Stadt Des Unfriedens Explosive Mischung: Jerusalem Wurde Seit Dem Abschluss Der Oslo-Abkommen Vor 21 Jahren Schauplatz Unzähliger Terroranschläge

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Stadt Des Unfriedens Explosive Mischung: Jerusalem Wurde Seit Dem Abschluss Der Oslo-Abkommen Vor 21 Jahren Schauplatz Unzähliger Terroranschläge AUSLAND Givat Zeev Hussein Abu Khdeir Schuafat, Ostjersualem Neve Yaakov Racheli Ibenboim Mea Schearim, Westjerusalem Har Juli 1997 Adar April 2002 Yafo Str. Pisgat Zeev Mahane Jehuda Ramot Markt Alon Shuafat Juni 2003 Jänner 2002 Rmat März 1996 Grüne Linie Shlomo August 2001 Yafo Str. (Waenstillstands- grenze von 1949) Mai 2003 März 2002 French Hill King GeorgBen-Jehuda-Str. Str. Juni 2002 Jerusalem Stadtgebiet HEBRÄISCHE Dez. 2001 Oktober 2014 UNIVERSITÄT JERUSALEM Sept.1997 November 2014 ZENTRALE Juli 2002 STADTZENTRUM Februar 1996 BUSSTATION 6. März 2015 Nahalat Shimon Sheikh (Campus Osnat Kollek Mea Schearim Jarrah Mount Scopus) Rehavia, Westjerusalem Juli 2008 Februar 2015 November 2014 HEBRÄISCHE Beit Orot Har UNIVERSITÄT ZENTRUM Scharon-Haus Maale Nof JERUSALEM Maale Adumim Bashir Bashir KNESSET ALTSTADT Die Trennmauer Rehavia, Westjerusalem Rehavia David Maale März 2002 Silwan Zeitim Jänner 2004 Ir David Talbieh Österreichisches WEST- Feb. 2004 Hospiz Kidmat Zion JERUSALEM Emek Refaim/ Grabes- Abu Dis kirche November 2002 Deutsche Kolonie Muslimisches OST- Viertel September 2003 Via Dolorosa Kiryat JERUSALEM Juni 2002 Menahem Tempel- berg WESTJORDANLAND Jabal Christliches Felsendom JERUSALEM Mukabar Viertel Klagemauer ISRAEL Jüdisches Viertel 2km Armenisches Sur Bahir Viertel ALTSTADT Oktober 2008 Gilo Har Homa Issa Freij Christliches Viertel, Altstadt von Jerusalem Stadt des Unfriedens Explosive Mischung: Jerusalem wurde seit dem Abschluss der Oslo-Abkommen vor 21 Jahren Schauplatz unzähliger Terroranschläge. Der Bau von jüdischen Siedlungen in Ostjerusalem und profilinfografik•noa dem angrenzenden Westjordanland trägt zur Spannung in der heiligen Stadt bei. 60 profil 11 • 9. März 2015 Givat Zeev Wo die Götter wohnen Hussein Abu Khdeir Jerusalem, Israels „ewig geeinte Hauptstadt“, ist heute Schuafat, Ostjersualem Neve geteilter denn je: zwischen Israelis und Palästinensern, Yaakov zwischen Christen, Juden und Moslems, zwischen religiösen und säkularen Juden. profil besuchte Bewohner, die unter Racheli Ibenboim Mea Schearim, Westjerusalem diesem Zustand leiden und ihn endlich ändern wollen. Har Juli 1997 Adar April 2002 Text und Fotos: Tessa Szyszkowitz Yafo Str. Pisgat Zeev Mahane Jehuda Ramot Markt on König David, Jesus und Mohammed zu Jassir Alon Shuafat Juni 2003 Jänner 2002 Arafat und Benjamin Netanjahu wandeln seit drei Rmat März 1996 Jahrtausenden nahöstliche Superstars und ihre Ge- Grüne Linie Shlomo Yafo Str. V August 2001 folgsleute durch die engen Gassen der Stadt, die allen (Waenstillstands- grenze von 1949) Mai 2003 als heilig gilt, wenn auch aus verschiedenen Gründen. März 2002 Ihr Name, auf Hebräisch „Jeruschalaim“, trägt das Wort French Hill für Frieden – „Schalom“ – in sich. Doch die fromme Hoff- King GeorgBen-Jehuda-Str. Str. Juni 2002 Jerusalem Stadtgebiet HEBRÄISCHE Dez. 2001 nung will sich nicht erfüllen. Seit jeher bestimmt Ge- Oktober 2014 UNIVERSITÄT walt das Geschehen in der Stadt mit der weltweit höchs- JERUSALEM Sept.1997 November 2014 ten Dichte an religiösen Stätten. ZENTRALE Juli 2002 STADTZENTRUM Der Hass ist immer politisch oder religiös motiviert, Februar 1996 BUSSTATION 6. März 2015 Nahalat Shimon Sheikh (Campus meistens beides. Im vergangenen Juli etwa wurde der Osnat Kollek Mea Schearim Jarrah Mount 16-jährige Mohammed Abu Khdeir vor seinem Haus in Scopus) Rehavia, Westjerusalem Juli 2008 Februar 2015 Schuafat in Ostjerusalem von israelischen Rechtsextre- misten entführt und bei lebendigem Leib verbrannt. November 2014 HEBRÄISCHE Beit Orot Har UNIVERSITÄT ZENTRUM Scharon-Haus Maale Ende November drangen drei palästinensische Terroris- Nof JERUSALEM Maale Adumim ten in eine Synagoge im Westjerusalemer Bezirk Har Nof Bashir Bashir KNESSET ALTSTADT Die Trennmauer Rehavia, Westjerusalem Rehavia David ein und erschossen vier betende Juden. Auch in ruhigen Maale Wochen kommt es immer wieder zu Messerstechereien März 2002 Silwan Zeitim Jänner 2004 in Westjerusalem oder in der Altstadt. Unlängst hat der Ir David Talbieh Österreichisches israelische Bürgermeister der Stadt, Nir Barkat, eigen- Hospiz WEST- Feb. 2004 händig einen palästinensischen Attentäter vor der Alt- Kidmat Zion JERUSALEM Emek Refaim/ Grabes- stadtmauer niedergerungen. Der Mann stand messer- Abu Dis kirche November 2002 Deutsche Kolonie Muslimisches schwingend mitten auf der Kreuzung vor dem Bürger- OST- Viertel September 2003 Via Dolorosa meisterbüro. Die ohnehin fragile Koexistenz in der Stadt, Kiryat JERUSALEM die auf Arabisch „al-Kuds“ (die Heilige), heißt, ist zusam- Juni 2002 Menahem Tempel- mengebrochen. berg Jerusalem, die seit 1967 vereinigte – international WESTJORDANLAND Jabal Christliches Felsendom nicht anerkannte – Hauptstadt des Staates Israel, ist ge- JERUSALEM Mukabar Viertel Klagemauer teilter denn je. Es gibt zwar keine Mauer zwischen dem ISRAEL Jüdisches israelischen Westen und dem arabischen Osten. Freiwil- Viertel lig aber gehen die Palästinenser kaum mehr in die West- 2km Armenisches bezirke, und Israelis denken nur im Albtraum daran, in Sur Bahir Viertel ALTSTADT die Ostbezirke zu fahren – außer sie sind Siedler, die dort Oktober 2008 wohnen. In dieser Stadt der Extremisten hat profil Be- wohner besucht, die sich mit der herrschenden Situati- Gilo on nicht abfinden wollen und die sich trotz allem für Ko- existenz und ein gemeinsames Jerusalem einsetzen. Har Homa Issa Freij Hussein Abu Khdeir Christliches Viertel, Schuafat, Ostjerusalem Altstadt von Jerusalem „Da ist er gesessen“, sagt Hussein Abu Khdeir und zeigt Terroranschläge seit 1994 auf die Steinstufe vor seinem Elektro-Geschäft. Hier, Bezirke, die nach 1967 gebaut wurden gleich neben dem Haus seiner Eltern an der Hauptstra- Arabische Bezirke ße von Schuafat, wartete Mohammed am 2. Juli 2014 auf den Beginn des Morgengebets in der Moschee. Plötzlich profilinfografik•noa Siedler-Enklaven in Ostjerusalem wurde der palästinensische Bub von drei Israelis in ein Quellen: The New York Times, B’Tselem, Ir Amim, profil Ultraorthodoxe Bezirke Auto gezerrt und in einem nahegelegenen Wald umge- 9. März 2015 • profil 11 61 AUSLAND bracht. Der Vater ist der Elektriker des Be- etwa 230.000 Araber in jerusalemer Bezirk Re- zirks, in seinem Geschäft verkauft er Tele- Ostjerusalem. Sie haben havia, wo es Restau- fone. „Wir hatten immer viele jüdische eine israelische ID als rants gibt, die auch am Kunden“, sagt Hussein Abu Khdeir gefasst. Personaldokument und Samstag, dem Schab- Das hat sich im vergangenen halben Anrecht auf Privilegien bat, geöffnet sind. Jahr geändert. „Mit diesen Siedler-Nazis wie die israelische Ge- Dorthin zogen die Jek- kann keiner zusammenleben“, sagt er: „Die sundheitsversorgung. ken, die deutschen Ju- rechtsradikale Regierung unterstützt die Sie können auch einen den, die dem Ho- rechtsextremen Siedler, und die israeli- israelischen Pass be- locaust in Europa ent- sche Polizei und die israelische Armee kommen – worauf die kommen waren. Sie schauen tatenlos zu.“ Die Mörder seines meisten aber bisher aus holt tief Luft und sagt: Sohnes sind noch immer nicht verurteilt. nationalistischen Grün- OSNat KOLLek „Wir benehmen uns Es scheint niemand zu fragen, wer mit den verzichtet haben. „Benehmen uns wie geschlagene Kinder, heute wie geschlagene dem Misstrauen und dem Morden ange- Als Reisedokument ver- die zu prügelnden Eltern wurden.“ Kinder, die zu prügeln- fangen hat. Wurde Mohammed bei leben- wenden die Ostjerusa- den Eltern wurden.“ digem Leib verbrannt, weil zuvor drei lemer wie die Palästinenser aus dem West- Die Diskriminierung der arabischen Siedlerkinder beim Autostoppen in der jordanland zumeist jordanische Doku- Bewohner ist Teil der praktizierten Stadt- Westbank entführt und erschossen wor- mente. politik. Die israelische Organisation den waren? Zum Teil ja, zum Teil hat sich Aber Hussein Abu Khdeir will nicht Btselem dokumentiert jeden einzelnen der Hass längst verselbstständigt. Und in weichen: „Egal, wie schwer die Israelis es Fall. Jüdische Hausprojekte werden geför- Jerusalem kommt eben alles zusammen: uns machen, wir werden nicht aufgeben. dert, palästinensische – wie im Falle von Juden, Moslems und Christen streiten sich Wir bleiben hier.“ Hussein Abu Kheidr – oft behindert. Seit um die Stadt. Palästinenser und Israelis 1994 kann etwa eine Palästinenserin auf- bestehen auf Jerusalem als Hauptstadt ih- Osnat Kollek grund einer Direktive des israelischen In- rer Staaten. Rehavia, Westjerusalem nenministeriums jederzeit ihren Jerusa- Abu Khdeir geht die Stufen zu seinem Die schwierige juristische Lage, die Real- lem-Status verlieren, wenn „ihr Lebens- Haus hinauf und zeigt auf die Kacheln auf politik der nationalistischen Führungen mittelpunkt“ nicht in der Stadt ist – zum dem Boden. Das erste Stockwerk wurde und die Gewalt auf beiden Seiten machen Beispiel, wenn sie einen Palästinenser aus 1934 gebaut. Seine das Leben in der einem jenseits der Kommunegrenzen lie- Familie lebt seit heiligen Stadt zu- genden Dorf ehelicht. Oft werden dabei Generationen in sehends unerträg- Sicherheitsgründe angeführt. Jerusalem. „Ich lich. „Als Araber in So hat sich Jerusalem enorm, aber eth- habe jahrelang bei Schuafat kann nisch ungleich entwickelt. Bis 1967 gab es den Behörden um man doch nur mit keine Juden im Ostteil der Stadt, heute die Genehmigung Hass auf die Israe- machen sie dort bereits 40 Prozent aus – für eine weitere lis aufwachsen“, die meisten leben in neu gebauten Sied- Etage angesucht, sagt Osnat Kollek. lungen wie Pisgat Ze’ev oder Maale Adu- aber dem wurde Ihr Vater Teddy mim. J EI nie stattgegeben“, FR Kollek war
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