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Israeli Settlement Activities & Related Policies in Jerusalem

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JERUSALEM Israeli Settlement Activities & Related Policies June 2009June INTRODUCTION Ramallah Throughout history, Jerusalem has thrived as an important Jerusalem’s Municipal political and cultural center and as a religious focal point for Boundaries, 1947-2000 Qalandia the three monotheistic religions. This status has resulted in Airport numerous struggles taking place in an attempt to possess this significant city. From the outset of the occupation in 1967, successive Israeli Beit governments have zealously and incessantly pursued one ma- Hanina jor goal, namely, the ‘Judaization’ of East Jerusalem, a policy of changing its Arab character and creating a new geopolitical Shu'fat reality in order to guarantee territorial, demographic, and re- ligious control over all of city. They have shared their pursuit Deir of this goal with various settler groups, and while the former Yassin Jerusalem Old has concentrated on expropriating Palestinian land and build- City ing large, ‘official’ settlements in East Jerusalem, the latter have Ein Karim focused on ‘secretly’ infiltrating Arab neighborhoods as well as Abu Dis archaeological sites in and around the Old City, their motiva- Malha tion being both messianic and nationalistic in nature. Beit Safafa Sur It was during the Camp David II talks held in July 2000 that Baher Jerusalem was for the very first time placed on the negotia- tion table. Agreement, however, was not forthcoming, and Je- 0 5 km Bethlehem rusalem consequently remains at the heart of the Arab-Israeli Map: Jan de Jong, 2000 conflict and one of the most complex issues still awaiting a just solution. However, recent years have seen an increase in the While the focus ofMunicipal the Area bulletin of Jerusalem Sinceis on1967 (insettlement thousand dunums) related top- number of Israel’s elaborate geopolitical strategies to consoli- ics, it should be noted that Israel’s ongoing efforts at foiling date its exclusive sovereignty over Jerusalem. Therefore, the diplomacy are further aided by its discriminatory residency parameters of a political division of the city that Bill Clinton rights and housing policies, closure and permit regime, as well laid out (“What is Arab should be Palestinian,” and “what is as house demolitions and the separation barrier. Jewish should be Israeli”) become meaningless. In the months following the November 2007 Annapolis confer- ence, Israeli construction in Jerusalem and beyond its bounda- ries significantly accelerated and increased - often through or (Source: StatisticalContents: Yearbook of Jerusalem, 2000.) in close cooperation with settler organizations. Out of a total of approximately 470,000 settlers in the occupied Palestinian The Old City .............................................................. 2 Territories, 40% - or 190,000 - are currently living in East Jeru- salem, with another 96,000 in settlements around Jerusalem. A The Old City’s Environs and the “Holy Basin” Peace Now report released in March 2009 shows that Israel Area .............................................................................. 5 plans to build 5,722 new housing units in East Jerusalem alone. In addition, recent Peace Now calculations have shown that The “Holy Basin” area beyond the Old City ....... 9 almost 2,000 settlers now live in outposts in the heart of the Palestinian neighborhoods of East Jerusalem. Building New and Expansion of Settlements Within the Municipal Boundaries........................... 11 This bulletin describes current Israeli plans, trends and under- Overview Map ............................................................ takings in Jerusalem. It provides the facts, figures, means and 12 policies employed by Israel to strengthen its grip on the city. The Settlement Enterprise Beyond the Municipal It shows how Israel is trying to exclude Jerusalem from any Boundaries (‘Greater Jerusalem’) ........................... future negotiations by making sure that the city can never be 16 “divided” along any lines, and hindering any Palestinian plans Other Related Policies and Plans ........................... 19 to develop East Jerusalem and declare it the capital of a future Palestinian state. PASSIA Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs, Jerusalem Tel: +972-2-6264426, Fax: +972-2-6282819, E-mail: [email protected] , Website: www.passia.org , PO Box 19545, Jerusalem JERUSALEM Israeli Settlement Activities & Related Policies THE OLD CiTY According to the Israel Construction and Housing Ministry, there are currently approximately 75 families and 600 yeshiva students in settler enclaves in the Old City (outside of the Successive Israeli governments since 1967 have consistently Jewish Quarter), and plans are underway to build a large new carried out the policy of surrounding the inner core of Jerusa- settlement (35 housing units) within the Muslim Quarter (EU lem with areas of Jewish settlement. The Old City and its im- heads of mission report on East Jerusalem, March 2009). mediate environs has seen a significant increase in governmen- tal support for the activities of extremist settler groups such The Israeli government has handed de facto control of the as (focusing on Silwan), (focusing El ‘Ad Ateret Cohanim large national park that surrounds the Old City from the on the Old City and seeking to rebuild the Temple on the site south and the east, including its religious and historic sites, of Al-Aqsa Mosque), Hay VeKayam, and Amana, all of which to El ‘Ad (in 2002 via the Israel Nature and Parks Authority). enjoy wide public support in regard to their efforts to take There are plans for another national park, northeast of the Old over as much Palestinian property as possible. City, to be placed under the control of Jewish extremists. In 2006, Ateret Cohanim was handed a project, co-funded by the Currently, Jewish settlers either hold sites that they have re- Israeli Ministry of Infrastructure from monies set aside for the cently taken over or plan to occupy in the following areas: the rehabilitation of quarries. The project was meant to ‘restore’ Old City’s , including the Muslim Quarter Burj Al-Laqlaq a 3,000-year-old quarry running 280 m under the Old City, area near Herod’s Gate, the Christian Quarter (St. John’s from Herod’s Gate toward Al-Haram Ash-Sharif, and transform Hospice/’Neot David’ and the Petra and New Imperial Ho- it into a tourist site (Americans for Peace Now, “The Battle for Jerusa- tels on Omar Ibn Khattab Square just inside Jaffa Gate), the lem’s Old City and Holy Basin,” Settlements in Focus, Vol. 2, No. 8, May 2006). ‘City of David’ and the Al-Bustan area in Silwan, Beit Orot on the Mount of Olives, Musrara (between Damascus Gate In this context the fact that El ‘Ad’s Evyatar Cohen, the di- and Hanevi’im Street, where Jewish settlers currently oc- rector of the visitors’ center, is also the director of the Is- cupy two properties). In the Muslim and Christian Quarters rael Nature and Parks Authority’s Jerusalem district speaks of the Old City alone, it is estimated that some 900 settlers volumes. In May 2009, Ir Amim revealed a secret government (more than half of them yeshiva students) already control plan - through the Jerusalem Development Authority and in some 75-80 homes or complexes. Some of these house yes- conjunction with settler organizations - to surround the Old hivas, kollels, and Torah study centers (Peace Now, May 2009). City with nine parks, tourist sites and pathways in a bid to con- solidate its occupation of the area. The plan is part of Decision Mirtsnik Park Israeli Projects in the Old City and the “Holy Basin” Area Sheikh Jarrah Kidron Salient 1 Planned Settlement, Burj Al-Laqlaq Area Wadi Al-Joz Tzurim Park 2 1996 Tunnel 3 Suwaneh Hamam Al-Ein Tunnel Northern Park & 4 Mughrabi Gate / Bridge 8 adjacent area 5 Israeli Excavations 6 King’s Silwan Tunnel Valley 7 Givati Parking Lot Excavations 1 8 Site of the Planned Hotel Holy Sepulcher Area expropriated for the reconstitution Mt. of of an extended Jewish Quarter, 1968 Olives Haram Major religious and public buildings Ash-Sharif Park 2 Structurally damaged building due to Israeli excavations 3 Existing Israeli Tunnel 4 Planned / Under Construction Israeli Tunnel 5 Valley Kidron Planned / Existing National Parks Al-Buraq 7 Mt. of Olives (Wailing Wall) Visitors’ Center 6 Mt. Zion Park “City of David” Mt. Zion outskirts Bustan Area Ras Al-Amud Silwan The Sambuski Cemetery 2 JERUSALEM Israeli Settlement Activities & Related Policies No. 4090 (“Prioritize: Bolstering the City of Jerusalem”), which was endorsed by the Sharon cabinet in August 2005 to change the AL-BURAQ WALL forms part of the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound. geopolitical status quo in East Jerusalem, and allocated an over- The site is holy to Muslims all investment of NIS 480 million (from 2006-2013) for the as they believe that Prophet development of the Old City Basin and the Mount of Olives. Mohammed was taken in a night journey from the Noble In addition, excavations are carried out in the existing West- Sanctuary in Mecca to Al- ern Wall tunnel underneath the Haram Ash-Sharif com- Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem pound, which have caused damage to several adjacent prop- (Isra’ wa Miraj, Qur’an 17:1). erties - including the Waqf office, Ribat Al-Kurd, the historic Jews, meanwhile, refer to Uthmani and Al-Tankazi Schools - and led in February 2009 the wall as the Kotel or Wail- to the collapse of a UN-affiliated school, injuring 17 school- ing Wall (Mabka in Arabic), a children. Work also continues on a 100-m tunnel from the direct reference to the Jewish Hamam Al-Ein area (Muslim Quarter) towards the Al-Aqsa mourning of the destruction compound. In Oct. 2008, the “Ohel Yitzhak” synagogue was of the Temple. They also like opened in the same area; it will be connected to the network to refer to it as the Western of tunnels. Wall – even though it forms only a part of the entire west- ern wall of Al-Aqsa com- Israeli excavations at Al-Buraq Wall, 1968.
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