Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-84007-1 — the Veil of Participation Alexander Hudson Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-84007-1 — The Veil of Participation Alexander Hudson Index More Information

Index

Ackerman, Bruce, 15, 29 Brandão Monteiro, José Carlos, 102 advertising, 1, 2, 56, 57, 80 Brasília, 98 Afghanistan, 1 Brazil, 2, 9, 25, 39, 46, 78, 120, 138, 176, 179 African Christian Democratic Party, 52, 71 Bright Future party (Iceland), 136 African National Congress, 3, 13, 22, 39, 44–48, 77, Bucaram, Abdalá, 153 181 Constitution Committee, 43 Camerer, Sheila, 74 internal discipline, 53, 55, 66 Canada, 18, 33 view of public participation, 72 capital punishment, 74 Afrikaners, 46, 64 Carey, John, 25, 178 Al-Noor Party (Egypt), 158 case selection, 8, 80, 113 Alþingi, 115, 116, 120, 133 Catholic Church, 100, 101 Alarcón, Fabián, 153 Centrão, 3, 23, 86 Albania, 162–164 Central Única dos Trabalhadores, 101 Albert, Richard, 183 Chabane, Ohm Collins, 36 Aliança Renovadora Nacional, 85 Chambers, Simone, 29 Alianza País, 154, 155 Charlottetown Accord, 18 Almond, Gabriel, 26 Choudhry, Sujit, 5 amendments, constitutional, 42, 46, 80, 81, 180 citizens’ assemblies, 185 apartheid, 41–45, 76 civil society organizations, 87, 96–98, 101, 115, 129 Arinos Commission, 108–111 Colón-Ríos, Joel, 28 Arinos, Afonso, 108 Colombia, 170–172 Assembleia Nacional Constituinte, 23, 27, 85, Committee of Experts (Kenya), 157 84–86, 87, 91, 102, 107, 109, 112 Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, 32 rules of procedure, 99 Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores na Systematization Commission, 84, 100 Agricultura, 99, 101 Confederación de Nacionalidades Indígenas del Banting, Keith G., 16 Ecuador, 153, 154 Bantustan, 41, 46 Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil, 100 Batavian Republic, 2 Congrès pour la République (Tunisia), 152 Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine, 151 Congress of the People, 43 Benin, 172–173 Congresso Nacional do Brasil, 27, 81, 83, 85–87 Berisha, Sali, 162 constituent assembly, 17 Bjornsson, Sveinn, 115 constituent power, 4, 28–29, 76, 183 Blount, Justin, 17, 18, 20 constitution, 15 Bomas, 157 content as outcome, 34, 95

219

220 Index

durability of, 179 Colombia, 170, 171 quality of, 178–180 Ecuador, 154 Constitution of Kenya Review Commission, 156, Egypt, 158 157 Iceland, 117, 116–134 constitution-making process, 15–20 Kenya, 156, 157 and democracy, 32, 33 Nicaragua, 160 design of, 17, 186–188 Paraguay, 165 institutional arrangements, 17 Poland, 149 stages, 16 Romania, 151 transparency, 117, 187 South Africa, 42, 47–49 Constitutional Assembly (South Africa), 44, 48, Spain, 147 49, 68 Tunisia, 152 Constitutional Committee, 51 Uganda, 169 Technical Committees, 52, 59 Elkins, Zachary, 15, 17–20, 138, 179, 183 Theme Committees, 51, 59, 67, 74 Elster, Jon, 16, 18, 19 Constitutional Council (Iceland), 114, 116–120, Ennahda, 152 122, 133 environmental protection, 124 Constitutional Court (South Africa), 44, 76 Epstein, Leon, 22 Constitutional Loya Jirga, 1 Ettakatol, 152 constitutional moment, 4, 6, 29, 115 Evangelical Lutheran Church, 119 Constitutional Principles (South Africa), 76–77 Eyadéma, Gnassingbe, 166 continuity, legal, 46 Contras, 160 Facebook, 118, 121 Convention for a Democratic South Africa, 45, 54 federalism, 45, 46, 77 Coppedge, Michael, 24 Fiji, 34 Correa, Rafeal, 154 Finland, 122 coup d’etat, 82, 158 football (soccer), 89 Covas, Mario, 102 France, 2 crowdsourcing, 113, 117, 136 Franco, Francisco, 147 Cuba, 2 Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt), 158 Freedom Charter, 42 de Klerk, Frederik Willem, 47 Freedom Front, 52 democracy, 14 Frente Nacional (Colombia), 170 as outcome, 32–33, 180 Frente Patrioótico (Ecuador), 153 deliberative, 32 Front Sandinista de Liberación National, 160 liberal, 3 Democratic Alliance (Egypt), 158 gender equity, 117, 161, 166 democratic innovations, 4, 181, 185–186 Ginsburg, Ruth Bader, 178 Democratic Party (Albania), 162–164 Democratic Party (Kenya), 156 Ginsburg, Tom, 15, 17–20, 23, 37, 138, 179 Democratic Party (South Africa), 45, 71 Great Recession, 114, 120 Denmark, 114, 122 Guimarães, Ulysses, 79, 80 Diamond, Larry, 24 Gunther, Richard, 24 Diretas Já, 16, 82–84, 88, 98, 110 Duverger, Maurice, 22 Haddad, Jamil, 95 Hani, Chris, 47 Ebrahim, Hassen, 55, 58 Hart, Vivien, 5, 32 Economic Freedom Fighters, 40 Hirschl, Ran, 37, 44 Ecuador, 153–155 Huntington, Samuel, 23 Egypt, 34, 131, 158–160 Hurtado, Álvaro Gómez, 171 Eisenstadt, Todd, 16, 17, 19, 32, 138, 139 elections Iceland, 9, 138, 179, 182 Albania, 162, 163 Icesave dispute, 119 Brazil, 17, 83, 85, 95 Independence Party (Iceland), 116, 119, 134

Index 221

Independent Election Commission (South Multi-party Negotiating Process (South Africa), Africa), 47–48 45, 54, 74, 76 Independent Panel of Constitutional Experts Museveni, Yoweri, 168 (South Africa), 51, 60 Muslim Brotherhood, 158 inequality, material, 44, 96 Inkatha Freedom Party, 45, 52 Nadi, Ghazal, 34, 159, 160 Instituto Paraguayano del Indígena, 166 Nano, Fatos, 162 Interim Constitution (South Africa), 41, 44, 46, National Alliance of Kenya, 156 47, 49, 53, 59, 75 National Constitutional Convention (Kenya), 157 Internet, 113, 118, 122, 124, 126, 140, 179 National Forum (Iceland), 115–116 Israel, 15 National Party (South Africa), 3, 37, 39, 41, 44–48, 71, 75, 77 Jefferson, Thomas, 182 National Rainbow Coalition (Kenya), 156 judicialization of politics, 44 National Resistance Movement (Uganda), 168, 169 National Salvation Front (Romania), 150 Kérékou, Mathieu, 172 natural resources, 124 Karzai, Hamid, 1 negotiations, inter party, 66–68, 75, 77 Kelsen, Hans, 28 Negretto, Gabriel, 34 Kenya, 156–158 Netto, Amaral, 105 Kenyan African National Union, 156 Neves, Tancredo, 83, 108 Key, Valdimer Orlando, 22 New Zealand, 15 Kibaki, Mwai, 156, 157 Nicaragua, 160–162 Knight, Philip, 60 Norway, 122 Koffigoh, Joseph Kokou, 167 Odinga, Raila, 156, 157 Landemore, Hélène, 5, 34 Odoki, Benjamin Josses, 168 Left-Green Movement, 114, 136 opinion polls, 64, 103–105, 119 legitimacy, constitutional, 4, 28, 38, 42, 67, 69, Organization for Security and Co-operation in 133, 181 Europe, 163 sociological, 184, 181–184 legitimacy, political Pachakutik, 154 input, 27 Paine, Thomas, 4 legitimacy, political Pan Africanist Congress, 43, 45 output, 32 Pandor, Naledi, 14 Leon, Anthony, 66, 74 Paraguay, 164–166 LeVan, A. Carl, 16, 17, 19, 32, 138, 139 Parliament of South Africa, 40, 44, 46, 47, 49, 52, Liberal Democratic Party (Kenya), 156 65 liberation movements, 46 Parti de la révolution populaire du Bénin, 172 Lithuania, 149–150 participatory budgeting, 185 Partido Colorado, 164–166 Maboudi, Tofigh, 16, 17, 19, 32, 34, 138, 139, 151, Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira, 86 152, 159, 160 Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro, Maciel, Lysâneas, 106 85 Mainwaring, Scott, 23 Partido dos Trabalhadores, 14, 86 Mandela, Nelson, 1, 45 Partido Liberal Colombiano, 170 Melton, James, 15, 19, 138, 179 Partido Liberal Radical Auténtico, 165 Meyer, Roelf, 45, 70, 76 Partido Social Conservador, 170 minority rule, 42 Partido Socialista Brasileiro, 95 Morsi, Mohammed, 158 partidocracia, 154 Movimento Democrático Brasileiro , 85 Party of National Unity (Kenya), 157 Movimiento 19 de Abril, 171 party system, 14, 23, 84 Movimiento de Salvación Nacional, 171 party-mediation thesis, 6, 12–14, 137–139, 184 Mubarak, Hosni, 158 partyarchy, 24

222 Index

Passoni, Irma, 106 revolution, constitutional, 134 Pateman, Carole, 30 Reynolds, Andrew, 25 petitions, 65 rights Pirate Party (Iceland), 136 as focus of participation, 132, 130–172 Poland, 148–149 children’s, 35, 64, 124 policy guidance, 186–188 generic core, 140 political knowledge, 104 group, 45, 77 political parties, 12, 20–27, 184–185 in constitutions, 42, 43 strength, 141 indigenous, 155, 161, 166 absence of, 134 individual, 46 Brazil, 84–86 novel, 139, 142, 144, 177 disciplined, 13, 24, 25, 52 of animals, 126 functions, 22, 26 social, 101 functions of, 13 to life, 74 Iceland, 114, 133 to property, 40, 44, 102 number, 23 Rio de Janeiro, 94, 100 programmatic, 13, 24 Rodríguez, Andrés, 164 South Africa, 45, 52 Romania, 150–151 strength, 13, 20, 23, 25, 82, 87, 143 Rosenbluth, Frances McCall, 23, 27 virtues of, 13, 20, 184 Roznai, Yaniv, 28 popular amendments, 99–103 Russell, Peter, 18, 19 popular sovereignty, 29, 106 Porto Alegre, 185 presidentialism, 42, 103, 110 São Paulo, 88 Processamento de Dados do Senado Federal, 89, Saati, Abrak, 32, 34 91, 105 Sachs, Albert Louis, 43 Progressive Party (Iceland), 119, 136 Sampaio, Plínio, 102 proportional representation, 130 Sarney, José, 179 public participation Sarney, José, 80, 104, 108, 109 and education, 174 Sartori, Giovanni, 22, 23 as a legal right, 31 Scarrow, Howard A., 26 as a source of legitimacy, 29, 30, 38, 181–182 Schattschneider, Elmer Eric, 25–26 awareness of, 57 Schmitt, Carl, 28 demographics, 27, 93, 106, 108, 122, 123, 183 Shapiro, Ian, 23, 27 design of, 186–188 Sieyès, Emmanuel Joseph, 28 direct impacts of, 13, 35, 102, 126, 125–182 Simeon, Richard, 16 in Brazil, 87–89, 99–101 Sistema de Apoio Informático à Constituinte, in Iceland, 117–119 90–94, 97, 176 in South Africa, 54–58 Social Democratic Alliance (Iceland), 114 indirect impacts of, 13, 35 Socialist Party (Albania), 162, 164 levels of, 18–20, 74, 101, 118, 120, 122, 186 Solidarity (Poland), 149 means of, 5, 18, 56, 87, 89, 99–100, 107, 118, 121, South Africa, 1, 2, 9, 25, 35, 111, 120, 138, 140, 158, 176, 186, 187 176, 178, 182 organized, 92, 99, 97–111 South African Communist Party, 22 sites of, 33 Spain, 146–148 systematic effects of, 143 Stjórnlagaráð, trends in, 30 see Constitutional Council (Iceland), 116 uses of, 12, 28, 36, 75, 78, 185, 184–185 Stroessner, Alfredo, 164 Suarez, Adolfo, 147 Ramaphosa, Cyril, 40, 45, 50, 70–71, 76 Sunstein, Cass, 178 Rassemblement du Peuple Togolais , 166 Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (Egypt), Rawls, John, 2, 64 158 referendum, 5, 18, 19, 115, 118–119, 168, 173, 183 Supreme Court (Iceland), 116 Reform Party (Iceland), 136 Sweden, 122

Index 223

Tahrir Square, 158 United States Congress, 26 Tambo, Oliver, 46 United States of America, 18, 26, 29, 122 Tanzania, 146 Togo, 166–168 Vargas, Getulio, 85, 98 traditional law, 39 Venezuela, 24 treaties, human rights, 31, 122 Venice Commission, 164 trust, in politics, 4 Volkstaat, 64, 67 Tunisia, 151–153 von Savigny, Friedrich Carl, 4 Tushnet, Mark, 4, 5 Tutu, Desmond, 61, 66 Waldron, Jeremy, 31 Washington Consensus, 154 Uganda, 168–170, 177 Wessels, Leon, 51 Umkhonto we Sizwe, 43 Widner, Jennifer, 16, 33 União Democrática Ruralista, 98 Union of the Democratic Center (Spain), 147 Zambia, 46 United Kingdom, 15 Zimbabwe, 2