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Rebuilding Local Seed System of Native Crops in Earthquake Affected Areas of Nepal

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Rebuilding Local Seed System of Native Crops in Earthquake Affected Areas of Nepal Rebuilding Local Seed System of Native Crops in Earthquake Affected Areas of Nepal Proceedings of a National Sharingshop 18 December 2017, Kathmandu Editors : Bal Krishna Joshi & Devendra Gauchan ISBN: 9789937034289 Rebuilding Local Seed System of Native Crops in Earthquake Affected Areas of Nepal Proceedings of a National Sharingshop 18 Dec 2017, Kathmandu Editors Bal Krishna Joshi, PhD Senior Scientist National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center, NARC Khumaltar, Kathmandu, Nepal Email: [email protected] Tel: 977-1-527 5131 Devendra Gauchan, PhD National Project Manager Bioversity International Khumaltar, Kathmandu, Nepal Email: [email protected] Tel: 977-1-527 5141 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 OPEN ACCESS Kathmandu, Nepal 2017 © NAGRC, Bioversity International and Crop Trust, 2017 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 OPEN ACCESS Encourage to use, multiply, reprint, reproduce with proper citation and acknowledgment. NAGRC (Khumaltar, Lalitpur; http://narc.gov.np) The National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center (NAGRC) was established in 2010 under NARC for conservation and utilization of all agricultural genetic resources including domesticated, crop wild relatives and wild edible plants. Agricultural plant genetic resources (APGRs) have been managed through ex-situ, on-farm and in-situ conservation, and breeding strategies by establishing seed bank, tissue bank, DNA bank, field genebank and community genebank. Bioversity International (Rome, Italy; https://www.bioversityinternational.org) Bioversity International (BI) is a member of the CGIAR consortium. Its vision is that agricultural biodiversity nourishes people and sustains the planet. Bioversity International produces scientific evidence and develops management practices and policy options to safeguard agricultural and tree biodiversity and attain sustainable global food and nutrition security. Crop Trust (Bonn, Germany; https://www.croptrust.org/) The Crop Trust, formerly known as the Global Crop Diversity Trust, is an international nonprofit organization, established in October 2004 as an independent organization under international law. The mission of the Crop Trust is to ensure the conservation and availability of plant diversity essential for food and agriculture, forever. Published by: NAGRC, BI and Crop Trust Published date: Dec 2017 Disclaimer: Views and contents expressed in the papers are those of authors ISBN: 9789937034289 NARC Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data NPSN: 00560-373/2017/18 Citation Joshi BK and D Gauchan, eds. 2017. Rebuilding Local Seed System of Native Crops in Earthquake Affected Areas of Nepal. Proceedings of a National Sharingshop, 18 Dec 2017, Kathmandu; NAGRC, Bioversity International and Crop Trust; Kathmandu, Nepal. Copies: 500 Available: I. NAGRC, Khumaltar; www.narc.gov.np; II. Bioversity International, Rome; www.bioversityinternational.org Cover photo: Houses damaged by earthquake in Barpak, Gorkha (by S Khatiwada and KH Ghimire); Seeds rescuing from Bichaur, Lamjung (by S Sapkota) and Seed increase in NAGRC field. ii Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................v Foreword ................................................................................................................................ vii Foreword ............................................................................................................................... viii Uncommon Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... ix Glossary .................................................................................................................................... x Project Brief ....................................................................................................................... - 15 - Major Project Achievements ............................................................................................. - 17 - Sharingshop ....................................................................................................................... - 18 - 1. Impact of 2015 Earthquake on Economy, Agriculture and Agrobiodiversity in Nepal .......................................................................................................................... - 19 - Devendra Gauchan, Bal Krishna Joshi and Krishna Ghimire 2. Agrobiodiversity: Conservation Strategies, Methods and Action Plans ..................... - 26 - Bal Krishna Joshi, Krishna Hari Ghimire, Devendra Gauchan, Deepa Singh and Mina Nath Paudel 3. Process of Rebuilding Local Seed System after 2015 Nepal Earthquake: Rescue Collection, Conservation and Repatriation ................................................................. - 32 - Devendra Gauchan, Bal Krishna Joshi, Krishna Hari Ghimire, Kritesh Poudyal, Shreejana Sapkota, Santosh Sharma, Durga Man Singh Dangol, Sajal Sthapit, Subash Gautam, Safal Khatiwada and Devra I. Jarvis 4. Germplasm Rescue: Why and How? .......................................................................... - 41 - Bal Krishna Joshi and Devendra Gauchan 5. Assessment of the Impact of 2015 Earthquake in Cereal Crop Diversity in the selected Mountainous Districts of Nepal ................................................................... - 51 - Kritesh Poudyal, Bal Krishna Joshi, Devendra Gauchan, Shreejana Sapkota, Krishna Hari Ghimire, Arun Acharya, Ritesh Yadav, Santosh Sharma, Durga Man Singh Dangol, Nava Raj Adhikari and Amit Khanal 6. Participatory Seed Exchanges Restore Farmers' Access to Diverse Seeds in the Aftermath of the 2015 Earthquake in Nepal .............................................................. - 60 - Subash Gautam, Sajal Sthapit, Devendra Gauchan, Bishnu Dhakal, Niranjan Pudasaine and Ritesh Yadav 7. Socioeconomic Aspects and Farmer Views on the Management and Use of Diversity of Underutilized Crops in Earthquake Affected Districts of Nuwakot and Rasuwa ................................................................................................................ - 68 - iii Durga Man Singh Dongol, Devendra Gauchan, Bal Krishna Joshi, Krishna Hari Ghimire, Kazuhiro Nemoto and Santosh Sharma 8. Analogue Sites of Earthquake Affected Areas in Nepal for Deployment of Climate Smart Rice Landraces .................................................................................... - 78 - Kritesh Poudyal, Bal Krishna Joshi, Devendra Gauchan, Shreejana Sapkota, Krishna Hari Ghimire, Durga Man Singh Dangol and Nava Raj Adhikari 9. Germplasm Exploration from Earthquake Affected Areas: Collections, Opportunities and Challenges .................................................................................... - 89 - Shreejana Sapkota, Bal Krishna Joshi, Devendra Gauchan, Kritesh Poudyal, Krishna Hari Ghimire, Santosh Sharma and Durga Man Singh Dongol 10. Existing Collections and Important Germplasm in Genebank from Earthquake Affected Districts ........................................................................................................ - 99 - Krishna Hari Ghimire, Bal Krishna Joshi, Ajaya Karkee and Devendra Gauchan 11. Red Listing of Crop Landraces in Earthquake Affected Areas................................... - 108 - Bal Krishna Joshi, Devendra Gauchan, Shreejana Sapkota, Durga Man Dongol, Kritesh Poudyal, Subash Gautam, Safal Khatiwada and Krishna Hari Ghimire 12. Repatriation of Crop Landraces in Earthquake Affected Districts ............................ - 126 - Durga Man Singh Dongol, Devendra Gauchan, Bal K. Joshi, Krishna H. Ghimire, Kazuhiro Nemoto, Santosh Sharma, Kritesh Poudyal, Shreejana Sapkota and Safal Khatiwada 13. Rebuilding Local Seed System of Native Crops in Earthquake Affected Areas: Synthesis, Lessons Learned and Way Forward ......................................................... - 139 - Devendra Gauchan, Bal Krishna Joshi and Krishna Ghimire Appendix I. List of crop species available in target districts ............................................ - 146 - Germplasm Rescue in the Picture.................................................................................... - 150 - Author Index .................................................................................................................... - 152 - Keyword Index ................................................................................................................. - 153 - iv Acknowledgements The major unfortunate natural events in Nepal are 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake, 2014 Nepal snowstorm, 2014 Mount Everest avalanche, 2014 Cyclonic Storm Hudhud, 2014 Sunkoshi blockage, April 2015 Nepal earthquake, 2015 Mount Everest avalanches and 2017 Nepal flood. Nepal is the 11th most earthquake-prone country in the world. Among the earthquakes that causes great damages and losses of life are 1505 Lo Mustang earthquake, 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake, 1980 Nepal earthquake, 1988 Nepal earthquake, 2011 Nepal earthquake and 2015 Nepal earthquake. 7.6 ML (Ritcher scale) earthquake of April 2015 in Nepal caused 8,790 casualties and 22,300 injuries. The lives of 8 million people, almost one-third of the population of Nepal, have been impacted by these earthquakes. Over half a million houses were destroyed. Among the 75 districts, 14 were declared ‘crisis-hit’ (severely affected) and 17 districts as moderately affected. Disaster effects on agriculture sector were very high causing heavy damages and losses. We express deep condolences
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