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Just Age Playing Around - How Second Life Aids and Abets Child Pornography Caroline Meek-Prieto
NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF LAW & TECHNOLOGY Volume 9 Article 6 Issue 3 Online Issue 10-1-2007 Just Age Playing Around - How Second Life Aids and Abets Child Pornography Caroline Meek-Prieto Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncjolt Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Caroline Meek-Prieto, Just Age Playing Around - How Second Life Aids and Abets Child Pornography, 9 N.C. J.L. & Tech. 88 (2007). Available at: http://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncjolt/vol9/iss3/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology by an authorized administrator of Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF L-xw & TECHNOLOGY 9 NC JOLT ONLINE ED. 88 (2008) JUST AGE PLAYING AROUND? How SECOND LIFE AIDS AND ABETS CHILD PORNOGRAPHY Caroline Meek-Prieto' In 2002, Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition held that the possession, creation, or distribution of "virtual child pornography," pornography created entirely through computer graphics, was not a punishable offense because regualtion impermissibly infringed on the First Amendment right to free speech and did not harm real children. Only afew years after that decision, however, the Court's wisdom is being put to the test. A virtual world called Second Life, coupled with motion sensing technology, may provide a means for child pornographers to exploit real children while escaping detection. Second Life also provides a forum where users actively engage in sexual conduct with what appears to be a child. -
The Ethics of Virtual Sexual Assault
The Ethics of Virtual Sexual Assault By John Danaher (draft copy of a forthcoming chapter in Oxford Handbook of Digital Ethics, edited by Carissa Véliz) Abstract: This chapter addresses the growing problem of unwanted sexual interactions in virtual environments. It reviews the available evidence regarding the prevalence and severity of this problem. It then argues that due to the potential harms of such interactions, as well as their nonconsensual nature, there is a good prima facie argument for viewing them as serious moral wrongs. Does this prima facie argument hold up to scrutiny? After considering three major objections – the ‘it’s not real’ objection; the ‘it’s just a game’ objection; and the ‘unrestricted consent’ objection – this chapter argues that it does. The chapter closes by reviewing some of the policy options available to us in addressing the problem of virtual sexual assault. Keywords: sexual assault; virtual reality; harm; consent; sexual autonomy; criminal law. 1. Introduction Roblox is an online gaming platform — or ‘imagination platform’ according to its developers — that allows users to create their own games. Players using the platform interact via onscreen avatars with a cartoonish, distinctively ‘blocky’ appearance. Roblox has more than 100 million actively monthly users (Alexander 2019) and its stated mission is to ‘bring the world together through play’.1 1 ‘The Story of Roblox’, video available on YouTube https://youtu.be/VL6rYNmfrjM 1 In June of 2018, Amber Petersen was reading to her seven year-old daughter, while the latter played Roblox on her iPad. At one point, Amber’s daughter interrupted her to show her what was happening in her game. -
Cyber-Synchronicity: the Concurrence of the Virtual
Cyber-Synchronicity: The Concurrence of the Virtual and the Material via Text-Based Virtual Reality A dissertation presented to the faculty of the Scripps College of Communication of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Jeffrey S. Smith March 2010 © 2010 Jeffrey S. Smith. All Rights Reserved. This dissertation titled Cyber-Synchronicity: The Concurrence of the Virtual and the Material Via Text-Based Virtual Reality by JEFFREY S. SMITH has been approved for the School of Media Arts and Studies and the Scripps College of Communication by Joseph W. Slade III Professor of Media Arts and Studies Gregory J. Shepherd Dean, Scripps College of Communication ii ABSTRACT SMITH, JEFFREY S., Ph.D., March 2010, Mass Communication Cyber-Synchronicity: The Concurrence of the Virtual and the Material Via Text-Based Virtual Reality (384 pp.) Director of Dissertation: Joseph W. Slade III This dissertation investigates the experiences of participants in a text-based virtual reality known as a Multi-User Domain, or MUD. Through in-depth electronic interviews, staff members and players of Aurealan Realms MUD were queried regarding the impact of their participation in the MUD on their perceived sense of self, community, and culture. Second, the interviews were subjected to a qualitative thematic analysis through which the nature of the participant’s phenomenological lived experience is explored with a specific eye toward any significant over or interconnection between each participant’s virtual and material experiences. An extended analysis of the experiences of respondents, combined with supporting material from other academic investigators, provides a map with which to chart the synchronous and synonymous relationship between a participant’s perceived sense of material identity, community, and culture, and her perceived sense of virtual identity, community, and culture. -
THE LAST SEX: FEMINISM and OUTLAW BODIES 1 Arthur and Marilouise Kroker
The Last Sex feminism and outlaw bodies CultureTexts Arthur and Marilouise Kroker General Editors CultureTexts is a series of creative explorations of the theory, politics and culture of postmodem society. Thematically focussed around kky theoreti- cal debates in areas ranging from feminism and technology to,social and political thought CultureTexts books represent the forward breaking-edge of contempory theory and prac:tice. Titles The Last Sex: Feminism and Outlnw Bodies edited and introduced by Arthur and Marilouise Kroker Spasm: Virtual Reality, Android Music and Electric Flesh Arthur Kroker Seduction Jean Baudrillard Death cE.tthe Parasite Cafe Stephen Pfohl The Possessed Individual: Technology and the French Postmodern Arthur Kroker The Postmodern Scene: Excremental Culture and Hyper-Aesthetics Arthur Kroker and David Cook The Hysterical Mule: New Feminist Theory edited and introduced by Arthur-and Marilouise Kroker Ideology and Power in the Age of Lenin in Ruins edited and introduced by Arthur and Marilouise Kroker , Panic Encyclopedia Arthur Kroker, Maril.ouise Kroker and David Cook Life After Postmodernism: Essays on Value and Culture edited and intloduced by John Fekete Body Invaders edited and introduced by Arthur and Marilouise Kroker THE LAST SEX feminism and outlaw bodies Edited with an introduction by Arthur and Marilouise Kroker New World Perspectives CultureTexts Series Mont&al @ Copyright 1993 New World Perspectives CultureTexts Series All rights reserved. No part of this publication may he reproduced, stored in o retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without prior permission of New World Perspectives. New World Perspectives 3652 Avenue Lava1 Montreal, Canada H2X 3C9 ISBN O-920393-37-3 Published simultaneously in the U.S.A. -
Sexual Communication, Including Nonverbal Dimensions Communication
CHAPTER Sexual 3 Communication FEATURES CHAPTER OBJECTIVES Multicultural Describe the process of sexual communication, including nonverbal Dimensions communication. Female and Male Subcultures? 1 Identify barriers to sexual communication, including gender Communication differences, attitudes about sexuality, and sexual language. Dimensions 2 Adult Sexting Discuss techniques for improving sexual communication. Ethical Dimensions ? Ethics, 3 ? Communication, and Date Rape Gender Dimensions Sexual Behavior in Marriage Communication go.jblearning.com/dimensions5e g o . Dimensions j b e l e 5 Attitudes About Sexuality a s Clarity in Sexual r n n io ing ns Communication .com/dime Learning Assertiveness Global Dimensions: International Differences in Discussing Sexuality Global Dimensions International Differences in Discussing Sexuality Communication Dimensions Guidelines for Healthy Sexual Communication © 2014 Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. Content not for sale or distribution. 48510_CH03_Pass3.indd 68 11/30/12 3:44 PM INTRODUCTION wo for the Road (1967) is a movie starring Audrey Hepburn as Joanna and Albert Finney as Mark. When they first meet on the T road in Europe, Joanna is in a touring girls’ choir and Mark is a struggling architect. The film follows their life together—through court- ship and marriage, infidelity, and parenthood—all on the road in a vari- ety of cars (hence the title), through a score of time-shifting vignettes. The film presents a lovely portrayal of a young couple growing in— and eventually out of—love. It not only shows the life cycle of a 12-year relationship, but also brilliantly portrays how communication changes during that life cycle. As the couple meets and falls in love at a dizzying pace, conversation flows. -
Abused Submissives in the BDSM Community Through a Gendered Framework
Kriminologiska institutionen Abused submissives in the BDSM community through a gendered framework A qualitative study Examensarbete 15 hp Kriminologi Kriminologi, kandidatkurs (30 hp) Höstterminen 2013 Tea Fredriksson Summary This study examines how abuse is viewed and talked about in the BDSM community. Particular attention is paid to gender actions and how a gendered framework of masculinities and femininities can further the understanding of how abuse is discussed within the community. The study aims to explore how sexual abuse of submissive men is viewed and discussed within the BDSM community, as compared to that of women. The study furthermore focuses on heterosexual contexts, with submissive men as victims of female perpetrators as its primary focus. To my knowledge, victimological research dealing with the BDSM community and its own views and definitions of abuse has not been conducted prior to the present study. Thus, the study is based on previous research into consent within BDSM, as this research provides a framework for non-consent as well. To conduct this study I have interviewed six BDSM practitioners. Their transcribed stories were then subjected to narrative analysis. The analysis of the material shows that victim blaming tendencies exist in the community, and that these vary depending on the victim’s gender. The findings indicate that the community is prone to victim blaming, and that this manifests itself differently for men and women. Furthermore, my results show that male rape myths can be used to understand cool victim-type explanations given by male victims of abuse perpetrated by women. After discussing my results, I suggest possible directions for further research. -
Man Enough: Fraternal Intimacy, White Homoeroticism, and Imagined Homogeneity in Mid-Nineteen
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: MAN ENOUGH: FRATERNAL INTIMACY, WHITE HOMOEROTICISM, AND IMAGINED HOMOGENEITY IN MID-NINETEENTH-CENTURY AMERICAN LITERATURE Geoffrey Saunders Schramm, Doctor of Philosophy, 2006 Dissertation directed by: Professor Marilee Lindemann Department of English “Man Enough” construes mid-nineteenth-century literary representations of sameness as corollaries of the struggle during this volatile era to realize unity among white men. I argue that three canonical authors envision homoerotic or same-sex erotic desire as a mechanism through which men can honor and defend sameness. These authors advert the connotative power of sameness by envisioning or assaying erotic desire between men as democratic. This fraternally conjugal (or conjugally fraternal) union serves as a consequence of the cultural directive to preserve the nation’s homogeneity. In chapter one I reflect upon the circulation of sameness in mid-nineteenth- century America. I provide an overview of the logic of sameness in conceptions of race and then discuss how it textured sexual difference. As historians have recorded, new homosocial spheres led to fraternal intimacy at a time when white men competed in the free market economy. These new forms of friendship were erotically—though not necessarily sexually—charged. In the second chapter I argue that in The Blithedale Romance Hawthorne represents homoeroticism as effecting strong, yet tender erotic bonds between men that circumvent women and feminizing domesticity. He ultimately registers that same-sex erotic desire imperils male individualism and autonomy since it demands submission. Chapter three begins with an observation that critics fail to consider how dominant attitudes about race and gender shaped Whitman’s representations. -
Volume CXXXIX, Number 11, January 29, 2021
The Student Newspaper of Lawrence University Since 1884 THE VOL. CXXXIX NO.LAWRENTIAN 11 APPLETON, WISCONSIN JANUARY 29, 2021 Junior Kelsi Bryant re- elected as LUCC President Gannon Flynn tainability committee, LUCC students dropped by four. Despite Sports Editor hopes to create consistent op- the seeming stagnation, there’s ___________________________________ portunities to make the Lawrence still the challenge of dealing with After another round of elec- campus more sustainable. Ac- how the virus affects student life tions, the Lawrence University cording to Bryant, this commit- — after all, Lawrence prides itself Community Council (LUCC) has a tee would be continued work to on close relations between faculty new president; junior Kelsi Bryant address immediate on-campus is- and students as well as small and was selected over her opponent, sues without creating permanent personal classroom settings. Bry- Judicial Board member junior institutions that lose relevancy ant hopes that LUCC will be able Jessica Toncler. As an incumbent over time, which Bryant believes to promote that type of environ- to the position, this was a re- makes a more efficient LUCC. ment while maintaining COV- election for Bryant, who won with Bryant is also interested in ID-19 safety protocols. 62.82 percent of the vote. making changes to Lawrence’s “With help from a current class “My current presidency has Office of Diversity and Inclusion, representative, we hope to make been very short, and there is so specifically with Title IX. Title IX more spaces, virtual and on cam- much that I am looking to do in is a federal law banning sex-based pus, where students can interact my future terms,” Bryant said. -
Virtual Prostitution: New Technologies and the World's Oldest Profession David Cardiff
Hastings Communications and Entertainment Law Journal Volume 18 | Number 4 Article 6 1-1-1996 Virtual Prostitution: New Technologies and the World's Oldest Profession David Cardiff Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_comm_ent_law_journal Part of the Communications Law Commons, Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, and the Intellectual Property Law Commons Recommended Citation David Cardiff, Virtual Prostitution: New Technologies and the World's Oldest Profession, 18 Hastings Comm. & Ent. L.J. 869 (1996). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_comm_ent_law_journal/vol18/iss4/6 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Communications and Entertainment Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Virtual Prostitution: New Technologies and the World's Oldest Profession by DAVID CARDIFF* Table of Contents I. Outline of the New Technologies .......................................... 874 II. A Brief History of the Laws Relating to Pornography ....... 877 A . Pornography in G eneral ................................................... 877 B . D ial-a-Porn C ases .............................................................. 882 C. Pornography as Prostitution Cases .................................. 887 III. Arguments For and Against Aggressive Porn R egulation ............................................................................... -
Cyber Sex: Sexuality, Youth, and Cyber Space
The 3rd Asia Pacific Next Generation Camp: “New Relationship with the Net”--2003/2/20-21, Taipei Draft—do not quote without author’s permission Cyber Sex: Sexuality, Youth, and Cyber Space Josephine Ho Center for the Study of Sexualities National Central University Chungli, Taiwan 320 [email protected] http://sex.ncu.edu.tw It is a great honor and pleasure for me to deliver this keynote speech at a conference designed for the NET generation, a generation that is growing up within an environment and a lifestyle built around the use of digital media. This new generation, along with its unpredictable but fascinating developments, has attracted the interests of educators and advertisers as well, although mostly for purposes of better supervision or better manipulation. And nowhere else are these intentions more obvious than in the area of cyber sex. World-class sociologist Anthony Giddens has described the late-modern world as one in which personal life as well as intimate relationships have become open and self-reflexive projects that involve everyday social experiments by the individual (8). And nowhere else is this self-reflexivity and self-experimentation more rigorously practiced than sexual liaisons on the net. So my talk this morning will be devoted to laying out these new formations of cyber sexuality as well as emerging efforts to curb them. I will concentrate especially on the individual-based rather than the commercially operated sexual contacts on the net. State of “Affairs” in Sexual Cyber Space It is well-known that while such technologies of freedom were first promoted by the state for politico-economic or military purposes, the widespread usage of the French MINITEL and the American ARPANET, both credited as forerunners of the Internet, was to a great extent facilitated by none other than their appropriation for purposes of erotic self-expression and interpersonal sexual contact by the population (Castells 343-345). -
Scene. Ch. 11, Pp. 146–158, Art & Obscenity. Kerstin Mey
Pub lished in 2007 by l.B.Tauris Et Co Ltd 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 www.ibtauris.com In the United States of America and in Canada distributed by Palg rave Macmillan, a division of St Martin's Press 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 Co p yrig ht ® Kerstin Mey, 2007 The right of Kersrin Mey to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by the author in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. PB ISBN 978 1 84511 235 6 HB ISBN 978 1 84511 234 9 A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library A full CIP record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Library of Congress catalog card: available Typeset in Agfa Roris by Steve Tribe, Andover Print ed and bound in Great Britain by TJ International, Padstow Chapter 11 Cyber-(ob)scene Virtual-sex programs featuring every simulated sound and sensation are not likely to be better in many ways than the real thing, for future generations they may become the real thing. Jef f r ey Deitch' Po rno g rap hy in dreams Po rno g rap hy in books Po rno g rap hy in cars Po rno g rap hy in Advertising And everywhere repression Rep r essed livings as the expression of everyday life Fr ee your mind and your ass will follow Pick it up, let it move, make it happen Go with the code Arm yourself with drugs, magic and computing Fu ck with fucking and drift into abstraction Zeros and ones turn me on Fl or i an Cramer and Stewart Home^ This final chapter concludes the discussion of how notions of the obscene operate ii relation to contemporary art within the context of the 'digital ether'. -
Sex Play in Virtual Worlds
Sex Play in Virtual Worlds Robin Fretwell Wilson* Table of Contents I. Introduction ................................................................................ 1127 II. Protecting Children in Virtual Worlds from Sexual Exploitation ................................................................................ 1134 A. The Failure of Internal Screens to Exclude Children from Adult Spaces ............................................................... 1135 B. Virtual Sex—Who’s Diddling Whom?................................ 1138 C. The Inadequacy of External Filters ...................................... 1143 III. Is Virtual Sex with a Child a Crime? .......................................... 1145 A. Ballooning Definitions of Child Sexual Abuse.................... 1146 1. Noncontact Offenses ..................................................... 1146 2. Proximity to the Child ................................................... 1150 3. Ignorance of the Child’s Age ........................................ 1153 B. The Difficulty with Extending Existing Crimes to Virtual Sex with a Child .................................................................. 1159 IV. Challenges to Reaching Virtual Sex with a Child ....................... 1162 V. Conclusion .................................................................................. 1174 I. Introduction When children play in proximity to adults, many of us naturally worry about less-than desirable results. This fear has existed since children began * Professor of Law and Law Alumni Faculty