DOCSLIB.ORG

Incentives, Legitimacy, and Goal Setting Von

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Incentives, Legitimacy, and Goal Setting Von Essays on Leadership: Incentives, Legitimacy, and Goal Setting Von der Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von Martin Scheuermann, M.Sc. Berichter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. rer. pol. Christine Harbring Univ.-Prof. Dr. rer. pol. Christian Grund Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 28.05.2020 Diese Dissertation ist auf den Internetseiten der Universitätsbibliothek online verfügbar. Der Abschnitt „Part I: Leadership in combination with individual rewards and punishments“ ist veröffentlicht unter: Gürerk, Özgür; Lauer, Thomas; Scheuermann, Martin (2018). Leadership with individual rewards and punishments. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics 74, 57–69. DOI: 10.1016/j.socec.2018.03.007. The true method of knowledge is experiment. (William Blake, 1757 - 1827) i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS During my time as a PhD student I had not only one, but two supervisors to whom I am very grateful. For most of the time I was supervised by Özgür Gürerk, who guided me through my first two research projects and enabled me to publish my first scientific paper. Özgür, thank you very much for your patience and support. When I needed a new supervisor, I was glad that Christine Harbring agreed to step into the role for the remainder of the time. Thank you, Christine, your supporting feedback and encouragement in the final phase really helped me a lot. Special thanks go to Thomas Lauer for collaborating on my first two projects and helping me with his profound expertise in econometrics. My thanks also go to Christian Grund, who made himself available as a reviewer for this dissertation. As a research associate, I had the pleasure of being surrounded by wonderful colleagues. I am thankful to Andreas Staffeldt, Britta Butz, Frederik Graff, Jan Wilhelm, Luca Carduck- Eick, Lucas Braun, Maik Theelen, and Nicolas Meier, for creating such a pleasant atmosphere and many joyful memories. Regarding Part III of this dissertation, I express my gratitude to Jan Wilhelm, who initially approached me with the underlying idea. Although it was intended as a joint project, Jan left research to pursue other goals, so I wrote the paper on my own. Jan, I hope you are satisfied with the result. I further thank our secretary Anja Uttich who assisted in many ways and Christine Stibbe for transforming my English into a comprehensible form. Finally, I would like to thank my friends and family on whose support I could always rely. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. i Table of Contents..................................................................................................... ii Index of Tables ........................................................................................................ v Index of Figures ..................................................................................................... vii Index of Abbreviations ........................................................................................... ix INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1 Project Overview .............................................................................................. 7 1.1 Part I - Leadership in combination with individual rewards and punishments .......................................................................................... 7 1.2 Part II - Legitimacy in the lab: The effects of leader selection and information on team performance ........................................................ 9 1.3 Part III - Goal setting and team performance ..................................... 11 1.4 Discussion and outlook ....................................................................... 13 PART I: LEADERSHIP IN COMBINATION WITH INDIVIDUAL REWARDS AND PUNISHMENTS .................................................................................................. 16 2 Introduction .................................................................................................... 16 3 Related Literature ........................................................................................... 18 3.1 The mechanics of leading-by-example ............................................... 18 3.2 Leading-by-example experiments without rewards or punishments .. 19 3.3 Experiments with centralized rewards or punishments in simultaneous settings ................................................................................................ 20 3.4 Experiments with centralized rewards or punishments in sequential settings ................................................................................................ 21 4 Experimental Design ...................................................................................... 22 4.1 Treatments .......................................................................................... 22 4.2 The game ............................................................................................ 22 4.3 The procedures .................................................................................... 24 Table of Contents iii 5 Hypotheses ..................................................................................................... 24 6 Results ............................................................................................................ 25 6.1 The effect of leadership on contributions in the absence of rewards or punishments ........................................................................................ 25 6.2 The effect of rewards and punishments on contributions in the absence of leaders ............................................................................................. 26 6.3 The effect of leaders on contributions in the presence of rewards or punishments ........................................................................................ 27 6.4 Evolution of contributions and individual contribution behavior ....... 28 6.5 The use of rewards and punishments .................................................. 31 6.6 Payoffs ................................................................................................ 37 7 Discussion and Conclusion ............................................................................. 39 Appendix A............................................................................................................ 41 PART II: LEGITIMACY IN THE LAB: THE EFFECTS OF LEADER SELECTION AND INFORMATION ON TEAM PERFORMANCE ........................................................... 47 8 Introduction .................................................................................................... 47 9 Related Literature ........................................................................................... 49 9.1 Leader appointment and cooperation in experiments ......................... 49 9.2 Information and cooperation in experiments ...................................... 51 9.3 Theoretical considerations and hypotheses ........................................ 51 10 The Game and Experimental Design .............................................................. 53 10.1 Leader appointment ............................................................................ 54 10.2 Procedures........................................................................................... 55 11 Results ............................................................................................................ 55 11.1 The effect of endogenous leader election ........................................... 57 11.2 The effect of information about the leader’s past behavior ................ 58 11.3 The combined effect of both sources of legitimacy ............................ 59 11.4 Leader and follower behavior ............................................................. 60 11.5 Ex-post legitimization ......................................................................... 64 12 Discussion ....................................................................................................... 65 13 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 67 Table of Contents iv Appendix B ............................................................................................................ 68 PART III: GOAL SETTING AND TEAM PERFORMANCE ............................................... 72 14 Introduction .................................................................................................... 72 15 Related Literature ........................................................................................... 73 15.1 Goal setting theory .............................................................................. 73 15.2 Meta-analyses ..................................................................................... 74 15.3 Experimental studies ........................................................................... 75 16 Experimental Design and Procedures ............................................................. 77 16.1 The game ............................................................................................ 77 16.2 The treatments .................................................................................... 79 16.3 Procedures..........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Constructing Transgression: Criminality in Experimental Literature
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Dissertations 2019 CONSTRUCTING TRANSGRESSION: CRIMINALITY IN EXPERIMENTAL LITERATURE Charles Kell University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss Recommended Citation Kell, Charles, "CONSTRUCTING TRANSGRESSION: CRIMINALITY IN EXPERIMENTAL LITERATURE" (2019). Open Access Dissertations. Paper 888. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss/888 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CONSTRUCTING TRANSGRESSION: CRIMINALITY IN EXPERIMENTAL LITERATURE BY CHARLES KELL A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ENGLISH UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2019 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DISSERTATION OF CHARLES KELL APPROVED: Dissertation Committee: Major Professor Peter Covino Ryan Trimm Eske Møllgaard Nasser H. Zawia DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2019 ABSTRACT This dissertation examines integral, challenging contemporary poetry and fiction, and its relationship to notions of the criminal in multiple guises. The present focus on “criminal” excavates not only its literal meaning—the nature of crime, and its specific relation to penal law—but also brings to light how the “criminal” affects the construction of fiction and poetry, and the lives of various individuals (speakers) within the chosen texts. Intricately tied with the criminal are practices that transgress, and this study will also locate specific creations where poets and novelists construct transgressions that challenge contemporary ideas of narrative and poetic modes.
    [Show full text]
  • A Sense of the Real: Experimental Writing and the Sciences, 1879
    A Sense of the Real: Experimental Writing and the Sciences, 1879-1946 by Natalia Aki Cecire A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor C. D. Blanton, chair Professor Lyn Hejinian Professor Mark Goble Professor Suzanne Guerlac Fall 2010 A Sense of the Real: Experimental Writing and the Sciences, 1879-1946 © 2010 by Natalia Aki Cecire 1 Abstract A Sense of the Real: Experimental Writing and the Sciences, 1879-1946 by Natalia Aki Cecire Doctor of Philosophy in English University of California, Berkeley Professor C. D. Blanton, Chair This American literature dissertation offers an account of the critical category of “experimental literature,” arguing that, nebulous as the term appears to be, it is rooted in ideas of scientific experiment that were under debate in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. While experimental literature is often described in terms of “formal innovation,” this dissertation reads literary form not as an autonomous category in its own right but as an indicator of epistemological investments. Borrowing Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison’s concept of the “epistemic virtue,” this dissertation argues that experimental literature seeks to produce a “sense of the real,” not by thematically treating scientific ideas or even by emulating scientific methods, but rather by using literary form to negotiate the changing landscape of what constituted scientificity in the first place. Epistemic virtues are the investments, at once methodological and ethical, that define the experimental mode. Experimental authors, this dissertation argues, seek ways for literature to produce knowledge with strong epistemic guarantees.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Literary and Feminist Neo-Avant-Garde: Carla Vasio’S Experimental Fiction
    Towards a Literary and Feminist Neo-Avant-Garde: Carla Vasio’s Experimental Fiction Lucia Re and Joseph Tumolo Fig. 1. Carla Vasio, in her home in Rome in June, 2019. Photo: Joseph Tumolo. Reproduced with permission of Carla Vasio. Carla Vasio (b. 1923; fig. 1) was one of two women writers present at the Gruppo 63’s first meeting in Palermo in October of 1963. The other was her friend, the poet Amelia Rosselli. Despite Vasio’s active involvement in several of the group’s meetings and activities over the years, she is rarely mentioned in critical discussions, and very little attention has been devoted to her work.1 This is not an isolated oversight, but a part of a larger pattern of marginalizing the women writers of the Italian neo-avant-garde.2 Even a cursory reading of Vasio’s works shows that this marginalization is unjustified, and that she is a writer who actively contributed to the aesthetic innovation of the Gruppo 63 while creating her own experimental literary style. As will become clear, Vasio’s experimentation is a fine example of neo-avant-garde aesthetics, distinguished by its sophisticated feminist critique of both the dominant masculinist dynamic of the Gruppo 63 and the misogyny of postwar Italian culture and society. Far from being a mere phase in her literary production, Vasio’s commitment to literary experimentation and feminism endured in different forms well beyond the 1960s.3 1 See Lucia Re, “Fanalini di coda,” in Gruppo 63. Il Romanzo sperimentale. Col senno di poi, ed. Nanni Balestrini and Andrea Cortellessa (Rome: L’orma, 2013), 319.
    [Show full text]
  • The Routledge Companion to Experimental Literature
    THE ROUTLEDGE COMPANION TO EXPERIMENTAL LITERATURE Edited by joe Bray, Alison Gibbons and Brian McHale Routledge Taylor & Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK CONTENTS List of figures ix Notes on contributors xi Acknowledgements xvi 1. Introduction 1 JOE BRAY, ALISON GIBBONS AND BRIAN McHALE PARTI The historical avant-gardes 19 A. Modernist-era experimentalism 2. Italian Futurism and Russian Cubo-Futurism 21 JOHN WHITE 3. The poetics of animism 36 Realism and the fantastic in expressionist literature and film RICHARD MURPHY 4. The surrealist experiments with language 48 PETER STOCKWELL 5. The literary absurd 62 JOANNA GAVINS B. Postmodernist experimentalism 6. Spontaneity and improvisation in postwar experimental poetry 75 BENJAMIN LEE 7. The nouveau roman and Tel Quel 89 DANIELLE MARX-SCOURAS 8. Lettrism and situationism 101 TYRUS MILLER CONTENTS 9. OuLiPo and proceduralism 115 JAN BAETENS 10. Metafiction 128 R. M. BERRY 11. Postmodernism and experiment 141 BRIAN McHALE C. Experiments with identity 12. Sexing the text 154 Women's avant-garde writing in the twentieth century ELLEN G. FRIEDMAN 13. Experiments in black 168 African-American avant-garde poetics ALDON LYNN NIELSEN 14. The limits of hybridity 182 Language and innovation in Anglophone postcolonial poetry PRIYAMVADA GOPAL D. The new experimentalism 15. Avant-Pop 199 LANCE OLSEN 16. Post-postmodernism 212 ROBERT L. MCLAUGHLIN 17. Globalization and transnationalism 224 LIAM CONNELL 18. Altermodernist fiction 238 ALISON GIBBONS 19. Manifestos and Ars Poetica 253 LAURA WINKIEL 20. Post-criticism 267 Conceptual takes GREGORY L. ULMER VI CONTENTS PART II Experiment now: printed matter 279 E. Experiments ivith language 21.
    [Show full text]
  • H.P. Lovecraft and the Modernist Grotesque
    Duquesne University Duquesne Scholarship Collection Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2008 H.P. Lovecraft nda the Modernist Grotesque Sean Elliot Martin Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/etd Recommended Citation Martin, S. (2008). H.P. Lovecraft nda the Modernist Grotesque (Doctoral dissertation, Duquesne University). Retrieved from https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/881 This Immediate Access is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. For more information, please contact [email protected]. H.P. LOVECRAFT AND THE MODERNIST GROTESQUE A Dissertation Submitted to the McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts Duquesne University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Sean Elliot Martin December 2008 Copyright by Sean Elliot Martin 2008 H.P. LOVECRAFT AND THE MODERNIST GROTESQUE By Sean Elliot Martin Approved November 21, 2008 ________________________________ ________________________________ Anne Brannen Laura Callanan Associate Professor of English Assistant Professor of English (Committee Chair) (Committee Member) ________________________________ ________________________________ Linda Kinnahan Professor of English (Committee Member) ________________________________ ________________________________ Albert Labriola Magali Michael Dean, McAnulty College and Graduate Chair, English Department School
    [Show full text]
  • Richard Kostelanetz
    Other Works by Richard Kostelanetz Fifty Untitled Constructivst Fictions (1991); Constructs Five (1991); Books Authored Flipping (1991); Constructs Six (1991); Two Intervals (1991); Parallel Intervals (1991) The Theatre of Mixed Means (1968); Master Minds (1969); Visual Lan­ guage (1970); In the Beginning (1971); The End of Intelligent Writing (1974); I Articulations/Short Fictions (1974); Recyclings, Volume One (1974); Openings & Closings (1975); Portraits from Memory (1975); Audiotapes Constructs (1975); Numbers: Poems & Stories (1975); Modulations/ Extrapolate/Come Here (1975); Illuminations (1977); One Night Stood Experimental Prose (1976); Openings & Closings (1976); Foreshortenings (1977); Word sand (1978); ConstructsTwo (1978); “The End” Appendix/ & Other Stories (1977); Praying to the Lord (1977, 1981); Asdescent/ “The End” Essentials (1979); Twenties in the Sixties (1979); And So Forth Anacatabasis (1978); Invocations (1981); Seductions (1981); The Gos­ (1979); More Short Fictions (1980); Metamorphosis in the Arts (1980); pels/Die Evangelien (1982); Relationships (1983); The Eight Nights of The Old Poetries and the New (19 81); Reincarnations (1981); Autobiogra­ Hanukah (1983);Two German Horspiel (1983);New York City (1984); phies (1981); Arenas/Fields/Pitches/Turfs (1982); Epiphanies (1983); ASpecial Time (1985); Le Bateau Ivre/The Drunken Boat (1986); Resume American Imaginations (1983); Recyclings (1984); Autobiographicn New (1988); Onomatopoeia (1988); Carnival of the Animals (1988); Ameri­ York Berlin (1986); The Old Fictions
    [Show full text]
  • The Labor of the Avant-Garde: Experimental Form and the Politics of Work in Post-War American Poetry and Fiction
    The Labor of the Avant-Garde: Experimental Form and the Politics of Work in Post-War American Poetry and Fiction Aaron W. Winslow Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2015 © 2015 Aaron Winslow All rights reserved ABSTRACT The Labor of the Avant-Garde: Experimental Form and the Politics of Work in Post-War American Poetry and Fiction Aaron W. Winslow While literary critics have explored the politics of labor in pre-war modernist literature, the post-45 avant-garde has continued to be framed as a depoliticized repetition of previous avant-garde styles. Examining American avant-garde literature in its relation to the political and economic shifts from the 1960s through the late 1980s, my dissertation corrects this narrative to show that labor and labor politics were central categories in post-war experimental poetry and fiction. I argue that writers as disparate as Charles Olson, William S. Burroughs, Samuel R. Delany, and Susan Howe reworked disjunctive modernist forms to cognitively map emergent economic tendencies in the US. Parataxis, collage, surrealist imagery, aleatory compositional methods, non-linear plotting, and metafictional narrative conceits all constitute the stylistic techniques of an avant-garde engaged in an extended dialogue about work and the politics of work. The canon of experimental literature functioned as a counter-discourse that contested and reshaped discourses of labor by considering it alongside categories of race, gender, and sexuality. By using labor as an entry point into the avant-garde, my dissertation reconsiders the post-war literary canon, revealing an avant-garde that includes writers working across modes and genres.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation Submitted in Partial Satisfaction of The
    From Dada to Digital: Experimental Poetry in the Media Age by Kurt Andrew Beals A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in German and the Designated Emphasis in Critical Theory in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Anton Kaes, Chair Professor Niklaus Largier Professor Elaine Tennant Professor Robert Kaufman Spring 2013 From Dada to Digital: Experimental Poetry in the Media Age ©2013 by Kurt Andrew Beals Abstract From Dada to Digital: Experimental Poetry in the Media Age by Kurt Andrew Beals Doctor of Philosophy in German Designated Emphasis in Critical Theory University of California, Berkeley Professor Anton Kaes, Chair At least since Mallarmé, if not before, poets in the Western tradition have responded to changes in media technologies by reflecting on their own relationship to language, and by reassessing the limits and possibilities of poetry. In the German- speaking world, this tendency has been pronounced in a number of experimental movements: Dada, particularly in Zurich and Berlin between 1916 and 1921; Concrete poetry, especially its Swiss and German variants in the 1950s and ’60s; and finally, digital or electronic poetry, a genre that is still developing all around the world, but has roots in Germany dating back to the late 1950s. For each of these movements, the increasing dominance of new media technologies contributes to an understanding of language as something material, quantifiable, and external to its human users, and casts doubt on the function of language as a means of subjective expression, particularly in the context of poetry.
    [Show full text]
  • The Concept of Work in Post-War British Experimental Fiction
    THE CONCEPT OF WORK IN POST-WAR BRITISH EXPERIMENTAL FICTION Christopher Webb Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at University College London Supervised by Dr Julia Jordan September 2018 1 DECLARATION I, Christopher Webb, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signed: 2 ABSTRACT Despite the emergence of a wide gamut of British experimental writing from the late-1950s through to the mid-1970s, there was a consensus that this particular type of writing constituted a ‘“useless” activity’. This was the conclusion not only amongst the various newspaper critics who frequently criticised the Arts Council for supporting ‘hippy art’, but amongst experimental writers themselves, such as Eva Figes (whose remark this was, used when she described her occupation as a novelist in the Guardian in 1968). The experimental writing of this period is fraught with an anxiety about its own uselessness. This thesis argues that this was symptomatic of a unique period in British literary history when traditional notions about work—and what ‘worked’ in terms of literature—were radically scrutinised and reassessed. The Concept of Work in Post-war British Experimental Writing proposes that only with an understanding of the British avant-garde’s engagement with the idea of work and its various corollaries can we fully appreciate the contribution to the development of the modern British novel during the mid-twentieth-century made by these writers, and to probe some of the reasons for their move away from realism.
    [Show full text]
  • Jakovljevic Branislav Alienation
    ALIENATION EFFECTS THEATER: THEORY/TEXT/PERFORMANCE Series Editors: David Krasner, Rebecca Schneider, and Harvey Young Founding Editor: Enoch Brater Recent Titles: Long Suffering: American Endurance Art as Prophetic Witness by Karen Gonzalez Rice Alienation Effects: Performance and Self-Management in Yugoslavia, 1945–91 by Branislav Jakovljević After Live: Possibility, Potentiality, and the Future of Performance by Daniel Sack Coloring Whiteness: Acts of Critique in Black Performance by Faedra Chatard Carpenter The Captive Stage: Performance and the Proslavery Imagination of the Antebellum North by Douglas A. Jones, Jr. Acts: Theater, Philosophy, and the Performing Self by Tzachi Zamir Simming: Participatory Performance and the Making of Meaning by Scott Magelssen Dark Matter: Invisibility in Drama, Theater, and Performance by Andrew Sofer Passionate Amateurs: Theatre, Communism, and Love by Nicholas Ridout Paul Robeson and the Cold War Performance Complex: Race, Madness, Activism by Tony Perucci The Sarah Siddons Audio Files: Romanticism and the Lost Voice by Judith Pascoe The Problem of the Color[blind]: Racial Transgression and the Politics of Black Performance by Brandi Wilkins Catanese Artaud and His Doubles by Kimberly Jannarone No Safe Spaces: Re-casting Race, Ethnicity, and Nationality in American Theater by Angela C. Pao Embodying Black Experience: Stillness, Critical Memory, and the Black Body by Harvey Young Illusive Utopia: Theater, Film, and Everyday Performance in North Korea by Suk-Young Kim Cutting Performances: Collage Events, Feminist Artists, and the American Avant-Garde by James M. Harding Alienation Effects PERFORMANCE AND SELF- MANAGEMENT IN YUGOSLAVIA, 1945– 91 Branislav Jakovljević ANN ARBOR University of Michigan Press Copyright © 2016 by the University of Michigan All rights reserved This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permited by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Visible Word : Experimental Typography and Modern Art, 1909
    Johanna Drucker ' 1 The Visible Word Experimental Typography and Modern Art, 1909-1923 ■ Johanna Drucker Early in this century, Futurist and Dada artists developed brilliantly innovative uses of typogra¬ phy—including visual poems and collages of words and letters—that blurred the boundaries between visual art and literature. In The Visible Word, Johanna Drucker shows how later art criticism and literary theory has distorted our understanding of such works. She argues that Futurist, Dadaist, and Cubist artists emphasized materiality as the heart of their experimental approach to both visual and poetic forms of representation; by midcentury, however, the tenets of New Criticism and High Modernism had polarized the visual and the literary. Drucker skillfully traces the development of this critical position, suggesting a methodology closer to the actual practices of the early avant-garde artists based on a rereading of their critical and theoretical writings. After reviewing theories of signification, the production of meaning, and materiality, she analyzes the work of four poets active in the typographic experimentation of the 1910s and 1920s: Ilia Zdanevich, Filippo Marinetti, Guillaume Apollinaire, and Tristan Tzara. Drucker explores the context for experimental typography in terms of printing, handwriting, and other practices concerned with the visual representa¬ tion of language. Her book concludes with a brief look at the ways in which experimental techniques of the early avant-garde were transformed in both liter¬ ary work and in applications to commercial design throughout the 1920s and early 1930s. (continued on back flap) This book is to be returned on or before the last date stamped below.
    [Show full text]
  • Less Is More: American Short Story Minimalism in Ernest Hemingway, Raymond Carver and Frederick Barthelme Thesis
    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Less is More: American Short Story Minimalism in Ernest Hemingway, Raymond Carver and Frederick Barthelme Thesis How to cite: Greaney, Philip John (2006). Less is More: American Short Story Minimalism in Ernest Hemingway, Raymond Carver and Frederick Barthelme. PhD thesis The Open University. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2006 The Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21954/ou.ro.0000e8d3 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk N) S-T-K-1C---T-E: tý Less is More American Short Story Minimalism in Ernest Hemingway, Raymond Carver and Frederick Barthelme Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophyfor the OpenUniversity in the discipline of Literature, September 2005 by Philip John Greaney, B. A., M. A. A-uTH-o(z- ijc> ? -s gos 4-fc,cD 2CC ph-rF oi; ý SjeV-ýk%SýC>W 2, ) ocl EX12 THE OPEN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH SCHOOL Library Authorisation Form Pleasereturn this form to theResearch School with the two.bound copies of your thesisto be depositedwith the UniversityLibrary. All candidatesshould complete parts one and two of the form. Part threeonly appliesto PhD candidates. Part One: CandidatesDetails ký! t 4.97! ýP; tJ6 -1 Name: ..
    [Show full text]