Culture in Exile

6 FORCED December 1999 MIGRATION published by review the Refugee Studies Centre in association with the Norwegian Refugee Council/Global IDP Project Culture in exile

Special feature on culture: • culture, welfare and identity of Karenni, Afghan and Tibetan refugees • the role of art, music and theatre in working with displaced communities see pages 4 - 24

Internal displacement in Turkey, Burma and Algeria see page 25

Issues of the new millennium see page 29

Updates on Burundi, Haiti and the Ombudsman for Humanitarian Accountability see pages 42 - 43

Launch of Global IDP Database see page 47

PLUS regular features: • conferences, debate, publications and news

from the editors from the editors !"# $ % &' his issue includes a '(") ! T feature section on * culture in exile, with a brief introduction by the Corinne Owen +%$ , editors on page 4. It also includes a section on the - ! . & * - most pressing issues (relating to forced migration) of the new Forced Migration review millennium as perceived ! / 0 + 12 % $ $32 45 #6 and written about by *7 899 :;<2=>? 1=;@;; eight individuals from A 7 899 :;<2=>? 1@;@12 different fields. 7 BC Remember that our regular Debate section is your forum for discussion of any Global IDP Project ! -& ?E issues arising. If you would like to discuss any aspect relating to our feature !+21;E % section or to challenge or support any of the ‘issues of the new millennium’, do 0 please write to us at [email protected] or at the address opposite. In this issue’s *7 892 11 @== =;=? A 7 892 11 @== =;=> Debate section, readers respond to FMR 5’s focus on ‘Learning from Kosovo’. 7 B The next issue - FMR 7, due out in April - will include a feature section on land and property issues. Deadline for submissions for this feature: 14 February. Deadline !2?"#G1> !1?"#G94 for submission of information relating to conferences, websites, publications, A 7 research and the Debate section: 1 March. " "&' - 7 In the August 2000 issue we will be looking at issues of respect and accountability. 9> Deadline for articles: 15 May (but it would be preferable if potential contributors would submit ideas for articles as early as possible). Deadline for other sections: - 15 June.

' As you may have noticed from the front cover, the Refugee Studies Programme has changed its name to the Refugee Studies Centre. See page 39 to find out : < - why! And it is with great regret that we have to announce that Dr David Turton, Director of the Refugee Studies Centre, will be leaving in late 2000 and that the Director’s position is now being advertised. Details are given on page 39. ! Deadline for applications is 15 February. ) ! On pages 40 and 47, the Global IDP Project (formerly the Global IDP Survey) announces the launch of its database 1;;;7 ' 1;;;7 and its plans for the future. Add www.idpproject.org to your e-bookmarks now! H

If you wish to access and download any articles from this FMR (or its predecessor, the RPN), visit our website at www.fmreview.org A- Thanks to further funding by the Ford Foundation, Cairo % &' office, of the Arabic edition of FMR, we are currently '( " establishing a regional Editorial Board with a part-time Coordinator whose job it will be to help ensure a stronger regional flavour to Nashra Al-Hijra Al-Qasriya. ' $3A - And, finally, congratulations to our colleague Sharon Westlake (FMR Subscriptions Assistant) on her recent marriage - now Mrs Sharon Ellis.

With our best wishes for 2000. Marion Couldrey & Tim Morris, Editors

Burundi, Panos Pictures/Giacomo Pirozzi

2 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review contentscontents Introduction: culture in exile 4

‘Traditional’ culture and refugee welfare in north-west Thailand by Sandra Dudley 5

Music and refugee lives: Afghans in eastern Iran and California by John Baily 10

Imagining home: the reconstruction of Tibet in exile by Clare Harris 13

The role of art in psychosocial care & protection for displaced children by Bo Viktor Nylund, Jean Claude Legrand and Peter Holtsberg 16

Psychosocial rehabilitation of IDP children: using theatre, art, music and sport by Nazim Akhundov 20

Theatre for development: a dynamic tool for change by Helen Scott-Danter 22

Hard cases: internal displacement in Turkey, Burma and Algeria by Roberta Cohen 25

Issues of the new millennium 29

Debate

Response to issue 5’s feature on ‘Learning from Kosovo’ 35

Regular features

Conferences 38 Refugee Studies Centre news 39 Global IDP Project news 40 Update 42 Publications 44

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 3 culture in exilefeature Introduction: culture in exile

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4 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review culture in exilefeature ‘Traditional’ culture and refugee welfare in north-west Thailand by Sandra Dudley

< The effects of displacement on culture can have + " R< S significant impacts on the psychological and physical welfare of individual refugees and on "% < the social dynamics within a refugee population. ! C + + < ! 2 1 ! + D . S "3 ! % E" "4 < ! < < '< * D + . ! ! "= ! ! ". ! AB+ < "9 : " < . " " ! < . ! F F"D < /< C " ". / 2 ! ! F" . ". C < ! < ". ! ! < ". G R! " 2 ! S < D )% ;+ 2 2 "9 ! "% +D ! ! 2 " AB 99 AB D 2 " < " ! . ! ! ! ". ! "% 2 + "D ! ! 9 < : 2 ! "@ ! ' ! / ! ! ! ! + * " ! " : ".! ";+ Background Diversity within the refugee ' 2 community * ! . < ,2 D < : AB : D "$ ! !

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 5 culture in exilefeature

< ! ! . 2 + " " . + " The importance of culture: " 2 traditional Kayah female dress 2 ! ? 8< ! + 2 + 9 2 < < ! R " " S< R + ! 2 S < 2 "E ! ! " "$ + ! ! R Inter-community dynamics: S S " H impacts of host communities + ". and relief agencies 8 2< < . / ! ' * ! :. " . " "# . ! ! "D ' 2 *" ! ! + D ! < . "B S ! "% ! " ! + 2+ $ 2 !+ 2 + : % 2 E " + : ' ! ! ! ! ! *- R S+ "8 S"9 + : ! ! . 2 " ! ! "# ". AB ! ! ! " < . AB! " 2 S " & . 2 + ! ". ! " Sandra Dudley/Richard 6 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review culture in exilefeature

- AB " ! Conclusions AB ! & S " ! " !S 8 AB! "# : ! + ' AB ! * "% / ! / !"$ : AB "( S 2 ! " Intra-community dynamics: ! attitudes of other refugees ! ' 2 " : ! 2 ! + *"$ ! ". 2 : AB " + ! . 2 ! S " ! ! "% ". < ! " 2 " ! " $ + + 8 ! + cultural differences within a / " ! 9 "= S+ refugee population can 2 S ! cause distress ! / < !" S " '* . AB : + !/ '* " " S 2 ! # ' ! < . 2 / 9 * + ". '* !' ABS ",! + 2 ! ! ! * ! + ' * 2 ! ". " !/ !! . 2 AB "# ! '* S ! ! ! " ". / '* % ! AB ! + + ! ! " " ! 8 AB ". + !/ / + - ! !! + 2 S ! : 9 " ! + 2 . ! ! + ! ! !"

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 7 culture in exilefeature

S + S ! !" E S . UNHCR/26018/01.1996/HJ Davies ! ! 2 N !"

9 ! + + 2 "$ 2 ! ! ! R S "& + " 2 N AB : + ! "

S + ! 4 3 C !" R& !< 9(? S "8 ! #$ % & & 9 . '(&$& &) 3 R8 < " . S D 9 ; 8 ,: + ? AB" , & ';,9B* ) ?F " ! (8 $ D D " !? ' ! . +, D -< 3 >-E 3- ! * , E$ & 8 -B% S " # G 9 B2 " ;! - 9 4 = $ # B2;! - ,!$ 9 " ;! "

8 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review culture in exilefeature Mementoes Cultural activities in Algahin

refugee camp in Yemen . ! J"""K S + J"""K 8 ! R S" " ! + %3%B ! ,! J"""K "D * ! ! + ! ! " * * 8 + ". + 2 ! ". 98&, ! ! !P /Q " + ! " ! / + ? + " &D %3%B . " R MS ! %3%B ! " : + 8 ". + 3 "1 ! %3%B ! You poets, novelists, story-tellers and playwrights, Wake up and arise, 8 "& ! You literary treasurers; + Folktales, songs, proverbs of your tradition, ! Poems, essays and novels of your new ways, Cry out to be recorded and read too. R. ! S , "%3%BS See how beautiful your lyrics are; " ! Look at your dances " ! " ) * And your dancers in their wingless + Race into the skies! % #$ & !" ,2 R% From ‘Prologue’ by Joseph Abuk / S $ Joseph Abuk lives in Juba, South Sudan. , ) % & @')* He is a Mundari elder who has recently been working for the YMCA, 4 ?=" 'L + ! Sudan. Until the war disrupted all cultural activities, he was the Director of "*# ? the Culture Centre in Juba which is now occupied by hundreds of IDPs "

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 9 culture in exilefeature Music and refugee lives: Afghans in eastern Iran and

California by John Baily

Refugee communities are often deprived of their customary means of musical expres- sion, either because they have become separated from their musicians or from their

traditional musical instruments, or due to a UNHCR/26263/11.1996/R LeMoyne lack of opportunity in the host country. 2 . + 8 ") Mashad 2 E + 8 "% E % ! ". ! 8 4 "% +"A 2 ! 8 ! + " ! ( / "% G". % + 8 ! ! #$4 R S "E ! ! 4 ! ". < ?% ' / ! *$ '9*". ". ! "D C ! ? " " - ! E + - 8 ! C % "8 ! ! ( - ! ! + " ! ! . ". + ! 4+ 2 + ! ! " " 8 8 N : . 8 % ( . " . ! 4 ! "8+ ! 8 4+" 8 8 ! S ! 4 #$4 2 + ' ' # $ 4! * R S " 2&8 *"8 8 ? S 4 +

10 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review culture in exilefeature

! 4 Fremont " ' . ( ;+ % ! ! ! ? 4+" 8 $ " 8 8 8 8 " $ D 8 S" 8 % "# F $ ". /: .+ ;E9& 8 9&. < < G 8 & ! ! 8 % "% ". + + # 9 "8 C " E . " "8 . E Afghans have found it % ". ! 8 hard to adapt to life in 8 3 !" the USA. % " . ! . 2 3 $ % 4 8 R S ! ? 4 + " ? ! ". ! E " """ ! - . 8 8 / < > ! ". 2 8 ". ! - + 8 "8 2 "F : " % ! E ! 8 ! ;8". "B + ;E9& 8 ! ! ! ! " ! ; 8 ". 8 ! 8 > + ". . " 8 %/ 9" . 8 @ 8 &(E " ! $ !" Rahim Khushnawaz, 8 ! ! Mashad John Baily

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 11 culture in exilefeature

. ! " $ " 8 8 8 3 . ;8 ! "E + "9 + $ + 8 8 8 < 2 N $ % ## ! " ! " E " E . !R . S+ ! ! !8 "% $ +' "8 ? % > P% > * 8 ". + &8 " "# 8 ! 8 8 " ;8 ! " Conclusions + 8 8 + 8 % $ 8 " Q" " 8% ! 2 ! ! ! + Music brings unity ! ! + ! 8 ! to the people - /2 + 8 ! "% < ! > +! C 2 + ! # "E ! " ". 2 ! ;8 8 ! ! + ! + &E $ "8 + ". ! $ % ! + ! ". 4+"B ! 8 "% ! 8 + 8 S "8 ;8" > ! . '* 8 /A 2 ! + + 8 <> ! "8 ! " + " -. . > "<> + +/ 2 " ! +% ,&0 " - + 1 . ) 0 "8 > 2 3456+ ! # # " " ) +* +%2 2 ! %&7 " 1 ( R+ ! S& ! 4+ ! + ;" & 8 ) & ) . * 4 ?. ;! 4 " 8 : < ( D . ". ! 8% & D+ ! ;8 ! "; R S" E/E "4 + % . . & 8 ! ' &8 * . E < ="E C <!+ $ 2 4 2 & ! 8 " 8 S + + " + ! ) . 2 E " ! ! 8 " "

12 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review culture in exilefeature

8 + ,++ S . . " 'DG F =?&8 *" F =28R$+ S + Imagining home: + F '*? (C F" = GAB48+ & / + ) * 0 + ) 9?3 E ! " the reconstruction of

Music of the East Timorese in Lisbon ,. = ! Tibet in exile (F ' 2 by Clare Harris 4 * 2 Since 1959 when the 14th Dalai Lama escaped ,. 4 from Tibet, more than 130,000 Tibetans have 2 " A followed him into exile. %% ! "# + ! . . = ! . . 4 S& 9 9 ". '4&9*! : 9 . D """" " 2 2. . ! 4 ". 2 + ! "Q . : 9 ! ! . 8& AB"% " 4 S& ". / ! ! ! Music of Iraqi Jews in Israel " 8 . ! ! G / D : ! 2 " ! " F F Education for the next generation The image of Tibet in exile D D' * G :" $ =+ . ! A 3 . 2 % ! ! A = 2 3= ! . ( "$ " . ! : & . 2 ! / 8 F " . . . : 2 ! . D ! D . ! " G 3= 2 "E ! ". % ! ' (* ?P ! R! : S G + P ! ! """# ! " ! Q") . + . !

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 13 culture in exilefeature

. 2 ! ! F . " 1 . " 2 '/ " *! E ! . . ! ! . + 2". 2 + 2 ". 3 ! R. S + =. #+ 2 . 8 ! . 2 ! . " # , " Aims of reconstruction 2 R. S + ! . 9 F " F ! 2 $ 2 9 2 . Clare Harris 2 "A = ". ! D R S . + . " . D + . " ,! 2 2 ! + . E $ Reconstruction of pre-exile !!". % ;4 traditions . . 9 2 . " . R S. A = !! '. * ! : ! A =S + 44 +D + . 2". ! " ". ! R 2 S 3 3= E 4 '* 2 ! 1 . 2 ! . 3 2 ! = . >A ! D " . - 2 F RS 2 " . / ! ! 8 2 2 " "E . E $ ! 2 " ' ! . * . D F ?! D + " ! ". . D " ! 4 $ # . 2 ! D

14 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review culture in exilefeature

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Women performing a dance from Central Tibet in front of the Nmgyal Temple Clare Harris FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 15 culture in exilefeature The role of art in psychosocial care and protection for displaced children by Bo Viktor Nylund, Jean Claude Legrand and Peter Holtsberg

The psychosocial care and protection of children 578 affected by armed conflict and displacement are 2 extremely important components of humanitarian 9 action. > 8 ) + . 9! & 34 9 +". A ( S ! 4 3 " ! ! ! " " . ? ! ! . 2 ;9,$S RS ! 2 ! " + " + " 2 ;9,$S ! R S P ? ! + ? ! ! S ! ! ". 7 ) ! ! Q "# ) 3 " ! + 1:. 451&6*) 3 " ! "9 ! " 2 !! ;9,$ ! " + 8! ! AB! ( ! !=+ & 9 451&6* ! D % 2 "B ! =8 " ;9,$ 2 1:. Structure for implementation " ; 3 N ;9,$ 2 ;9,$S8! N R S "# ! ! "B 2 2 "B / ! '34* ! 8 ? ! ! AB " ! 34 451&6*

16 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review culture in exilefeature UNICEF/95-0555/Roger LeMoyne

Children paint their new reality, Tuzla, Former Yugoslavia.

" ! ! ? ! 9 ! ! ! ◗ . + "8 ! ! " H ! ! " ". ! . Restoring normalcy 2 ! +! " 8 2 ! ! ! Forms of art used to address ". psychosocial care and protection ! > ! 8 ! ! ? " " ! ◗ ! ! " ◗ . "3 ! ! 4 ! ! " ! ! > S ! ! ! ◗ . ! ! ! ". ! + ! H "& " " ! $ 2 ◗ 2 2" ! " 4! ◗ . 2 " ". " 9 ! ! "F + ". +"B!

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 17 culture in exilefeature

. "9 ! + + "= ! ! !

UNICEF/94-0876/Roger LeMoyne " . - 2 ! ! "

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18 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review culture in exilefeature

Challenges in using art in &! 8 + psychosocial programmes " " % ◗ 4 ". ",2 2 / / "% ! ! " " ! ! ◗ 8' * ". Building capacity through and ! ! involving adolescents in 2 psychosocial programmes 2 " " = S!! ◗ 9 ! ;9,$ ! " ! "$ !! ". ! ! ! " "8 2 ! > !! 34 + " ! 9? " ◗ 4 !! E ! " S > " ? 6@ > # ? " R S ! ! 1:. 7 ) % " 2 ; S <%;* =& 6@ + 7$ RB S% S + 1 ! + 1:. %;* %;& ! $ + !? ! " S # "C & Two-tiered strategy " # 4 $;9,$ " #+ 4 9 4 - 8 ;9,$ 9 4 );4> ! 1+ 1C ;8" (;3 ,H9"H HF)H8"($ S " " ;9,$? ). . #+ 4 E& EB> 9&9 A ! 2 ! ! ! (G " R%=+ @ 3 ! $ 4 3 S ;9,$B + Key lessons learned , 4 -! " 1 ! F % +%/& & ◗ 4 ) N+% . 2 ! 2 ;9,$ )" ! 2" 9 8R2/ . + S ;9,$ D % " " # C9 RN N. 4 + 4 9 S& 4 A . ! R, &'G N3 *S ;" R%9 @ 3 ! $ & 8 S 4 3 S-! 9"

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 19 culture in exilefeature Psychosocial rehabilitation of IDP children: using theatre, art, music and sport by Nazim Akhundov

+ In any group of IDP children, there will be children ! who require psychotherapeutic interventions and " children who need only social and educational 3. Music % + rehabilitation. S 2 ! N ' 2 *" ! ! " . 3 ! N ! "B 1. Theatre !> " ! ! , . ! > ' F *- A% S " ". ' . ! > ( (F *- 2 " ! 34 8> / ' C *" + " F 4 ! & 9 D;.8 4. Sport > + 9 SE$ R S". 8> /AB". ! 2 ! S R S R S ! ! ! " !!!! ! ! " 34 " - ! Methodology 2. Art ". ! . / R . SS - S ". "8 " + R S "@ Application " 2 "$ . 2 + 34 . RS ! R S? ' *R S' ! ? + "3 *"8 ! + ! 5 47 . !! ? R S "8 ! ! ' * + 2 S " " , H ' *" > . + + - +

20 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review culture in exilefeature

! " R S % 34' >" 2 ! * " ◗ ◗ ! + 5 17 . !! 2 " ' * ◗ ! + + ". 2 ◗ $ ! ". 34 + ! R S ! # + ! + "'8 + 8 %+< " + /3 !+ G!! ( PG " ◗ 3 ! "*% . 2 ! ! / ' * + ! " ! Q"B 2 + " "9! 5 2?. !! + ! + B+ ! : " ! 2 ◗ ! + " 2 ! ' Lessons learned R S" *" ◗ 4 D + 2 # ! 2 ? ◗ 2" ! ◗ 2 ◗ 3 ! ◗ ! H "8 2 ! + ! : ? ! : " ◗ ' 2 ; ) + Results assessment *" " *17 * 8 ? ◗ 8 ! .%7 ◗ + ! S0 R S". & ' & ◗ ! / "% ! D;.8 + + ! > ! "9 D;.8 /! F8 8C D+ 8> /" . H2?Q ((C)(" ,?>R">

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(* % @ ) 3 C" , " IDP Camp CI, Sabirabad region, Azerbaijan BUTA/NRC FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 21 culture in exilefeature Theatre for development: a dynamic tool for change by Helen Scott-Danter

A group of actors stands in a frozen image of a ! !"8 ?PD community whose members do not communicate. A man comes from the audience and moves the ! "Q actors around to create an image of everyone . standing in reconciliation. Then a man and a ! + ! woman create an image of ‘transition’, where the ' actors show a willingness to communicate by sit- * ting in a circle drinking the local brew. The actors then show the three images in succession and the ! " + audience applauds. !! 4 = . +". 8'4=8* : + %>: " ! " ! N . 3 ! '.3* >4! %>: ". 2 . : ;34'; ". .3 3 ! 4 * ! D> + ! 3 ! ! 8D $ ( " " " > %>: ! ". CF ( Theatre for Development in ! 2 2 2 Nawagene S "A * " . ! . + " ! 4=8 ! N > : ". "B + 4! - RG+ S ! ". " - 2 E ! ! 2 " ! " ! " . . + ! ! !! 8 + ". + ? S " "% 8 G+ + ". + 2 + ' *

22 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review culture in exilefeature

! ! " ". / ",! "Q) . / 2 !! + ! D + " " " ! 3 Social issues + " B !! 3 ! ! N& 9 "8 2 2 ?PD S ! - / + "$ " "Q. : . + % : ! % " ! " ! 2 %>: ". . ! " ,! %" " " ' " * ' S ? 2 Other examples of Theatre for + * ! Development ' P !! "8 $ ! Q* 34 +D + ! 2 / ?P3 " ! ! "8 + . # 2 ! + B2 C """ ! + S R B2S". ! ". 2 DS . P Q ! 9 "

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Unaccompnied Rwandan boys perform a ‘psychodrama’, acting out the killings they have witnessed. The children have made fake guns. Nyamata, Rwanda. UNICEF/94-0588/Betty Press FORCED MIGRATION 23 culture in exilefeature

2 / ". Panos Pictures/Jan Hammond ! > ". P ! 2 "& "QF . / BO$8% = . "

Mixing mud for walls of new community meeting house, Zambezia, Rwanda 2 "$ Conclusion % %>: + 2 ! ! " "B 8 2 % 2 ! ! B % " = + . P ! ! + " 2 S . ! ! ". ! 3 ! ! " ". + "QF 2 " $ ! ◗ . . S Lessons learnt with wider regional +S " or global implications > 0 1! 1 ◗ ; / : ! : .3 & ; 0+ " >% +" +* 2 )+*?@4"+%2& ! ◗ = ! ?. $ ABB<6=3B56@CD>D> /+ 2 $ " D %+/ %' ( F =? E9"

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+ + )D + 41 ) ( G " ! ",! ?D + 4S4 9' *@ " % % ! 2 =?$ 8 D+" D " ! 8R8N. ! B2S .3+5 C ( F F" < + ! !! + F%! 8R. ! + " +S .3+5 C ( ( ))" ?.. . ! ". ) =?N D+"

24 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review culture in exilefeature Hard cases: internal displacement in Turkey, Burma and Algeria by Roberta Cohen

8 > # In some countries, the internally displaced are 39G D+ 4/ beyond the reach of international humanitarian 3 ;9 & ';9&* 2 organizations. AB 2 '34* < 2 " 8 R D>S". & ! > D Turkey: regional leverage + ! " 8 "# < ! 8 .+ D .+ ! R + : / S <#+ 4'4<<*" "B . 4<< + ; 9 : ! + ! ! " "8 ! 2 ! ! ! ". .+ = 2 ! " ) ! !! ! ! + ( ( .+ D8 ". !$ 2 "% ! < !"E : ".+ ! D ! ! ! / / " + ! "8 B " ! ! : " ! .+ D R S Even ICRC has been unable ! "D ! 2 to operate in Turkey > ! + ".+ < 3 ! ( .+ + / > < ! ". < ! " -< D 2 " -< ! ". AB -< " " 8 " AB D ! ! ",! 9&9 S .+ ". < % : : & ! ; 9 & < ! "

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 25 culture in exilefeature

A 3 8 2 4 $ 3 ! .+ / ! " ; R S ". ! B9,"$ . ; .+ . ' ! " ( ! * ! ! ; / ;E& 9 ! : .+ ! 8"8 " & . #+ .+ A3 !" ! 9 . ! ! =B> .+ S! ! 4<< : ; " ;S AB ; & % , ;',;*" ,;S + B9, + 9E& " ! ! .+ < ! B9,!! > <" 34 " AB " C ,; 2 .+ . ;D # , 4 = + ! "A! .+ S " ; 3 '=3* ,; 3 ! 4 ';34* ;9,$ + #D+ 2 " ". ! F , 9 ' ! ; .+ + ! " * / # ! < / >" . 4 8 ". , & + 9 , .+ 2 ! 9',&9* ;SR 2 ". S34 : & ! & ! H9 "8 , E & 9E& ; " 9 .+ . ; OCHA should take the T : .+ ! A S lead in pressing for an < & ! 34 ! " !.+ " inter-agency needs .+ Burma (Myanmar): focus assessment mission. B> 9 on humanitarian aid , 'B9,* $ ! ! + DS! " "8 ! .+ ! < ? + "B9, + - + ! "8 > - ". ! B9, + ! + + ! / "B! "! " ! B ; A 8 B9,S " ( ! . ! ! ! ! " #D++ 2 ! R " S " !B9, ". ! ! 9 "8B < " " % ! !

26 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review culture in exilefeature

P : /"Q) 8 ! ! 2 Panos Pictures/Jasper Young "

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% ; D ;E9& ;9,$ ;34 #EB + ! 34" B 9 E8 'B9E8* + ". ! ! 34"8 ! ! " . ! ! > 8< =3 ! + "

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FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 27 culture in exilefeature

+ ! Conclusion " ". ,! ; ! ! " ! S "& > ! ; ! 2 ! ! " ! A <8 ! "= / 9E& ! A 8 " ! P ! AB+ 8 = Q ! Algeria: the information void 3 E& + ! 8 = E& ! ". 8 & 9 ! . B9E8 8 .+ D8 " + ". ; . > ;E9&;34 C / + "% ! + ! "D + ! + " 34 + ! M serious human rights violations . ; 2 34" 8 ! " have to take precedence over ! : concerns of state sovereignty ! "# + % !! ". 8 ( ! 8 " ! ! ! 1! "# .) * "( ! ! * ! 1 ! " ! ! " ! - ,! ,; A7 * % ! . ; ! & <.) +344C=& ! : : ! + !' #0;')& ! + * ". ! ! ;,; ". ( G !! ! ;9&?D$ + "A! ! .+ G%E&> ! ! D ! , & ! ; 8 " D$ +2 : , + ! A 3 4 1 : 2 " ;9& ! " !" ' F $%& *-G% 5 8 5 1,2& 1 : 0 ;9& G - ! 3 ! , 1 : + ,2 8 # ! ". 2 1 B ;9& G " ! 8 S ( "1 (". A A 8 + ! ". > ! " " % ! C 8 )"% :B RD 99 S " + ! + R S ! "#D R& @ D# ! " ;94 S . ) " !

28 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review Issues of the new millennium In this feature, eight individuals discuss key issues for the coming years and recommend significant books of the last deacde (indicated by )

* % @ ! + ! Dams and / 2 displacement ",! ! ! ! " "# ! ! ! " + > % ! + ". + > > 2 * " * , & ) "# B ) + F 9 " ! S8& ;!9 % + 4 "DF( " > ! + 2 " ( " 4 # ! 1 , & ! &( ! : 1: + ! "D 9 / > % 3 D D+" ! D FC (C " "D 2 ! ! > ! ! ! / > ! " "# ! ! > " D ! ! ! ! 2 + ! " " 8 ! & 2 !! ! / ! ? 2 "D #D+ : / ! ". ! : "

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 29 Responsibility of " "# ;E9& international ! "; ;E9&R institutions S") $ 2 ! . "1 R * + " - ;% . ! 2 S" / '84* 8 ! '$* ' . # ! ! * R S H R : S ! ! " / ". ! ! "B 84 !! ! ! ! "( . // $ " ! B8R= ?% % ! 9#S/ ! 1 3 $ ) ?) F C" ". + (&DR. .>A! S& &, S $ @ ) ? ( )( " + $ )A AR& = ,2 " & ?;E9& #B S 1 $ @ 3 E?) ) " =+ D . .1 3 ;E9& B2;! 4 $ "

# ! + The protection ! ! ' + of refugees ! * + "E ! . ) H ! " S , 0 / . " + ' ! 1! $ ;E9&* + % $& ! ". 8 &N 8 & & + S 8 =4/ 'GE * 6 B,& ,; @ & A !9! ". : ( B;4" D FC C" "

30 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review . ! 34 Protection of the " A4 3 " ! internally . A4 ! displaced 1! ! <!% 8 ! ! + ! 34 ! 2 A4 ! 1 "$ / * ! "# 4 ! " <! ! AB 3!8< 6# 34 0 D+ 4 " !",. " D FC F " . ! " ! ! 2 9 = ! ! ! ! 4 " " 2 4 ! ! ! ! ! ! " ! + # ! " + . ; + ! 2 " . , & 9',&9* M B 9 E8'B9E8* . ; 34 ( (F "# ; 34 ! ! ! " ! ! ! 34 ! " " ! + 8! , $ & 8 9 "$ , $ ! ?8 D B9E8 39 F ; 4> C1 1+ ;8",? R" 8 $ & 8 9 " ?,% ;9E& 4 A ! (> ",? " R " B! * % @ + ?3 $9 & % * ,2 7 & 1 : D+ -3 $9 &' * 2* " ! .,& ) 1 : D+"

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 31 # 3 Consistency 2 ! ! ! and conviction ! . " 8 " & . 2 ! +#$ /. ! + " ! ! + 2 ! % 2 ! ! " S/ ,6 "4 + % & ! BD+"D FFF ) "4 ' N * !" N "# ! 2 ! ! . : ". $ < 3 : - : /

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32 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review ◗ ! " !! % 2 8 + 9D= ! ! ! + ! ! / + "# 9 "

# ;E9& ! UNHCR and the M A! 2 ! ! ! new millennium > ! " - : 8 0 %;0S + ;E9& " ;E9& " % 8 8E < + ?<! = 3S7 ,+) <! & = ,. 7 2 / ;E9&S ! / 2 "E & + E % S 9"D) FCF ((" ! R S "B ? ! 4 A ! $ 8% SA2 1 F R >S "% 2 2 + ! + < 8 * ,) @ "D)C( C)" AB " ;E9& ! ! ! > " '& ! + 2 A 8;E9& =+ ". " 9 S < D - ;E9& + "# & 2 + ! "* ! ! ? > + - ! ! "8 - ! ! ! ! 2 ! " "8 ! ! 8 8 S D , 2 ! "8// ! ! ". 2 ! "

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 33 4 "D+ Dignity ! ! + +"8$ 0 ! + ( /+ ! ! " / > . D+ ". . 3 ! % 9 , / ! <.+ ##"8 2 PUQ" / . + "D% 9S 8 ! ! ! C " ! + ! ". & ? <!8" P> "Q. S # ! B! % ! : <! ! "E ! ?P 2 8 ! > "Q8 " & ! 34 <!". A + : ) 2 > " ! % 9S + " . + ! 9 @ ! !"% D "8 . ! / + ! ! " ! "% 9S 4 E< " "A ) ! @ ". > "D + "8 % 9 " + "$ ! + ++ + ! + " " # ? " . 1998 © Don McCullin. Contact Press Images. Colorific!

Kurdish refugees making for Turkish border Kurdish refugees making for Turkish 34 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review debatedebate

In this section, readers respond to the feature 8.B ! on ‘Learning from Kosovo’ in issue 5. ". ! 2 ! New rules of the "D ! game ! 8 D % A " "D + # by Arthur C Helton ! <!@ %" " E ! 8.BS/ $%&F 4 % ! 4 ! <! ! <! + " ! 2 + ! D" ! . ! <! ! . + " ! " ! + ! ! <! ! & 9 R ! "4 S" ! "& 2 ! / ! " 2 ! 34"B + # + : ! ". " ! ,. ' : " % D*" ! ! ! > ! . ! : ! > % @ !"$ R S !! R S N ! ! 4 % % " > 4 %.4 AB 0 ! <!". ! " ". " $ ! > 8 " & <! & 9 $%& F ! R S ! ! + ! > ; " <! * 9 ! A- ? ". % ! D + !N ". & & : <! debatedebatedebatedebatedebatedebatedebate

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 35 debatedebatedebatedebatedebatedebatedebate

% ! &E ! Reproductive health - ! ! 8 "9 forgotten health ! "B needs in emergency + ! &E ! "1 ! ! &E ! 98&, settings % <! AB"# ! & 9 by Samantha Guy / ! %S <!" # AB" &E & ! ! AB" 2- <! ! $ 2 % !! " ! &E ",! = " ! ! ! ! 3 + ! ! <! / ! " &E ! " "8 / + 0 8 ! %S * + ! " * & ! & ' & &) '&E* E ! ! ! & & &) ! ! &E ! - ! ?$%&S &4 + ? ! ! FR# ! .3 S"8 ! ! $%& ! ". ! : 2! &E . 1 +*% @ " / @ ) ! , 8 $ - 4 &! 943 "$ ;E9& # + 2 !! !&E ! 4 8 2 + H34-! )) 8 $ % ! ;E9& &E " " " ! ! " ! + (8$48 % %% " ! B ! ! ". 2 );$48S& ! E <, : /<! 8 ! &E ! ! +"E ! ! " +/ &E " 2 " 2 Reconciliation in Kosovo $ &E 8 : ! ! & 9 ! ! - P ! "AB( .3 8%E ! "<! & ! E <) ! "<! ! N ! :&E ! " ! G<! 9 & + G "$ "Q. ! ! % + ! ! &E &E "# "B 1@& ! . ! " debatedebatedebatedebatedebatedebatedebate

36 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review debatedebatedebatedebatedebatedebatedebate

AB Humanitarian emer- / gencies: targets for : ! ! improvements ". +". ;E9& by Major General Upali Karunaratne ! -!$ (Retd), Sri Lanka + 9 - ! " ! / " %!! . R SAB- 2 ◗ , E - , 99 !! 2 "AB! ;E9& ! ;E9& + "B AB "; ! ! " ? 2 + + ◗ AB%B ' ! +". AB" * ! / + 8 ! ! ! " R ! " S ! " 2 ◗ ,: 2 ! . 9# "# + ! + ! " >" ! ◗ 3 ! ! " " ! . P ! R Q SR ! ;E9& + S RS AB" + ! ". R S + AB ;E9& " + " R ! S " . 2 ; +". ! : " AB ! " " E ! AB " Listing of evaluative studies . 8=84'8 ! = + AB 8 4 ! ! E8 * + "9 2 !! : ! ". <! ! ! " + "D ? . " S ". ◗ %+ 2 & +35+./ . ; . ! 7 8:1. / 9 ;E9&". ! 3)E6G:.4< & 9 ; + 6 , H " debatedebatedebatedebatedebatedebatedebate

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 37 conferencesconferences

Planning Ahead for the Health Recent D++"& : AB! Impact of Complex Emergencies + E E;: E ,/87 ". Women in Palestine A4 ! . E 5 E ,7 ' & 9 * % / . 7 ' & H ! . + ! ! ! "/ . ! Humanitarian Interventions: ! ? # 3 ! !( Constructing the Threshold of - Crisis =5 E ,6)@&5 # - ! . + 9 # B ". ! . (+ ;! - ! "$ , & 9 S # #EB ',&9*4 , + ". 2 89 + * / 6 : ?*# / 2 5.@8 7&%/..80#E; + 7 ' . 2,I !=G ; M8 B>S * #,I !; ! " 6 , H M(*E ! + M8 . M)*# @C: IDP Training in the Philippines ! * : + ;5 E ,5@&J' 3 6 / SH + /8&/EEE7 ! & M ) ' * #,I;E E EEE 9 + A4 L > + G 8 , 93 'B2* $ 9 ',93$9*" R4 + S-3!< '=,* Forthcoming ) AB R. S- 9E& GD ' * Regional conference on internal ! R$S #$4 4 ! displacement in Asia < -4 ;* ,0 "" + "(F BS< ',.9* ! ! ! " . & 9 D+ * & 4/ 3 ; 9E& "B 2 H " % 9 & $8 : & &2 + 9 +;! ;E9& 4 A! ! & 2 ) > $ 3 & ! : . 4 5 8" ; A 34 5 256E@44< . D++ 4 2,I;;KLE EG AB! ) " A4 4 8 $ " $ 3 A4 " * . 6 $ "* . + 6" 9 H " H A344/ H&9S ! + "

38 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review Refugee Studies Centrenews Visiting Fellowships Elizabeth Colson Lecture Change of name 17 May 2000 @$ . & 4 4 GG 9;! & 9 + 1+ ! ( G(". 4 ! ,> 9 "4 GS ( ! + ! 9 S " ! & ,B * : + @)& S ". ". 2,I;;KLE!=G ? + * #,I;;KLE!=GE D +G ?8% 6 , H(# " %! 1 &! " ". 9 Master of Studies in Forced ;! B2S3 3 ! The Rights of Refugees under Migration L ,> E " International Law . 20-21 May 2000 . + Director of the Refugee 4 G E ! Studies Centre " ;! % = " : + ! & ,7 + 8 & & * & 4 8 E! )( ! 8# 8ME$:4< 1;;; 8 "$ ?!(' 2 *" 2,I;;KLE!=GGG ! 3 6 , & 9 @ ?L ,> E B2" H # " & ,: (+ @)&J6/ : 2 E) 78# 8ME 3+4< * #,I;;KLE!=GE International Summer School in 6 , H # " Forced Migration ". @ 16 July – 5 August 2000 ! (# " . + ! " 4 ! - 2 2 ! " " 3 2 + . + "!! B ( ! 2 + ;! 2 ! & "8 ! 3 "@ ?# 9 B2" Psychosocial training module now 9 ?! F' DSD ". $ available - + - - A 9 " *"3 . & ,2 ?G (" ! 7 % 2? A 1;;; = S88 " & 1 ) ) * ! ! + @)&J6/E) 7 2+ J 93 & 8# 8ME 3+4< 6' /E) 78# 8ME ! "* 2,I;;KLE!=G 3+4<2,I;;KLE!=G = % 3 * #,I;;KLE!=GE ,(# " #H(# " @)& 6 , H(# " 24 6( 8 6 4 8# E) 78# 8ME 3+4<

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 39 Public launch of the Global IDP Database

by Marc Vincent

8> / DHE > ! " DH% D 9 8 ( &9 3 & 9 4 ! ! ! = =+ ? ;" " 8 )F ! & 9 ! "$ + ? ! ",! 8 9 9 , , : = 4 ! & 1! & & $ ./+.+ ". ! 2F " / ! ". &9SR " . ! S ! ! > ! ! 8 R S ! + " A343 &9 3 F! ! ! ? 3 E& " ◗ 8 ! ! + R S ! ". # ! ! ! " ◗ 8 ! &9 34" > " + ! ◗ 8 ! 2 + : ! ! ! R ! S", ! ". 34 2 "8 2 ! & ! A ! + 34 34 + > +" " ! " . ! " . ! 8 + ! ! 34 34 AB "8 "9 > B ! 89 R S AB ! : +34 ! ! 2 AB " 2"8 ! . ! R ;" 3 ?8 8 S ! 34 &9

40 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review ! + Acknowledgements AB A - ! Editorial Advisory Board I , +" Consultant 8$ 3 + 6 ( "# Professor, Law Faculty, Casablanca University &9 - + Emergencies Coordinator for Latin America & Eastern Europe, Oxfam GB " $ ? Head of Latin America Section, Norwegian Refugee Council, Oslo / *!""( & I ) 34+ " National Education Adviser, The Refugee Council (London)

5 Acknowledgements Public Information Officer, UNHCR, Branch Office, Great Britain and Ireland

The Directorate Child Rights Officer, Foreign Office The Global IDP Project is a project of the & * Norwegian Refugee Council, and is admin- istered through its Geneva office. Director, Refugee Studies Centre, Oxford University

Staff - J NRC Representative: Brita Sydhoff Coordinator, Global IDP Project, Norwegian Refugee Council, Geneva Project Coordinator: Marc Vincent Project Staff: Christophe Beau, 5 H Andreas Danevad, Tone Faret Official Fellow in Politics, Nuffield College, Oxford University & Gry Sandö

Donors in 1999 Ministries of Foreign Affairs - Canada, * % @ Denmark, Norway, Sweden & Switzerland; !! !

Norwegian Church Aid; Rädda Barnen Acknowledgements Sweden; International Development +"# + + Research Centre (IDRC); UNICEF; * % UNHCR; UNDP; WFP. @ (?

Website 8;.98&, Visit our database on internal displacement 6 and get more information about the Global 98$B3 FORCED December 1999 IDP Project on www.idpproject.org 3 & 9 MIGRATION published by review the Refugee Studies Centre in association with the Norwegian Refugee Council/Global IDP Project 3 Contact us 3 ! Culture in exile

Special feature on culture: If you have any questions or comments, • culture, welfare and identity of Karenni, Afghan and , 9 Tibetan refugees please contact us at: • the role of art, music and theatre in working with displaced communities & 9 see pages 4 - 24 Internal displacement in Global IDP Project Turkey, Burma and Algeria B2AD see page 25 Issues of the new millennium Chemin Moïse-Duboule 59 see page 29

Updates on Burundi, Haiti . $$ 9B and the Ombudsman for CH-1209 Geneva, Switzerland Humanitarian Accountability see pages 42 - 43

Tel: +41 22 788 8085 Launch of Global IDP . Database see page 47

Fax: +41 22 788 8086 PLUS regular features: #@';<* • conferences, debate, Email: [email protected] publications and news

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 41 updateupdate The dilemma of regroupment in ! Burundi ! + " R+ SN ! " 3 3 ! AB + ! ! )) ! ; ! + D/& D ! ". ! R S " AB ! " . ! + ! + .7 ! ". ! ),%)* $ @ ) ,$@ ! ! Forced deportations of Haitians ' ". * from the Dominican Republic ! " ! " + 2 . ! ! 3 ! ! + & E! "E ' / * ". ( E %$ + E ! " + "$ 8 ! ! 3 ! 2 %$ )B ! "# +". N 8 E& 2 ! + 9". ! ;B9E8 E! 34 N + 3 & D ! ! + 3 ! ! ! AB " ! > D 3 & $ %$ ! > + 2 E" ! " ! 8 3 2 . + " S E + . %$ ! ". E AB+D ! ' * ; ! " ; B % D B 8 4 " /; ; ! # ! ! ; " UNIYA/Jesuit Refugee Service UNIYA/Jesuit 42 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review updateupdateupdateupdateupdateupdateupdate

. 3 ! ER!S" ! C E E / C ! ( ! " ! " . !B 3 & / ! ! E" 8 (". ! ? ! ES4 + - & 4 ! 2 ! - 3 % ! 2 ( ". E ! B 3 & "B " ! " , ! E 3 3 E E= E& = ! & =" 3 & ". 3 + <! ! " B " ! E ! + ! + 0 / " 3 "% E $ ?9 <! E& RD D S ! ! 0 .:*J# & + (# # ! B " ! ! 9&83'$ * # 3 > ". . ! 8 93 %' *3 ,+/ + ! "=8 D "D )F ( O"=8D ( + 8 =,9&;= ;<". ?C(C " " E ( ( ",?R" "# ?"""+ + / ! + + E8 ! Ombudsman for Humanitarian + " 3 " Accountability * ,/ 8 . 9 0 @& # 3 7 & 3)EM6$4< 8 2,I;;KLEEEGE= * #,I;;KLEE G EB 6 , H " 3 ! ! B4/ 1 , E 9 3 S . 9 E " B4/ D & 9 ". ./ 98$B3 98&, ';<* 3$3 % B2 D AD & & D & 9 ! 9 . / ! B ';<* B3#@;<" + + E8 E

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 43 Arts Therapists, Refugees and Migrants: Reaching Across Borders edited by Ditty Dokter. Jessica Kingsley Publishers Ltd. 1998. 288pp. ISBN 1-85302-550-X. £15.95 (US$27.95) s

! ! "& ! RS "Q'+ & / E %* : & , & & .8 0#EEG * EEE + "3 7 ) '

publications 3+ ' = 3 2,I;E E=EEE ;! E ;<* * #,I;E !E ;= + 2 East Timor: A Crisis of + Displacement ". by Jana Mason. US Committee for Refugees. November 1999. 15pp. $5.00. . 2 + ! " & ,$ <. EE= " . @ 35E $04< & ,@ ) 4)&@EE 2,I;;KLEE! % +5) * #,I;;KLEE! E :& = 4)+ 6 , H9" 2,IE ; G ,9" * #,IE ; ;E! ,

Stormy Seas We Brave: Creative East Timor: Forced Expulsions to Expressions by Uprooted People compiled by Helene Moussa. World Council of West Timor Churches. 1998. 176pp. ISBN 2-8254-1281-3. Human Rights Watch. December 1999. £12.95 (US$22.50; Sfr29.50) plus 20% for . post/packing. ,. . + # . !+ "8 CF 34". " P 2 B + ! + ! "$ ! +,. + ! ,. publication

44 December 1999, 6 FORCED MIGRATION review World Refugee Survey 1999 ! US Committee for Refugees. 1999. 284pp. Nashra Al-Hijra Al-Qasriya + ! $19.00. and Revista sobre " E& # Migraciones Forzosas ! 2 * % @ K@ % * ' L 8 "E& # K5 +/9 +J L ! # + ! ! ! ! H +" + ? & ,. : ◗ / @ G* + ; * 5F "5FEEE! ◗ 4)+2,IEEE=E!E ◗ + ◗

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. @ ) ◗ The Wall of Denial: Internal 34 Displacement in Turkey + ( + by Bill Frelick. US Committee for Refugees. ! 1999. 44pp. $5.00. , ! R: "2" "+? ". , $%& & ?R. 9 L,E ;! B2 ! S'< *-R. (A B2BO)=8 ;<" $ 8 ! S'D$ +*-R& ! H ; R S 10( 1E A $ S' ! F , *-R; ! 8 8 S'% > *- R4 = S' ! " , *" & ,4)&@EE% + + ! 5) :& = + 4)+2,IE! ;E + ! , H ?R: "2" "+' ! *" .+ The US Government and Internally 34 Displaced Persons: Present, But 9&9;E9& + Not Accounted For ! ". by James Kunder. Brookings Institution Project on 2 : Internal Displacement and US Committee for .+ 2 Refugees. Nov 1999. 21pp. .+ . !; " & ,@ ) 4)&@EE % +5) " :& = 4)+ 2,IE ; G ! " * #,IE ; ;E! & ,@ ) 4)&@EE , % +5) :& = 4)+ If you produce or know of publications which might 2,IE ; G be of interest to other FMR readers, please send * #,IE ; ;E! details (and preferably a copy) to the Editors (address p2) with details of price and how to , obtain a copy.

FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 45 Subscribe!Subscribe!Subscribe! to Forced Migration Review published in English, Spanish and Arabic. Please complete and return the form below or subscribe via our website at www.fmreview.org

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FORCED MIGRATION review December 1999, 6 47 When people flee from the threat of death and total dispossession, the things and stories they carry with them may be all that remains of their distinctive personhood to provide for future continuity.

(David Parkin: see p9) Photo: Sandra Dudley