A Dialogue for Change by Clay Constantinou
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A Dialogue for Change by Clay Constantinou In an address to the United Nations General Assembly in September 1998, President Mohammed Khatami of Iran put forth an urgent call for a “dialogue among civiliza- tions,” with the hope that this endeavor would begin a process to replace hostility and confrontation with discourse and understanding. Following President Khatami’s proposal, the General Assembly unanimously pro- claimed 2001 as the UN Year of Dialogue among Civilizations. To further support this dialogue, Secretary-General Kofi Annan has invited an international panel of eminent persons to look closely at issues of identity, diversity, and intergroup rela- tions, and has designated former chief United Nations hostage negotiator and under- secretary-general Giandomenico Picco as his personal representative to lead this ef- fort. Mr. Picco and the panel of eminent persons are working in close partnership with the School of Diplomacy and International Relations, which was designated as the Secretariat for this initiative. This process of research and international discourse will result in an important publication, which will be presented to Secretary-General Kofi Annan. The secretary-general will then convey this publication to the UN General Assembly at a special session on December 3 and 4, 2001. We are pleased to publish in this issue Mr. Picco’s reflections on the dialogue among civilizations as he leads this historic process forward. The School of Diplomacy and International Relations is deeply honored to pub- lish the contributions of the distinguished authors in our special section on Evolving Institutions and Transatlantic Relations. As influential and prominent government leaders of the European Union and the United States, they offer a unique insight into how cooperation can be achieved across the Atlantic. This has been a truly extraordinary year for the School of Diplomacy. Our stu- dent body, representing more than forty countries and speaking more than thirty languages, has grown to nearly 250 strong. Whether serving as a forum for heads of state or working with the United Nations as an affiliated nongovernmental organiza- tion, our school has gained much prestige and recognition. We will continue to en- hance our programs and to provide a high-quality and well-rounded learning envi- ronment for our students. Amb. Clay Constantinou (Ret.) is dean of the School of Diplomacy and International Relations at Seton Hall University. 4 Seton Hall Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations A Dialogue among Civilizations 400 South Orange Avenue McQuaid Hall South Orange, NJ 07079 by Giandomenico Picco Tel: 973-275-2515 • Fax: 973-275-2519 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://diplomacy.shu.edu It took me a very short time to understand why the United Nations membership quickly reached a consensus in Fall 1998 when it declared 2001 the UN Year of Dialogue among Civilizations. Doubtless, my understanding had little to do with the The School of Diplomacy and International Relations was established in alliance with the United Nations Association of the United States of America. The School’s academic pro- politics of the issue or the reasons behind the General Assembly’s consensus. Yet, it all grams, leading to a Bachelor of Science or a Master of Arts in Diplomacy and International seemed crystal clear when the secretary-general asked for my contribution to this Relations, prepare an international student body to become the next generation of global concept, to give it a meaning from a UN perspective. I felt that the idea of a dialogue leaders. was an instinctive response to a decade that had witnessed so many indignities justi- Students come to the School from all over the world to participate in an innovative fied under false pretenses—a decade that virtually began under the fallacy of “the curriculum that educates them from a global perspective and promotes the use of diplo- clash of civilizations.” I find it even more appropriate that the call for a dialogue macy for careers in public service, business, law, technology, and the nonprofit sector. The among civilizations should actually stem from the Islamic world—specifically, Iran, a School offers state-of-the-art technology, a multicultural environment, a blend of theory region and civilization that greatly suffered from the fallacy of the clash theory. and practical experience, and a values-based education to train students for the evolving It is very difficult to find anyone who would oppose the concept of dialogue. But roles of diplomacy and international relations in the twenty-first century. even more difficult is the act of transforming the instinctively sound cry for a dia- The School of Diplomacy and International Relations is an affiliate of the Association logue into a constructive, practical, and focused approach that would benefit the of Schools of International and Public Affairs (APSIA) and has been conferred nongovern- mental organization status by the United Nations through its Department of Public Infor- world organization, and with it, its membership. The challenge to me, therefore, was mation. not why a dialogue among civilizations, but rather how to achieve it. ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ Being neither an academic nor a scientist, neither a statesman nor a leading glo- bal financier, I thought I would search within my own life experience to make some Seton Hall Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations sense of what dialogue could mean to me. As one of the six billion inhabitants of this Editor in Chief planet, I can claim at least as much life experience as any. I have been fortunate to Tonya Ugoretz enjoy the opportunity to work, live, and interact in various parts of the world at various depths of human exchange, sometimes so deep as to actually tread the border Deputy Editor in Chief Senior Editor where life and death meet. It seems to me, looking at the beginning of my life, that we Hubert Kalinowski Rolene Guilland have all moved on this earth in different ways and at different levels, but nevertheless Assistant Editors we have moved in the same direction: that of becoming more and more intercon- Managing Editor Gloria Akhuele nected, more and more affected by each other, and, accordingly and simply, closer to Carlos Suarez Ayça Ariyoruk each other. No matter what the level of wealth or knowledge we possess, the inhabit- Kimberly Duffy ants scattered around this globe are more in contact today than we were fifty years Assistant Managing Editors Natalie Fernandez ago. Our proximity to one another is destined only to increase, and our ability to Adriane Curtis Otilia Gaidos affect each other will grow ever greater. Not much else seems necessary to make the Suying Hugh Michael Molinari call for a dialogue quite compelling. Veronica Prado Josmary Sandoval Almost immediately after uttering the words “dialogue among civilizations,” images Donald Tironi came to my mind of a trip I undertook in 1994 as a private citizen across the Balkans Production Editor Mary Vignogna at war. I had wanted to go there, like many, I presume, in search of an answer that Sekou Bangura Sohail H. Zaidi newspaper commentaries and politicians’ statements would not provide. The ques- Faculty Advisors Margarita Balmaceda, PH.D. Giandomenico Picco is [Author: please provide a sentence or two of biographical information.] Phillip Moremen, J.D., M.A.L.D. Seton Hall Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations Seton Hall Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations 4 Picco Dialogue among Civilizations 5 tion I had was “Why?” Why would so many seem to need so much “enemy,” and why and try to make it a response to the fallacy of ethnic cleansing, to the lies and the had so many lies been used to justify it? What was ethnic cleansing if not the igno- blasphemies committed during the 1990s by individuals who perceived and still per- minious manifestation of a mindset that perceives diversity as a threat? But the sim- ceive diversity and “otherness” as a threat to them. No need, therefore, to be plicity of this answer was hidden behind political explanations, historical account- deconstructed by a semantic conversation on what is a civilization and what is not; ings, institutional analyses, and religious theories. As it turned out, they were all lies, even less to count how many civilizations there are, have been, and will continue to or, to be kinder, cover-ups for the decisions made by the only entity on earth that can be. The focus of the dialogue, I thought, had to be quite clear, and yet practical; quite employ rational faculties in support of its choices: the human individual. I walked touchable, and yet ethical; quite visible, and yet conceptual. To this day, I do not through the battlefields of the Balkans in 1994, as I had walked for different reasons know if this can be achieved or whether the contribution I will try to make through and in different capacities through the streets of Beirut some years earlier, and the the opportunity offered to me by the secretary-general will actually reach the destina- valleys of Afghanistan several years before that. In vain I looked for the “killing hand tion I would like it to. Nevertheless, I will pursue what I believe is the focus and of history,” “the raping arm of culture,” the “destructive boot of institutions,” or the simple objective: the dialogue may well have to be one simply between those who “mutilating fist of religion.” They were nowhere to be found. What I did find were perceive diversity as a threat and those who perceive diversity as an opportunity for the faces and the names of individual killers and individual victims. What I found betterment and growth. were the stories of single human beings: their crimes, their failed hopes, and their Is not the United Nations itself fundamentally based on the appreciation and desperate attempts to justify their guilt under different names, but to no avail.