Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents

Monday, June 13, 1994 Volume 30—Number 23 Pages 1209–1267

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Addresses and Remarks Communications to Congress—Continued France Commodity Credit Corporation, message Dinner hosted by President Mitterrand in transmitting report—1258 Paris—1255 Elections in South Africa, message—1258 National Assembly in Paris—1247 Haiti, message—1262 Pointe du Hoc in Normandy, 50th Iraq, letter—1241 anniversary of D-Day—1237 Role of the U.S. Navy in the Normandy Communications to Federal Agencies invasion—1236 Haiti, memorandum—1264 U.S. cemetery in Colleville-sur-Mer, 50th Executive Orders anniversary of D-Day—1240 National Defense Industrial Resources Utah Beach in Normandy, 50th anniversary Preparedness—1228 of D-Day—1238 Prohibiting Certain Transactions With Respect Haiti, sanctions—1259 to Haiti—1261 Italy, dinner hosted by President Scalfaro— 1209 Interviews With the News Media Radio address—1214 Exchanges with reporters Senator Edward M. Kennedy, telephone North Aylesbury, United Kingdom—1212 conversation—1259 Paris, France—1245 Senator James M. Jeffords, telephone Interviews conversation—1260 French media—1251 United Kingdom Harry Smith, CBS—1220 Arrival—1210 Sam Donaldson, ABC—1222 Crew of the U.S.S. George Washington in Tom Brokaw, NBC—1225 Portsmouth—1216 Wolf Blitzer, CNN—1217 Oxford University, Doctorate in Civil Law—1256 Meetings With Foreign Leaders U.S. cemetery in Cambridge—1210 France Appointments and Nominations Mayor Chirac of Paris—1245 President Mitterrand—1255 U.S. Court of Appeals, judge—1258 Prime Minister Balladur—1245 U.S. District Court, judges—1258 Italy, President Scalfaro—1209 Communications to Congress United Kingdom, Prime Minister Major— Budget deferrals, message—1258 1212

(Continued on the inside back cover.)

WEEKLY COMPILATION OF regulations prescribed by the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register, approved by the President (37 FR 23607; 1 CFR Part 10). PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS Distribution is made only by the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Published every Monday by the Office of the Federal Reg- The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents will be ister, National Archives and Records Administration, Washing- furnished by mail to domestic subscribers for $80.00 per year ton, DC 20408, the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- ($137.00 for mailing first class) and to foreign subscribers for ments contains statements, messages, and other Presidential $93.75 per year, payable to the Superintendent of Documents, materials released by the White House during the preceding Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. The week. charge for a single copy is $3.00 ($3.75 for foreign mailing). The Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents is pub- There are no restrictions on the republication of material lished pursuant to the authority contained in the Federal Reg- appearing in the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Docu- ister Act (49 Stat. 500, as amended; 44 U.S.C. Ch. 15), under ments.

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Statements by the President Supplementary Materials See also Appointments and Nominations Acts approved by the President—1267 Assistance to California—1256 Checklist of White House press releases— Congressional action on health care reform— 1266 1258 Digest of other White House Death of Ezra Taft Benson—1209 announcements—1264 Statements Other Than Presidential President’s telephone conversations with Nominations submitted by the Senate—1265 President Yeltsin of Russia and President Kim of South Korea—1210

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Statement on the Death of Ezra Taft Text of Remarks at a Dinner Hosted Benson by President Oscar Scalfaro of Italy May 31, 1994 in Rome June 3, 1994 It was with sadness that I learned today of the passing of Ezra Taft Benson, who Mr. President and distinguished guests, served our country and his church with the British historian Trevelyan wrote of Gen- ceaseless dedication over a long life produc- eral Garibaldi that he would live on as ‘‘the tively lived. incarnate symbol of two passions not likely It is no accident that one of Mr. Benson’s soon to die out of the world, the love of coun- most famous books emphasized in its words try and the love of freedom.’’ As we com- and thoughts the three values his life best memorate this 50th anniversary of the events represented—church, God, and country. He that returned freedom to your great country, was a leader of his church for five decades, I want to praise the work you have done, he preached with passion for unity, solidarity, Mr. President, as also embodying your com- and responsibility within the family, and he mitment to the freedom-loving Italian people served ably in the Eisenhower administration and the democratic Italian state. as Agriculture Secretary. Italy’s transformation over the past half As we celebrate D-Day and the liberation century is a modern miracle. From the ruins of Europe, it is important to remember that of World War II, it has become one of the Mr. Benson was the first representative of world’s great economies, an anchor of trans- his church to reenter post-war Europe, atlantic security, and a sturdy democracy, where he distributed aid and lifted the spirits which, like our own, is renewing its strength of thousands of survivors. by pursuing reforms. His friends and fellow believers remind us tonight that Ezra Taft Benson was a lifelong As we gather this week to pay special hom- scouter, a strong defender of the Constitu- age to those whose courage, vision, and sac- tion, the creator of the soil bank, a religious rifice helped to create and sustain a repub- man who expanded the membership of the lican Italy and a Western alliance of demo- Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, cratic nations, the United States salutes you, and someone who believed and preached the Mr. President, for your past and present ef- idea that families come first. forts to safeguard Italian democracy. Mr. We rejoice in his service, we remember President, on behalf of the American people, his life, and we extend our heartfelt sym- who share so many bonds of kinship and fel- pathies to his family, his church, and his ad- lowship with the Italian people, I offer a toast mirers worldwide. to you and to your country: Viva L’Italia!

NOTE: This item was not received in time for pub- NOTE: This item was not received in time for pub- lication in the appropriate issue. lication in the appropriate issue.

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Statement by the Press Secretary on lantic to commemorate D-Day and the many the President’s Telephone other battles of the Second World War and Conversations With President Boris to honor the sacrifices borne by the war gen- Yeltsin of Russia and President Kim eration in all the nations. Yong-sam of South Korea Freedom continues to require our sacrifice and persistence. And I would like to say, on June 3, 1994 behalf of all the American people, how very President Clinton spoke separately today sorry we are and how we offer our condo- with President Yeltsin and President Kim lences to the loved ones of those who died Yong-sam of the Republic of Korea, who is in the tragic RAF helicopter accident on currently in Moscow. The topic of both calls Thursday. was the current situation in North Korea. Freedom continues to require effort. President Clinton told President Yeltsin When he visited the United States after that following the IAEA’s report to the World War II, Winston Churchill spoke of United Nations that the continuity of safe- our two nations role in forging the post-war guards had been broken, the United States world. He urged the United States and Brit- is pursuing the issue of sanctions in the ain to walk together in majesty and peace. United Nations Security Council. They dis- For he said, ‘‘It is in the years of peace that cussed President Yeltsin’s proposal that an wars are prevented and that those founda- international forum on the Korean situation tions are laid upon which the noble struc- be convened. President Clinton said that tures of the future can be built.’’ such a meeting might be appropriate at some I look forward to working with the Prime point while underscoring the need first to re- Minister and the British people as we work turn the North Korean nuclear issue to the together to meet those challenges. The United Nations Security Council. The two Prime Minister has already mentioned the agreed to remain in close contact as the issue many things that we will be discussing today. develops. I am glad to be back in Great Britain, glad In the conversation with President Kim, to be honoring the sacrifices and the tri- both Presidents agreed that the next step is umphs of the World War II generation, glad to pursue the issue of sanctions in the United to be about the work of honoring what they Nations Security Council. President Clinton have done for us by trying to preserve the reaffirmed the United States desire for a dip- peace and the future. lomatic resolution of this issue but empha- Thank you very much. sized the United States commitment to the security of the Republic of Korea. They, too, NOTE: The President spoke at 9:48 a.m. at the agreed to work closely together in addressing Royal Air Force station, Mildenhall. A tape was the issue. not available for verification of the content of these remarks. NOTE: This item was not received in time for pub- lication in the appropriate issue. Remarks at the United States Remarks on Arrival in Cemetery in Cambridge, the United Kingdom United Kingdom June 4, 1994 June 4, 1994 Mr. Prime Minister, Hillary and I are de- Mr. Prime Minister and Mrs. Major, Mr. lighted to be here. I remember well the first MacLean, Chaplain, Secretary Bentsen, time I arrived in the United Kingdom. I am thank you for your fine remarks. To our Brit- deeply honored to be here today represent- ish hosts and to all the distinguished Ameri- ing my nation. cans who are also here, Members of the Con- Fifty years ago, our two nations joined gress, the administration, the Armed Forces, forces on the beaches of Normandy to turn we have come here today, all of us, on a jour- back the Nazi armies that had overrun Eu- ney of remembrance. For some, like Sec- rope. This week I have come across the At- retary Bentsen, it was a journey to retrace

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time, to go back 50 summers and more when far from home after all. The British gave us they took to airfields like these. For others, inspiration; the Americans gave in return, it is a journey to honor those who fought and hope. those who died for the world in which we At every level, Yanks and Brits worked to- came of age. gether like family. American intelligence In this moment, all of us are joined in a services built on Britain’s brilliant successes sense of pride, in a sense of indebtedness, which were pure chronicles in breaking the a sense of wonder, and a sense of determina- German code. General Eisenhower chose tion to carry on that work and never forget. British marshals to be his deputies. Of On these ancient grounds, 3,812 Ameri- course, Montgomery and Ramsay and cans are buried, airmen, soldiers, and sailors. Tedder, Roosevelt and Churchill, even as More than 5,000 others are remembered on they led the assault on tyranny and rallied the Wall of the Missing. The names of some their own people to support the crusade, en- we honor echo still in our Nation’s memory, couraged each other with personal notes, all names like Joseph Kennedy, Jr., the brother shared a sense of friendship that sustained of our late President, a young man for whom them through the darkest moments of the a distinguished political career was predicted, war. All shared a faith that our people, nur- who gave his life for our country, or Glenn tured on freedom, would rise to the call of Miller, whose wonderful ‘‘Moonlight Sere- history. Nowhere was our bond more impor- nade’’ soothed a savage world and still makes tant than in the air war launched from the us tap our feet. In death, all these people green fields like this one. The Royal Air on the Wall and buried behind us were equal. Force and the Army Air Corps joined in They came from every State in the Union. countless sorties to cripple the Luftwaffe, to They were of many races and religions. They decimate the Nazi war machine, to soften the had names like Carillo, Kaufman, and Wood. Atlantic Wall. One British citizen remem- They were, all of them, Americans. They bered, ‘‘For a thousand days, the sky was fought to defeat a great evil which threatened never still.’’ to destroy our very way of life, what Winston It was some of the most dangerous work Churchill called ‘‘the great principles of free- of the war, and the tales of valor still amaze dom and the rights of man,’’ which are the us all: pilots going down with burning flames joint inheritance of the English-speaking to give all the rest of the crew just a few world. more seconds to get out, of the two crew For long months Britain bravely carried members who shared the only parachute on that fight on alone. In the Battle of Britain, board as they jumped together from their night after frightful night, the people of this burning plane over England, the Marauders, besieged island withstood this attack of Nazi Liberators, Mustangs, and Flying Fortresses, bombers. It was their finest hour. Amid the the Halifaxes and Mosquitoes. They were all horror the British looked west for help. Then sturdy. But as one American remembered, the Yanks came, deepening one of history’s ‘‘the flack sometimes seemed so thick you profoundest bonds. could walk on it.’’ The wild blue yonder Overnight, it seems, tens of thousands of above Europe could quickly turn cold and GI’s filled the streets and camps across gray and lethal. southern England. All these many years later In just the 2 months before D-Day, the we find the memories of many of them very Allied forces lost over 2,000 planes and over vivid: smiling GI’s tossing packs of spearmint 12,000 men. Because of their sacrifice, by gum to British schoolboys, new faces and June 6th of 1944, the Allies owned the air. funny accents at corner pubs, Lindy hops in Under the shield of that air supremacy, our London, kids from Milwaukee invited in for ships crossed the channels, our men crossed high tea, all in uniforms filling the pews at the beaches. British churches. A few days after the Normandy landing, America gave to England an infusion of General Eisenhower stood on the beaches arms and men and materiel. The British gave of France with his young son, John, recently our troops the feeling that they were not so a graduate of West Point, and told him: ‘‘If

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I didn’t have the air supremacy, I wouldn’t Could I also say, at the outset, that the be here.’’ After D-Day, the Air Corps contin- President tonight will be able to take a ques- ued to fly toward freedom’s horizon, until the tion or two afterwards, that I need to be in entire continent was retained and a world Portsmouth very speedily, and I know the was set free. President has a night broadcast. So I’m afraid The victory of the generation we honor the question time will be limited. today came at a high cost. It took many lives We’ve had the opportunity, this morning, and much perseverance. After D-Day, it took of discussions for nearly a couple of hours, freedom another year to reach the Elbe; it and we’ll take the opportunity over the next took another 44 years to reach Warsaw and 2 days to pursue some other matters as well. Prague and East Berlin. And now it has We looked at a wide range of issues. We reached Kiev and Moscow and even beyond. looked forward, firstly, to the Naples Sum- The mission of this time is to secure and ex- mit. We anticipate the emphasis there will pand its reach further. be on employment, following the Detroit The airmen who flew these skies had a rit- Jobs Conference, and we discussed some of ual that Secretary Bentsen mentioned for sig- the preliminary work that’s now in course in naling to their comrades on the ground at preparation for that conference. the end of a mission. As they were coming We will, of course, at Naples, be welcom- in for landing, if they fired off a red flare ing President Yeltsin. And we both agree that it meant that there were casualties aboard. the more stable economic and political situa- And if they fired off a green flare, it meant tion in Russia at present, a better foreign pol- some lucky pilot had just completed his last icy partnership than perhaps there has been mission before shipping out. at any stage in recent years. And we had the Well, the generation that won the Second opportunity of looking at the responsible World War completed their mission, whether handling we’ve seen thus far by both Russia they walk among us or lie among us today. and Ukraine of the problems that exist in the And after looking down in sorrow at those Crimea. who paid the ultimate price, let us lift our Self-evidently today, we spent some time eyes to the skies in which they flew, the ones discussing our joint interests in Bosnia. We they once commanded. And let us send to are at the middle, in the midst of crucial ne- them a signal, a signal of our own, a signal gotiations in Geneva. The United Nations that we do remember, that we do honor, and continues to seek a cessation of hostilities. that we shall always carry on the work of At present, as you’ll know, the contact group these knights borne on wings. is still meeting, pressing for settlement of ter- May God bless them and all our peoples. ritorial questions, and it’s my view, and that of the President as well, that it’s vital for all NOTE: The President spoke at approximately 11 three parties in Bosnia to recognize that con- a.m. In his remarks, he referred to Ed Maclean, tinued war will not advance their positions, president, 9th Army Air Force Association, and Lt. Col. Johnny R. Almond, USAF, who gave the but would continue to strain international pa- invocation. A tape was not available for verifica- tience. tion of the content of these remarks. Saying that, we must recognize what has already been achieved in Bosnia. Many feared the war would spread beyond those Remarks and an Exchange With borders; it hasn’t done so. And I think there’s Reporters Following Discussions some satisfaction we can draw from the With Prime Minister John Major in peaceful developments in much of Central North Aylesbury, United Kingdom Bosnia as well. We have a cease-fire there, June 4, 1994 in Sarajevo, in Gorazde, and the conflict has been contained. So far, that is good. We hope Prime Minister Major. Hello. Good we can achieve more at the end of the con- afternoon. I suppose I should begin by apolo- tact group discussions. gizing to you for the D-Day weather; I’m The joint initiative the President and I sorry about that. launched in Washington seems to be success-

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ful, and the reconstruction of Sarajevo is now I would like to reaffirm what the Prime in the United Nations hands. Minister said about Bosnia. We are heart- We spent a while on looking at the hideous ened by the fact that the conflict has been conflict in Rwanda. From our perspective, limited, by the fact that the Croatians and we’re looking to support with logistics the the Bosnian Government have worked out Secretary General’s proposals for an ex- an accord, but we believe that we need to panded United Nations force and, of course, continue to push for an agreement here. I the preeminent need for humanitarian aid. think it unlikely that either side, anywhere We spent some time expressing our joint in the near term and with anything like ac- concern about the nuclear program in North ceptable losses, can look forward to any kind Korea and looking at the scope for effective of significant alteration in the parameters of action by the United Nations. the agreement that they were on the verge I took the opportunity of briefing the of making before the unfortunate incidents President on the present state of discussions in Gorazde. So we are determined to redou- in Northern Ireland. I also took the oppor- ble our efforts to try to achieve a settlement tunity of thanking the President for his wel- in whatever way we can. Having said that, come decision on renewing MFN status for I think since we are going to have to leave China. That is, of course, important for Hong in a minute, we should take some questions. Kong. But quite apart from that, I believe it is the best way to pursue a proper dialog North Korea with the Chinese over human rights, because Q. Mr. President, can you tell us how seri- it is more important to have a dialog that ously, sir, you take the threat from North will achieve results than simply to make ges- Korea that they would regard sanctions as tures that may entrench the problem without an act of war? And would it deter you in satisfactorily advancing it. We have taken any way, or is it even worth risking a war much the same view with human rights mis- to ask for sanctions in the Security Council? sions that have gone to China, and I think The President. First of all, North Korea’s there is a joint determination to continue the actions have, in my view, made it virtually pressure on the Chinese in this respect. imperative that the Security Council consider Nonetheless, I believe the decision on MFN the question of sanctions. They did that. was entirely right, and I’m extremely pleased They freely undertook obligations as a part that it was made. of the NPT. They repeatedly said that they I’ll invite the President to say a few words, did not wish to be a nuclear power and that and then we will take whatever questions we they were committed to a non-nuclear Ko- have time for. rean Peninsula. The President. I’ll be very brief so we can We have offered any number of induce- take a couple of questions. I would like first ments or supports to try to achieve that goal, to thank the Prime Minister for his hospi- and nothing has been forthcoming. The tality. Even though it’s raining a little bit, IAEA inspections were not allowed to pro- Chequers is still a magnificent place and a ceed. And so I think we have to proceed in welcome walk through history and a great the Security Council. There’s still time for opportunity for a good visit. North Korea to avoid sanctions actually tak- In addition to the items mentioned by the ing effect if we can work out something on Prime Minister, I would like to also say how the nuclear inspections. But this is in their much I appreciate the support the United hands. I think that clearly sanctions are not Kingdom has given, through NATO, to the any sort of act of war and should not be seen idea of the Partnership For Peace. We now as such. have 19 nations signed up to be part of our Q. But isn’t North Korea—[inaudible]— Partnership For Peace with NATO, giving us Mr. President—[inaudible]—up American the prospect of having a Europe that is not military forces in South Korea to deal with divided politically and militarily, perhaps for your contingency over there—[inaudible]? the first time since nation states dotted the The President. Well as you know, we have continent. So we are very encouraged by that. taken some steps to support the capacity of

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our troops to fulfill their mission there al- ment, there’s no question about it. I think ready. And I have had continuing talks, as the question is, though, that we all have to you would expect I would have, with Sec- face is, how low can we get it in a global retary Perry and General Shalikashvili. When economy? And then, how can we deal with we had the commander in chiefs in re- those people who want to work, but are iso- cently—and General Luck and others talked lated, either isolated in geographic areas with me extensively about this—we are there, where there has been disinvestment—in the prepared to do our duty. United States that’s mostly big inner-city I do not want a lot of saber-rattling over areas and rural areas—and are isolated be- this or war talk. This is peace talk. This cause they don’t have sufficient skills to com- should be about peace. We’re trying to en- pete in a global economy in a wealthy coun- force the requirements of the NPT to which try. Those are the challenges that we have North Korea voluntarily has pledged its alle- to face. giance. All we want them to do is keep their What are our big policies, and how do we word, and we’re going to try to give them target the people that are left out? We have chances to do it. been very fortunate that our policies have paid off handsomely. We’ve got about 3.3 The President’s Visit million new jobs in the last 16 months, but Q. What is it like to be back in Britain we, too, have a long way to go. And I think after all this time? we can all learn from each other. But I will The President. It’s just like old times. I— say this: If your growth rates continue the actually, it’s wonderful to be back. I have way they have been, you will have a drop been back several times since I was a student in unemployment; it’s unavoidable. People here. And I have come often, but I never will—you can’t absorb all this growth without tire of coming. And I always look forward hiring more people. to it. And today, having the opportunity to Prime Minister Major. Great. We’ll have fly in the helicopter fairly low across the to stop there. I know he’ll be pleased to know beautiful countryside was a very nostalgic trip our unemployment has been falling for 15 for me. I was very grateful to have that months, and it will go on. chance. The President. Thank you. Unemployment NOTE: The President spoke at approximately 2:30 Q. The Prime Minister was talking about p.m. at Chequers, the Prime Minister’s residence. employment, about how you have both In his remarks, the President referred to Gen. worked together trying to work on an em- Gary E. Luck, senior U.S. commander in South ployment policy, especially with the upcom- Korea. A tape was not available for verification ing summit. I would like to know if you’ve of the content of these remarks. got any words of advice for the Prime Min- ister, considering that your administration is presiding over one of the greatest falls in un- The President’s Radio Address employment that we’ve seen for a long time. June 4, 1994 The President. Well, we had a tough 1980’s, and we’ve changed some policies. Good morning. Today I am speaking to We’ve changed our direction. And we’ve you from Aylesbury, England, just outside of been bringing down our deficit. We’ve been London. Hillary and I are in the middle of increasing investment in areas critical to job a journey of remembrance and discovery as growth. We’ve been trying to work on greater we honor the sacrifices of the remarkable flexibility in our work force. These things are Americans who helped to liberate Europe in not easy to do. World War II. I will say this: Great Britain is having a The generation of heroes who defeated quite impressive run of growth. And eventu- fascism left a safer world for the generations ally, the growth rates you’ve enjoyed in the after them, and we are grateful. Our country last few months will bring lower unemploy- led the forces of freedom during the World

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War, and our economy led the world in the ican people. They are the result of an eco- decades that followed. nomic plan that has seen to it that Govern- This morning I want to talk about some ment has been shrinking in the first quarter very good news that shows how much we can of this year, while the private sector grows still accomplish together when we as a nation for the first time in a decade. act decisively. We’ve cut the deficit by $500 billion. By In 1993, I took office determined to renew 1995, if we stick to this plan, the deficit will our economy so that we could pass on pros- have declined for 3 years in a row for the perity and opportunity to our own children. first time since Harry Truman was in the Remember, our economy had suffered from White House. In fact, our deficit is now a decade or more of deficits and drift, slow smaller, as a fraction of our national income, growth or no growth. Then we made some than all but one of our major trading part- tough choices, to bring down the deficit, to ners. provide more incentives to invest, and to in- We’ve made our cuts fairly. We’ve sought vest more in the education and training of cuts in more than 300 programs in each of our people on new technologies, and on help- the first 2 years of the budget. We’ve sought ing to convert from a defense to a domestic to eliminate over a hundred Government economy. programs. Only the wealthiest 1.2 percent of Well, now we’re beginning to see the re- our people were asked to pay higher income sults. Our economy is back. It’s expanding taxes. Working families didn’t pay a cent steadily. Most important, it’s creating jobs, more in income taxes because of higher rates. millions of good-paying jobs. Yesterday, the In fact, for every person who had taxes in- Government released new statistics showing crease, at least 10 working families had their the success of our efforts. Since this adminis- taxes cut. We are protecting the middle class. tration took office in January 1993, the Now we have an obligation to keep going United States has created over 3 million jobs, to make sure that every citizen benefits from most of them good-paying jobs, nearly all of a changing world. Too many Americans them in the private sector. We’re creating haven’t yet been touched by the economic new private sector jobs at 7 times the rate renewal. This year we want to build on our that occurred during the previous adminis- success by taking concrete steps to keep the tration. During the 1992 campaign we said economy growing and to give our people the we’d create 8 million jobs in 4 years. We’re tools they need to succeed. running way ahead of schedule now. America A good start is to increase our exports to is on the way to creating 2 million more in other countries. Trade means jobs. Thanks ’94. to the North American Free Trade Agree- But mere statistics tend to be abstract. Ev- ment we may soon sell more to Mexico than erywhere, all around us, we see signs of we do to Japan. This year I’ll present to Con- steady economic renewal. The Big Three in gress a worldwide trade agreement that will Detroit are back, adding shifts, and once create hundreds of thousands of new jobs again making the best cars in the world. New and billions of dollars of exports for America. businesses are being incorporated at a record That’s good for America. And that’s why pace. Consumer confidence is up. Inflation Congress must and will ratify the world trade is in check. Business failures are down. And agreement soon. core economic conditions, to quote the When we create these good export jobs, Chairman of the Federal Reserve, are ‘‘the we must make sure our people are ready to best they’ve been in two decades.’’ fill them. These days, what you earn depends As I meet with our allies and visit historic on what you learn. Skills and knowledge are places in Europe, I’m constantly reminded the most important asset of all. That’s why our economy is now the strongest in the we’re working on a lifetime learning system world. Let’s remember how this came about. to train every citizen from the first day of These 3 million new jobs are the product of preschool to the last day before retirement. the ingenuity, the entrepreneurial energy, Now we have to fix our broken unemploy- and the willingness to change of the Amer- ment system to replace it with a reemploy-

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ment system so that when someone loses a came across the horizon. Imagine what the job, he or she can find a good new job as enemy forces would have thought then if quickly as possible. I am fighting for Con- they had seen this magnificent ship. gress to pass this reemployment act this year, You are beyond question the best trained, too. the best equipped fighting force the world Finally, our deficit will grow and our ex- has ever known. And I want you to know pansion will sputter if we don’t reform our that I am committed unequivocally, abso- health care system. Health care costs are lutely, to ensuring that you continue to have going up more and more and more than any what you need to do your job. You deserve other part of our budget, not for new health it. Our security demands it. care but to pay more for the same health Let me also say that it has been one of care. As you know, I am fighting hard to the great honors of my life for me to be able guarantee health care for every American in to come here to represent our entire country a way that can never be taken away but that in commemorating D-Day and the other will bring costs in line with inflation. great battles of World War II. Yesterday, I So there’s still a lot more to do. But let’s was near Cambridge, England, at the mag- be proud of what Americans have done. nificent cemetery which has over 3,800 America is going back to work. Unemploy- Americans buried there who were part of the ment is down. Jobs are up. Inflation is down. air war against Germany, and on the wall a Growth and new business is up. Our econ- list of 5,000 others who never returned. I was omy is clearly leading the world. We’ve made with a man from my home State who flew this world better by making the tough 149 missions in that difficult endeavor. choices. That’s what we’ve got to keep doing. This has been a very emotional time for Thanks for listening. Hillary and me. Her father was in the Navy during the Second World War; my father was NOTE: The President spoke at 3:06 p.m. from the Hartwell House in Aylesbury, England. in the Army in part of the Italian campaign. Yesterday and the day before, when we com- memorated the landings at Anzio and Remarks to the Crew of the U.S.S. Nettuno, were incredible experiences. George Washington in Portsmouth, Just before I came aboard here I met some United Kingdom other proud veterans of World War II who June 5, 1994 made the crossing on the U.S.S. Jeremiah O’Brien, a World War II Liberty ship. You’ve Thank you very much. And thank you, seen it, I’m sure. It’s right here near you. Captain Sprigg. Thank you, gentlemen, for It was one of the many ships that were part that welcome. It’s nice to be here. of the lend-lease program, bringing aid to the Just a few moments ago, my wife and I British even before the United States for- were on the royal yacht Britannia with the mally entered the war. heads of 15 nations around the world. And As I met with them, and now as I look when we went by the George Washington, out at all of you and hear your enthusiasm they were all ecstatic. They asked me ques- and your strength, I am reminded that for tions about this magnificent carrier, and all of our incredible technological advances, thankfully, I’d done my homework and I the strength of our military is not really in could answer them. So you now have 15 our ships, our tanks, or our aircrafts, it is in more fans around the world, thanks to this you, the dedicated professionalism of the wonderful day. men and women of the United States Armed Exactly 50 years ago at this very time, Forces. young people just like you were right here Even though the cold war is over, we are in this channel on some 5,000 ships preparing still on the eve of great endeavors, not to for the most important battle of this century. turn back armies of oppression which threat- Imagine how they must have felt, in choppy en our very existence but to protect our safe- seas and bad weather. Imagine how they ty and security and to expand the blessings must have looked to the enemy when they of liberty. This work will not be done in a

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day or year. It will not be finished during Interview With Wolf Blitzer of CNN the term of your service. It may not be fin- June 5, 1994 ished in the life of this great Nation, but it must continue. It will take you all across the Foreign Policy globe, from the Adriatic to the Indian Ocean, from the Persian Gulf to the Sea of Japan. Mr. Blitzer. Mr. President, did you ever think that you’d be going on this 50th anni- As we honor those who served in World versary commemoration of D-Day, a past War II, we must also honor those of you who war, and have to focus at the same time on serve now, who are continuing the legacy a potential new one? they left us. For if we learned any lesson from The President. Well, I never thought I’d the magnificent, heroic, almost unbelievable be going on the D-Day thing, and it’s been endeavor of D-Day, it was that if the allies a great honor to do it. But even as we honor would stay together and stay strong, we the past, we know the only way we can ulti- would never need another D-Day. That is mately honor the past is to keep faith with what you are guaranteeing, and your country it in the present. So I have to continue to is deeply in your debt. deal with the problems that are here. Let me also say, as I conclude my remarks Mr. Blitzer. Where is the most likely spot and congratulate those who are reenlisting, in the world today for the next war? I know this has been a difficult time for many The President. I don’t want to say that, young people who wanted to commit their because if I do it’ll only be interpreted as careers to our Armed Forces because of the predicting American involvement. Our inter- downsizing that inevitably came. I want you ests are at stake obviously in a number of to know, number one, we’re more than half- places. I will say this, the possibility of a war way through; number two, it will be over in that can be damaging to our existence is sig- 2 years; number three, there will be more nificantly less now. We concluded this agree- advancements this year than last year, more ment with the Russians and the Ukraines, advancements next year than this year. We the Kazakhs and the people from Belarus, still need you. We need your devotion. We so they’re moving nuclear weapons out of need your talent. And the military of the those other three states into Russia. The Rus- United States is still going to be an important sians and the Americans are no longer point- and good place to make a career because it’s ing their nuclear weapons at each other. We still defending the security of the greatest na- are working hard at defusing the kinds of tion in the history of the world. problems that could really threaten our exist- ence. And now I would like to introduce, to con- tinue the reenlistment, the new Chief of But it’s still a very dangerous world. At Naval Operations, a man who has done a ter- any given time for the last several years there have been lots of wars, small wars, going on rific job for our country in dealing with the around the world. And there are still a lot problems in Bosnia and elsewhere through- of ethnic and racial hatred, still a lot of prob- out his naval career, a man who has come lems caused by vast numbers of poor people, a long way since he started, Admiral Mike without any kind of sustainable environment, Boorda. Please welcome him. pouring across national borders that are arti- ficial and fighting with each other. It’s a big problem not just in Africa but in other places. And we’re going to have a difficult time con- NOTE: The President spoke at 3:01 p.m. aboard taining those conflicts and promoting democ- the ship. In his remarks, he referred to Capt. Rob- racy as we move into the 21st century. ert Sprigg, captain of the U.S.S. George Washing- ton. A tape was not available for verification of But I believe we can do it. And I believe the content of these remarks. one of the reasons we’ll be able to do it is

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that the vision of the people who won the Mr. Blitzer. Is there a window, 3 to 4 D-Day battle was that the allies and others weeks, 5 weeks, during which period the of goodwill might work together to contain North Koreans could back down? future conflicts. And that’s what we’re doing. The President. Well, there’s a window, and the window—of course, there’s nothing North Korea to stop them from reaching an accommoda- Mr. Blitzer. How serious is the situation tion from now on into the future. But I think involving North Korea right now? we have to move ahead now. The President. Well, that’s largely up to The incentives are enormous. When North them. The important thing is that they Korea decided to join the nonproliferation agreed several years ago to be part of the group and say we won’t make atomic weap- Non-Proliferation Treaty, which means that ons and we want you to inspect, they made they agreed to subject themselves to inspec- a bigger decision. Their decision was, we’re tions that would enable the rest of the world going to reach out to the rest of the world, to determine whether they were diverting not withdraw from it. They made a decision nuclear fuel from their reactors that would they would try to work out their problems be used to make nuclear weapons or could with South Korea, that they wanted a rela- be. They have subjected themselves to those tionship with the United States and Japan inspections now as it relates to anything they as well as with China and Russia. Now China could do from now into the future. But they and Russia have both changed. They’ve still haven’t been willing to subject them- moved closer to our way of thinking, and the selves to appropriate inspections relating to North Koreans, for reasons we don’t under- removals they did in 1989. stand, are seeming to move in the other way. Is it serious at the moment? Perhaps not. The door is still open for them to become Could it be used to make a bomb and could part of the world community, and that’s what that bomb be used either against their neigh- we want. And I think that’s in their national bors in South Korea or maybe be sold to an- interest. It’s good for their people; it’s good other rogue state? Perhaps so. So we’re being for their prestige. very firm. We’re moving toward the United Mr. Blitzer. Some have said that there’s Nations Security Council with a sanctions this cat-and-mouse game—they’ve come up resolution. We’re engaging our allies and oth- and gone back down—that they’re doing this ers in the area that have a real interest in again, testing you. Are they? this. I think both China and Japan, as well The President. It’s hard to know what as Russia and South Korea, clearly do not they’re doing. All I know is that our actions want North Korea to be a nuclear state. And all along have been dictated by their actions. we’re doing the best we can to head it off. That is, we have not sought a confrontation Mr. Blitzer. Is there a diplomatic way with them. We have been very firm. We have out? How are you creating a situation for a treaty obligation to South Korea. Our inter- North Korea to back down with some face- ests are tied to South Korea’s security. And saving opportunity? our commitment, our solemn word is tied The President. Well, we have created there. many, many such opportunities, and they’ve But more importantly, North Korea prom- rejected them all. After all, we’ve worked real ised not to become a nuclear power. They’re hard to get these negotiations on track. And still isolated. They’re still very Communist. the North Koreans did in fact allow the in- They still deal with a lot of rogue states that spections that would enable us to tell today support terrorism. And so we’re just respond- about what they could do tomorrow. It is the ing to their actions. But the door is always past that they don’t want to permit us to look open for them to take a different path, and into. And they still will have significant num- we hope they will. bers of opportunities before they’ll be, I think, hurt by the sanctions. But we have to The Cabinet go forward with the sanctions resolution, I Mr. Blitzer. On the eve of your departure think. for this D-Day commemorative event, there

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were all sorts of stories in Washington—you mentioned him, I think, once or twice, once were thinking of shaking up your national se- when he briefly transferred out to another curity team, Secretary of State, National Se- unit and came back. But it talked about the curity Adviser. You took the unusual step of movies they saw, the fact that Joe Louis came calling a reporter from the L.A. Times and to see them, described what they did. And trying to deny that. Why? in some ways, I guess, it was the most graphic The President. Well, the reason I called account I had of any period in his life. So the reporter is that we had been notified that it meant a lot to me. And I was again very he allegedly had talked to someone fairly proud that he had participated in this. high in the administration who said that. And since it wasn’t so, I thought I ought to say Foreign Policy that. Mr. Blitzer. Throughout these last several I didn’t think on the eve of this trip, which days, as you’ve reflected on what your prede- is so terribly important for our relationships cessors had to do 50 years ago, has it ever in Europe, not just looking backward but entered your mind that you may be in that building on this magnificent achievement of same situation—or have you been in a similar D-Day, looking to the post-cold-war era, with kind of situation—where you have to make all the things that are going on in Korea and a decision involving the life and death of a elsewhere that we needed to have another lot of young men and women? story about personnel. I think that our poli- The President. Yes, it has entered my cies are sound, that we’re moving to imple- mind. And the thing that I am impressed by ment them. I wanted to be free to talk to is that Roosevelt and Churchill when they the British Prime Minister, to the French thought of the United Nations were cold- Prime Minister and President, to the new eyed realists. They never had any idea that Prime Minister of Italy about what we’re there could be some utopian world, a govern- going to do together. And I think I have been ment, you know, where all problems would free to do that. That’s why I did that. go away. What they thought was that after this war we would be able, the great powers The President’s Father would be able to find ways to contain aggres- Mr. Blitzer. You’ve spent some time sion before it got too big to deal with, short speaking publicly about your father and his of a horrible war like this and a D-Day inva- role in the war in Italy. How much has that sion, if they worked together, not that they been a part of this whole experience for could solve all the problems, not that we you—going back and—a father you never should enter every conflict but at least that knew? we could help to contain these things. The President. It’s been very important And now in the post-cold-war era, when for me. When I was a little boy my mother we really now are returning to what they would—told me all she knew and all my fa- were thinking about 50 years ago, that is, dur- ther would say about the war. A lot of the ing the cold war our very existence was once veterans didn’t want to talk much about it. again on the line in a very different way. Now But she told me he’d worked in maintaining the question is whether we will have the vi- the motorized vehicles and trying to figure sion and the discipline to deal with these out how they were going to get them off of problems and at least contain them and try the landing craft and onto the beaches and to work through them over the long run. how they would keep them maintained. That’s what we’ve sought to do in Bosnia, I didn’t know much about the Italian cam- not to commit our soldiers to intervene in paign until I was older and began to read the conflict but to contain it and work toward about it. But coming back here, one of the its resolution. And that’s what we’ve sought things I was able to do is read the history to do in many other places in the world. of his unit. It’s written by the lieutenant who That’s what we have sought to do with our was the designated historian. I read the humanitarian aid mission in Somalia, to at monthly histories, I guess, for a year and a least give those people some breathing space half during the period he was in Italy. It only so they could put something back together

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and you wouldn’t have a conflict that again national defense for or how do we keep our could engulf millions of people. prestige alive and what’s our job now in the We will not always be successful, but the world. It is a difficult and different world. big success, that is, preventing another world And what I owe them is to make sure that conflict and preventing the commitment of we always have a strong, well-prepared, well- millions of Americans to a life-or-death strug- motivated, highly supportive military and gle, we can avoid that if we proceed with that we move to contain the chaos and mad- discipline. And that is a thing that weighs ness that is still abroad in the world and limit on my mind as I watch Normandy unfold it so that our very existence is not again again after 50 years. threatened by alien powers and so we never Mr. Blitzer. Thank you very much. We’re again have to do a D-Day. I owe them that. out of time. And I’m going to do my best to pay them. The President. Thank you. Mr. Smith. Do you feel comfortable in your role as Commander in Chief? NOTE: The interview began at 8 p.m. aboard the The President. Oh, yes. I worked very U.S.S. George Washington en route to Normandy, hard at it. I’ve spent an awful lot of time France. A tape was not available for verification of the content of this interview. with the service chiefs. I’ve spent a good deal of time out and around with the various serv- ices. I have tried to get to know pretty well Interview With Harry Smith of CBS a lot of the officers who have to make rec- June 5, 1994 ommendations on policies and then have to carry them out. I’ve really worked at it. Role as Commander in Chief If you come to the Presidency from a Gov- Mr. Smith. I’ve been talking with a lot ernorship, you only have experience insofar of veterans, and a lot of them respect you as any of your forces, that is, our National as Commander in Chief. Some of them aren’t Guard had been involved in something like so sure. Do you feel like you have something Desert Storm, or if you’ve got to call them to prove to them? up for some terrible emergency. It’s very dif- The President. No more than to any other ferent. It’s something that I knew I’d have Americans, except I think that the veterans to invest a lot of time and effort in, especially of this country are entitled to know what they at the end of the cold war. A Governor could fought for in the Second World War is not more easily move into the role of Com- going to be squandered at the end of the mander in Chief during the cold war because cold war. We understood, I think all of us the road map was a lot clearer. So I have understood, what we had to do as a country had to devote a good deal of time to it and when communism rose at the end of the Sec- still do. But it’s something I enjoy, something ond World War and took over Eastern Eu- I believe in, and something that is very im- rope. And basically there was nothing we portant to me. The lives of these men on could do about it. I think everybody knew this ship are very precious to me. And I am there was nothing we could do about that. well aware that if I send them out into harm’s But we were able to draw a line in the sand way, I need to be as right as God will let in Europe; we were able to limit the expan- me be right and that this enormous power sion in Korea. Maybe we made some mis- the United States has now has its limits and takes in overreacting not perhaps just in Viet- its possibilities and clearly its responsibilities. nam but in Central America because we were so worried about communism. But at least D-Day Commemoration we did do that. We contained communism Mr. Smith. It is hard to be in Europe now until it could collapse of its own failures and during this time, especially in places that the truth reaching in to all these Communist you’ve been and places you will go, and not countries. And even when we erred, we did do some soul-searching. Have you been so with—in good faith I think. doing some? Now, at the end of the cold war, people The President. Sure, I think we all have. are having a lot of questions about what’s our I think everybody who’s been part of this ex-

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perience is so overwhelmed by the mag- perhaps what we should have done to sort nitude of the effort, by the level of courage of stick a stake in the ground. and will that was required to prevail and And what I’m determined to do is learn how—it was not a foregone conclusion. It as much as I can from history but not be could have gone the other way. And if D- imprisoned by it and certainly not be bogged Day hadn’t succeeded, even if we ultimately down by it. I have a job to do now. And no- had won, millions of more people would have body else in the world has it but me. And died, literally millions, before it could have one thing I owe these people who are in the been resolved. And it’s made me think more armed services is to get up every day and deeply, more soberly, more prayerfully even, do it the very best I can, unencumbered by about the responsibilities that I have now and anything anybody else says about it but al- the problems that we’re facing now. ways listening to other people. North Korea Vietnam Conflict Mr. Smith. Along these lines, are you still Mr. Smith. Has it made you think or re- going to pursue sanctions against North consider at all your own lack of service during Korea? the Vietnam war? The President. We’re going to take the The President. Not in that way, not in sanctions debate to the United Nations. the way you ask it. I thought then, based on There is still time for North Korea to change what I knew then, and I knew quite a bit its course. There is still time for North Korea for a person my age, because I’d studied a to work with other countries. It’s important lot of the documents, that our involvement that the American people understand what’s was an error and that I should try to do what at stake here. They agreed, North Korea did, I could honorably to oppose it and to change not to become a nuclear power. Since I’ve it. I still believe that. been President they have let us inspect, be- But I think that military service is an hon- cause we worked very hard at it, all their fa- orable thing, and it’s something that in that cilities for what they’re doing now and what sense I wish I had experienced. And none they might do in the near future. They have of us can control the time and place in which not permitted us to go back and inspect for we live and the kinds of things that happen. what they did back in 1989 before I took We can only control our reaction to it. At office. the time I did the best I could. And you The international inspectors say that know, of course, from what came out that means they could divert and may have al- I felt—I had very mixed feelings about it. ready diverted nuclear fuel for nuclear weap- I tried to get myself even back into the draft ons. Now, they gave their word they wouldn’t because I was so confused about it. But I do that, and they gave their word they’d let did the best I could at that time, and I’m us inspect. They deal with a lot of countries doing the best I can now. that are rogue countries that promote terror- One of the things that I think we learned ism. We feel that they ought to keep their from that war is that even when we are ex- word. And if they don’t, then we feel we have tremely well-motivated, heroic, and willing to seek sanctions. But they can still turn to die in large numbers, we cannot win a away. fight for someone else. We can support other Mr. Smith. The North Koreans have said people on their own land fighting for their that sanctions would to them be an act of own destiny, but we can’t win a fight for war. someone else. There are limits to what we The President. Well, they say that, but can do. And the enormous reaction after that they keep trying to blame other people for war happened and after the South Vietnam- their behavior, Mature, disciplined adults ese forces collapsed 10 days after our final can’t do that. They have to take responsibility withdrawal almost caused our country to go for their own behavior. They cannot anymore into a shell for a while. That was also bad. blame us for their behavior. This is about First we overreached, and then we didn’t do their behavior, not mine. I approached them

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in the spirit of peace. I was elated when they tions, that the United States ought to impose joined this nonproliferation group, when they them unilaterally. Do you agree? said, ‘‘We want to work our differences out The President. Let me first say that the with South Korea; we want a relationship American people need to understand what’s with the rest of the world.’’ I would like to at stake here. They agreed not to become have a relationship with North Korea. I a nuclear power. They have honored the test- would like for them to work out their dif- ing requirements for what they’ve done since ferences with South Korea. But that’s up to I’ve been in office. But they still haven’t al- them, not me. lowed us to test for what they did in 1989. Mr. Smith. If they act on these sanc- Under those circumstances, I don’t think we tions—[inaudible]—does that mean we are have any choice but to go to the United Na- prepared to go to war with North Korea? tions for sanctions. I have talked with Presi- The President. Well, I don’t want to join dent Yeltsin, along with Prime Minister their escalation of words. We have a treaty Major and the new Prime Minister of Italy, commitment that commits us to the security Mr. Berlusconi. I’m going to see the French of South Korea. They are our friends; they leaders the day after tomorrow. We are in are our allies. There are American soldiers touch with the Chinese. today on the DMZ. I have visited them there. I believe there is a general sense in the They are brave; they’re good people; they’re world community that we have to go forward doing their job. And we will honor our treaty with a sanctions resolution in the United Na- commitments. tions. I don’t want to say what I’ll do if we But we are not trying to provoke North lose there because I’m not prepared to say Korea. We are only asking them to do what we will lose there. I think most people know they have already promised to do. And if they and believe that the North Koreans should will keep their promise, the promises of the cooperate on this. After all, they promised West and of Japan and of South Korea and to do it. We’re just asking them to keep their now even of China and Russia who do not word. want them to do this, to be a part of a great Mr. Donaldson. I understand, sir, but world community. These people have talent. Secretary Perry suggested today that in fact They have achieved some things. They have the United States would do it alone if it had quite a lot of technological proficiency, even to. though they’re very poor economically. The President. Well, there is—we would They’ve done well in other things. We want not have to go it alone. The real question them to come be a part of our world, not is could we have what has been called a coali- to run away from it. tion of the willing that included as many na- Mr. Smith. Thank you, Mr. President. tions as would observe the sanctions as pos- The President. Thanks, Harry. sible? The answer to that is we would cer- tainly consider that if we failed at the United NOTE. The interview began at 8:13 p.m. aboard Nations. But keep in mind, China and Russia the U.S.S. George Washington en route to Nor- mandy, France. A tape was not available for ver- have both moved toward the West. And both ification of the content of this interview. have interests like Japan’s, South Korea’s, and the United States. None of us wish North Korea to be a nuclear power. And all of us Interview With Sam Donaldson of know they promised they wouldn’t be one. ABC All of us know they still deal with other rogue June 5, 1994 states who support terrorists. And we don’t think this is a very good trend. So I think North Korea we’ll work together. I predict to you that we’ll Mr. Donaldson. Mr. President, thank you work out a common course. And of course very much for the interview. A lot of people what I hope is that the North Koreans will have suggested that if North Korea can’t be turn away and come back to us. brought to reason and other nations such as Mr. Donaldson. Senator Dole said yester- China and Russia don’t support tough sanc- day that North Korea’s bluffing, he believes,

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when it says that it would invade the South The President. No. But it is true that I’ve if tough sanctions are imposed. Do you think had probably a more candid relationship with they’re bluffing? Mr. Greenspan than previous Presidents. The President. I don’t think that they That’s because I believed very strongly that would risk the certain terrible defeat and de- unless we got interest rates down last year struction that would occur if they did that. we couldn’t spur this economy. I think in But we can’t afford to assume anything. That general our economic plan, our process for is, what I have tried to do is to make sure developing the plan was a good one. The de- our people are well prepared and well dis- cisions we made were right. I think that there ciplined for all eventualities, as they have is no better populism than producing 3.36 been, I think, throughout their presence in millions jobs in 16 months. I think we’ve Korea. done a pretty good job. General Luck asked me for some extra And I talked with Mr. Greenspan exten- support, and we’ve provided that. And I’m sively without asking him to promise me what confident we’re there, prepared to do our he was going to do, because I wanted to get job. But I don’t want any war talk. I want a feel for how the Fed looked at this. What this to be about peace talk. What happens we wanted to do was get the deficit down, in North Korea and to North Korea is a func- get interest rates down, cut spending, but in- tion of what North Korea does, not the rest crease investment in education and training of us. and new technologies. We have done that. Mr. Donaldson. I understand, sir, that Mr. Donaldson. Interest rates did come you don’t want any war talk, but to put it down, but now long-term interest rates are very bluntly, I think a lot of people want to about where they were when your Presi- know whether the Clinton administration will dency began. And short-term rates are being back down if push comes to shove. jacked up by the Fed. The President. No, the answer to that is The President. But why? Why are they no. The answer is we are in South Korea. going up? They’re going up this time because We have a solemn commitment to them. there is robust growth in the economy, be- They are our allies. They are certainly pre- cause jobs are being created, because, to pared to go forward in the United Nations; quote the Fed, they want ‘‘short-term inter- so are we. est rates to be a neutral position,’’ that is, Senator Dole says they’re bluffing when neither promoting growth nor retarding it, they consider sanctions to be an act of war; so that the natural growth of the economy I think that may be the opinion most people can take place. And the Fed announced the have. But nonetheless, we are going to be last time they raised rates that they—implic- extra prepared. We want to do what we can itly they said they weren’t going to do it for to do our mission and to protect the Amer- a while. And if they don’t do it for a while, ican troops there as much as possible. I just the economy will continue to grow. don’t want to raise any red flags of fear. We Mr. Donaldson. So it would suit you if need to be very firm, very resolute, and go we’ve seen the last hike in short-term interest forward. rates this year? I’m talking to the other world leaders The President. In the absence of evidence about it. I think we will go forward. of inflation, yes. There is no compelling evi- dence that there’s a lot of long-term inflation on the horizon. We have good growth in the The Economy economy. The strategy is working; we’re cre- Mr. Donaldson. Mr. President, Bob ating jobs. That’s the only thing that matters. Woodward’s coming out with a book in which Are the American people going back to he says that Alan Greenspan, the Chairman work? Are we turning the economy around? of the Fed, has been sort of a teacher to you The answer to that is yes. and in fact has swayed you from your original Mr. Donaldson. But you know, I think campaign commitments in a populist sense. a lot of people don’t understand that when Is that right? employment rises and when growth is pretty

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good, the bond market goes nuts. Does that years ago when Ronald Reagan gave all those make any sense? wonderful speeches and brought tears to ev- The President. It hasn’t been an entirely eryone’s eyes. Now, that’s a tough act to fol- rational policy. And I’m not sure that people low. Are you going to be able to follow it? who fix the interest rates the Government The President. I don’t think of it that way. charges weren’t surprised a little by what the What I have tried to do is to speak for the bond market has done. Keep in mind, we American people on this occasion. I worked can’t be governed by the momentary trends hard to learn as much as I could about it, in the bond market or the stock market to to talk to many veterans, to talk to people a lesser extent because they move for reasons who actually came out of those landing craft that may not be tied to the real economy. and poured onto the beaches. And I’m going I can remember times, if you go back to to do my best to speak for America. My job the eighties and the early nineties, where the is to do the very best I can in the moment stock market would go up and the bond mar- that I am President with this responsibility. ket would go up and the economy would go I can’t think about what anybody else did. down. And what we want is, we want a I was moved by what he said. And I hope healthy stock market, we want a healthy bond that I will capture the moment for America. market, that is, strong bond prices, low inter- est rates, but we really want a healthy real Vietnam Conflict economy. We want it on Main Street. We Mr. Donaldson. Sir, you know that there want people working. Right now, the Main are going to be a lot of people out there who Street economy is coming back. That’s the resent the fact that you didn’t serve and par- economy that I wanted to change as Presi- ticularly because they believe you made a de- dent. liberate effort to avoid service. What would you say to them? Virginia Senatorial Race The President. Well, I can’t add much to Mr. Donaldson. Let me move on to an- what I said in the campaign and much to other topic. Colonel Oliver North was nomi- what the evidence shows. I did feel ambiva- nated yesterday in Virginia by the Repub- lence. I also at one time made an attempt, licans. Is it going to be a tough race for Sen- as you know, to get back into the draft, but ator Robb? What do you think? that’s not the important thing. I can’t change The President. Well, I expect so. Colonel the fact that I was opposed to our involve- North represents a clear choice for the peo- ment in Vietnam. I still think on balance it ple of Virginia and the clear triumph for the did more harm than good even though we radical right. They have been working to try were well motivated. But we can’t rewrite to take over, first, the Republican Party and, history. You can only live in the time and second, this country, pretty hard now for 15 place that you are. And I am doing my best years. They’ve been up; they’ve been down. to do a good job and to be faithful to my They’re up again right now. And they rep- duties as Commander in Chief. I have resent a dramatic break there. They can raise worked hard at it. I have aggressively sought a lot of money. They will stop at nothing. out the best opinions I could get in the mili- They will say anything. I know; I’m probably tary. And I work at it every day. the prime recipient of their venom. And my I must say I’ve been very touched by the guess is that the people of Virginia, once they World War II veterans who in such large see what their stark choices are, will choose numbers, particularly when I was in Italy— Senator Robb. He distinguished himself as had the chance to spend a couple hours with a Marine Corps officer in combat, in peace- them, said that they were supporting me. time. He was a good Governor. He’s been And these young men here said the same a good Senator. I believe he will prevail. thing. I have to do my job now. I can’t be encumbered by what other people think D-Day Commemoration about that. Mr. Donaldson. All right. Let me move Mr. Donaldson. Mr. President, my time now to D-Day. Mr. President, I was here 10 is up. I thank you for the interview. Rick

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Kaplan wanted me to ask a number of mean spond to Hitler’s aggression, but the fact that questions, and I want the record to show that we were a free people, full of young, gifted I refrained from doing so. [Laughter] men and women, like these young men sit- The President. You tell Rick not to dis- ting behind you today, who figured out how cipline you too hard. [Laughter] to win this war and would not be denied is Mr. Donaldson. Thank you very much, a great lesson for today. Our system of gov- sir. ernment is still the best, and we should never The President. Thanks. forget that, because it is disorganized to some extent or messy, but at least it allows us to NOTE: The interview began at 8:25 p.m. aboard govern ourselves from the inside, from our the U.S.S. George Washington en route to Nor- genuine emotions. mandy, France. In his remarks, the President re- ferred to Rick Kaplan, executive producer, ‘‘ABC The second lesson I think we have to learn World News Tonight.’’ A tape was not available is that if we do what the people who won for verification of the content of this interview. that war want us to do, if we do what Roo- sevelt and Churchill and Eisenhower and the others wanted us to do in the post-cold-war Interview With Tom Brokaw of NBC era, that is, if we stay involved in the world June 5, 1994 knowing we can’t solve every problem, know- ing we can’t end every conflict, but knowing D-Day Commemoration that we have to contain these things so that Mr. Brokaw. Mr. President, I know you they don’t flare up, then we’ll never have to did a lot of homework for this occasion, but have another D-Day. That is the ultimate les- could any amount of homework prepare you son. They all fought and died so that we for the emotion of what you’ve been going wouldn’t have to do that again. And the only through and what you will go through? way we can be sure is to stay strong and stay The President. No. You know, we were involved. And in a very uncertain world, in Italy, and I knew that many, many of our knowing that from time to time we may make service people who fought there in that very mistakes but that the ultimate lesson is as difficult campaign thought that their service long as we’re involved and we’re trying to had never been adequately recognized. But stop and contain these conflicts, we won’t nothing prepared me for the impact of the have another D-Day. thousands of graves at Nettuno and what the veterans felt. Nothing, nothing could have Foreign Policy prepared me for the emotional impact of Mr. Brokaw. Those leaders that you just what I saw outside of Cambridge with that cited always knew when to draw the line. Wall of the Missing, the 5,000 people, includ- There is a continuing perception that you’re ing Glenn Miller and Joseph Kennedy who still not comfortable with national security died in air crashes, were never recovered. decisions. Can you help correct that during You can read about it, you can talk to people this occasion? about it, but until you’re there and it hits The President. Well, I think for one thing, you, you can’t imagine. the answer is—the short answer to that is Mr. Brokaw. For this generation, your yes, but the longer answer is slightly more generation, for that matter, what are the les- complex, and I’d like to have the chance to sons to be learned now from that day, D- answer it. Day, and that time? What we’re trying to do is to do in the The President. First of all, I think it’s im- post-cold-war era what the leaders after portant to remember that what D-Day World War II had to do. Keep in mind, they proved more than anything else was, to use didn’t quite know where to join the line ei- General Eisenhower’s words, the fury of an ther. For years people criticized President aroused democracy is still the most important Truman because Russia built a Communist force in the world. The fact that we were empire and occupied all of Eastern Europe. a free people—and yes, maybe we were a It took some time to figure out, you know, little slow, you can argue in hindsight, to re- what was NATO going to do, what was the

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Marshall plan all about, what was our posi- But we are going to proceed firmly on this. tion in Asia going to be. And that’s the period I hope and believe the U.N. will do it. If we’re in now. We’re working at the line- it doesn’t, then we’ll look at who else wants drawing. to do it and what else we can do. But we We do have some clear lines. We have a can’t turn away from this. This is not about continuing security commitment to Korea the United States; this is about North Korea. and Japan, for example, which is unbending They promised that they wouldn’t be a nu- and cannot be breached. We have a continu- clear power. They promised to let us inspect. ing effort with Russia to make the world less I will say this, since I’ve been President we’ve nuclear, which is immediate in its implica- engaged them more, and we have been able tions in our security. And we are working to inspect now. What is at issue here is the through a lot of other things. In Bosnia what inspections they did not allow back in 1989 we have done is to say we’re not sure we and what they’re going to do about it and can solve this, but we can limit its reach, and whether that gives them the ability to make we must. And we’ve been somewhat success- nuclear weapons. Now, since they still deal ful there, I think more successful than most with countries that we know are rogue states people acknowledge. and support terrorism, that’s of great concern And I think what you will see is as we work to us. That is a big issue for the American through these things and the shape of the people and the long-term security of the post-cold-war world becomes clear, the lines world. So we’ve got to be firm here. that America will draw will become clear. We Will the United Nations support us? I be- are not withdrawing. That’s the main thing. lieve they will. If they don’t, what will we We are trying to stay engaged. do? I think there are other options open to us. But we cannot just walk away from this. North Korea Mr. Brokaw. If they continue to test, for Mr. Brokaw. Isn’t it possible that the example, the Silkworm missile, which is the North Koreans are responding to your var- shipkiller, and any kind of picket line you ious overtures because they believe that would put around North Korea would be ex- you’ll talk the talk but, in the modern jargon, posed to that kind of thing, but you think not walk the walk, that you’ve been ambiva- ultimately that they’ll respond only to the lent about Bosnia and Haiti and even about military option? trade with China? The President. I’m not sure of that. They The President. No. I don’t think that’s have said that they would consider sanctions what’s going on. I think that they may think an act of war, but I don’t really believe that. that the world community won’t impose Keep in mind there are lots of countries in sanctions on them, but I think the world the world that have nuclear programs. When community will impose sanctions if they President Kennedy was President, he don’t—— thought by this time two dozen countries Mr. Brokaw. But if the world community would be nuclear powers. We don’t have two does not, will this President say, ‘‘We’re dozen nuclear powers because the United going to do it on our own; we’re going to States and our allies have worked very hard lead the way’’? to reduce the number of nuclear powers. The President. We won’t have to do it North Korea promised they wouldn’t do it. on our own. There will be lots of countries We’re just asking them to keep their word there willing to help us, the so-called coali- to be part of the world community, to reach tion of willing. I prefer to have the United out and grow. Nations take the appropriate action because You know, the ultimate sanction is going we know that Russia and China on the Secu- to be for them to decide what kind of country rity Council agree with us on this issue. They they want to be. Do they want to be isolated don’t want North Korea to become a nuclear and alone and impoverished, or do they want power. And they know North Korea prom- to work out their relationship with South ised not to become a nuclear power. So I Korea, with the United States, ultimately prefer to do it that way. now with Japan, with China, with Russia. Ev-

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erybody is saying, ‘‘Come on and be part of for me, and that they thought it was not good this world. Don’t withdraw and be part of for America that these personal attacks con- a dark future.’’ And I still believe there’s a tinue. I told them that they should stay in chance they’ll come back. But we just have a good humor about it and I would, too. I to steadily keep on the course we’re on. It can’t worry about that. There is nothing I is dictated by their behavior, not by ours. can do about the past. All I can do is get up every day and be faithful to these young Vietnam Conflict men and women in uniform today, faithful Mr. Brokaw. Mr. President, you’ve been to the oath that I swore to uphold, and make getting all the respect that is due—[inaudi- these calls the best I can. ble]—Commander in Chief during these D- And if I spend all my time worrying about Day ceremonies. As you live in this kind of what somebody else thinks, I can’t do that a military environment, do you ever late at job. What I owe the people, whether they night regret your own decision to avoid mili- support me or resent me, I owe every one tary service when you were a young man? of them the same thing, to do the very best The President. I don’t regret the fact that I opposed the conflict in Vietnam and our I can every day. And that’s what I’m doing. policy there and I did what I could to—hon- orably—to bring it to an end. I still think American Values I was right on that. I think on balance it did Mr. Brokaw. Finally, Mr. President, do our role in the world more harm than good, you think that we’ll ever be able to restore although we were well motivated. We cer- in our country the values and the sense of tainly didn’t—the only lesson in Vietnam is common cause that existed 50 years ago? that you can’t fight someone else’s fight for The President. Well, we will be able to them. You can’t do that. There is a limit to if the American people in peacetime can un- what we can do for someone else. derstand that their existence is threatened by But there are plenty of times when I wish some things that are going on inside our I’d had the experience, because I, after all, I’m a child of World War II. I grew up on country, by what has happened to our fami- the war movies, you know, on John Wayne lies, to our communities, by the fact that and John Hodiak and Robert Mitchum and crime has reached epidemic proportions and all those war movies. I grew up with the violence among so many of our young people, memories of a father I never knew, with a and that that also threatens who we are as picture of his uniform on in World War II. a people. What I’m doing this week has brought me One of the things I tried to say to the back to my roots in a very profound way. American people in 1992 that I try still to You and I are about the same age, and you say is that our national security is a product know what I’m talking about. There’s nothing of being strong on the outside and also being that can compare with it. And I think all the strong on the inside. And if we can face up people who grew up in my generation were to things that—we’re facing up to our eco- hurt maybe worse than any other generation nomic problems. We’re doing much better could have been by their ambivalence over there. But we still have problems with our Vietnam because we all loved the military so children, problems on our streets, other much. problems we have to face up to. If we can Mr. Brokaw. Do you understand the face up to them, then we will have the kind quiet resentment of many of the veterans of sense of community that we had in World who are here: you did not serve and that you War II. are now the Commander in Chief? The President. Sure, but I’ve been stunned by the number of the World War NOTE: The interview began at 8:37 p.m. aboard II veterans, by the dozens the other day when the U.S.S. George Washington en route to Nor- I spent hours with them at Nettuno, who said mandy, France. A tape was not available for ver- ification of the content of this interview. that they had supported me, they had voted

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Executive Order 12919—National subcontractors and suppliers, materials, Defense Industrial Resources skilled labor, and professional and technical Preparedness personnel; June 3, 1994 (c) Be prepared, in the event of a potential threat to the security of the United States, By the authority vested in me as President to take actions necessary to ensure the avail- by the Constitution and the laws of the ability of adequate industrial resources and United States of America, including the De- production capability, including services and fense Production Act of 1950, as amended critical technology for national defense re- (64 Stat. 798; 50 U.S.C. App. 2061, et seq.), quirements; and section 301 of title 3, United States (d) Improve the efficiency and responsive- Code, and as Commander in Chief of the ness, to defense requirements, of the domes- Armed Forces of the United States, it is here- tic industrial base; and by ordered as follows: (e) Foster cooperation between the de- fense and commercial sectors for research PART I—PURPOSE, POLICY AND and development and for acquisition of mate- IMPLEMENTATION rials, components, and equipment to en- Section 101. Purpose. This order dele- hance industrial base efficiency and respon- gates authorities and addresses national de- siveness. fense industrial resource policies and pro- Sec. 104. Implementation. (a) The Na- grams under the Defense Production Act of tional Security Council is the principal forum 1950, as amended (‘‘the Act’’), except for the for consideration and resolution of national amendments to Title III of the Act in the security resource preparedness policy. Energy Security Act of 1980 and tele- (b) The Director, Federal Emergency communication authorities under Executive Management Agency (‘‘Director, FEMA’’) Order No. 12472. shall: Sec. 102. Policy. The United States must (1) Serve as an advisor to the National Se- have an industrial and technology base capa- curity Council on issues of national security ble of meeting national defense require- resource preparedness and on the use of the ments, and capable of contributing to the authorities and functions delegated by this technological superiority of its defense order; equipment in peacetime and in times of na- (2) Provide for the central coordination of tional emergency. The domestic industrial the plans and programs incident to authori- and technological base is the foundation for ties and functions delegated under this order, national defense preparedness. The authori- and provide guidance and procedures ap- ties provided in the Act shall be used to proved by the Assistant to the President for strengthen this base and to ensure it is capa- National Security Affairs to the Federal de- ble of responding to all threats to the national partments and agencies under this order; security of the United States. (3) Establish procedures, in consultation Sec. 103. General Functions. Federal de- with Federal departments and agencies as- partments and agencies responsible for de- signed functions under this order, to resolve fense acquisition (or for industrial resources in a timely and effective manner conflicts and needed to support defense acquisition) shall: issues that may arise in implementing the au- (a) Identify requirements for the full spec- thorities and functions delegated under this trum of national security emergencies, in- order; and cluding military, industrial, and essential ci- (4) Report to the President periodically vilian demand; concerning all program activities conducted (b) Assess continually the capability of the pursuant to this order. domestic industrial and technological base to (c) The head of every Federal department satisfy requirements in peacetime and times and agency assigned functions under this of national emergency, specifically evaluating order shall ensure that the performance of the availability of adequate industrial re- these functions is consistent with National source and production sources, including Security Council policy and guidelines.

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PART II—PRIORITIES AND ALLOCATIONS resolved, such issues will be referred to the Sec. 201. Delegations of Priorities and Al- Assistant to the President for National Secu- locations. (a) The authority of the President rity Affairs for final determination. conferred by section 101 of the Act to require (d) The head of each Federal department acceptance and priority performance of con- or agency assigned functions under sub- tracts or orders (other than contracts of em- section 201(a) of this order, when necessary, ployment) to promote the national defense shall make the finding required under sub- over performance of any other contracts or section 101(b) of the Act. This finding shall orders, and to allocate materials, services, be submitted for the President’s approval and facilities as deemed necessary or appro- through the Assistant to the President for priate to promote the national defense, is del- National Security Affairs. Upon such ap- egated to the following agency heads: proval the head of the Federal department (1) The Secretary of Agriculture with re- or agency that made the finding may use the spect to food resources, food resource facili- authority of subsection 101(a) of the Act to ties, and the domestic distribution of farm control the general distribution of any mate- equipment and commercial fertilizer; rial (including applicable services) in the ci- (2) The Secretary of Energy with respect vilian market. to all forms of energy; (e) The Assistant to the President for Na- (3) The Secretary of Health and Human tional Security Affairs is hereby delegated the Services with respect to health resources; authority under subsection 101(c)(3) of the (4) The Secretary of Transportation with Act, and will be assisted by the Director, respect to all forms of civil transportation; FEMA, in ensuring the coordinated adminis- (5) The Secretary of Defense with respect tration of the Act. to water resources; and Sec. 202. Determinations. The authority (6) The Secretary of Commerce for all delegated by section 201 of this order may other materials, services, and facilities, in- be used only to support programs that have cluding construction materials. been determined in writing as necessary or (b) The Secretary of Commerce, in con- appropriate to promote the national defense: sultation with the heads of those departments (a) By the Secretary of Defense with re- and agencies specified in subsection 201(a) spect to military production and construc- of this order, shall administer the Defense tion, military assistance to foreign nations, Priorities and Allocations System (‘‘DPAS’’) stockpiling, outer space, and directly related regulations that will be used to implement activities; the authority of the President conferred by (b) By the Secretary of Energy with re- section 101 of the Act as delegated to the spect to energy production and construction, Secretary of Commerce in subsection distribution and use, and directly related ac- 201(a)(6) of this order. The Secretary of tivities; and Commerce will redelegate to the Secretary (c) By the Director, FEMA, with respect of Defense, and the heads of other depart- to essential civilian needs supporting national ments and agencies as appropriate, authority defense, including civil defense and continu- for the priority rating of contracts and orders ity of government and directly related activi- for all materials, services, and facilities need- ties. ed in support of programs approved under Sec. 203. Maximizing Domestic Energy section 202 of this order. The Secretary of Supplies. The authority of the President to Commerce shall act as appropriate upon perform the functions provided by sub- Special Priorities Assistance requests in a section 101(c) of the Act is delegated to the time frame consistent with the urgency of Secretary of Commerce, who shall redelegate the need at hand. to the Secretary of Energy the authority to (c) The Director, FEMA, shall attempt to make the findings described in subsection resolve issues or disagreements on priorities 101(c)(2)(A) that the materials (including or allocations between Federal departments equipment), services, and facilities are criti- or agencies in a time frame consistent with cal and essential. The Secretary of Com- the urgency of the issue at hand and, if not merce shall make the finding described in

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subsection 101(c)(2)(A) of the Act that the after consultation with heads of guaranteeing materials (including equipment), services, or departments and agencies, the Secretary of facilities are scarce, and the finding de- the Treasury, and the Director, OMB, to pre- scribed in subsection 101(c)(2)(B) that it is scribe regulations governing procedures, necessary to use the authority provided by forms, rates of interest, and fees for such subsection 101(c)(1). guarantee contracts. Sec. 204. Chemical and Biological War- Sec. 302. Loans. (a) To expedite produc- fare. The authority of the President con- tion and deliveries or services to aid in carry- ferred by subsection 104(b) of the Act is del- ing out government contracts for the pro- egated to the Secretary of Defense. This au- curement of industrial resources or a critical thority may not be further delegated by the technology item for the national defense, an Secretary. agency head is authorized, subject to the pro- visions of section 302 of the Act, to submit PART III—EXPANSION OF PRODUCTIVE to the Secretary of the Treasury or the Presi- CAPACITY AND SUPPLY dent and Chairman of the Export-Import Sec. 301. (a) Financing Institution Guar- Bank of the United States (in cases involving antees. To expedite or expand production capacity expansion, technological develop- and deliveries or services under government ment, or production in foreign countries) ap- contracts for the procurement of industrial plications for loans. resources or critical technology items essen- (b) To expedite or expand production and tial to the national defense, the head of each deliveries or services under government con- Federal department or agency engaged in tracts for the procurement of industrial re- procurement for the national defense (re- sources or critical technology items essential ferred to as ‘‘agency head’’ in this part) and to the national defense, each agency head the President and Chairman of the Export- may make direct loans from funds appro- Import Bank of the United States (in cases priated to their agency for Title III. involving capacity expansion, technological (c) After receiving a loan application and development, or production in foreign coun- determining that financial assistance is not tries) are authorized to guarantee in whole otherwise available on reasonable terms, the or in part any public or private financing in- Secretary of the Treasury or the President stitution, subject to provisions of section 301 and Chairman of the Export-Import Bank of of the Act. Guarantees shall be made in con- the United States (in cases involving capacity sultation with the Department of the Treas- expansion, technological development, or ury as to the terms and conditions thereof. production in foreign countries) may make The Director of the Office of Management loans, subject to provisions of section 302 of and Budget (‘‘OMB’’) shall be informed the Act. when such guarantees are to be made. Sec. 303. Purchase Commitments. (a) In (b) Direct Loan Guarantees. To expedite order to carry out the objectives of the Act, or expand production and deliveries or serv- and subject to the provisions of section 303 ices under government contracts for the pro- thereof, an agency head is authorized to curement of industrial resources or critical make provision for purchases of, or commit- technology items essential to the national de- ments to purchase, an industrial resource or fense, each agency head is authorized to a critical technology item for government use make direct loan guarantees from funds ap- or resale. propriated to their agency for Title III. (b) Materials acquired under section 303 (c) Fiscal Agent. Each Federal Reserve of the Act that exceed the needs of the pro- Bank is designated and authorized to act, on grams under the Act may be transferred to behalf of any guaranteeing agency, as fiscal the National Defense Stockpile, if such trans- agent in the making of guarantee contracts fer is determined by the Secretary of De- and in otherwise carrying out the purposes fense as the National Defense Stockpile of section 301 of the Act. Manager to be in the public interest. (d) Regulations. The Board of Governors Sec. 304. Subsidy Payments. In order to of the Federal Reserve System is authorized, ensure the supply of raw or non-processed

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materials from high-cost sources, an agency sections 301, 302, and 303 of the Act to cor- head is authorized to make subsidy pay- rect an industrial shortfall shall be taken un- ments, after consultation with the Secretary less the shortfall has been identified in the of the Treasury and the Director, OMB, and Budget of the United States or amendments subject to the provisions of section 303(c) of thereto. the Act. Sec. 309. Defense Production Act Fund Sec. 305. Determinations and Findings. Manager. The Secretary of Defense is des- When carrying out the authorities in sections ignated the Defense Production Act Fund 301 through 303 of this order, an agency Manager, in accordance with section 304(f) head is authorized to make the required de- of the Act, and shall carry out the duties spec- terminations, judgments, statements, certifi- ified in that section, in consultation with the cations, and findings, in consultation with the agency heads having approved Title III Secretary of Defense, Secretary of Energy projects and appropriated Title III funds. or Director, FEMA, as appropriate. The Sec. 310. Critical Items List. (a) Pursuant agency head shall provide a copy of the de- to section 107(b)(1)(A) of the Act, the Sec- termination, judgment, statement, certifi- retary of Defense shall identify critical com- cation, or finding to the Director, OMB, to ponents and critical technology items for the Director, FEMA, and, when appropriate, each item on the Critical Items List of the to the Secretary of the Treasury. Commanders-in-Chief of the Unified and Sec. 306. Strategic and Critical Materials. Specified Commands and other items within (a) The Secretary of the Interior, in consulta- the inventory of weapon systems and defense tion with the Secretary of Defense as the Na- equipment. tional Defense Stockpile Manager and sub- (b) Each agency head shall take appro- ject to the provisions of section 303 of the priate action to ensure that critical compo- Act, is authorized to encourage the explo- nents or critical technology items are avail- ration, development, and mining of critical able from reliable sources when needed to and strategic materials and other materials. meet defense requirements during peace- (b) An agency head is authorized, pursuant time, graduated mobilization, and national to section 303(g) of the Act, to make provi- emergency. ‘‘Appropriate action’’ may in- sion for the development of substitutes for clude restricting contract solicitations to reli- strategic and critical materials, critical com- able sources, restricting contract solicitations ponents, critical technology items, and other to domestic sources (pursuant to statutory industrial resources to aid the national de- authority), stockpiling critical components, fense. and developing substitutes for critical com- (c) An agency head is authorized, pursuant ponents or critical technology items. to section 303(a)(1)(B) of the Act, to make Sec. 311. Strengthening Domestic Capa- provisions to encourage the exploration, de- bility. An agency head, in accordance with velopment, and mining of critical and strate- section 107(a) of the Act, may utilize the au- gic materials and other materials. thority of Title III of the Act or any other Sec. 307. Government-owned Equipment. provision of law, in consultation with the Sec- An agency head is authorized, pursuant to retary of Defense, to provide appropriate in- section 303(e) of the Act, to install additional centives to develop, maintain, modernize, equipment, facilities, processes, or improve- and expand the productive capacities of do- ments to facilities owned by the government mestic sources for critical components, criti- and to install government-owned equipment cal technology items, and industrial resources in industrial facilities owned by private per- essential for the execution of the national se- sons. curity strategy of the United States. Sec. 308. Identification of Shortfalls. Ex- Sec. 312. Modernization of Equipment. cept during periods of national emergency An agency head, in accordance with section or after a Presidential determination in ac- 108(b) of the Act, may utilize the authority cordance with sections 301(e)(1)(D)(ii), of Title III of the Act to guarantee the pur- 302(c)(4)(B), or 303(a)(7)(B) of the Act, no chase or lease of advance manufacturing guarantee, loan or other action pursuant to equipment and any related services with re-

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spect to any such equipment for purposes guidelines and procedures established by the of the Act. Administrator of General Services.

PART VI—EMPLOYMENT OF PERSONNEL PART IV—IMPACT OF OFFSETS Sec. 601. National Defense Executive Re- Sec. 401. Offsets. (a) The responsibilities serve. (a) In accordance with section 710(e) and authority conferred upon the President of the Act, there is established in the Execu- by section 309 of the Act with respect to off- tive Branch a National Defense Executive sets are delegated to the Secretary of Com- Reserve (‘‘NDER’’) composed of persons of merce, who shall function as the President’s recognized expertise from various segments Executive Agent for carrying out this author- of the private sector and from government ity. (except full-time federal employees) for (b) The Secretary of Commerce shall pre- training for employment in executive posi- pare the annual report required by section tions in the Federal Government in the event 309(a) of the Act in consultation with the of an emergency that requires such employ- Secretaries of Defense, Treasury, Labor, ment. State, the United States Trade Representa- (b) The head of any department or agency tive, the Arms Control and Disarmament may establish a unit of the NDER in the de- Agency, the Director of Central Intelligence, partment or agency and train members of and the heads of other departments and that unit. agencies as required. The heads of Federal (c) The head of each department or agency departments and agencies shall provide the with an NDER unit is authorized to exercise Secretary of Commerce with such informa- the President’s authority to employ civilian tion as may be necessary for the effective personnel in accordance with section 703(a) performance of this function. of the Act when activating all or a part of (c) The offset report shall be subject to its NDER unit. The exercise of this authority the normal interagency clearance process shall be subject to the provisions of sub- conducted by the Director, OMB, prior to sections 601(d) and (e) of this order and shall the report’s submission by the President to not be redelegated. Congress. (d) The head of a department or agency may activate an NDER unit, in whole or in PART V—VOLUNTARY AGREEMENTS AND part, upon the written determination that an ADVISORY COMMITTEES emergency affecting the national security or Sec. 501. Appointments. The authority of defense preparedness of the United States the President under sections 708(c) and (d) exists and that the activation of the unit is of the Act is delegated to the heads of each necessary to carry out the emergency pro- Federal department or agency, except that, gram functions of the department or agency. insofar as that authority relates to section 101 (e) At least 72 hours prior to activating the of the Act, it is delegated only to the heads NDER unit, the head of the department or of each Federal department or agency as- agency shall notify, in writing, the Assistant signed functions under section 201(a) of this to the President for National Security Affairs order. The authority delegated under this of the impending activation and provide a section shall be exercised pursuant to the copy of the determination required under provisions of section 708 of the Act, and cop- subsection 601(d) of this order. ies and the status of the use of such delega- (f) The Director, FEMA, shall coordinate tions shall be furnished to the Director, the NDER program activities of departments FEMA. and agencies in establishing units of the Re- Sec. 502. Advisory Committees. The au- serve; provide for appropriate guidance for thority of the President under section 708(d) recruitment, training, and activation; and of the Act and delegated in section 501 of issue necessary rules and guidance in con- this order (relating to establishment of advi- nection with the program. sory committees) shall be exercised only after (g) This order suspends any delegated au- consultation with, and in accordance with, thority, regulation, or other requirement or

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condition with respect to the activation of any may designate, develop policies regulating NDER unit, in whole or in part, or appoint- the induction and deferment of personnel for ment of any NDER member that is inconsist- the armed services, except for civilian per- ent with the authorities delegated herein, sonnel in the reserves; and provided that the aforesaid suspension ap- (f) Administer an effective labor-manage- plies only as long as sections 703(a) and ment relations policy to support the activities 710(e) of the Act are in effect. and programs under this order with the co- Sec. 602. Consultants. The head of each operation of other Federal agencies, includ- department or agency assigned functions ing the National Labor Relations Board and under this order is delegated authority under the Federal Mediation and Conciliation sections 710 (b) and (c) of the Act to employ Service. persons of outstanding experience and ability without compensation and to employ experts, PART VIII—DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL BASE consultants, or organizations. The authority INFORMATION AND REPORTS delegated by this section shall not be redele- Sec. 801. Foreign Acquisition of Compa- gated. nies. The Secretary of the Treasury, in co- operation with the Department of State, the PART VII—LABOR SUPPLY Department of Defense, the Department of Sec. 701. Secretary of Labor. The Sec- Commerce, the Department of Energy, the retary of Labor, identified in this section as Department of Agriculture, the Attorney the Secretary, shall: General, and the Director of Central Intel- (a) Collect, analyze, and maintain data ligence, shall complete and furnish a report needed to make a continuing appraisal of the to the President and then to Congress in ac- nation’s labor requirements and the supply cordance with the requirements of section of workers for purposes of national defense. 721(k) of the Act concerning foreign efforts All agencies of the government shall cooper- to acquire United States companies involved ate with the Secretary in furnishing informa- in research, development, or production of tion necessary for this purpose, to the extent critical technologies and industrial espionage permitted by law; activities directed by foreign governments (b) In response to requests from the head against private U.S. companies. of a Federal department or agency engaged Sec. 802. Defense Industrial Base Infor- in the procurement for national defense, con- mation System. (a) The Secretary of Defense sult with and advise that department or agen- and the heads of other appropriate Federal cy with respect to (1) the effect of con- departments and agencies, as determined by templated actions on labor supply and utiliza- the Secretary of Defense, shall establish an tion, (2) the relation of labor supply to mate- information system on the domestic defense rials and facilities requirements, and (3) such industrial base in accordance with the re- other matters as will assist in making the ex- quirements of section 722 of the Act. ercise of priority and allocations functions (b) In establishing the information system consistent with effective utilization and dis- required by subsection (a) of this order, the tribution of labor; Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of Com- (c) Formulate plans, programs, and poli- merce, and the heads of other appropriate cies for meeting defense and essential civilian Federal departments and agencies, as deter- labor requirements; mined by the Secretary of Defense in con- (d) Project skill shortages to facilitate sultation with the Secretary of Commerce, meeting defense and essential civilian needs shall consult with each other for the purposes and establish training programs; of performing the duties listed in section (e) Determine the occupations and skills 722(d)(1) of the Act. critical to meeting the labor requirements of (c) The Secretary of Defense shall convene defense and essential civilian activities and, a task force consisting of the Secretary of with the assistance of the Secretary of De- Commerce and the Secretary of each military fense, the Director of Selective Service, and department and the heads of other appro- such other persons as the Director, FEMA, priate Federal departments and agencies, as

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determined by the Secretary of Defense in facilities directly. As applied herein, ‘‘civil consultation with the Secretary of Com- transportation’’ shall include direction, con- merce, to carry out the duties under section trol, and coordination of civil transportation 722(d)(2) of the Act. capacity regardless of ownership. (d) The Secretary of Defense shall report (b) ‘‘Energy’’ means all forms of energy to Congress on a strategic plan for developing including petroleum, gas (both natural and a cost-effective, comprehensive information manufactured), electricity, solid fuels (in- system capable of identifying on a timely, on- cluding all forms of coal, coke, coal chemi- going basis vulnerability in critical compo- cals, coal liquification, and coal gasification), nents and critical technology items. The and atomic energy, and the production, con- plans shall include an assessment of the per- servation, use, control, and distribution (in- formance and cost-effectiveness of proce- cluding pipelines) of all of these forms of en- dures specified in section 722(b) of the Act. ergy. (e) The Secretary of Commerce, acting (c) ‘‘Farm equipment’’ means equipment, through the Bureau of the Census, shall con- machinery, and repair parts manufactured sult with the Secretary of Defense and the for use on farms in connection with the pro- Director, FEMA, to improve the usefulness duction or preparation for market use of food of information derived from the Census of resources. Manufacturers in carrying out section 722 of (d) ‘‘Fertilizer’’ means any product or com- the Act. bination of products that contain one or more (f) The Secretary of Defense shall perform of the elements—nitrogen, phosphorus, and an analysis of the production base for not potassium—for use as a plant nutrient. more than two major weapons systems of each military department in establishing the (e) ‘‘Food resources’’ means all commod- information system under section 722 of the ities and products, simple, mixed, or com- Act. Each analysis shall identify the critical pound, or complements to such commodities components of each system. or products, that are capable of being in- (g) The Secretary of Defense, in consulta- gested by either human beings or animals, tion with the Secretary of Commerce, and irrespective of other uses to which such com- the heads of other Federal departments and modities or products may be put, at all stages agencies as appropriate, shall issue a biennial of processing from the raw commodity to the report on critical components and technology products thereof in vendible form for human in accordance with section 722(e) of the Act. or animal consumption. ‘‘Food resources’’ also means all starches, sugars, vegetable and PART IX—GENERAL PROVISIONS animal or marine fats and oils, cotton, to- Sec. 901. Definitions. In addition to the bacco, wool, mohair, hemp, flax fiber, and definitions in section 702 of the Act, the fol- naval stores, but does not mean any such ma- lowing definitions apply throughout this terial after it loses its identity as an agricul- order: tural commodity or agricultural product. (a) ‘‘Civil transportation’’ includes move- (f) ‘‘Food resource facilities’’ means plants, ment of persons and property by all modes machinery, vehicles (including on-farm), and of transportation in interstate, intrastate, or other facilities required for the production, foreign commerce within the United States, processing, distribution, and storage (includ- its territories and possessions, and the Dis- ing cold storage) of food resources, livestock trict of Columbia, and, without limitation, re- and poultry feed and seed, and for the do- lated public storage and warehousing, ports, mestic distribution of farm equipment and services, equipment and facilities, such as fertilizer (excluding transportation thereof). transportation carrier shop and repair facili- (g) ‘‘Functions’’ include powers, duties, au- ties. However, ‘‘civil transportation’’ shall not thority, responsibilities, and discretion. include transportation owned or controlled (h) ‘‘Head of each Federal department or by the Department of Defense, use of petro- agency engaged in procurement for the na- leum and gas pipelines, and coal slurry pipe- tional defense’’ means the heads of the De- lines used only to supply energy production partments of Defense, Energy, and Com-

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merce, as well as those departments and provided that the subpoena power shall be agencies listed in Executive Order No. utilized only after the scope and purpose of 10789. the investigation, inspection, or inquiry to (i) ‘‘Heads of other appropriate Federal which the subpoena relates have been de- departments and agencies’’ as used in part fined either by the appropriate officer identi- VIII of this order means the heads of such fied in subsection 902(a) of this order or by other Federal agencies and departments that such other person or persons as the officer acquire information or need information with shall designate. respect to making any determination to exer- (c) Excluded from the authorities dele- cise any authority under the Act. gated by subsection 902(a) of this order are (j) ‘‘Health resources’’ means materials, fa- authorities delegated by parts V, VI, and VIII cilities, health supplies, and equipment (in- of this order and the authority with respect cluding pharmaceutical, blood collecting and to fixing compensation under section 703(a) dispensing supplies, biological, surgical tex- of the Act. tiles, and emergency surgical instruments Sec. 903. Authority. All previously issued and supplies) required to prevent the impair- orders, regulations, rulings, certificates, di- ment of, improve, or restore the physical and rectives, and other actions relating to any mental health conditions of the population. function affected by this order shall remain (k) ‘‘Metals and minerals’’ means all raw in effect except as they are inconsistent with materials of mineral origin (excluding en- this order or are subsequently amended or ergy) including their refining, smelting, or revoked under proper authority. Nothing in processing, but excluding their fabrication. this order shall affect the validity or force (l) ‘‘Strategic and Critical Materials’’ of anything done under previous delegations means materials (including energy) that (1) or other assignment of authority under the would be needed to supply the military, in- Act. dustrial, and essential civilian needs of the Sec. 904. Effect on other Orders. (a) The United States during a national security following are superseded or revoked: emergency, and (2) are not found or pro- (1) Section 3, Executive Order No. 8248 duced in the United States in sufficient quan- of September 8, 1939, (4 FR 3864). tities to meet such need and are vulnerable (2) Executive Order No. 10222 of March to the termination or reduction of the avail- 8, 1951 (16 FR 2247). ability of the material. (3) Executive Order No. 10480 of August (m) ‘‘Water resources’’ means all usable 14, 1953 (18 FR 4939). water, from all sources, within the jurisdic- (4) Executive Order No. 10647 of Novem- tion of the United States, which can be man- ber 28, 1955 (20 FR 8769). aged, controlled, and allocated to meet emer- gency requirements. (5) Executive Order No. 11179 of Septem- Sec. 902. General. (a) Except as otherwise ber 22, 1964 (29 FR 13239). provided in subsection 902(c) of this order, (6) Executive Order No. 11355 of May 26, the authorities vested in the President by title 1967 (32 FR 7803). VII of the Act may be exercised and per- (7) Sections 7 and 8, Executive Order No. formed by the head of each department and 11912 of April 13, 1976 (41 FR 15825, agency in carrying out the delegated authori- 15826-27). ties under the Act and this order. (8) Section 3, Executive Order No. 12148 (b) The authorities which may be exercised of July 20, 1979 (44 FR 43239, 43241). and performed pursuant to subsection 902(a) (9) Executive Order No. 12521 of June 24, of this order shall include (1) the power to 1985 (50 FR 26335). redelegate authorities, and to authorize the (10) Executive Order No. 12649 of August successive redelegation of authorities, to de- 11, 1988 (53 FR 30639). partments and agencies, officers, and em- (11) Executive Order No. 12773 of Sep- ployees of the government, and (2) the power tember 26, 1991 (56 FR 49387), except that of subpoena with respect to authorities dele- part of the order that amends section 604 gated in parts II, III, and IV of this order, of Executive Order 10480.

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(b) Executive Order No. 10789 of Novem- After more than a year of brilliant planning ber 14, 1958, is amended by deleting ‘‘and by General Eisenhower and his Allied staff in view of the existing national emergency and those who were here even before and declared by Proclamation No. 2914 of De- one agonizing weather-caused delay, D-Day cember 16, 1950,’’ as it appears in the first arrived at last, exactly 50 years ago this day. sentence. We gather in the calm after sunrise today (c) Executive Order No. 11790, as amend- to remember that fateful morning, the pivot ed, relating to the Federal Energy Adminis- point of the war, perhaps the pivot point of tration Act of 1974, is amended by deleting the 20th century. ‘‘Executive Order No. 10480’’ where it ap- But we should never forget that at this pears in section 4 and substituting this or- hour on June 6, 1944, victory seemed far der’s number. from certain. The weather was menacing, the (d) Subject to subsection 904(c) of this seas were churning, the enemy was dug in. order, to the extent that any provision of any Though the plans had been prepared in great prior Executive order is inconsistent with the detail, chaos of battle can overwhelm the best provisions of this order, this order shall con- laid plans, and for some of our units the plans trol and such prior provision is amended ac- went awry. Indeed, General Eisenhower had cordingly. already drafted a statement in case the oper- Sec. 905. Judicial Review. This order is ation did not succeed. not intended to create any right or benefit, As H-Hour approached, everyone in the substantive or procedural, enforceable at law invasion was forced to prepare in his own by a party against the United States, its agen- way. We know now from the records then cies, its officers, or any person. that some soldiers and sailors wrote to their William J. Clinton wives back home or to children they had never held. Some played dice, hoping for a The White House, string of good luck. Others tried to read, and June 3, 1994. many simply prayed. One Jewish officer, Captain Irving Gray, asked the chaplain on [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, his landing craft to lead a prayer ‘‘to the God 10:45 a.m., June 6, 1994] in whom we all believe, whether Protestant NOTE: This Executive order was released by the or Catholic or Jew that our mission might Office of the Press Secretary on June 6, and it be accomplished and that we may be brought was published in the Federal Register on June 7. safely home again.’’ Back home, as news of the invasion reached our fellow Americans, Americans Remarks Honoring the Role of the spoke softly to God. In one Brooklyn ship- United States Navy in the Normandy yard, welders knelt down on the decks of Invasion their Liberty ship and said together The June 6, 1994 Lord’s Prayer. The soldiers who landed on Utah and Omaha needed those prayers, for Thank you very much, Mr. Rockwell, Mr. they entered a scene of terrible carnage. Secretary, Admiral, Captain Sprigg, Chap- Thousands would never return. For those lains, distinguished leaders of the Congress, who did, it was faith in their Maker’s mercy the Cabinet, members of the Armed Serv- and their own ability that helped to carry the ices, veterans, family, and friends. This new day. It was also raw courage and love of free- and historically accurate dawn reminds us of dom and country. that dawn 50 years ago that brought a new One of the most stirring tales of D-Day era, when thousands of warships assembled is that to which the Secretary of the Navy to begin Europe’s liberation. Allied naval has already referred, the tale of the U.S.S. guns unleashed a storm of fire on Nor- Corry. Ripped by mines while blasting mandy’s beaches as the sky brightened to a enemy positions on Utah Beach, the Corry cold gray. Legions of young men packed into began to go under. But one man stayed landing crafts set out to take those beaches. aboard. He climbed the stern, removed the

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flag, and swam and scrambled to the main brated his 20th birthday out in the Channel. mast. There, he ran up the flag. And as he A young man like all the rest of them, cold swam off, our flag opened into the breeze. and wet, far from home, preparing for the In the Corry’s destruction, there was no de- challenge of his life. Ken Bargmann and the feat. Today, the wreckage of that ship lies other Rangers of Pointe du Hoc and all the directly beneath us, an unseen monument to other Americans, British, Canadian, and Free those who helped to win this great war. Thir- French who landed, were the tip of a spear teen of the Corry’s crew rest there as well, the free world had spent years sharpening, and these waters are forever sanctified by a spear they began on this morning in 1944 their sacrifice. to plunge into the heart of the Nazi empire. Fifty years ago, General Eisenhower con- Most of them were new to war, but all were cluded his order of the day with these words: armed with the ingenuity of free citizens and ‘‘Let us all beseech the blessing of almighty the confidence that they fought for a good God upon this great and noble undertaking.’’ cause under the gaze of a loving God. As we begin this new day of remembrance, The fortunate ones would go home, let us also ask God’s blessing for all those changed forever. Thousands would never re- who died for freedom 50 years ago and for turn. And today we mourn their loss. But on the Americans who carry on their noble work that gray dawn, millions, literally millions, of today. May God bless them, and may God people on this continent awaited their arrival. bless America. Young Anne Frank wrote in her diary these words: ‘‘It’s no exaggeration to say that all NOTE: The President spoke at 7:21 a.m. aboard Amsterdam, all Holland, yes, the whole west the U.S.S. George Washington off the coast of coast of Europe talks about the invasion day Normandy, France. In his remarks, he referred and night, debates about it, makes bets on to Dean Rockwell, D-Day veteran who introduced the President, and Admiral J.M. Boorda, com- it, and hopes. I have the feeling friends are mander in chief, U.S. Naval Forces Europe. A approaching.’’ tape was not available for verification of the con- The young men who came fought for the tent of these remarks. very survival of democracy. Just 4 years ear- lier, some thought democracy’s day had passed. Hitler was rolling across Europe. In Remarks on the 50th Anniversary of America, factories worked at only half capac- D-Day at Pointe du Hoc in ity. Our people were badly divided over what Normandy, France to do. The future seemed to belong to the June 6, 1994 dictators. They sneered at democracy, its mingling of races and religions, its tolerance General Downing, Mr. Hathaway, hon- of dissent. They were sure we didn’t have ored leaders of our military, distinguished what it took. veterans and members of the armed services, Well, they didn’t know James Rudder or family and friends, my fellow Americans. We Ken Bargmann or the other men of D-Day. stand on sacred soil. Fifty years ago at this The didn’t understand what happens when place a miracle of liberation began. On that the free unite behind a great and worthy morning, democracy’s forces landed to end cause. For human miracles begin with per- the enslavement of Europe. sonal choices, millions of them gathered to- Around 7 a.m., Lt. Colonel James Earl gether as one, like the stars of a majestic gal- Rudder, 2d Ranger Battalion, United States axy. Here at this place, in Britain, in North Army, led 224 men onto the beaches below America, and among Resistance fighters in and up these unforgiving cliffs. Bullets and France and across Europe, all those number- grenades came down upon them, but by a less choices came together: the choices of few minutes after 7, here, exactly here, the lion-hearted leaders to rally their people; the first Rangers, stood. Today, let us ask those choices of people to mobilize for freedom’s American heroes to stand again. [Applause]. fight; the choices of their soldiers to carry Corporal Ken Bargmann, who sits here to on that fight into a world worn weary by dev- my right, was one of them. He had just cele- astation and despair.

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Every person in the democracies pitched beaches were never extinguished, even in the in. Every shipbuilder who built a landing darkest days behind the Iron Curtain. Five craft. Every woman who worked in a factory. years ago the miracle of liberation was re- Every farmer who grew food for the troops. peated as the rotting timbers of communism Every miner who carved coal out of a cavern. came tumbling down. Every child who tended a victory garden. All Now we stand at the start of a new day. of them did their part. All produced things The Soviet empire is gone. So many people with their hands and their hearts that went who fought as our partners in this war, the into this battle. And on D-Day, all across the Russians, the Poles, and others, now stand free world, the peoples of democracy prayed again as our partners in peace and democ- that they had done their job right. Well, they racy. Our work is far from done. Still there had done their job right. are cliffs to scale. We must work to contain And here, you, the Army Rangers, did the world’s most deadly weapons, to expand yours. Your mission was to scale these cliffs the reach of democracy. We must keep ready and destroy the howitzers at the top that arms and strong alliances. We must have threatened every Allied soldier and ship strong families and cohesive societies and within miles. You fired grappling hooks onto educated citizens and vibrant, open, econo- the cliff tops. You waded to shore, and you mies that promote cooperation, not conflict. began to climb up on ropes slick with sea And if we should ever falter, we need only and sand, up, as the Germans shot down and remember you at this spot 50 years ago and tried to cut your lines, up, sometimes holding you, again, at this spot today. The flame of to the cliffs with nothing but the knives you your youth became freedom’s lamp, and we had and your own bare hands. see its light reflected in your faces still and As the battle raged at Juno, Sword, and in the faces of your children and grand- Gold, on Omaha and Utah, you took dev- children. astating casualties. But you also took control We commit ourselves, as you did, to keep of these commanding heights. Around 9 a.m., that lamp burning for those who will follow. two Rangers discovered the big guns hidden You completed your mission here. But the inland and disabled them with heat grenades. mission of freedom goes on; the battle con- At the moment, you became the first Ameri- tinues. The ‘‘longest day’’ is not yet over. cans on D-Day to complete your mission. God bless you, and God bless America. We look at this terrain and we marvel at your fight. We look around us and we see NOTE: The President spoke at 8:45 a.m. In his what you were fighting for. For here are the remarks, he referred to Gen. William A. Downing, daughters of Colonel Rudder. Here are the USA, commander in chief, U.S. Special Oper- ations Command, and D-Day veteran Richard son and grandson of Corporal Bargmann. Hathaway, president, Ranger Battalions Associa- Here are the faces for whom you risked your tion of World War II, who introduced the Presi- lives. Here are the generations for whom you dent. won a war. We are the children of your sac- rifice. We are the sons and daughters you saved from tyranny’s reach. We grew up be- Remarks on the 50th Anniversary of hind the shield of the strong alliances you D-Day at Utah Beach in Normandy forged in blood upon these beaches, on the June 6, 1994 shores of the Pacific, and in the skies above. We flourished in the nation you came home Thank you. Thank you very much, General to build. Talbott, Secretary Perry, Secretary Brown. The most difficult days of your lives Let me begin by asking all the veterans here bought us 50 years of freedom. You did your present, their families, their friends, the peo- job; now we must do ours. Let us begin by ple from France who have been wonderful teaching our young people about the villainy hosts to us, to acknowledge those who that started this war and the valor that ended worked so hard to make these D-Day cere- it. Let us carry on the work you began here. monies a great success: General Joulwan, the The sparks of freedom you struck on these SAC here, and his European command,

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2,700 members of Armed Forces who not be captured in these statistics. Only one worked to put these events together; and the number matters: the husband who can never Secretary of the Army’s World War II com- be replaced, the best friend who never came memorative committee, General Mick home, the father who never played with his Kicklighter and all of his committee. Let’s child again. give them a big hand; they have done a won- One of those fathers who died on D-Day derful job. [Applause] had written a letter home to his wife and My fellow Americans, we have gathered their daughter barely a month before the in- to remember those who stormed this beach vasion. He said, ‘‘I sincerely pray that if you for freedom who never came home. We pay fail to hear from me for a while you will recall tribute to what a whole generation of heroes the words of the Gospel: ‘A little while and won here. But let us also recall what was lost you shall not see me, and again a little while, here. We must never forget that thousands and you shall see me.’ But in your thoughts of people gave everything they were, or what I shall always be, and you in mine.’’ He was they might have become, so that freedom right. They must always be in our thoughts. might live. To honor them, we must remember. The loss along this coastline numbs us still. The people of this coast understand. Just In one U.S. company alone, 197 of 205 men beyond this beach is the town of Ste. Me`re were slaughtered in just 10 minutes. Hun- E´ glise. There brave American paratroopers dreds of young men died before they could struggle 20 feet into the red-tinged tide. floated into a tragic ambush on D-Day, and Thousands upon thousands of American, Ca- there the survivors rallied to complete their nadian, and British troops were killed or mission. The mayor’s wife, Simone Renaud, wounded on one brutal day. wrote the families of the Americans who had But in the face of that mayhem emerged fought and died to free her village. And she the confident clarity born of relentless train- kept on writing them every week for the rest ing and the guiding light of a just cause. Here of her life until she died just 6 years ago. at Utah Beach, with the Army’s 4th Division Her son, Henri-Jean Renaud, carries on her in the lead, the Allies unleashed their demo- vigil now. And he has vowed never to forget, cratic fury on the Nazi armies. saying, ‘‘I will dedicate myself to the memory So many of them landed in the wrong of their sacrifice for as long as I live.’’ place; they found their way. When one com- We must do no less. We must carry on manding officer, Russell ‘‘Red’’ Reeder, dis- the work of those who did not return and covered the error, he said, ‘‘It doesn’t matter. those who did. We must turn the pain of loss We know where to go.’’ into the power of redemption so that 50 or Here to help point the way were the fight- 100 or 1,000 years from now, those who ers of the French Resistance. We must never bought our liberty with their lives will never forget how much those who lived under the be forgotten. Nazi fist did to make D-Day possible. For To those of you who have survived and the French, D-Day was the 1,453d day of come back to this hallowed ground, let me their occupation. Throughout all those ter- say that the rest of us know that the most rible days, people along this coast kept faith. difficult days of your lives brought us 50 years Whether gathering intelligence, carving out of freedom. escape routes for Allied soldiers or destroying Thank you, and God bless you all. enemy supply lines, they, too, kept freedom’s flame alive with a terrible price. NOTE: The President spoke at 11:12 a.m. In his Thousands were executed. Thousands remarks, he referred to Lt. Gen. Orwin C. Talbott, more died in concentration camps. Oh, the USA (Ret.), president, Society of 1st Infantry Di- loved ones of all who died, no matter what vision, and Gen. George A. Joulwan, USA, Su- their nationality, they all feel a loss that can- preme Allied Commander, Europe.

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Remarks on the 50th Anniversary of Below us are the beaches where Corporal D-Day at the United States Cemetery Elliot’s battalion and so many other Ameri- in Colleville-sur-Mer, France cans landed, Omaha and Utah, proud names June 6, 1994 from America’s heartland, part of the biggest gamble of the war, the greatest crusade, yes, Mr. Dawson, you did your men proud the longest day. today. General Shalikashvili, Mr. Cronkite, During those first hours on bloody Omaha, Chaplain, distinguished leaders of our Gov- nothing seemed to go right. Landing craft ernment, Members of Congress, members of were ripped apart by mines and shells. Tanks the armed services, our hosts from France, sent to protect them had sunk, drowning and most of all, our veterans, their families, their crews. Enemy fire raked the invaders and their friends: as they stepped into chest-high water and In these last days of ceremonies, we have waded past the floating bodies of their com- heard wonderful words of tribute. Now we rades. And as the stunned survivors of the come to this hallowed place that speaks, first wave huddled behind a seawall, it more than anything else, in silence. Here on seemed the invasion might fail. this quiet plateau, on this small piece of Hitler and his followers had bet on it. They American soil, we honor those who gave their were sure the Allied soldiers were soft, weak- lives for us 50 crowded years ago. ened by liberty and leisure, by the mingling Today, the beaches of Normandy are calm. of races and religion. They were sure their If you walk these shores on a summer’s day, totalitarian youth had more discipline and all you might hear is the laughter of children zeal. playing on the sand or the cry of seagulls But then something happened. Although overhead or perhaps the ringing of a distant many of the American troops found them- church bell, the simple sounds of freedom selves without officers on unfamiliar ground, barely breaking the silence, peaceful silence, next to soldiers they didn’t know, one by one ordinary silence. they got up. They inched forward, and to- But June 6th, 1944, was the least ordinary gether, in groups of threes and fives and tens, day of the 20th century. On that chilled the sons of democracy improvised and dawn, these beaches echoed with the sounds mounted their own attacks. At that exact mo- of staccato gunfire, the roar of aircraft, the ment on these beaches, the forces of freedom thunder of bombardment. And through the turned the tide of the 20th century. wind and the waves came the soldiers, out These soldiers knew that staying put meant of their landing craft and into the water, away certain death. But they were also driven by from their youth and toward a savage place the voice of free will and responsibility, nur- many of them would sadly never leave. They tured in Sunday schools, town halls, and had come to free a continent, the Americans, sandlot ballgames, the voice that told them the British, the Canadians, the Poles, the to stand up and move forward, saying, ‘‘You French Resistance, the Norwegians, and oth- can do it. And if you don’t, no one else will.’’ ers; they had all come to stop one of the And as Captain Joe Dawson led his company greatest forces of evil the world has ever up this bluff, and as others followed his lead, known. they secured a foothold for freedom. As news of the invasion broke back home Today many of them are here among us. in America, people held their breath. In Bos- Oh, they may walk with a little less spring ton, commuters stood reading the news on in their step, and their ranks are growing the electric sign at South Station. In New thinner, but let us never forget; when they York, the Statue of Liberty, its torch blacked were young, these men saved the world. And out since Pearl Harbor, was lit at sunset for so let us now ask them, all the veterans of 15 minutes. And in Newcastle, Pennsylvania, the Normandy campaign, to stand if they can a young mother named Pauline Elliot wrote and be recognized. [Applause] to her husband, Frank, a corporal in the The freedom they fought for was no ab- Army, ‘‘D-Day has arrived. The first thought stract concept, it was the stuff of their daily of all of us was a prayer.’’ lives. Listen to what Frank Elliot had written

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to his wife from the embarkation point in each of our own citizens; to strengthen our England: ‘‘I miss hamburgers a´ la Coney Is- families, our faith, and our communities; to land, American beer a´ la Duquesne, Amer- fight indifference and intolerance; to keep ican shows a´ la Penn Theater, and American our Nation strong; and to light the lives of girls a´ la you.’’ Pauline Elliot wrote back on those still dwelling in the darkness of un- June 6th, as she and their one-year-old democratic rule. Our parents did that and daughter listened on the radio, ‘‘Little more; we must do nothing less. They strug- DeRonda is the only one not affected by D- gled in war so that we might strive in peace. Day news. I hope and pray she will never We know that progress is not inevitable. remember any of this, but only the happiness But neither was victory upon these beaches. of the hours that will follow her daddy’s Now, as then, the inner voice tells us to stand homecoming step on the porch.’’ up and move forward. Now, as then, free Well, millions of our GI’s did return home people must choose. from that war to build up our nations and Fifty years ago, the first Allied soldiers to enjoy life’s sweet pleasures. But on this field land here in Normandy came not from the there are 9,386 who did not: 33 pairs of sea but from the sky. They were called Path- brothers, a father and his son, 11 men from finders, the first paratroopers to make the tiny Bedford, Virginia, and Corporal Frank jump. Deep in the darkness, they descended Elliot, killed near these bluffs by a German upon these fields to light beacons for the air- shell on D-Day. They were the fathers we borne assaults that would soon follow. Now, never knew, the uncles we never met, the near the dawn of a new century, the job of friends who never returned, the heroes we lighting those beacons falls to our hands. can never repay. They gave us our world. And To you who brought us here, I promise those simple sounds of freedom we hear we will be the new pathfinders, for we are today are their voices speaking to us across the children of your sacrifice. the years. Thank you, and God bless you all. At this place, let us honor all the Ameri- cans who lost their lives in World War II. NOTE: The President spoke at 5:58 p.m. In his Let us remember, as well, that over 40 mil- remarks, he referred to Walter Cronkite, master of ceremonies, and Maj. Gen. Matthew A. Zim- lion human beings from every side perished: merman, USA, Chief of Chaplains. soldiers on the field of battle, Jews in the ghettos and death camps, civilians ravaged by shell fire and famine. May God give rest Letter to Congressional Leaders on to all their souls. Iraq Fifty years later, what a different world we June 6, 1994 live in. Germany, Japan, and Italy, liberated by our victory, now stand among our closest Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) allies and the staunchest defenders of free- Consistent with the Authorization for Use dom. Russia, decimated during the war and of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution frozen afterward in communism and cold (Public Law 102–1), and as part of my effort war, has been reborn in democracy. And as to keep the Congress fully informed, I am freedom rings from Prague to Kiev, the lib- reporting on the status of efforts to obtain eration of this continent is nearly complete. Iraq’s compliance with the resolutions adopt- Now the question falls to our generation: ed by the U.N. Security Council. How will we build upon the sacrifice of D- It remains our judgment that the Inter- Day’s heroes? Like the soldiers of Omaha national Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has Beach, we cannot stand still. We cannot stay effectively disbanded the Iraqi nuclear weap- safe by doing so. Avoiding today’s problems ons program at least for the near term. The would be our own generation’s appease- United Nations has destroyed Iraqi missile ments. For just as freedom has a price, it launchers, support facilities, and a good deal also has a purpose, and its name is progress. of Iraq’s indigenous capability to manufac- Today, our mission is to expand freedom’s ture prohibited missiles. The U.N. Special reach forward; to test the full potential of Commission on Iraq (UNSCOM) teams have

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reduced Iraq’s ability to produce chemical reject any attempts to limit UNSCOM’s flexi- weapons and they are inventorying and de- bility by the establishment of a timetable for stroying chemical munitions. The United Na- determining whether Iraq has complied with tions now is preparing a long-term monitor- UNSCR 715. We insist on a sustained period ing regime for facilities identified as capable of complete and unquestionable compliance of supporting a biological weapons program. with the monitoring and verification plans. But serious gaps remain in accounting for The ‘‘no-fly zones’’ over northern and Iraq’s missile and weapons of mass destruc- southern Iraq permit the monitoring of Iraq’s tion (WMD) programs and the destruction compliance with UNSCRs 687 and 688. Over process for all designated Iraqi weapons pro- the last 2 years, the northern no-fly zone has grams is not yet complete. assisted in deterring Iraq from a major mili- The international community must also tary offensive in the region. Tragically, on ensure that Iraq does not break its promise April 14, 1994, two American helicopters in to accept ongoing monitoring and verification the no-fly zone were mistakenly shot down as Iraq has repeatedly done in the past on by U.S. fighter aircraft causing 26 casualties. other commitments. Continued vigilance is An investigation into the circumstances sur- necessary because we believe that Saddam rounding this incident is underway. In south- Hussein is committed to rebuilding his ern Iraq, since the no-fly zone was estab- WMD capability. lished, Iraq’s use of aircraft against its popu- We are seriously concerned about the lation in the region has stopped. However, many contradictions and unanswered ques- Iraqi forces have responded to the no-fly tions remaining in regard to Iraq’s WMD ca- zone by continuing to use artillery to shell pability, especially in the chemical weapons marsh villages. area. The Secretary General’s report of April In April and May, the Iraqi military contin- 22 has detailed how the Iraqi government ued its campaign to destroy the southern has stalled, obstructed, and impeded the marshes. A large search-and-destroy oper- Special Commission in its essential efforts. ation is taking place. The operation includes This report indicated that information sup- the razing of villages and large-scale burning plied by Iraq on its missile and chemical pro- operations, concentrated in the triangle grams was incomplete. Not only had the Iraqi bounded by An Nasiriya, Al Qurnah, and government failed to furnish requested infor- Basrah. Iraqi government engineers are mation, but the Iraqi government sought to draining the marshes of the region while the sidestep questions that the Special Commis- Iraqi Army is systematically burning thou- sion had posed. sands of reeds and dwellings to ensure that It is, therefore, extremely important that the marsh inhabitants are unable to return the international community establish an ef- to their ancestral homes. The population of fective, comprehensive, and sustainable on- the region, whose marsh culture has re- going monitoring and verification regime as mained essentially unchanged since 3500 required by U.N. Security Council Resolu- B.C., has in the last few years been reduced tion (UNSCR) 715. A monitoring program by an estimated three-quarters. As a result of this magnitude is unprecedented. Rigor- of the ‘‘browning’’ of the marshes, civilian in- ous, extensive trial and field testing will be habitants continue to flee toward Iran, as well required before UNSCOM can judge the as deeper into the remaining marshes toward program’s capability. the outskirts of southern Iraqi cities. This Rolf Ekeus, the Chairman of UNSCOM, campaign is a clear violation of UNSCR 688. has told Iraq that it must establish a clear In northern Iraq, in the vicinity of Mosul, track record of compliance before he can re- we continue to watch Iraqi troop movements port favorably to the Security Council. This carefully. Iraq’s intentions remain unclear. view is endorsed by most members of the Three years after the end of the Gulf War, Security Council. Chairman Ekeus has said Iraq still refuses to recognize Kuwait’s sov- he does not expect to be able to report before ereignty and the inviolability of the U.N. de- the end of the year at the earliest. We strong- marcated border, which was reaffirmed by ly endorse Chairman Ekeus’ approach and the Security Council in UNSCRs 773 and

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833. Despite the passage of time, Iraq has continue to support U.N. efforts to mount failed to accept those resolutions. Further- a relief program for persons in Baghdad and more, Iraq has not met its obligations con- the South, provided that supplies are not di- cerning Kuwaitis and third-country nationals verted by the Iraqi government. We are also it detained during the war. Iraq has taken seeking the establishment of a U.N. commis- no substantive steps to cooperate fully with sion to investigate and publicize Iraqi crimes the International Committee of the Red against humanity, war crimes, and other vio- Cross (ICRC), as required by UNSCR 687. lations of international humanitarian law. Indeed, Iraq refused even to attend the Examples of Iraqi noncooperation and ICRC meetings held in July and November noncompliance continue in other areas. For 1993 to discuss these issues. Iraq also has instance, reliable reports indicate that the not responded to more than 600 files on Government of Iraq is offering reward missing individuals. We continue to press for money for terrorist acts against U.N. and hu- Iraqi compliance and we regard Iraq’s ac- manitarian relief workers in Iraq. The offer- tions on these issues as essential to the reso- ing of bounty for such acts, as well as the lution of conflict in the region. commission of such acts, in our view con- The Special Rapporteur of the U.N. Com- stitute violations of UNSCRs 687 and 688. mission on Human Rights, Max van der For 3 years there has been a clear pattern Stoel, in his February 1994 report on the of criminal acts linked to the Government human rights situation in Iraq, described the of Iraq in a series of assassinations and at- Iraqi military’s continuing repression against tacks in northern Iraq on relief workers, U.N. its civilian populations in the marshes. The guards, and foreign journalists. These inci- Special Rapporteur asserted that the Govern- dents continued to occur during April and ment of Iraq has engaged in war crimes and May. In the first week of April alone, there crimes against humanity, and may have com- mitted violations of the 1948 Genocide Con- were four attacks. On April 3, for example, vention. Regarding the Kurds, the Special a German journalist and her Kurdish body- Rapporteur has judged that the extent and guard were killed under suspicious cir- gravity of reported violations place the sur- cumstances. The most recent example of vival of Kurds in jeopardy. The Special such Iraqi-sponsored terrorism occurred on Rapporteur noted that there are essentially April 12 in Beirut where Iraqi government no freedoms of opinion, expression, or asso- officials assigned to the Iraqi Embassy assas- ciation in Iraq. Torture is widespread in Iraq sinated an Iraqi oppositionist living there. In and results from a system of state-terror suc- response, Lebanon has broken diplomatic re- cessfully directed at subduing the population. lations with Iraq. In other terrorist attacks The Special Rapporteur repeated his rec- during this period, 10 persons were injured, ommendation for the establishment of including 6 U.N. guards. In total, there have human rights monitors strategically located been eight incidents of attacks on U.N. to improve the flow of information and to guards in Iraq since January 1994. Neither provide independent verification of reports. now, nor in the past, has Iraq complied with We have stepped up efforts to press for the UNSCR 687’s requirement to refrain from deployment of human rights monitors and we committing or supporting any act of inter- strongly support their placement. The national terrorism. United Nations Human Rights Commission The Security Council maintained sanctions (UNHRC) has extended van der Stoel’s man- at its May 17 regular 60-day review of Iraq’s date for another year, asking for additional compliance with its obligations under rel- reports to the U.N. General Assembly in the evant resolutions. Despite ongoing lobbying fall and to the UNHRC in February 1995. efforts by the Iraqi government to convince The United States continues to work close- Security Council members to lift sanctions, ly with the United Nations and other organi- member countries were in agreement that zations to provide humanitarian relief to the Iraq is not in compliance with resolutions of people of northern Iraq. Iraqi government the Council, and that existing sanctions efforts to disrupt this assistance persist. We should remain in force without change.

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The sanctions regime exempt medicine serted value of about $1 billion. The United and, in the case of foodstuffs, requires only States Government continues to review that the U.N. Sanctions Committee be noti- about 100 claims by U.S. businesses for fu- fied of food shipments. The Sanctions Com- ture submission to the UNCC. The asserted mittee also continues to consider and, when value of U.S. corporate claims received to appropriate, approve requests to send to Iraq date is about $1.6 billion. materials and supplies for essential civilian United Nations Security Council Resolu- needs. The Iraqi government, in contrast, has tion 778 permits the use of a portion of fro- continued to maintain a full embargo against zen Iraqi oil assets to fund crucial U.N. activi- its northern provinces over the past 2 months ties concerning Iraq, including humanitarian and has acted to distribute humanitarian sup- relief, UNSCOM, and the Compensation plies throughout the country only to its sup- Commission. (The funds will be repaid, with porters and to the military. interest, from Iraqi oil revenues as soon as The Iraqi government has so far refused Iraqi oil exports resume). The United States to sell $1.6 billion in oil as previously author- is prepared to transfer to a U.N.-managed ized by the Security Council in UNSCRs 706 escrow account up to $200 million in frozen and 712. Talks between Iraq and the United Iraqi oil assets held in U.S. financial institu- Nations on implementing these resolutions tions, provided that U.S. transfers do not ex- ended unsuccessfully in October 1993. Iraq ceed 50 percent of the total amount trans- could use proceeds from such sales to pur- ferred or contributed by all countries. We chase foodstuffs, medicines, materials, and have transferred a total of about $124 million supplies for essential civilian needs of its pop- in such matching funds thus far. ulation, subject to U.N. monitoring of sales Iraq can rejoin the community of civilized and the equitable distribution of humani- nations only through democratic processes, tarian supplies (including to its northern respect for human rights, equal treatment of provinces). Iraqi authorities bear full respon- its people, and adherence to basic norms of sibility for any suffering in Iraq that results international behavior. Iraq’s government from their refusal to implement UNSCRs should represent all of Iraq’s people and be 706 and 712. committed to the territorial integrity and Proceeds from oil sales also would be used unity of Iraq. The Iraqi National Congress to compensate persons injured by Iraq’s un- (INC) espouses these goals, the fulfillment lawful invasion and occupation of Kuwait. of which would make Iraq a stabilizing force The U.N. Compensation Commission in the Gulf region. (UNCC) has received about 2.3 million I am fully determined to continue efforts claims so far with another 200,000 expected. to achieve Iraq’s full compliance with all rel- The United States Government has now filed evant U.N. Security Council resolutions. a total of 8 sets of individual claims with the Until that time, the United States will main- Commission, bringing U.S. claims filed to tain all the sanctions and other measures de- roughly 3,000 with a total asserted value of signed to achieve full compliance. over $205 million. The first panel of UNCC I am grateful for the support by the Con- Commissioners recently submitted its report gress of our efforts. on an initial installment of individual claims Sincerely, for serious personal injury or death. The Governing Council of the UNCC was ex- William J. Clinton pected to act on the panel’s recommenda- tions at its session in late May. NOTE: Identical letters were sent to Thomas S. With respect to corporate claims, the Foley, Speaker of the House of Representatives, United States Government filed its first and Robert C. Byrd, President pro tempore of group of claims with the UNCC on May 6. the Senate. This letter was released by the Office The filing consisted of 50 claims with an as- of the Press Secretary on June 7.

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Exchange With Reporters During a Q. The North Koreans didn’t turn up to Meeting With Mayor Jacques Chirac the armistice meeting today. Do you see that of Paris, France as a provocation? The President. Not particularly. They’ve June 7, 1994 argued about the armistice setup for some The President. Good morning. How are years on and off. I don’t—we’re not in a good you? It’s a wonderful city. It’s wonderful to position there, as you know. Our relation- be back. ships with them are not the best now because of this problem. And we’re proceeding with Bosnia the United Nations as we should. But I Q. Mr. President, do you think that the don’t—this doesn’t add any particular extra Bosnian Muslims should accept Akashi’s pro- element to it. posal for a 4-month ceasefire? The President. Well, we’d very much like NOTE: The President spoke at 10:51 a.m. in the U.S. Ambassador’s residence. In his remarks, he to see a cessation of the fighting, and we’re referred to Yasushi Akashi, Special Representative working on it. Ambassador Redman is here of the United Nations Secretary-General for the today, and I hope to have a chance to talk Former Yugoslavia, and Charles E. Redman, U.S. to him about it. I think I should defer any Special Envoy to the Conference on the Former other comments until I get a chance to get Yugoslavia. A tape was not available for verifica- a direct briefing. But we’re trying to work tion of the content of this exchange. out our schedule so I can see him today and get a firsthand account. Anything we can do to stop the fighting, Remarks With Prime Minister in my judgment, is a good thing. Edouard Balladur of France and an Exchange With Reporters in Paris France June 7, 1994 Q. Mr. President, how would you qualify the relationship between France and the The President. The Prime Minister and United States today, as you are in Paris? I had a very good meeting, and we just had The President. I think it’s very good. And a wonderful lunch. I think it will get better. We discussed a large number of topics. But the things I think I should emphasize Bosnia are first, our common commitment to com- Q. Mr. President, on Bosnia, is the French plete the GATT round and to continue the Government applying any kind of pressure work of involving and expanding trade as a on Washington to apply pressure on the Bos- way of promoting economic growth; second, nian Government to accept the peace plan our desire to use the G–7 meeting which is that is proposed—— coming up as a way of dealing with some The President. Well, I wouldn’t charac- of the difficult questions that the wealthier terize it in that way. We’re having discus- countries have to face in a global economy, sions—I just talked with the mayor about it. questions of labor standards, of environ- And I intend to meet with the Prime Min- mental protection, the question of how to ister and the President today, and of course, generate new jobs for our people. These are to speak to the Assembly. But all of us want questions that in many ways advance econo- to try to bring an end to the fighting and mies, if ever seriously discussed with one an- have a settlement which can be a part of a other. We are attempting to do that. comprehensive resolution to this. We also, of course, discussed our common concerns in the area of foreign policy. And North Korea we reaffirmed our determination to work to- Q. [Inaudible]—the North Koreans didn’t gether very closely on the question of Bosnia show up to the armistice meeting today, do to try to first encourage both sides to support you see that as a provocation? Mr. Akashi’s proposal for a ceasefire, and sec- The President. Excuse me, I didn’t—— ondly to support the work of the contact

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group in attempting to come up with an ap- great importance and strength of the friend- propriate division of territory, which can be ship between our two countries. the basis of a lasting settlement there. We intend to be as supportive as we can. We North Korea can work on the ceasefire, and we have to Q. Mr. President, did you discuss North await the final results of the contact group Korea at all, or sending a special emissary on the territorial recommendations. to Seoul? On balance, I felt it was a very good meet- The President. We did discuss North ing. I reaffirmed the support of the United Korea, of course. And I reaffirmed the posi- States for a stronger, a more integrated, more tion of the United States that the Security involved Europe in terms of security, politi- Council must take up this question and con- cal, and economic affairs. And in that regard, sider a sanctions resolution. the last point I would like to make is how I believe that the Prime Minister agrees pleased I am that 19 other nations have with that position. You might want to ask agreed to join France and the United States him, but I was very satisfied with the re- and the other NATO nations in the Partner- sponse with regard to North Korea. Of ship For Peace. This is very encouraging. We course, France’s position on this is pivotal, should have some joint exercises before the since it is one of the permanent members end of the year, which will put us on the of the Security Council. road to a more united Europe, in a very im- Prime Minister Balladur. I agree that portant security dimension. nonproliferation is an extremely important aim, both for the United States and for So these are the things we discussed. We France. And I assured the President of our discussed other things as well, but these are support for a Security Council resolution. the highlights from my point of view. I’d like to now have the Prime Minister say whatever Europe-U.S. Relations he wishes to say, and then perhaps we can The President. Is there a French ques- answer a question or two. tion? Prime Minister Balladur. The President Q. Yes, sir, thank you. Mr. Prime Minister, of the United States has just said, with great are you satisfied with President Clinton’s po- precision, exactly what we actually talked sition on Europe and the relations with about. And well, we agreed on the impor- France? Are you reassured after one year of tance of the fact that the trade negotiations American foreign policy about which we said should lead speedily to arrangements which that it was a rather uncertain one? would take into account the questions of Prime Minister Balladur. I am not reas- labor and social legislation in various parts sured, because I was not worried. I have full of the world. And the President suggested responsible confidence in the United States that we should ask experts to deal with these administration and President Clinton’s ad- problems, and I, of course, immediately ministration. Now, naturally, we don’t nec- agreed. essarily see everything exactly from the same Secondly, we stressed the importance for viewpoint, and the opposite would be ex- Europe and for the whole world of the nu- tremely surprising. But we do share the com- clear safety issue, with particular reference mon aim of peace and security worldwide. to the Ukraine, and steps that should be And I would like to add that I found in taken to ensure that the situation there President Clinton a great openness of mind should not get worse, which would also have and a great appreciation of European prob- an impact on a number of other European lems and the need that Europe should orga- countries. nize itself better, and indeed, he made this Those, I think, are the main points that point at the end of the luncheon. So I think we talked about. But in addition, we had a that most of the causes that could possibly very friendly conversation. If I may say so, already have led to difficulty in understand- Mr. President, I think we can say it was also ing each other’s viewpoint have, in fact, dis- a fruitful one. We, of course, reaffirmed the appeared.

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The President. Thank you. D-Day was the pivot point of the 20th cen- tury. It began Europe’s liberation. In ways NOTE: The President spoke at 3:20 p.m. at the great and small, the Allied victory proved Hotel Matignon. A tape was not available for ver- how democracy’s faith in the individual saved ification of the content of these remarks. democracy itself. From the daring of the French Resistance to the inventiveness of the Remarks to the French National soldiers on Omaha Beach, it proved what Assembly in Paris free nations can accomplish when they unite June 7, 1994 behind a great and noble cause. The remarkable unity among the Allies Mr. President, distinguished Deputies, during World War II, let us face it, reflected representatives of the people of France, it the life-or-death threat facing freedom. De- is a high honor for me to be invited here, mocracies of free and often unruly people along with my wife and our distinguished are more likely to rally in the face of that Ambassador, Pamela Harriman, to share with kind of danger. But our challenge now is to you this occasion. There is between our two unite our people around the opportunities of peoples a special kinship. After all, our two peace, as those who went before us united republics were born within a few years of against the dangers of war. each other. Overthrowing the rule of kings, Once in this century, as your President so we enthroned in their places common ideals: eloquently expressed, following World War equality, liberty, community, the rights of I, we failed to meet that imperative. After man. the Armistice, many Americans believed our For two centuries, our nations have given foreign threats were gone. America increas- generously to each other. France gave to our ingly withdrew from the world, opening the Founders the ideas of Montesquieu and way for high tariffs, for trade wars, for the Rousseau. And then Lafayette and Rocham- rise to fascism and the return of global war beau helped to forge those ideas into the re- in less than 20 years. ality of our own independence. For just as After World War II, America, France, and we helped to liberate your country in 1944, the other democracies did better. Led by vi- you helped to liberate our country two full sionary statesmen like Truman and Marshall, centuries ago. de Gaulle, Monnet, and others, we reached Your art and your culture have inspired out to rebuild our allies and our former en- countless Americans for that entire time, emies, Germany, Italy, and Japan, and to from Benjamin Franklin to John and Jac- confront the threat of Soviet expansion and queline Kennedy. In turn, we lent to you the nuclear power. Together, we founded revolutionary genius of Thomas Jefferson, NATO, we launched the Marshall plan, the the fiery spirit of Thomas Paine, and the lives General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, of so many of our young men when Europe’s and other engines of economic development. liberty was most endangered. And in one of history’s great acts of reconcili- This week you have given us yet another ation, France reached out to forge the Fran- great gift in the wonderful commemorations co-German partnership, the foundation of of the Allied landings at Normandy. I com- unity and stability in modern Western Eu- pliment President Mitterrand and all the rope. Indeed, the members of the European French people for your very generous hospi- Union have performed an act of political al- tality. I thank especially the thousands of chemy, a magical act that turned rubble into French families who have opened their renewal, suspicion into security, enemies into homes to our veterans. allies. Yesterday’s sights will stay with me for the Now we have arrived at this century’s third rest of my life, the imposing cliffs of Pointe moment of decision. The cold war is over. du Hoc, the parade of our Allied forces on Prague, Warsaw, Kiev, Riga, Moscow, and Utah Beach, the deadly bluffs at bloody many others stand as democratic capitals, Omaha, the rows upon rows of gravestones with leaders elected by the people. We are at our cemetery at Colleville. reducing nuclear stockpiles, and America and

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Russia no longer aim their nuclear missiles benefits when we, Europe and America, are at each other. Yet once again, our work is both strong and engaged. America wishes a far from finished. To secure this peace, we strong Europe, and Europe should wish a must set our sights on a strategic star. Here, strong America, working together. where America and our allies fought so hard To ensure that our own country remains to save the world, let that star for both of a strong partner, we are working hard at us, for Americans and for Europeans alike, home to create a new spirit of American re- be the integration and strengthening of a newal, to reduce our budget deficits, to re- broader Europe. vive our economy, to expand trade, to make It is a mighty challenge. It will require re- our streets safer from crime, to restore the sources. It will take years, even decades. It pillars of our American strength, work and will require us to do what is very difficult family and community, and to maintain our for democracies, to unite our people when defense presence in Europe. they do not feel themselves in imminent peril We also want Europe to be strong. That to confront more distant threats and to seize is why America supports Europe’s own steps challenging and exciting opportunities. Yet, so far toward greater unity, the European the hallowed gravestones we honored yester- Union, the Western European Union, and day speak to us clearly. They define the price the development of a European defense of failure in peacetime. They affirm the need identity. We now must pursue a shared strat- for action now. egy, to secure the peace of a broader Europe We can already see the grim alternative. and its prosperity. That strategy depends Militant nationalism is on the rise, transform- upon integrating the entire continent ing the healthy pride of nations, tribes, reli- through three sets of bonds: first, security gious and ethnic groups into cancerous prej- cooperation; second, market economics; and udice, eating away at states and leaving their third, democracy. people addicted to the political painkillers of To start, we must remain strong and safe violence and demagoguery, and blaming in an era that still has many dangers. To do their problems on others when they should so we must adapt our security institutions to be dedicated to the hard work of finding real meet new imperatives. America has reduced answers to those problems in reconciliation, the size of its military presence in Europe, in power-sharing, in sustainable develop- but we will maintain a strong force here. The ment. We see the signs of this disease from EU, the WEU, the Conference on Security the purposeful slaughter in Bosnia to the ran- and Cooperation in Europe, and other orga- dom violence of skinheads in all our nations. nizations must all play a larger role. I was We see it in the incendiary misuses of history pleased that NATO recently approved an and in the anti-Semitism and irredentism of American proposal to allow its assets to be some former Communist states. And beyond used by the WEU. To foster greater security Europe, we see the dark future of these cooperation all across Europe, we also need trends in mass slaughter, unbridled terror- to adapt NATO to this new era. ism, devastating poverty, and total environ- At the NATO summit in January, we mental and social disintegration. agreed to create the Partnership For Peace Our transatlantic alliance clearly stands at in order to foster security cooperation among a critical point. We must build the bonds NATO allies and the other states of Europe, among nations necessary for this time, just both former Warsaw Pact countries, states as we did after World War II. But we must of the former Soviet Union, and states not do so at a time when our safety is not directly involved in NATO for other reasons. And just threatened, just as after World War I. The 6 months later, this Partnership For Peace question for this generation of leaders is is a reality. No less than 19 nations have whether we have the will, the vision, and yes, joined, and more are on the way. Russia has the patience to do it. expressed an interest in joining. Let me state clearly where the United The Partnership will conduct its first mili- States stands. America will remain engaged tary exercises this fall. Imagine the trans- in Europe. The entire transatlantic alliance formation: Troops that once faced each other

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across the Iron Curtain will now work with Then, the contact group is working on a each other across the plains of Europe. map which can be the basis of a full and We understand the historical anxieties of final cessation of hostilities there. We must Central and Eastern Europe. The security of do all we can, once all parties have been those states is important to our own security. heard from, to secure that agreement. And we are committed to NATO’s expansion. And finally, let us not forget what has hap- At the same time, as long as we have the pened to make that more likely, and that is chance, the chance to create security co- that Russia has been brought into the process operation everywhere in Europe, we should of attempting to resolve this terrible crisis not abandon that possibility anywhere. in what so far has been a very positive way, There are signs that such an outcome may pointing the way toward a future in which be possible. Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and we may all be able to work together to solve Belarus have now committed to eliminate all problems like this over a period of time. We the nuclear weapons on their soil. And by must be patient. We must understand that this August we may well see all Russian we do not have total control of events within troops withdrawn from Eastern Europe and every nation. But we have made progress in the Baltics for the first time since the end Bosnia, and we must keep at it, working to- of World War II. gether, firmly together, with patience and firmness, until the job is done. We can do Do these developments guarantee that we this if we stay together and work together. can draw all the former Communist states The best way to sustain this sort of co- into the bonds of peaceful cooperation? No. operation is to support the evolution of Eu- But we would fail our own generation and rope across the board. We must also have those to come if we did not try. an economic dimension to this. We must sup- Do these arrangements mean we can solve port Europe’s East in their work to integrate all the problems? No, at least not right away. into the thriving market democracies. That The most challenging European security brings me to the second element of our strat- problem and the most heartbreaking human- egy of integration. Integration requires the itarian problem is, of course, Bosnia. We successful transition to strong market econo- have not solved that problem, but it is impor- mies all across broader Europe. tant to recognize what has been done, be- Today, the former Communist states face cause France, the United States, Great Brit- daunting transitions. Our goal must be to ain, and others have worked together help them succeed, supporting macro- through the United Nations and through economic reforms, providing targeted assist- NATO. Look what has been done. First, a ance to privatization, increasing our bonds determined and so far successful effort has of trade and investment. That process invari- been made to limit that conflict to Bosnia, ably will proceed slowly and, of course, un- rather than having it spread into a wider Bal- evenly. It will depend in part on what hap- kan war. Second, the most massive humani- pens within those countries. We have seen tarian airlift in history has saved thousands voters in former Communist states cast bal- of lives, as has the UNPROFOR mission, in lots in a protest against reform and its pain. which France has been the leading contribu- Yet as long as these states respect democratic tor of troops. We have prevented the war processes, we should not react with too much from moving into the air. We have seen an alarm. The work of reform will take years agreement between the Bosnian Muslims and decades. and the Croats. Progress has been made. Despite many problems the economic re- What remains to be done? Today the forms in Europe’s East have still been im- United Nations has put forward the proposal pressive. Russia’s private sector now employs by Mr. Akashi for a cessation of hostilities 40 percent of the work force, and 50 million for a period of several months. The United Russians have become shareholders in States supports this program; France sup- privatizing companies. In Prague last Janu- ports this proposal. We must do all we can ary, I said the West needed to support such to get both sides to embrace it. reforms by opening our markets as much as

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possible to the exports of those nations. For aggressors as it respects the bright hopes of if our new friends are not able to export their free citizens. goods, they may instead export instability, Together, our two nations and others have even against their own will. launched a major effort to support democ- We can also support other reforms by racy in the former Communist states. stimulating global economic growth. One of Progress will not come overnight. There will the most important advances toward that goal be uneven developments, but already we see in recent years has been the new GATT encouraging and sometimes breathtaking re- agreement. It will create millions of jobs. sults. We have seen independent television France played an absolutely pivotal role in stations established where once only the bringing those talks to fruition. I know it was state’s version of the truth was broadcast. a difficult issue in this country. I know it re- We’ve seen thousands of people from the quired statesmanship. I assure you it was not former Communist world, students, bankers, an easy issue in the United States. We have political leaders, come to our nations to learn issues left to resolve. But now that we have the ways and the uses of freedom. We’ve opened the door to history’s most sweeping seen new constitutions written and new trade agreement, let us keep going until it states founded around the principles that in- is done. My goal is for the United States Con- spired our own republics at their birth. Ulti- gress to ratify the GATT agreement this year mately, we need to foster democratic bonds and to pursue policies through the G–7 that not only within these former Communist can energize all our economies. states but also among our states and theirs. We have historically agreed among the G– There is a language of democracy spoken 7 nations that we will ask each other the hard among nations. It is expressed in the way we questions: What can we do to promote eco- work out our differences, in the way we treat nomic growth and job creation? What kind each other’s citizens, in the way we honor of trade policies are fair to the working peo- each other’s heritages. It is the language our ple of our countries? How can we promote two republics have spoken with each other economic growth in a way that advances sus- for over 200 years. It is the language that tainable development in the poorer countries the Western Allies spoke during the Second of the world so that they do not squander World War. their resources and, in the end, assure that Now we have the opportunity to hear the all these endeavors fail? These are pro- language of democracy spoken across this en- foundly significant questions. They are being tire continent. And if we can achieve that asked in a multilateral forum for the first goal, we will have paid a great and lasting time in a serious way. And this is of great tribute to those from both our countries who significance. fought and died for freedom 50 years ago. In the end, no matter what we do with Nearly 25 years after D-Day, an American security concerns or what we do with eco- veteran who had served as a medic in that nomic concerns, the heart of our mission invasion returned to Normandy. He strolled must be the same as it was on Normandy’s down Omaha Beach, where he had landed beaches a half a century ago, that is, democ- in June of 1944, and then walked inland a racy. For after all, democracy is the glue that ways to a nearby village. There, he knocked can cement economic reforms and security on a door that seemed familiar. A French- cooperation. That is why our third goal must woman answered the door and then turned be to consolidate Europe’s recent democratic suddenly and called to her husband. ‘‘He’s gains. back. The American doctor is back,’’ she This goal resonates with the fundamental called. After a moment, the husband arrived, ideals of both of our republics. It is, after carrying a wine bottle covered with dust and all, how we got started. It also serves our cobwebs. ‘‘Welcome, Doctor,’’ he cried. ‘‘In most fundamental security interests, for de- 1944, we hid this bottle away for the time mocracy is a powerful deterrent; it checks when you would return. Now let us cele- the dark ambitions of would-be tyrants and brate.’’

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Well, this week, that process of joyous re- we solved all the problems? No. But I’m opti- discovery and solemn remembrance hap- mistic, especially after this trip. pened all over again. It unfolded in countless [At this point, a question was asked and reunions, planned and unplanned. As our President Franc¸ois Mitterrand answered in people renewed old bonds, let us also join French, but the translation was incomplete.] to resume the timeless work that brought us here in the first place and that brought our forebears together 200 years ago, the work Bosnia of fortifying freedom’s foundation and build- Q. I’d like to ask President Clinton a ques- ing a lasting peace for generations to come. tion, hoping that—[inaudible]—problem— I believe we can do it. It is the only ultimate [inaudible]—President of your country—[in- tribute we can give for the ultimate lesson audible]—and he said that after 1919—[in- of World War II and Normandy. audible]—everything seems possible today. Thank you. Thank you very much. [Inaudible]—are coming out of a long period of—[inaudible]—this is the best—[inaudi- NOTE: The President spoke at 5:13 p.m. at the ble]—perhaps one day he might ask your Palais Bourbon. boys to intervene again, for instance, in Bos- nia? President Clinton. I do think the situa- Interview With the French Media in tion is similar to 1919, not the same but simi- Paris lar. But the difference is that in 1919, Europe June 7, 1994 did not unite and the United States with- drew. In 1994, Europe is growing together Europe in terms of the economy and the political sys- Q. Are you disappointed with Europe tem and the security system, and the United today as opposed to the kind of determina- States is still actively engaged in Europe. tion it showed 50 years ago? Are there circumstances under which we President Clinton. No. No, because I might commit American troops? Absolutely, don’t think the two situations are easily com- there are. First of all, we still have a NATO parable; it’s not the same thing. I think the commitment, which we intend to honor. Sec- real question is, how is Europe today as com- ondly, we have already put our pilots at the pared with after the Second World War or disposal of NATO in Bosnia in enforcing the after the First World War? And I think the no-fly zone and in having the airlift for hu- answer is, we’re doing much better than we manitarian reasons. We have troops in—— did after the First World War, in a roughly Q. [Inaudible]—more on the ground? similar time, with a lot of uncertainty in the President Clinton. Well, we have troops world but where no one’s security seems to in Macedonia also to limit the conflict. We be immediately at risk. have said we would put in troops to enforce I see Europe coming together politically, an agreement if an agreement was made but economically, in terms of security. I see more that we did not believe the United States cooperation with the United States economi- should go into Bosnia to try to resolve the cally with GATT, in terms of security with conflict in favor of one side or the other. And NATO and the Partnership For Peace. I see I think if we were involved there now in the us working together to try to deal with the U.N. mission, it would only make for more problem of Bosnia. I know it has not been controversy and increase the likelihood of the solved, but after all, some progress has been international community being pulled into made. The conflict has been limited. The the conflict. Croatians and the Muslims have made an If we can get the parties to agree—and agreement. We are on the verge of getting I think President Mitterrand and I agree on a recommended territorial settlement from this—if we can get the parties to agree to our contact group. a settlement, then the United States is pre- So I think that Europe is on the way to pared to work with our allies to make sure a better situation in the 21st century. Have that settlement is honored.

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[President Mitterrand then responded in with our friends in Africa the prospect of an French, and two additional questions were African force, which we would help to fi- asked and answered in French, and trans- nance and which we would also support with lations were not provided.] personnel equipment and other armored equipment and other transportation assist- Algeria ance. We are in a position to help there, and Q. [In French; translation not provided.] I think we should. President Clinton. Let me make sure I But I think many of the African nations understand your question by restating our are interested in trying to provide troops and position. We have tried to support the cur- helping to provide the manpower in that re- rent government in working with France, for gion. I think that is about all we can do at example, to reschedule their debt. But we this time when we have troops in Korea, have also encouraged this government to troops in Europe, the possibility of new com- reach out to dissident groups who are not mitments in Bosnia if we can achieve a peace involved in terrorism, who disavow terrorism. agreement, and also when we are working We have had some very low-level contacts very hard to try to put the U.N. agreement with people who, themselves, have not been in Haiti back on track, which was broken. involved in terrorism. We don’t support peo- However, we do want very much to try ple who pursue violent means like that any- to help in Rwanda. And we are prepared to where, and we won’t. help to finance it and to provide the armored We hope that the present Algerian govern- support necessary if the African nations will ment will be able to broaden its base and provide the troops. I don’t think it would take reach out and deal with those with whom all that many troops to stop a lot of this fight- it has difficulties, who feel shut out, but who ing if several African nations would go in to- are committed to a peaceful resolution of gether and do it. these problems. A question was asked, and President Mitter- We are very concerned about the rise of [ rand answered in French, and a translation militant fundamentalism in the Islamic was not provided. states. And the potential is enormous. There ] are—17 of the 22 Islamic states in the world President Clinton. If I might make one have declining incomes. Seventy percent of point about that. One of the things we the Muslims in the world today are young learned in Somalia, where we were able to people. The potential for explosion is great. save hundreds of thousands of lives and And we have a great stake in promoting gov- where we lost some of our people, most of ernments like the Moroccan government, for them in one unfortunate incident, was that example. King Hassan has run a very respon- even a humanitarian mission will inevitably sible regime, has been helpful in peace in be caught up in the politics of a country, un- the Middle East, in many other ways. And less people are starving and dying because we share the concern that the French have of a natural disaster. If there is not a natural for the potential of the situation in Algeria disaster causing all this human misery, then getting out of hand. But what the United there is some politics behind people dying. States wants to do is to stand up against ter- So in this case, where it’s even more obvi- rorism and against destructive fundamental- ous, that is, Rwanda—even more obvious ism, but to stand with the people of Islam what the political and military problems are who wish to be full members of the world than in Somalia—I think the U.N. was very community, according to the rules that all wise in asking the African countries to take civilized people should follow. the lead because they will be there over the long run. That is where the partnerships Rwanda must be built. That is where the national ter- Q. [In French; translation not provided.] ritorial boundaries must be respected. And President Clinton. No, but we’re willing countries like France and the United States to help. We have already offered several mil- should support them. But I think this is an lion dollars in aid. And we have discussed important test for them. And if they can do

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it, it will mean much more over the long run new countries. Now, we have a big stake in to Africa. their success, also Eastern Europe. A lot of Q. [In French; translation not provided.] what needs to be done is in the way of assur- President Clinton. Yes. ing the success of their private economies [At this point, two questions were asked, and and getting more investment and trade going. President Mitterrand answered in French, But I think we should—all the countries and a translation was not provided.] of the West need to be very concerned that now that communism is gone, what rises up International Economy in its place succeeds. You don’t want them President Clinton. I think this rec- to go back to sort of a precommunist state ommendation grows out of the work Mr. of almost hostility toward the rest of the Delors has been doing about the problem world. So the market economy has to begin of growth in Europe and generating jobs. to take hold there and has to succeed for And this is a problem, of course, that we will ordinary people. And we should help it do be taking up in another month when the G– that. 7 meets in Naples, discussing this. There are [A question was asked and President Mitter- many people, thoughtful people, who believe rand answered in French, and a translation that there is a disconnection, if you will, be- was not provided.] tween the real economy—that is, the econ- omy in which people get up and go to work International Economy every day—and what happens in the financial markets and that perhaps the financial mar- Q. [In French; translation not provided.] kets overreact to a little bit of growth, run President Clinton. Well, first of all, let the interest rates up, and then shut growth me say that there is no simple answer to this. off before there is a real danger of inflation. The United States has somewhat more flexi- So this is something which ought to be dis- ble labor markets than most European coun- cussed. tries inasmuch as the unemployment bene- Now, whether there could ever be an eco- fits, for example, are less generous and the nomic security council, I don’t know. Keep average payroll cost, over and above wages, in mind the Security Council of the U.N. tends to be lower. That may be one of the deals with a whole range of different issues reasons that even with a relatively open econ- on a case-by-case basis. We would have to omy, we have a lower unemployment rate. think, what would the jurisdiction be; what But keep in mind, we pay a price for that. could be done? We have lower unemployment, but we also But what Mr. Delors is doing, as he nor- have had very little growth in wages over the mally does, is asking us to think hard about last 20 years. And the inequality, the gap in a real problem for which there is presently earnings between the richest Americans and no response in the global community. So I the middle class has been growing. And that’s applaud him, but I can’t say I have thought not a good thing for democracy. it through enough to endorse the idea. So I think what I hope we can do through the G–7, and perhaps through the OECD, Foreign Aid is to really look at what all of us do individ- Q. [In French; translation not provided.] ually about this problem, and see if we can President Clinton. Well, we’re prepared reach the best conclusion about how you can to invest quite a lot in it. We have brought maximize employment and still be fair to down our defense budget quite a lot, from middle-income earners. my point of view, as much as I think we Let me also say that I think over the long should cut it. So I’m having discussions with run, we will have to involve these labor ques- my Congress now, asking them not to cut tions and environmental questions in our the defense budget any more and also to pro- trade dealings with the developing nations. vide good increases in aid to many of the That is, they should want not only investment states of the former Soviet Union, not simply from our countries and us to buy their prod- Russia but also Ukraine and other of those ucts but also they should want the wage base

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in their own countries to grow at a reasonable President Clinton. I like that. [Laughter] rate. [President Mitterrand then responded in American Political System French, and a translation was not provided.] Q. [In French; translation not provided.] President Clinton. Well, perhaps, al- Media Criticism though the American people are more jeal- Q. [In French; translation not provided.] ous of their executive power. I think if they President Clinton. Well, let me say, every lengthen the term of the President, they time I’m in Paris, I love being here. And yes- would only let him serve one term. terday, when I heard President Mitterrand Four years has really, normally has been make his wonderful speech, I envied the enough. Now, in my case, there was really French. But I love my country. I don’t like no honeymoon; I mean, they started cam- everything about our political system. And if paigning immediately after I took office. But you have a very broad range of freedom of that’s all part of it. I still think the more im- speech, sometimes that freedom is abused, portant thing is to keep sharply focused on not only in getting into areas that shouldn’t achieving results for the people you rep- be gotten into, but sometimes you don’t even resent. have the truth. There are pluses and minuses to every sys- But that’s just all part of it. I trust that, tem; there is no perfect political system. The in the end, that our democracy will work its challenge of democracy today is to mobilize way through this. And all I can do is get up people’s energies enough to get things done. every day and do my job for the American The real problem is, everywhere in countries, people. I do the very best I can every day, there are so many forces working against and I’ll let them worry about the attacks on doing anything when what we need to do is me. If I weren’t trying to change the country, to move on these problems, not just to talk if I weren’t trying to do things that I believe about them but to do things. And that has will advance our country, then the people been my whole orientation. who oppose me wouldn’t be attacking me, personally or otherwise. So I take it as a com- President’s Goals pliment and go on. Q. [In French; translation not provided.] Q. [In French; translation not provided.] President Clinton. Well, I have a pretty President Clinton. Yes. Well, I want my thick hide. You have to have a high pain country to go into the 21st century still strong threshold to be in politics in America today. and healthy, not just economically but spir- But I say—on the book there, if people don’t itually. I want us to have stronger commu- like my process—I like to get people together nities. I want us to be together, even though around a table and let everybody say what we’re very diverse. And I want us to be en- they want and argue and debate and fight. gaged in the world, leading, playing a positive And I think that’s the way ideas get fleshed role. That is what I want. I think that’s what out in a new and difficult time. I don’t think we all want. That’s what democracy should you can have a hidebound decisionmaking be able to produce in this time. process when you’re entering a world where no one has the answers. Hillary Clinton But I’ll say this, let my critics answer the Q. [In French; translation not provided.] results: We have 3.3 million jobs in 16 President Clinton. I don’t know. She’s a months; the unemployment rate is down over very able person. But she always told me, a point and a half; the growth rate is up. Let as long as we’ve been together, that she never them criticize my economic decisionmaking. wanted to run for office herself, that that was We produce results. That’s all that matters. never one of the—she loves many jobs. And The American people are better off, and she works like crazy. She works very hard we’re going in the right direction. And so I on things that she passionately believes in. can stand criticism if the results are there. But from the first time I met her, she always Q. [In French; translation not provided.] said she never wanted to run for elected of-

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fice. The more I do it, the more I understand mocracy, working to strengthen the NATO why. [Laughter] Alliance and to unify Europe through the [A question was asked, and President Mitter- Partnership For Peace, cooperating to ad- rand answered in French, and a translation dress the most difficult and painful conflicts was not provided.] of this era. Mr. President, the United States supports a strong Europe, an integrated Eu- Q. [In French; translation not provided.] rope, a Europe with political and economic President Clinton. Thank you. and security unity and singleness of purpose Q. [In French; translation not provided.] with its appreciation of diversity. President Clinton. Bill, Mr. President, ei- We wish to be partners with you in the ther one. common struggles of the 21st century. The Q. [In French; translation not provided.] fact that we have sometimes a difficult part- President Clinton. You know more about nership makes it all the more interesting and that than I do. also makes some things in life less necessary. Thank you. Our wonderful Founding Father, Ben- jamin Franklin, once said, ‘‘Our enemies are NOTE: The interview began at 8:05 p.m. at the our friends, for they show us our faults.’’ Elyse´e Palace with Patrick Poivre d’Arvor, TF1, and Christine Ockrent, FRANCE 2 television. In Sometimes with the French and the Ameri- his remarks, the President referred to Jacques cans we no longer need enemies. [Laughter] Delors, President, European Commission. But it is always in the spirit of goodwill and brotherhood. I can honestly say that with every passing Remarks at a Dinner Hosted by day of my Presidency I come to appreciate President Franc¸ois Mitterrand in France more, the strength, the will, the vi- Paris sion, the possibilities of genuine partnership. June 7, 1994 I think it is our common destiny, as you al- luded, Mr. President, to see that our coun- Mr. President, Madame Mitterrand, Mr. tries remain forever young, forever restless, Prime Minister, Madame Balladur, distin- forever questing, forever looking for new hills guished citizens of France, my fellow Ameri- to climb, new challenges to meet, new prob- cans, and honored guests, this week, as our lems to solve. two nations mark the 50th anniversary of D- As I was preparing for this visit, I was given Day and the battles of World War II, I’m something by another of America’s greatest glad to have this chance to note the special admirers of your nation, our Ambassador, place France will always have in America’s Mrs. Harriman, She sent me a poem com- heart. So many of our greatest sons and posed in memory of the gallant soldiers who daughters have shared that attachment. Our died on D-Day, from the members of the first two ministers to this great land were Allied effort to storm the beaches of Nor- Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson. mandy to the shadow warriors of the French Franklin Roosevelt loved France. So did John Resistance and the Free French army, with- and Jacqueline Kennedy. out whom Europe would not be free today. As President, every day as I go to work Here it is: I am reminded of the bonds between our Went the day well. two nations. The park across the street from We died and never knew. the White House is Lafayette Park. No statue But well or ill, in all of Washington stands closer to the Oval Freedom, we died for you. Office itself than that of Rochambeau. Today Mr. President, the United States and we’re building new bonds between our re- France are destined forever to be the bea- publics as we work together to address the cons of freedom for the entire world. Please great endeavors of our time, many of which join me now in a toast to the democratic spirit the President has already outlined, building of our beloved nations, to the heroes of D- bridges toward the East, opening the world Day whose sacrifices we came to honor, and markets, doing what we can to support de- to the proposition that the spirit of liberty

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should burn forever brightly in the hearts of on intimidation, in your presence. I thought all the people of France and the United if there was one place in the world I could States of America. come and give a speech in the proper lan- guage, it was here, and then I heard the de- NOTE: The President spoke at 10:19 p.m. in the gree ceremony. [Laughter] And sure enough, Salle des Fetes at the Elyse´e Palace. In his re- once again at Oxford I was another Yank a marks, he referred to Danielle Mitterrand, wife of President Mitterrand; Marie Joseph Balladur, half step behind. [Laughter] wife of Prime Minister Balladur; and U.S. Ambas- This week the world has taken a profound sador to France Pamela Harriman. journey of remembrance. Here in Great Brit- ain, in the United States and France and Italy, all around the world we have reflected Statement on Assistance to California on a time when the sheer will of freedom’s June 7, 1994 forces changed the course of this century. Many of you in this room, including my Californians have been working extraor- good friend, the former warden of Rhodes dinarily hard to get their homes, their busi- House, Sir Edgar Williams, who is here with nesses, and their lives back to normal. This me today, played a major role in that great is creating unexpected and unprecedented combat. It was a great privilege and honor need for assistance from the Federal Govern- for me to represent the United States in pay- ment. This recommendation should assure ing tribute to all the good people who fought the people of southern California that our and won World War II, an experience I have commitment to help them get back on their never had the like of and one which has pro- feet remains strong and unwavering. foundly deepened my own commitment to the work the people of the United States NOTE: The President’s statement was included in have entrusted to me. a statement by Press Secretary Dee Dee Myers on the President’s request to Congress for addi- I am also deeply honored by this degree tional funds to assist the State of California in the you have bestowed on me, as well as the hon- wake of the earthquake earlier this year. orary fellowship I received from my college today. I must say that, as my wife pointed out, I could have gotten neither one of these Remarks on Receiving a Doctorate in things on my own. [Laughter] I had to be Civil Law from Oxford University in elected President to do it—with her help. In- Oxford, United Kingdom deed, it was suggested on the way over here June 8, 1994 that if women had been eligible for the Rhodes Scholarship in 1968, I might be on Thank you very much, Chancellor, distin- my way home to Washington tonight at this guished members of the university commu- very moment. [Laughter] nity. I must say that it was quite easy for I am profoundly grateful for this chance me to take the chancellor’s gentle ribbing to be with you and for this honor, not only about the Presidency, since he is probably because of the wonderful opportunity I had the only chancellor of this great university to live and study here a quarter century ago ever to have written a biography of an Amer- but because of the traditions, the achieve- ican President. I thank you for your biog- ments, the spirit of discovery, and the deep raphy of President Truman and for your lead- inspiration of this noble university. Even in ership and for honoring me. a country so steeped in history, there are few You know, as I walked today through the institutions as connected to the past as Ox- streets of Oxford with my wife and with my ford. Every ritual here, no matter how small, classmate, now the Secretary of Labor in our has a purpose, reminding us that we must administration, Mr. Reich, who is here, it be part of something larger than ourselves, seemed almost yesterday when I first came heirs to a proud legacy. here. And I remembered when I walked in Yet Oxford could hardly be called back- this august building today how I always felt ward-looking. Over the centuries, as a center a mixture of elation and wariness, bordering of inquiry and debate, this great university

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has been very much involved in the action before us united against the dangers of war and passion of its time. Just listen outside and oppression. The great Oxford don Sir here: everything from disputes over battles Isaiah Berlin once said, ‘‘Men do not live only to the nature of the Italian Government to by fighting evils; they live by positive goals, the character of the word ‘‘skinhead’’— a vast variety of them, seldom predictable, [laughter]—is being debated even as we are at times incompatible.’’ here. History does not always give us grand cru- This university has been very much com- sades, but it always gives us opportunities. mitted to passing on our legacy to yet another It is time to bring a spirit of renewal to the generation. Our first obligation is what I have work of freedom—to work at home to tap been doing here this week: It is remem- the full potential of our citizens, to strength- brance—to know how we came to be what en our families and communities, to fight in- we are we have all learned again this week difference and intolerance; and beyond our in reflecting on the uncommon valor and the borders, to keep our nations strong so that utter loss that bought us 50 years of freedom. we can create a new security, here especially, I know I speak for everyone in this theater when I say, again, a profound thank you to all across Europe; to reverse the environ- the generation which won World War II. We mental destruction that feeds the civil wars can never forget what was done for us. Our in Africa; to halt the spread of nuclear weap- memories of that sacrifice will be forever ons and terrorism; to light the lives of those alive. still dwelling in the darkness of undemocratic But our obligations surely go beyond rule. memory. After all, when the soldiers of D- Our work in this world, all of it, will surely Day broke through at Normandy, when the take all of our lifetimes and more. But we sons and daughters of democracy carried on must keep at it, working together with steadi- their struggle for another half-century, win- ness and wisdom, with ingenuity and simple ning the cold war against the iron grip of faith. To those of you here in this ancient totalitarian repression, they fought not for temple of learning and those beyond who are the past but for the present and the future. of a younger generation, I urge you to join And now it falls to us to use that hard-won this work with enthusiasm and high hope. freedom, to follow through in this time, ex- This week, at the gravesites of the genera- panding democracy, security, prosperity, tion that fought and died to make us the chil- fighting bigotry, terrorism, slaughter, and dren of their sacrifice, I promised that we chaos around the world. would be the new pathfinders, lighting the There are—make no mistake about it— way in a new and still uncertain age, striving forces of disintegration at work in the world in peace as they struggled in war. There is today, and to some extent even within our no greater tribute to give to those who have own countries, that could rob our children gone before than to build for those who fol- of the bright future for which so many of low. Surely, that is the timeless mission of our parents gave their lives. freedom and civilization itself. It is what There are also, to be sure, forces of hu- binds together the past, the present, and the manity in progress which, if they prevail, could bring human history to its highest point future. It is our clear duty, and we must do of peace and prosperity. At this rare moment, our best to fulfill it. we must be prepared to move forward, for Thank you very much for this wonderful in the end, the numberless sacrifices of our day. forebears brought us to precisely this, an age in which many threats to our very existence NOTE: The President spoke at 3:32 p.m. in the have been brought under control for the mo- Sheldonian Theater. In his remarks, he referred ment. to the Rt. Hon. Lord Jenkins of Hillhead, chan- So what shall we do with the moment? Our cellor of the university. challenge is to unite our people around the opportunities of peace, as those who went

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Message to the Congress on Nomination for Federal Judges Elections in South Africa June 8, 1994 June 8, 1994 The President announced today the nomi- To the Congress of the United States: nations of four individuals as Federal judges. Pursuant to sections 4(a)(2) and 5(b)(1) of He nominated James L. Dennis to the U.S. the South African Democratic Transition Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and Support Act of 1993 (Public Law 103–149; announced the following U.S. District Court 22 U.S.C. 5001 note), I hereby certify that nominees: Napoleon A. Jones, Jr., for the an interim government, elected on a non- Southern District of California; David F. racial basis through free and fair elections, Hamilton for the Southern District of Indi- has taken office in South Africa. ana; and Sarah S. Vance for the Eastern Dis- trict of Louisiana. William J. Clinton ‘‘Each of these individuals has dem- The White House, onstrated both excellence in the legal profes- June 8, 1994. sion and commitment to public service,’’ the President said.

Message to the Congress Reporting NOTE: Biographies of the nominees were made available by the Office of the Press Secretary. Budget Deferrals June 8, 1994 Statement on Congressional Action To the Congress of the United States: on Health Care Reform In accordance with the Congressional June 9, 1994 Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, I herewith report two revised deferrals Today is an historic day. The Senate Labor of budget authority, now totaling $555.2 mil- and Human Resources Committee has be- lion. come the first full congressional committee The deferrals affect the Department of to report out a health care reform bill. The Agriculture. The details of the two revised action of Chairman Kennedy’s committee deferrals are contained in the attached re- gives me great confidence that Congress will port. pass legislation this year that meets the ex- pectation of the American people: guaran- William J. Clinton teed private insurance for every American The White House, that can never be taken away. Once again, June 8, 1994. Chairman Kennedy has demonstrated the leadership that has made him a driving force in the fight for quality health care for the Message to the Congress last three decades. Transmitting the Report of the Under the leadership of Chairman Moy- Commodity Credit Corporation nihan, the Senate Finance Committee is June 8, 1994 moving. Chairman Moynihan is committed to achieving universal coverage and bringing To the Congress of the United States: legislation to the American people this year. In accordance with the provisions of sec- For the first time in our history, commit- tion 13, Public Law 806, 80th Congress (15 tees in both the Senate and the House are U.S.C. 714k), I transmit herewith the report seriously moving forward on health care re- of the Commodity Credit Corporation for fis- form. While much work remains, today’s ac- cal year 1992. tions prove that the job will be done. The momentum demonstrated in the House and William J. Clinton Senate this week is heartening to me and all The White House, Americans who want and deserve real health June 8, 1994. security.

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Remarks Announcing Additional was the case prior to that time. They stand Sanctions Against Haiti ready to review further cases and represent June 10, 1994 the safest and fastest way for Haitians to seek refuge. Good afternoon. Today I want to have Bill Now I’d like to ask Bill Gray, who stepped Gray, our Special Adviser on Haiti, announce into this very difficult role and has used great two new steps that are necessary to intensify skill to make real progress, to explain these the pressure on that country’s military lead- new steps which we’re announcing today. ers, a ban on commercial air traffic and sanc- tions on financial transactions. NOTE: The President spoke at 12:22 p.m. in the Briefing Room at the White House. As Bill Gray will explain, these steps rep- resent an important new stage in our efforts to restore democracy and return President Remarks in a Telephone Aristide to Haiti. The message is simple: De- Conversation With mocracy must be restored; the coup must not Senator Edward M. Kennedy endure. June 10, 1994 In the past month, we have taken steps to advance the interests of the Haitian people The President. Hello. and the United States. Our national interests, Senator Kennedy. Mr. President. to help democracy thrive in this hemisphere The President. How are you, Senator? and to protect the lives of thousands of Senator Kennedy. Well, real well, better Americans who live and work in Haiti, re- today than any other time we’ve been for a quire us to strengthen these efforts. long time. Your program is on track. We’ve Under our leadership, comprehensive got a lot of enthusiasm for it. People are ex- United Nations trade sanctions have gone cited. They know that for the first time in into force. To enforce these sanctions, we are the history of the country we’re going to get moving to assist the Dominican Republic to a chance to debate this. And your leadership seal its shared border with Haiti. The Do- and Mrs. Clinton’s leadership has just made minican Republic has agreed to welcome a an extraordinary difference. multilateral sanctions monitoring team to The President. Well, I thought you were help the Dominicans seal their border. terrific. I tell you, you and all the people that We’ve deployed U.S. naval patrol boats to voted with you in the committee are really the area to stop smugglers and have begun going to give the country a chance to have detaining ships suspected of violating the an honest debate about this now. There’s sanctions. We’ve also made important strides been an awful lot of charges and in dealing with the difficult issue of Haitians countercharges in the air and a lot of misin- who leave that country by sea. A facility to formation. But the fundamental fact is that interview Haitians who have been interdicted we’re now going to have a chance to decide will soon open in Jamaica. And one month as a nation whether we’re going to give health from now, we will open a second interview care coverage to all of our people in the con- facility on the Turks and Caicos Islands. I text that will enable us to bring some of the want to thank the governments of those costs down and keep some of the bad things countries and the U.N. High Commissioner from occurring that are happening today. for Refugees for their collaboration in this And I’m really elated about it. effort. Senator Kennedy. Well, I think the peo- I want to be clear about this issue. I con- ple are really beginning to sort of understand tinue to urge all Haitians to avoid risking that after all the posturing and statements their lives in treacherous boat voyages. Any- and speeches, that we are for the first time one who fears persecution should apply for going to have a chance to do something for refugee status at our facilities within Haiti. families in this country. And I think that’s Since our administration began, those offices really the good news. have arranged resettlement for some 3,000 The one thing that we have seen very, very Haitian political refugees, far, far more than clear in the last 2 weeks is that the politics

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of negativism and the politics of criticism and I know how you have worked to try and make the naysayers may be able to get attention sure they’re going to be there during the de- for the early rounds, but I just can’t believe bate on the floor. I think they will be. that that kind of attitude can last. I find in The President. We’ve just got to keep hit- traveling around Massachusetts, people are ting it. I’m ready if you are. asking, ‘‘If you’re against the program, what Senator Kennedy. Okay. Listen, it’s good are you really for?’’ And I think that the fact to—really appreciate you. We’re all looking that you’ve been out there day-in and day- forward to you coming back to Massachusetts out, fighting for something that’s going to sometime. make a difference for families, working fami- The President. Me, too. lies, is really making a difference. And we’ve Senator Kennedy. Particularly Patrick. had good conversations today and last night He said you had a good time up there with with Chairman Moynihan and a number of him the other day, too. the members of that committee this morning. The President. We really had a good time. And I know we’ve got a battle through there, And I was so pleased. He seemed to be doing but quite frankly, I think that this health pro- very well, and he seemed to be enjoying him- gram of yours has come to pass. self immensely. The President. Well, you were there a Senator Kennedy. Well, it was very kind. long time before anybody else. I still remem- I talked to the First Lady this morning, ber the speech you gave in Memphis in 1978. as well. So she’s already busy strategizing and And you convinced me we needed to get off moving along on the program. our dime and go to work. It’s just taken us The President. Thanks. 16 years to get a bill out of committee, but Senator Kennedy. Thanks an awful lot. I’m ready to roll. [Laughter] And the Amer- The President. All right, man. ican people are deeply in your debt, and we Senator Kennedy. Good to talk to you. now have a chance to do it. And I just want The President. Goodbye. Thank you, sir. to assure you, I’m going to do everything I Senator Kennedy. Thank you very much, can. Mr. President. I want to also say a special word of thanks The President. Bye-bye. to you for making the effort to reach out to Republicans and give them a chance to be NOTE: The President spoke at 1:48 p.m. from the part of the process. You and I know they’re Oval Office at the White House. In his remarks, under enormous partisan pressure not to par- he referred to Senator Kennedy’s son, Patrick. A ticipate. But Senator Jeffords voted with us tape was not available for verification of the con- yesterday, and many of the Republicans of- tent of these remarks. fered amendments and did other things that you gave them a chance to do. And I hope this will be eventually like Social Security and Remarks in a Telephone Medicare, where a number of them will fi- Conversation With Senator James M. nally come around in the end. And I think Jeffords they will, in part because you kept the door June 10, 1994 open and worked with them so carefully. Senator Kennedy. Well, just on that, on The President. Hello. the benefit package approach on it, we had Senator Jeffords. Hello, Jim Jeffords 17 to nothing, all the Republicans as well as here. the Democrats; and the long-term care, we The President. Hi, Senator. I just wanted are 15 to 2; on the privacy provisions that to thank you for your help yesterday and for are going to even fill in some of the abuses your leadership on the health care bill and that exist today, we had virtually unanimous to say especially how much I appreciate the support; the training programs, 11 to 6; the work you did to get the WIC program fully quality issues, which are so important, 13 to funded. I know how much it means to you 4. We picked up many Republicans on dif- and how much it’s going to do for the chil- ferent provisions of it. And I think, obviously, dren of this country.

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Senator Jeffords. Well, thank you, Mr. available for verification of the content of these President. I deeply appreciate that. And I remarks. want to thank you for your leadership. You got us going on this road, and I think with Senator Kennedy’s help, we took a big step Executive Order 12920—Prohibiting yesterday to getting our health care bill that Certain Transactions With Respect we all want. to Haiti The President. Well, I really appreciate the fact that you were willing to work with June 10, 1994 us and to vote for it. I know that some other Republicans offered some amendments and By the authority vested in me as President voted for some of the provisions of the health by the Constitution and the laws of the care bill in the committee, and I hope that United States of America, including the by the time we get around to voting on the International Emergency Economic Powers floor we’ll have a bill that can get some more Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National bipartisan support. I know they’re under a Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), lot of pressure not to vote for anything, but section 5 of the United Nations Participation I know that you have some colleagues who Act of 1945, as amended (22 U.S.C. 287c), agree with you and who will eventually put and section 301 of title 3, United States the interests of the country first just as you Code, and in order to take additional steps have done. with respect to the actions and policies of I’m just honored to be in this fight with the de facto regime in Haiti and the national you, and I think we have to keep working emergency described and declared in Execu- and reaching out to others and trying to tive Order No. 12775, it is hereby ordered broaden the base. And I know that’s what as follows: you want to do, too. Section 1. The following are prohibited, Senator Jeffords. I certainly do, and we except to the extent provided in regulations, made a big step in that direction yesterday. orders, directives, or licenses which may And Nancy Kassebaum and also Dave hereafter be issued pursuant to this order, Durenberger, with me, put an amendment and notwithstanding the existence of any in, and I think if we’d been able to pass it, rights or obligations conferred or imposed by it probably would have gotten on board. any international agreement or any contract And—— entered into or any license or permit granted The President. What was the amend- before the effective date of this order: (a) ment? Any payment or transfer of funds or other Senator Jeffords. ——it gave me con- financial or investment assets or credits to fidence that we’re going to be able to do it Haiti from or through the United States, or on the floor. And I’ve talked to a number to or through the United States from Haiti, of others. I’m confident that, again, when we except for: get on the Senate floor and with a little more (i) payments and transfers for the conduct tinkering, we’ll be able to get a good biparti- of activities in Haiti of the United States Gov- san bill for you. ernment, the United Nations, the Organiza- The President. Well, I’m ready to work tion of American States, or foreign diplo- with you. We can do it. We can do it. Thanks matic missions; to you, and I’ll never forget it. And let’s just (ii) payments and transfers between the keep working at it. United States and Haiti for the conduct of Senator Jeffords. Okay, thank you. And activities in Haiti of nongovernmental organi- I thank the First Lady for her call this morn- zations engaged in the provision in Haiti of ing. I deeply appreciated that, and it’s been essential humanitarian assistance as author- great working with her and Ira Magaziner. ized by the Secretary of the Treasury; They’re two wonderful people. (iii) payments and transfers from a United The President. Thanks. Have a good day. States person to any close relative of the re- NOTE: The President spoke at 1:54 p.m. in the mitter or of the remitter’s spouse who is resi- Oval Office at the White House. A tape was not dent in Haiti, provided that such payments

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do not exceed $50 per month to any one me by the International Emergency Eco- household, and that neither the de facto re- nomic Powers Act and the United Nations gime in Haiti nor any person designated by Participation Act, as may be necessary to the Secretary of the Treasury as a blocked carry out the purposes of this order. The Sec- individual or entity of Haiti is a beneficiary retary of the Treasury may redelegate any of the remittance; of these functions to other officers and agen- (iv) reasonable amounts of funds carried cies of the United States Government. All by travelers to or from Haiti to cover their agencies of the United States Government travel-related expense; and are hereby directed to take all appropriate (v) payments and transfers incidental to measures within their authority to carry out shipments to Haiti of food, medicine, medi- the provisions of this order, including sus- cal supplies, and informational materials ex- pension or termination of licenses or other empt from the export prohibitions of this authorizations in effect as of the effective order; date of this order. (b) The sale, supply, or exportation by Sec. 4. Nothing contained in this order United States persons or from the United shall create any right or benefit, substantive States, or using U.S.-registered vessels or air- or procedural, enforceable by any party craft, of any goods, technology, or services, against the United States, its agencies or in- regardless of origin, to Haiti, or for the pur- strumentalities, its officers or employees, or pose of any business carried on in or oper- any other person. ated from Haiti, or any activity by United Sec. 5. States persons or in the United States that (a) This order shall take effect at 11:59 promotes such sale, supply, or exportation, a.m., eastern daylight time on June 10, 1994. other than the sale, supply, or exportation (b) This order shall be transmitted to the of: Congress and published in the Federal Reg- (i) informational materials, such as books ister. and other publications, needed for the free William J. Clinton flow of information; or (ii) medicines and medical supplies, as au- The White House, thorized by the Secretary of the Treasury, June 10, 1994. and rice, beans, sugar, wheat flour, cooking [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, oil, corn, corn flour, milk, and edible tallow, 3:40 p.m., June 10, 1994] provided that neither the de facto regime in Haiti nor any person designated by the Sec- NOTE: This Executive order will be published in retary of the Treasury as a blocked individual the Federal Register on June 14. or entity of Haiti is a direct or indirect party to the transaction; or Message to the Congress on Haiti (iii) donations of food, medicine, and med- June 10, 1994 ical supplies intended to relieve human suf- fering; and To the Congress of the United States: (c) Any transaction by United States per- On October 4, 1991, pursuant to the Inter- sons that evades or avoids, or has the purpose national Emergency Economic Powers Act of evading or avoiding, or attempts to violate, (‘‘IEEPA’’) (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) and sec- any of the prohibitions set forth in this order. tion 301 of the National Emergencies Act Sec. 2. For the purposes of this order, the (‘‘NEA’’) (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), President definitions contained in section 3 of Execu- Bush exercised his statutory authority to issue tive Order No. 12779 apply to the terms used Executive Order No. 12775 of October 4, in this order. 1991, declaring a national emergency and Sec. 3. The Secretary of the Treasury, in blocking Haitian government property. consultation with the Secretary of State, is On October 28, 1991, pursuant to the hereby authorized to take such actions, in- above authorities, President Bush exercised cluding the promulgation of rules and regula- his statutory authority to issue Executive tions, and to employ all powers granted to Order No. 12779 of October 28, 1991, block-

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ing property of and prohibiting transactions United States from Haiti, with excep- with Haiti. tions for activities of the United States On June 30, 1993, pursuant to the above Government, the United Nations, the authorities, as well as the United Nations Organization of American States, or for- Participation Act of 1945, as amended eign diplomatic missions, certain pay- (‘‘UNPA’’) (22 U.S.C. 287c), I exercised my ments related to humanitarian assist- statutory authority to issue Executive Order ance in Haiti, limited family remit- No. 12853 of June 30, 1993, to impose addi- tances, funds for travel-related ex- tional economic measures with respect to penses, and payments incidental to ex- Haiti. This latter action was taken, in part, empt shipments of food, medicine, to ensure that the economic measures taken medical supplies, and informational ma- by the United States with respect to Haiti terials; would fulfill its obligations under United Na- —prohibits the sale, supply, or exportation tions Security Council Resolution 841 of by United States persons or from the June 16, 1993. United States, or using U.S.-registered On October 18, 1993, pursuant to the vessels or aircraft, of any goods, tech- IEEPA and the NEA, I again exercised my nology, or services to Haiti or in connec- statutory authority to issue Executive Order tion with Haitian businesses, or activities No. 12872 of October 18, 1993, blocking by United States persons or in the property of various persons with respect to United States that promote such sale, Haiti. supply, or exportation, except for the On May 6, 1994, the United Nations Secu- sale, supply, or exportation of informa- rity Council adopted Resolution 917, calling tional materials, certain foodstuffs, and on Member States to take additional meas- medicines and medical supplies; ures to tighten the embargo against Haiti. —prohibits any transaction that evades or On May 7, 1994, pursuant to the above au- avoids or has the purpose of evading or thorities, I exercised my statutory authority avoiding, or attempts to violate, any of to issue Executive Order No. 12914 of May the prohibitions of this order; and 7, 1994, to impose additional economic —authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury, measures with respect to Haiti. On May 21, in consultation with the Secretary of 1994, pursuant to the above authorities, I ex- State, to issue regulations implementing ercised my statutory authority to issue Execu- the provisions of the Executive order. tive Order No. 12917 of May 21, 1994, to The new Executive order is necessary to impose economic measures required by Res- tighten the embargo against Haiti with the olution 917. These latter actions were taken, goal of the restoration of democracy in that in part, to ensure that the economic meas- nation and the prompt return of the legiti- ures taken by the United States with respect mately elected President, Jean-Bertrand to Haiti would fulfill its obligations under the Aristide, under the framework of the Gov- provisions of United Nations Security Coun- ernors Island Agreement. cil Resolution 917. I am providing this notice to the Congress On June 10, 1994, pursuant to the above pursuant to section 204(b) of the IEEPA (50 authorities, I exercised my statutory authority U.S.C. 1703(b)) and section 301 of the NEA to issue Executive Order No. 12920 of June (50 U.S.C. 1631). I am enclosing a copy of 10, 1994, prohibiting additional transactions the Executive order that I have issued. with Haiti. This new Executive order: —prohibits payment or transfer of funds William J. Clinton or other assets to Haiti from or through The White House, the United States or to or through the June 10, 1994.

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Memorandum on Haiti June 4 In the morning, the President and Mrs. June 10, 1994 Clinton traveled from Rome, Italy, to Royal Air Force station Mildenhall, United King- Memorandum for the Secretary of dom, where they were greeted by Prime Transportation Minister John Major. They then traveled to Subject: Scheduled Air Service Ban the U.S. Cemetery at Cambridge, where the In furtherance of the international effort President visited the Wall of the Missing. to remove the de facto regime in Haiti and Later, the President and Mrs. Clinton trav- to restore the democratically elected Aristide eled to Chequers, the Prime Minister’s resi- government, I have taken certain steps in the dence in North Aylesbury. In the afternoon, the President traveled to Executive order that I issued today. Hartwell House, near Aylesbury. In the late In addition, I have determined that it is afternoon, the President and Hillary Clinton in the essential foreign policy interests of the traveled to Portsmouth where they were United States that additional action beyond greeted by Queen Elizabeth II aboard the that in Executive Order No. 12914 of May royal yacht H.M.Y. Britannia. Later they 7, 1994, be taken regarding transportation by traveled to Guildhall, Portsmouth, where air to Haiti. I have determined that, with re- they attended a dinner hosted by the Queen. spect to regularly scheduled commercial pas- Following the dinner, they returned to the senger flights of U.S. and Haitian air carriers, H.M.Y. Britannia, where they remained and except to the extent provided in regula- overnight. tions, orders, directives, authorizations, or li- censes that may be issued by the Department June 5 of the Treasury in consultation with the De- In the morning the President and Hillary partments of State and Transportation, the Clinton traveled to Southsea Common, following is prohibited: the granting of per- Portsmouth, for the Drumhead ceremony, mission to any aircraft to take off from, land commemorating the blessing of the fleet in, or overfly the territory of the United which sailed to Normandy. They then re- States, if the aircraft, as part of the same turned to the H.M.Y. Britannia. flight or as a continuation of that flight, is In the afternoon, aboard the H.M.Y. Bri- destined to land in or has taken off from the tannia with allied leaders they reviewed the territory of Haiti. flotilla which was en route to Normandy and The Department of Transportation should participated in a commemoration of the em- take appropriate action to implement this de- barkation of the fleet for D-Day. Later the cision. That action should be effective as of President visited World War II and Nor- 11:59 p.m., eastern daylight time on June 24, mandy merchant marine veterans aboard the 1994, and these measures should remain in U.S.S. Jeremiah O’Brien. The President and effect until further notification. Hillary Clinton then boarded the U.S.S. George Washington and sailed for Nor- William J. Clinton mandy, France, arriving off the coast in the evening. June 6 In the morning, following his remarks at Digest of Other Pointe du Hoc, the President and Hillary White House Announcements Clinton visited the cliff of Pointe du Hoc with Rangers and greeted their families. In the afternoon, the President and Hillary Clinton traveled to Caen, France, where they The following list includes the President’s public schedule and other items of general interest an- attended a luncheon for visiting leaders nounced by the Office of the Press Secretary and hosted by President Mitterrand at the Caen not included elsewhere in this issue. Prefecture. Later they traveled to Omaha Beach where they joined American veterans

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and other leaders at an international cere- June 9 mony commemorating the invasion. The President announced his intention to In the evening, following his remarks at nominate the Honorable Brian J. Donnelly the U.S. cemetery at Colleville-sur-Mer as Ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago. above Omaha Beach, the President met with The President announced his intention to American veterans on the beach. The Presi- appoint John M. Bernal as the U.S. Commis- dent and Hillary Clinton then traveled to sioner of the International Boundary and Paris. Water Commission—United States and Mex- ico. June 7 In the morning, after greeting the U.S. Embassy staff at the Ambassador’s residence, the President met with U.S. business execu- Nominations tives based in Paris and French business Submitted to the Senate leaders. In the afternoon, the President and Hillary Clinton attended a luncheon hosted by Prime The following list does not include promotions of members of the Uniformed Services, nominations Minister Edouard Balladur in the Salle de to the Service Academies, or nominations of For- Conseil at the Hotel Matignon. eign Service officers. The President announced his intention to nominate Clay Constantinou as Ambassador to Luxembourg. Submitted June 8 The President announced his intention to nominate Michael J. Gaines as a member of Sheila C. Bair, the National Appeals Board of the U.S. Pa- of Kansas, to be a Commissioner of the Com- role Commission. modity Futures Trading Commission for the The President announced that he intends remainder of the term expiring April 13, 1995, vice Wendy Lee Gramm, resigned. to appoint Robert C. Nelson and has already appointed Claudine Schneider as members George Charles Bruno, of the Competitiveness Policy Council. of New Hampshire, to be Ambassador Ex- The President announced his intention to traordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United appoint David B. Roosevelt and Lester S. States of America to Belize. Hyman as members of the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial Commission. Michael Johnston Gaines, of Arkansas, to be a Commissioner of the June 8 U.S. Parole Commission for the remainder In the morning, the President and Hillary of the term expiring November 1, 1997, vice Clinton traveled to Oxford, United Kingdom, Victor M.F. Reyes. where they attended a luncheon hosted by the chancellor of Oxford University at the Ernest Gideon Green, Dining Hall, Commons, University College. of the District of Columbia, to be a member Later, the President greeted American stu- of the Board of Directors of the African De- dents attending the university at Rhodes velopment Foundation for the remainder of House, Oxford. the term expiring September 22, 1995, vice In the evening, the President and Mrs. Edward Johnson. Clinton returned to Washington, DC. Kenneth Malerman Jarin, The President announced his intention to of Pennsylvania, to be a member of the Na- appoint Sheila M. McGuire as a member of tional Council on the Arts for a term expiring the Risk Assessment and Management Com- September 3, 1998, vice Robert M. Johnson, mission. term expired.

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Robert A. Pastor, Submitted June 9 of Georgia, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of Elizabeth Frawley Bagley, America to the Republic of Panama. of the District of Columbia, to be Ambas- sador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Anne C. Petersen, the United States of America to the Republic of Minnesota, to be Deputy Director of the of Portugal. National Science Foundation, vice Frederick Brian J. Donnelly, M. Bernthal. of Massachusetts, to be Ambassador Extraor- dinary and Plenipotentiary of the United Mary L. Schapiro, States of America to Trinidad and Tobago. of the District of Columbia, to be a Commis- sioner of the Commodity Futures Trading Clay Constantinou, Commission for the term expiring April 13, of New Jersey, to be Ambassador Extraor- 1999, vice Sheila C. Bair, term expired. dinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to Luxembourg. Mary L. Schapiro, of the District of Columbia, to be Chairman John R. Schmidt, of the Commodity Futures Trading Commis- of Illinois, to be Associate Attorney General, sion, vice Wendy Lee Gramm, resigned. vice Webster L. Hubbell, resigned. Janet L. Yellen, Carl Burton Stokes, of California, to be a member of the Board of Ohio, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and of Governors of the Federal Reserve System Plenipotentiary of the United States of for a term of 14 years from February 1, 1994, America to the Republic of Seychelles. vice Wayne D. Angell, resigned.

James Sweeney, Submitted June 10 of New Mexico, to be a Special Representa- tive of the President for Arms Control, Non- Thomas W. Graham, Jr., proliferation, and Disarmament Matters, of Maryland, to be Special Representative of U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agen- the President for Arms Control, Non- cy, with the rank of Ambassador, vice Nancy proliferation, and Disarmament Matters, M. Dowdy, resigned. United States Arms Control and Disar- mament Agency, with the rank of Ambas- sador, vice Paul H. Nitze. James L. Dennis, of Louisiana, to be U.S. Circuit Judge for the Fifth Circuit, vice Charles Clark, retired.

David F. Hamilton, Checklist of Indiana, to be U.S. District Judge for the of White House Press Releases Southern District of Indiana, vice S. Hugh Dillin, retired. The following list contains releases of the Office of the Press Secretary that are neither printed as Napoleon A. Jones, items nor covered by entries in the Digest of of California, to be U.S. District Judge for Other White House Announcements. the Southern District of California, vice Earl B. Gilliam, retired. Released June 5 Sarah S. Vance, Transcript of a press briefing by Adm. J.M. of Louisiana, to be U.S. District Judge for Boorda, Chief of Naval Operations, on the the Eastern District of Louisiana, vice Henry President’s visit to the U.S.S. George Wash- A. Mentz, Jr., retired. ington and D-Day ceremonies

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Released June 6 of Staff Thomas F. (Mack) McLarty on per- Transcript of remarks by Richard Hathaway manent White House passes held by political at Pointe du Hoc consultants Statement by Press Secretary Dee Dee Released June 7 Myers on China’s underground nuclear test Transcript of remarks by Secretary of State at the Lop Nur test site Warren Christopher and an exchange with Transcript of remarks by Special Adviser on ´ reporters at Elysee Palace in Paris, France Haiti Bill Gray and an exchange with report- Released June 8 ers Statement by Press Secretary Dee Dee Myers on the President’s submission to Con- gress of an amendment of the fiscal year 1995 budget request for the Department of En- Acts Approved ergy by the President Announcement of nomination of Ambas- sador to Seychelles Approved June 10 Announcement of nomination of Ambas- sador to Portugal H.R. 3863 / Public Law 103–265 To designate the Post Office building located Released June 10 at 401 E. South Street in Jackson, Mis- Statement by Press Secretary Dee Dee sissippi, as the ‘‘Medgar Wiley Evers Post Of- Myers and the text of a directive by Chief fice’’

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