide habitat exclusively for cold-water MAJOR RESERVOIR THAT REGULATES STREAMFLOW fish species, such as Arizona trout (Salmo apache) and rainbow trout (S. gairdneri) DRAINAGE MAP OF ARIZONA SHOWING PERENNIAL STREAMS AND SOME IMPORTANT WETLANDS COMPILED BY D. E BROWN. ARIZONA GAME AND FISH DEPARTMENT AND N. a CARMONY AND R. M. TURNER, U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1 978 Railroads of Arizona--Volume 1, The southern roads: GLOSSARY Davis, N. H., 1897, Letter to Capt. Benjamin C. Cutler, June 5, 1864, in The Myrick, D. F., 1975, War of the Rebellion-A compilation of the official records of the Union Berkeley, Calif., Howell-North Books, 477 p. and Confederate Armies: Secretary of War, ser. 1, v. 50, pt. II, Ohnesorgen, William, 1929, Reminiscences: Tucson, Arizona Hist. Soc. unpub. ms.. Op. BASE FLOW. Sustained or dry-weather flow; the minimum flow of a perennial p. 869-872. Olmstead, F. H., 1919, Gila River flood control-A report on flood control of stream. The base flow of unregulated perennial streams in Arizona is Davis recommended that the proposed Fort Goodwin be /orated at "La . the upper Gila the Gila River in Graham County, Arizona: U.S. 65th Cong., 3d sans.. ground-water discharge into a stream channel and the volume generally Cienega Grande near the present community of Geronimo on River. The marshes in this area have now largely disappeared. S. Doc. 436, 94 p. does not vary greatly from year to year. for railroad routes, in Explora- Dellenbaugh, F. S., 1908, A canyon voyage: New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, Parke, J. G., 1857, Report of explorations CIENEGA. A marsh, bog, or miry place. practicable and economical route 277 p. tions and surveys to ascertain the most GROUND WATER. Water in the ground that is in the zone of saturation, from for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean: U.S. Dellenbaugh (p. 244-246) reported no flow in Kanab Creek for many miles which wells and springs are supplied. 33d Cong., 2d sess., S. Ex. Doc. 78, v. 7, 469 p. REACH. The length of part of a stream channel. below the settlement of Kanab, Utah, in September 1872. River, Pattie, J. O., 1905, The personal narrative of James O. Pattie, in Volume 18, FLOW. Flow that is manipulated by man. The discharge patterns, DiPeso, C. C., 1951, The Babocomari Village site on the Babocomari REGULATED p. Early western travels, 1748-1846, R. G. Thwaites, ed.: Cleveland, Ohio, temperatures, and suspended-sediment loads of regulated streams may southeastern Arizona: Dragoon, Ariz., The Amerind Found., Inc., 248 John E. Durivage, in Southern Arthur H. Clark Co., 379 p. create an environment unfavorable to the native aquatic fauna. Durivage, J. E., 1937, Letters and journal of trails to California in 1849, R. P. Bieber, ed.: Glendale, Ealif., V. Peterson, C. S., 1973, Take up your mission-Mormon colonizing along the RESERVOIR. A pond, lake, or basin--either natural or artificial--used for Arizona Univ. Press, 309 p. Arthur H. Clark Co., Southwest Mist. Ser., v. 5, p. 159-255. Little Colorado River, 1870-1900: Tucson, storage, regulation, and control of water. The reservoirs shown on th Marshall, J. T., Jr., and Monson, Gale, 1964, The birds of Durivage (p. 205-227) described streams and watering places in southern Phillips, A. R., map in green are artificial. Arizona: Tucson, Arizona Univ. Press, 212 p. STREAM. A general term for a body of flowing water. In hydrology the term Arizona during May and June 1849. on the southwestern trail, , Powell, H. M. T., 1931, The Santa Fe trail to California, 1849-1852: San generally is applied to the water flowing in a natural channel as dis- Eccleston, Robert, 1950, Overland to California 1849, G. P. Hammond and E. H. Howes, eds.: Berkeley, California Univ. Francisco, Grabhorn Press, 272 p. tinct from a canal. Powell, J. W., 1874, Reports of the exploration in 1873 of the Colorado of the Streams in natural channels may be classified as follows: Press, 256 p. Fort Leavenworth West and its tributaries: Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 36 p. Relation to time. Emory, W. H., 1848, Notes of a military reconnaissance, from in Missouri, to San Diego in California, including part of Arkansas, Del 1879, Report on the arid lands of the United States, with a more PERENNIAL. One that flows continuously. detailed account of the lands of Utah: Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing INTERMITTENT. One that flows only at certain times of the yea Morte, and Gila Rivers: U.S. 30th Gong., 1st sess., Ex. Doc. 41, 614 p. Office, 195 p. when it receives water from springs or from some surface The report is the first detailed investigation of the Gila River from Pumpelly, Raphael, 1870, Across America and Asia: New York, Leopoldt and source, such as melting snow at high elevations. its headwaters to its mouth. 454 p. that flows only in direct response to precipi- 1857, Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Survey (in Holt, EPHEMERAL. One Reid's tramp. Selma, Ala., John Hardy and Co., 237 p. tation and whose channel is at all times above the water two volumes): U.S. 34th Gong., 1st sess., S. Ex. Doc. 108. Reid, J. C., 1858, ., 4 p. Roeske, R. H., and Werrell, W. L., 1973, Hydrologic conditions in the San table. Etz, D. B., 1938, Reminiscences: Tucson, Arizona Hist. Soc. unpub. ms in Mexican gold trail, Pedro River valley, Arizona, 1971: Arizona Water Comm. Bull. 4, 76 p. Relation to space. Evans, G. W. B., 1945, The journal of G. W. B. Evans, Ross, C. P., 1923, The lower Gila region, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Water- CONTINUOUS. One that does not have interruption in space. G. S. Dumke, ed.: San Marino, Calif., Huntington Library, 340 p. Supply Paper 498, 237 p. INTERRUPTED. One that contains alternating reaches that are Fergusson, Major David, 1862, Cultivated fields in and about Tucson: Tucson, Rothrock, J. T., 1875, Preliminary and general botanical report, with remarks either perennial, intermittent, or ephemeral. Arizona Mist. Soc. map, scale 1:3600. upon the general topography of the region traversed in New Mexico and WASTEWATER. Water that was used initially for agricultural, industrial, or ,*Fish, Joseph, 1970, Life and times of Joseph Fish, Mormon pioneer, J. H. Arizona--its climatology, forage, plants, timber, irrigation and sanitary purposes and that was subsequently lost to the user or dis- Krenkel, ed.: Danville, Ill., Interstate Printers, 543 p. municipal conditions, in Annual report upon the geographical explorations and charged as being superfluous. Wastewater generally contains contam- In July 1879 Fish (p. 193-1941 found no flow in the Little Colorado surveys west of the 100th meridian: Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing inating waste products, which may create an environment unfavorable to River from near present-day Winslow to near the mouth of Moenkopi Wash. Graham, J. D., 1852, Report of Lieutenant Colonel Graham on the subject of the Office, p. 117-129. the native aquatic fauna. H. C., 1942, Rainfall and runoff in the upper Santa Cruz River and shallow bodies of water that support well- boundary line between the United States and Mexico: U.S. 32d Gong., 1st Schwalen, WETLAND. Poorly drained land Univ., Agr. Expt. Sta. Tech. Bull. 95, 472 P. flora. Most of the wetlands sess., Ex. Doc. 121, 250 P. drainage basin: Arizona developed emergent or submergent aquatic Shaw, R. J., 1957, Ground water supplies of Santa Cruz provide important habitat for waterfowl. The floral Gray, A. B., 1963, The A. B. Gray report--Survey of a route for the Southern Schwalen, H. C., and shown on this map Expt. Sta. Bull. 288, 119 p. (termed marshes or cien gas Pacific Railroad on the 32nd Parallel-L. R. Bailey, ed.: Los Angeles, Valley: Arizona Univ., Agr. characteristics of most of the former wetlands A. T., 1917, Ground water in the San Simon Valley, Arizona and in the early literature) shown on the map are poorly documented. Westernlore Press, 240 p. Schwennesen, * Gregory, H. E., 1916, The Navajo country: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply ' New Mexico: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 425-A, p. 1-23. Paper 380, 219 P. Schwennesen (p. 61 described the San Simon Cienega and stated that the 1917, Geology of the Navajo country: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper outflow from the cienega into San Simon Creek was nearly perennial. Gila and San Carlos CONVERSION FACTORS 93, 161 p.