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An Evaluation of the World Bank Group's Global Convening The World’s Bank An Evaluation of the World Bank Group’s Global Convening © 2020 International Bank for This work is a product of the staff of The RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reconstruction and Development / World Bank with external contributions. The material in this work is subject The World Bank The findings, interpretations, and to copyright. Because The World 1818 H Street NW conclusions expressed in this work Bank encourages dissemination Washington, DC 20433 do not necessarily reflect the views of of its knowledge, this work may be Telephone: 202-473-1000 The World Bank, its Board of Executive reproduced, in whole or in part, for Internet: www.worldbank.org Directors, or the governments they noncommercial purposes as long as full represent. attribution to this work is given. The World Bank does not guarantee Any queries on rights and licenses, Attribution—Please cite the report the accuracy of the data included in this including subsidiary rights, should be as: World Bank. 2020. The World’s work. addressed to World Bank Publications, Bank: An Evaluation of the World Bank The boundaries, colors, denominations, The World Bank Group, 1818 H Street Group’s Global Convening. Independent and other information shown on any NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: Evaluation Group. Washington, DC: map in this work do not imply any 202-522-2625; e-mail: World Bank. judgment on the part of The World [email protected]. Cover Photo: adapted from shutterstock/ Bank concerning the legal status of GoodStudio and shutterstock/ Marish any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The World’s Bank An Evaluation of the World Bank Group’s Global Convening April 1, 2020 Careful observation and analysis of program data and the many issues impacting program efficacy reveals what works as well as what could work better. The knowledge gleaned is valuable to all who strive to ensure that World Bank goals are met and surpassed. contents Abbreviations v Acknowledgments vi Glossary of Key Terms vii Overview ix Management Response xvi Management Action Record xxiii Report to the Board from the Committee on Development Effectiveness Subcommittee xxix 1. Introduction 1 Methods 2 2. Why, What, and How the Bank Group Convenes 6 Why the Bank Group Convenes 7 3. Effectiveness of World Bank Group Convening and Its Constraints 16 Common Elements of Successful Convening 18 Internal Selectivity Processes 21 Managing Global Engagements for Results 24 How Global Work Links to Country Work 28 4. Conclusions and Recommendations 32 Bibliography 37 Boxes Box 1.1. Convening Activities and Mechanisms 3 Box 2.1. The Sustainable Banking Network 8 Box 2.2. World Bank Group Convening in Historical Perspective 9 Box 2.3. The World Bank Group’s Strengths in Convening 11 Box 2.4. Bridging Divergent Interests for Climate Change Action 13 Box 3.1. Factors of Convening Success 19 Box 3.2. Sustained Initiatives with Transformative Impacts 21 Box 3.3. Selectivity in the Social, Urban, Rural, and Resilience Global Practice 23 Independent Evaluation Group | World Bank Group iii Box 3.4. Global Engagement Budgets Vary Substantially across Groups 25 Box 3.5. Linking Global Convening to Country Programs 30 Box 4.1. Defining “Major Convening Initiatives” 34 Box 4.2 | Lessons and Suggestions 35 Figures Figure 1.1. Conceptualizing Convening 4 Figure 2.1. Perception of the World Bank Group in Mainstream International Media 10 Figure 2.2. Major Convening Initiatives by SDG or Group of SDGs 12 Figure 3.1. Global Engagement Budget Allocations for Global Practices and Global Themes, FY16–18 26 Figure 3.2. Size of Global Engagement and Country Engagement Budgets, FY16–18 27 Figure 3.3. Trust Fund Contributions to World Bank Global Engagement and Country Engagement, Average for FY16–18 27 Tables Table 1.1. Interviews by Type 4 Appendixes Appendix A. Methodology and Data Sources 40 Appendix B. The International Finance Corporation’s Convening Power 55 Appendix C. Convening via Trust Funds and Financial Intermediary Funds 64 Appendix D. Convening on Climate Change and Environment 73 Appendix E. Convening on Fragility, Conflict, and Violence 84 Appendix F. Convening on Health 93 Appendix G. Convening on Nutrition and Sustainable Development Goal 2 103 Appendix H. Convening on Education 109 Appendix I. Analysis of the World Bank Group’s Twitter Use 115 Appendix J. Analysis of Media Coverage of the World Bank Group on Global Issues 123 Appendix K. Summary of Interview Findings 128 Appendix L. The World Bank Group’s Current or Recent Convening Initiatives 134 iv The World’s Bank: An Evaluation of the World Bank Group’s Global Convening | Contents abbreviations FIF financial intermediary fund FY fiscal year GP Global Practice IEG Independent Evaluation Group IFC International Finance Corporation UN United Nations VPU vice presidential unit All dollar amounts are U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated. Independent Evaluation Group | World Bank Group v acknowledgments This evaluation was prepared by the Independent Evaluation Group. Its lead authors were Anna Aghumian (co-team leader), Rasmus Heltberg (co-team leader), and Stephen Hutton. Maximillian Ashwill was the lead editor. Other major contributors included Margaret Chasara (fragile countries), Arunjana Das (methodology, interview analysis, media analysis), Eduardo Fernandez Maldonado (education, internal data analysis), Tea Franic (nutrition), Chris Gerrard (trust funds and financial intermediary funds), Kenza Haouche (social media analysis), Peter Knaack (financial regulation), Estelle Raimondo (methodology), and Izlem Yenice (International Finance Corporation). Gail P. Davenport, John Heath, Aryamala Prasad, and Rabia Uddin completed the team. Outstanding administrative support was provided by Yezena Zemene Yimer. The team worked under the overall guidance of, first, Caroline Heider and, later, Alison Evans (Director-General, Evaluation) and the supervision and direction of Emanuela Di Gropello and Galina Sotirova (managers) and Auguste Tano Kouame and Oscar Calvo-Gonzalez (directors). The peer reviewers were Ngaire Woods, dean of the Blavatnik School of Government and professor of Global Economic Governance, Oxford University; Dr. Annalisa Prizzon, senior research fellow, Overseas Development Institute, U.K.; Jim Adams, former World Bank vice president, chair Office of Development Effectiveness, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia (for approach paper); and Bernard Sheahan, former International Finance Corporation director and founder and head of Infrastructure Ideas. The evaluation’s reference group comprised Tamar Manuelyan Atinc, Brookings Institute; Amar Bhattacharya, Brookings Institute; Robin Davies, head, Indo-Pacific Centre for Health Security, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Australia; and Nigel Twose, retiree. The team gratefully acknowledges the many partners, stakeholders, and World Bank Group staff who participated in interviews. vi The World’s Bank: An Evaluation of the World Bank Group’s Global Convening | Acknowledgments glossary of key terms Term Explanation Advocacy Public support for or recommendation of a cause or policy. Although the term has a negative connotation among some staff that is equivalent to “propaganda,” this report uses it neutrally. Collective action Action that achieves a common objective when that objective depends on the interdependence of actors. Collective action can take various forms (Poteete and Ostrom 2003). Convening Bringing together relevant actors to act collectively to address global or regional development challenges. Convening power The ability to convene successfully. Global convening activities Programs, partnerships, and other initiatives that convene key players to act collectively on development challenges. Global issues Development challenges that affect the entire world or many countries. Global public goods Goods with benefits and costs that potentially extend to all countries, people, and generations. Pure public goods share two rare qualities: nonexcludability and nonrivalry. Selectivity The strategic selection of convening topics, mechanisms, roles performed by the World Bank Group, and depth of its contributions according to a set of priorities, desired outcomes, and other criteria. World Bank Group Includes the International Development Association, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Finance Corporation, and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency. World Bank Includes the International Development Association and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development only. World Bank Group Refers to all global work and is broader than global convening. The global engagements World Bank has global engagement budgets, which fund global work. Source: Adapted from multiple sources for this report. Independent Evaluation Group | World Bank Group vii viii The World’s Bank: An Evaluation of the World Bank Group’s Global Convening | Management Action Record highlights Overview 1 This evaluation assesses how well the World Bank Group convenes international partners to act collectively on global issues critical to its mission. It concludes that the Bank Group’s comparative advantages give it strong convening power, which it uses on many development issues. In so doing, it meets the demands of partners and shareholders and stays highly relevant as a global actor. 2 The Bank Group often makes strong and relevant convening contributions, and there are many examples of effective Bank Group convening
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