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Baca Formation in the Area Around Socorro, New Mexico Anonymous, 1963, Pp New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/14 Baca Formation in the area around Socorro, New Mexico Anonymous, 1963, pp. 100-101 in: Socorro Region, Kuellmer, F. J.; [ed.], New Mexico Geological Society 14th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 204 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1963 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States. No material from the NMGS website, or printed and electronic publications, may be reprinted or redistributed without NMGS permission. Contact us for permission to reprint portions of any of our publications. One printed copy of any materials from the NMGS website or our print and electronic publications may be made for individual use without our permission. Teachers and students may make unlimited copies for educational use. Any other use of these materials requires explicit permission. This page is intentionally left blank to maintain order of facing pages. BACA FORMATION IN THE AREA AROUND SOCORRO, N. M. AuoNvrvrous-II It is hoped that the following notes on the Baca DISTRIBUTION OF THE BACA Formation will serve as a general introduction to FORMATION this unit. The Baca has not 6een given the attention The distribution of the Baca Formation in areas its dis- that it deserves, and knowledge concerning west of the Rio Grande valley is very inadequately is tribution, thicknesses, and lithologic variations known. It seems possible, however, that it may,be inadequate. quite extensive in-the general area of the Mogollon Mountains and the volcanic plateaus to the north. HISTORY OF NOMENCLATURE Some observers are of the opinion that the Baca extends into the western part of New In r9ro, Gardner, during a reconnaissance of the Formation Mexico along the general route of Highway 6o, and Carthage Coal Field southJast of Socorro, noted red one observer has tentatively reported it (oral com- beds aid conglomeratic sandstones adiacent to the munication) in extreme eastern Arizona. coal field. In-addition, he collected vertebrate re- On the east side of the Rio Grande valley the Baca mains later identified by W. Gidley as Palaeo' J. is preserved in a narrow and discontinuous belt from syops. Gidley also expressed the opinion that the a point east of the north end of Hills south- containing rocks were Bridger (Eo991e)-in age. foyita to the vicinity of Cerritos del Coyote. Farther In a relport prepared by-D. E. Winchester and wird there are only a few isolated exposures until published-in r9zo, the name Datil Formation was south, three miles north of U.S. Highrvay proposed for approximately zooo feet of indurated a point is reached where continuous exposures are encountered for i,oldarric tuff, r'hyolite, crois-bedded sandstone, and 38o a distance of between and 8 miles along the east conglomerate. These rocks out in the Datil 7 -crop south sides of the Carthage Coal Field. It is lVlointains of Socorro and Catron counties and are and quite possible that there are additional exPosures also known at a numbei of othei places in Socorro farthei south; however, that area is geologically very County. time. In i946, Wilpolt and others pu_blished the re- poorly known at the present The Baca at the type locality aPPears to rest con- sults of their investigations of foyita Hills, Los Piflos formably sandstones of the Mesaverde Forma- Mountains, and the northern part of Chupadera on Gardner reperted rooo feet of strata, later at- Mesa. Red beds and conglomeratic sandstones in tion. tributed to the Baca Formation by Wilpolt in the and adjacent to this area were observed and reported Carthage area. This is believed to be a very conserva- at a number of places in the Rio Grande trough. In may be the vicinity of the Carthage Coal Field, volcanic tive figure; it is possible that the thickness 2ooo leet. In the Carthage atea, the Baca rocks underlain by red sandstone, shale, and con- as much as rests various Cretaceous rocks but else- glomerate were also noted. The investigators corre- locally on the same area is in sedin-rentary contact lated the sequence with the Datil Formation of Win- where in rocks as old as the Dockum Formation of Up- chester tiut noted that the red sandstones, shales, with per Triassic age. is thus apparent that the Baca and conglomerates in the basal part of the sequ_enc_e It and, undoubtedly at contained Palaeosyops as earlier reported by Gard- bevels the older formations its original distribution, beveled all ner. It was decided that the Datil should be divided some points in rocks in the area, since it con- into two formations, the older of which is Eocene in the older sedimentary conspicuous quantities of pebbles and cobbles age and the younger Middle or Late Tertiary. They tains the pre-Cambrian. pioposed the name Baca Formation for the Eocene derived from unit and defined a type locality at Baca Canyon in the Bear Mountains, an eastern extension of the POSSIBLE CORRELATIVE FORMATIONS Datil Mountains. At the type locality, the Baca is The Baca is one of several formations that occur 684 feet thick and consists of conglomerate, red and in and adjacent to the Rio Grande valley that ap- Iight gray sandstone, and red clay shale- The beds of pear to be approximate correlatives. To the south, conglomerate include pebbles and cobbles derived it seems very likely that the McRae Formation is an from pre-Cambrian and from Pennsylvanian and approximate correlative and documents part of the Permian strata. sime chapter in geologic history as does the Baca. Nrw Mrxrco Gsorocrclr Socrnrv-FounrmNrn Frrro CoNTERENcE 101 To the north, in the vicinity of Albuquerque and SEDIMENTARY HISTORY from there to the Cerrillos Hills on the margin of In central and northern New Mexico there are two the Santa Fe Plateau, the Galisteo crops out. It also suites of orogenic sediments. The earlier of these is is lithologically similar to the Baca Formation and the Baca and the later the Santa Fe Formation. The is probably about the same age. Santa Fe Formation is obviously the product of Mid- In the vicinity of Taos, an unnamed formation dle and Late Tertiary mountain building, and this that greatly resembles the Baca lies immediately be- has long been recognized. low the Picuris Tufi and rests disconformably on the However, the fact that the Baca and correlative Sangre de Cristo Formation. formations document earlier orogenic episodes has Finally, red beds called by Smith the EI Rito For- been largely overlooked prior to the last two decades. mation in the southern part of the Brazos uplift ap- It is now clear that the Baca, McRae, Galisteo, El pear to be generally correlative with the formations Rito, and correlative formations are suites of sedi- mentioned above. ments deposited in basins adjacent to mountain ranges that were formed during very Early Tertiary AGE and possibly Late Cretaceous times. The sediments suggest deposition in rapidly sinking basins inasmuch The Baca has been determined to be Eocene on as, locally, some of the formations are at least 5ooo the basis of vertebrate remains collected by Gardner. feet thick. They also attest to deep erosion of the With the exception of fossil wood, no further pale- flanking uplifts since cobbles of Paleozoic limestone ontologic information regarding the Baca has come and pre-Cambrian granite and quartzite are present to light. The woods, which have been identified as in abundance in some of the conglomerate beds. It Palmoxylon sp. and Leguminoxylon sp., support the is now apparent that some of the episodes of the Eocene age assignment but throw no further light on Laramide orogeny involved areas at least as far south the matter. as central New Mexico and well beyond the region plains, gen- Evidence from the apparently correlative McRae of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent regarded as the limits of this period of moun- Formation is conflicting. According to Lee (tgoZ) erally tain building. and Kelley and Silver (rq1r), the lower part of the triceratopsian dino- McRae Formation has yielded REFERENCES saur remains in the vicinity of Elephant Butte res- Gardner, fames H. (r9ro) The Carthage coal field, N. Mex., U.S. ervoir. py very arbitrary convention, strata contain- Geol. Surv., Bull. 38t, p.454. ing dinosaurs, includingTficeratops, are classified as Kelley, Vincent C., ind Silvi:i,'Caswel! ( rg5r)- Geology oI the Ca' bailoMountains, Univ. N. Mex., Pub. geol. ser., n.4, P.rr5- pre-Cenozoic. In consequence, at least the lower part 120.
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