Oil and Gas Plays on the Pueblo Indian Reservations -- New Mexico
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PUEBLO INDIAN RESERVATIONS ALBUQUERQUE, ESPANOLA, AND SAN LUIS BASIN USGS OIL & GAS Geology Geologic Structure A majority of the Pueblo Indian Reservations are located within the In mid-Oligocene time, regional extension occurred along a major RESOURCE PROVINCES Rio Grande Rift, which trends north-northeast from south-central north-trending zone of weakness called the Rio Grande Rift. As the New Mexico to central Colorado (Chapin, 1971). In addition, small rift opened, it broke en echelon along pre-rift lineaments developed segments of the Pueblo Reservation overlie the Acoma Basin, located during earlier orogenies (Fig. P-3). High heat flow and volcanism 4 - ROCKY MOUNTAINS AND to the west of the Rio Grande Rift, and the Raton Basin which lies accompanied rifting. The resulting offset of the graben along old NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS east of the San Luis Basin in northeast New Mexico (Fig. P-1). The structural lineaments and the uneven distribution of the volcanic rift lies along boundaries of several major physiographic provinces, centers have divided the rift basin into sub-basins which include, the most fundamental of which are the Great Plains and Southern from south to north, the Albuquerque, Espanola (or Santa Fe), and 7 - MID-CONTINENT Rocky Mountains to the east, and the Colorado Plateau and Basin San Luis basins. The southern extension of the Espanola Basin is and Range to the west (Fig. P-2). The sedimentary layers that fill known as the Hagan and Santa Fe Embayments, which are separated these basins gently dip towards the center of the basin, which has by the Cerrillos Uplift, a late Tertiary east-tilted fault block (Fig. P- dropped in relation to the surrounding strata due to normal or exten 4). The Hagan embayment is west of the Cerrillos Uplift and the sional faulting associated with the Rio Grande Rift. Santa Fe Embayment is to the east. For discussion purposes, these The follo wing sections describe the geology of the (1) Albuquer two embayments are combined and are called the Hagan-Santa Fe que-Santa Fe Rift Province, (2) Raton Basin-Sierra Grande Uplift Embayment. In addition, the San Luis Basin has been further divid Province with focus on the southern Raton Basin, and (3) South-Cen ed into, from east to west, the Baca Graben, the Alamosa Horst, the tral New Mexico Province, in particular the Acoma Basin. Oil and Monte Vista Graben, and the San Juan Sag (Gries, 1985). gas production within each province is summarized in the Structure within the rift basins is lar gely masked by late Tertiary "Production Overview" section. and Quaternary basin fill. Geophysical (mainly gravity) data indi 3 - COLORADO Uncompahgre San Luis cate varying amounts of Tertiary fill (Cordell-Lindrith et PLATEAU AND Brazos uplift Basin al., 1982). The west sides of the basins are generally BASIN RANGE downdropped in a stepwise fashion by many down-to- San Juan Raton Bravo Basin Basin Dome the-east normal faults. The deepest parts of the basins Sierre Grande are generally on the east side (Fig. P-4). uplift W ells penetrating the Mesozoic and Paleozoic sec tion in the Albuquerque Basin also indicate that the basin Espanola is down-dropped by many normal faults. Wells in the Zuni Basin uplift Albuquerque middle of the basin indicate more than 10,000 feet of Basin Tucumcari fault displacement between wells just a few miles apart Acoma Basin Basin (Black, 1982). The deepest well drilled in the Albuquer Baca que Basin, the Shell Oil Co. Isleta No. 2 was in Tertiary Basin Estancia rocks at a total depth of 21,266 feet. The vertical relief 5 - WEST TEXAS AND Basin Roosevelt Pedernal between the projected Precambrian surface in that well lift EASTERN NEW MEXICO Basin up and the Precambrian rocks exposed in the Manzano Mountains 16 miles to the east is at least 32,000 feet. Palomas Basin Burro uplift Tularosa Delaware Basin Basin Florida uplift Mesilla Figure P-2. Location of Pueblo Indian Reservations with respect to USGS defined geologic provinces of the United States (modified after Basin Charpentier et al., 1996). Pedregosa Basin Area of Pueblo Reservation outside geologic basin Area of Pueblo Reservation that lies within geologic basin 100 miles Figure P-1. Outline of major geologic basins in New Mexico with respect to the Pueblo Indian Reservations (modified after Broadhead, 1996). PUEBLO INDIAN RESERVATIONS Geology Overview 1 NEW MEXICO A A' 15,000 ft. Humble Oil and Refining Co. Shell Oil Co. Santa Fe Pacific No. B-1 COLORADO Santa Fe Pacific No.1 Sec.18, T13N, R3E Mesa Prieta Sec. 20, T14N, R1W Ceja Del Rio Puerco NEW MEXICO Rio Puerco Fault Zone Cr isto uplift EXPLANATION ande River SEA LEVEL Chama Rio Gr Basin Uplift, rift and caldera faults San Luis Basin de Axis of syncline o 107 Sang re 36o 36o Los Alamos Index Espanola Basin 30,000 ft. Colorado PLA TEA U Santa Fe A' A'' New . Santa F Tejon Oil and Development 15,000 ft. Mexico Basin Tijera fault (Lease Unknown) No. 1 Jemez River Sec7, T14N, R6E Sandia up Cerrillos Hills e - Espanola Claunch sag Santa Ana Mesa Galisteo Creek o Albuquerque o Rio Grande 35 Puerco-bench 35 Pedernal Arch Modified from Kelly (1979) SEA LEVEL bench uquerque er Lucero up. Alb bell Manzano uplift ande Riv Joyita-Hub Rio Gr COLORADO Chupadera platfor Magdelena o uplift Socorro o 34 34 30,000 ft. sag Socorro trough Socorro m J a uplift yita Oscur San Mateo Socorro up. uplift San Alluvium a uplift o Chinle Fm. Marcial 106 Muer to Basin ascualm Black Range up. Santa Fe Group San Andres Ls, Glorieta Ss, and Yeso & Abo Fm. (undiv.) Winston trough platf or Cuchillo Neg San P Galisteo & San Jose Formations (undiff.) Madora Ls & Sandia Fm. (undiv.) P alomas Basin San Andres uplift Mesa Verde Gp., Mancos Shale & Dakota Ss (undiv.) Precambrian undiff. ro up. del Morrison Formation, Todilito Ls, & Entrada Ss (undiv.) Intrusive Igneous rock 33o 33o Caballo uplift Jor nado 40 miles Tularosa Basin Figure P-4. Geologic cross-section across the northern part of the Albuquerque Basin and the southern part of the Espanola Basin (Fig. P-7; cross-section 1) (modified after Black and Hiss, 1974). Hatch o o 108 107 Figure P-3. Tectonic map of the Rio Grande Valley in North-Central New Mexico (modified after Kelley, 1979). PUEBLO INDIAN RESERVATIONS Geology Overview 2 NEW MEXICO Stratigraphy Sante Fe Gp. The Albuquerque-San Luis Rift Basin contains rocks ranging in age 5000-20,000 ft. Miocene- Pliocene from Precambrian to Recent (Fig. P-5). Most of the basin fill consists Mioc.- of thick deposits of nonmarine synrift sedimentary rocks and interca Abiquiu-Picuris Fms. Olig. 100-1,000 ft. lated volcanic rocks, especially in the lower part. Pre-rift (pre-Oligo Galisteo, Baca & cene) sedimentary rocks are exposed on the flanks of the basin or AGE SOUTH FORMATION OR GROUP NORTH Blanco Basin Fms. 400-3,000 ft have been penetrated by drill holes, primarily in the southern part of QUATERNARY Alluvium and undivided Eocene the rift basin. Much or all Mesozoic and Paleozoic strata, the petrole ? ? Pliocene Menefee Fm. um prospective part of the section, are missing in the northern half of Santa Fe Group the basin because of Pennsylvanian-Permian and Laramide uplift and Pt. Lookout Ss R erosion that affected much of that area. Miocene Mancos Shale A nearly complete section of Cretaceous and older rocks is pres CENOZOIC SR (gas) TERTIARY Oligocene Abiquiu, Picuris, or Espinaso Formation Conejos Formation ent in much of the Albuquerque Basin. Well control in the basin and Gibson Coal Mbr. R outcrop control along the flanks indicate that pre-middle Eocene ero Eocene Baca Formation Galisteo Formation Blanco Basin Formation Dalton Ss Mbr. sion has removed a variable amount of the Cretaceous section, which Shale Tocito Ss Lent. R is the primary petroleum prospect within the section. To the north, in Lewis Mancos Dilco Coal Mbr. R the Espanola Basin, the Eocene unconformity cuts down section, Shale Gallup Ss Menefee Formation completely removing the Cretaceous section. Figure P-6 is a general Semilla Ss Mbr. R Point Lookout Sandstone ized stratigraphic column for the Albuquerque Basin with sections of Upper Cretaceous 0 - 400 ft. SR (oil) interest to petroleum geology highlighted. Mesozoic and Paleozoic Mesaverde Bridge Cr. Ls Mbr. Dalton Sandstone Mbr. Group CRETACEOUS ? Mancos Shale strata of the Albuquerque Basin are similar to these of the well-ex Crevasse Mancos Dakota Ss R Canyon Shale plored and productive San Juan Basin to the northwest, hence some Fm. Tocito Sandstone Lentil analogues can be made. Figures P-7 and P-8 show the Cretaceous Gallup Sandstone Morrison Fm stratigraphic relations as determined from discontinuous outcrops Semilla Ss. Mbr. Codell Ss. Mbr.* along the east side of the Albuquerque Basin. MESOZOIC R Wanakah Fm. Explanation The Jurassic and Cretaceous section is partially preserv ed on the Dakota Sandstone SR (oil) Jurassic Jurassic Todilto Ls Mbr 0 - 1000 ft. R west side of the San Luis Basin. In that area, the Entrada Sandstone Entrada Ss Non-marine sandstones Morrison Formation rests unconformably on Precambrian basement rocks. The Creta Junction Creek Ss. JURASSIC ceous section consists of the basal Dakota Sandstone (100 to 200-feet Wanakah Formation Todilto Limestone Member Marine sandstones thick); the Mancos Shale (~1500-feet thick); and about 600 feet of Chinle Fm. Entrada Sandstone Marine limestones Lewis Shale below the Eocene unconformity. The Gallup, Dalton, TRIASSIC Chinle Formation and Point Lookout marine shoreface sandstone units that are present Triassic Limestone undifferentiated San Andres Limestone to the southwest have pinched out and the Mancos and Lewis Shales 500 - 1,600 ft have merged.