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Editorial Board Editorial Board Chief Editor Prof. Dr. Prem Sagar Chapagain Editors Dr. Ashok Pande Dr. Anila Jha Managing Editor Hemanta Dangal This views expressed in the articles are soley of the individual authors and do not nec- essarily reflect the views ofSocial Protection Civil Society Network-Nepal. © Social Protection Civil Society Network (SPCSN)-Nepal About the Journal With an objective to bring learnings, issues and voices on social protection through experts in regard to inform the social protection audiences, practitioners, stakeholders and actors as well as to suggest policymakers to adequately design social protection programs to fill the gaps and delivery transparency and accountability, Social Protection Civil Society Network (SPCSN) expects to publish the introductory issue of Journal of Social Protection in both print and online versions. Review Process This journal was published by Social Protection Civil Society Network (SPCSN) with supports of Save the Children Nepal Country Office in collaboration with Save the Children Finland & Ministry of Foreign Affairs Finland and with management supports from Children, Woman in Social Service and Human Rights (CWISH), Nepal. Editorial and Business Office Published by SPCSN Buddhanagar, Kathmandu Email: [email protected] Website: www.spcsnnepal.org Social Protection Civil Society Network (SPCSN) ISSN: ....................... Designed by: Krishna Subedi Printed at: .................... Journal of Social Protection, 2020 Volumn 1 December 2020 Contents Boosting the Impact of Nepal’s Child Grant through a Parenting Intervention ............................................................................................. 1-10 - Disa Sjöblom Social Protection in Health: Characteristics and Coverage of Health Insurance Program in Nepal ................................................... 11-26 - Geha Nath Khanal and Bhagawan Regmi Making Shock Responsive Social Protection System in Nepalese Context ..................................................................................... 27-34 - Thakur Dhakal Impact of COVID-19 on Nepali Migrant Workers and Social Safety Schemes at Destination ....................................................................... 35-50 - Padma Prasad Khatiwada Assessment of Child Sensitive Social Protection Programmes in Nepal ................................................................................................ 51-70 - Bishwa R. Pun and Gyanendra Shrestha Determinates Experienced by Persons with Disabilities for not getting Disability Identity Card. Case of Roshi Rural Municipality from Mid-Hill Nepal ................................................................................................................ 71- - Hemanta Dangal and Supa Paneru Disa Sjolom/Journal of Social Protection (2020), Vol. 1, 1-9 Journal of Social Protection, 2020 Vol. 1, 1-9, http:doi...... Boosting the Impact of Nepal’s Child Grant through a Parenting Intervention Disa Sjöblom Senior Social Protection Adviser, Save the Children. Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: his paper provides the results gathered over two years of Save the Received 16.Oct. 2020 TChildren’s parenting programme developed for the Government Accepted 25 Nov. 2020 Child Grant in Nepal. The paper draws on global evidence pointing to the vital role of parenting practices for children’s development and explains the essence of the programme used with parents in Nepal. Selected findings from impact studies carried out in 2018 and 2019 are used to show the positive changes found in parents’ behaviour with their children after participating in the sessions. It is Keywords: argued that instead of merely seeing the Child Grant as a means to Child grant nutritional improvements it should be used as a pathway to advance Cash transfer development in all domains of early childhood – physical, cognitive, Early childhood development social and emotional – so that children get a good start in life. The Parenting programme parenting programme implemented by Save the Children as a ‘cash Social protection plus’ approach for the Child Grant holds great promise to support the ability of children to develop to their full potential. 1. Introduction The purpose of the Child Grant is to address chronic malnutrition. Notwithstanding the Despite being known as one of the poorest progress in reducing stunting rates over the countries in Asia, the Government of Nepal last few decades, 36 per cent of all children is implementing a Child Grant programme below five years are still stunted in Nepal from its own fiscal resources. When the grant (Nepal Nutrition Profile, 2019). was introduced in 2010 it was confined to the Although low transfer values, low Karnali region while Dalits were in priority coverage and a weak delivery system are across the country. The coverage has gradually cited as factors hindering the effectiveness been expanded and it is now universal in 14 of Nepal’s Child Grant (Hagen-Zanker et al., out of Nepal’s 77 districts reaching a total of 2015), a recent study argues that it has had 737 579 children. The programme entitles all some impact on child nutrition (Renzaho et al., mothers (or primary caregiver) to an amount 2019). Studies on cash transfers and nutrition of Nepalese Rupees 400 per month for up from other parts of the world, however, to two children under the age of five years. suggest that complementary activities are 1 Disa Sjoblom/Journal of Social Protection (2020), Vol. 1, 1-9 often required to have a consistent effect equip parents to address problems that may on anthropometric measures (Bastagli et manifest as the child grows up such as adverse al., 2016) with quality health services seen peer influence or a desire to detach from or as a key (de Groot et al., 2017). Aside from rebel against parents (see e.g., Piquero et adequate nutrition, it is now widely accepted al., 2008). A quality relationship means that that infants and young children also need a parents will understand the child and that the conducive social and emotional environment child will feel secure to express feelings and to develop other early childhood domains share problems. Parents generally love their that are crucial for their long-term and children, but it may not mean that they always holistic development. Evidence from several act in the best interest of the child. interventions suggest that creating synergies Early childhood is a paramount between nutritional and other development stage of life during which children not only areas will result in optimal development of need sufficient nutrition for their growth but children. More importantly, such integrated also a parent (caregiver) tuned in to their initiatives also have the potential for a greater need for stimulation, physical closeness, impact on nutritional outcomes (Maalouf- emotional connection, and social interaction. Manasseh et al., 2015). There is growing evidence suggesting that Against this backdrop, Save the a great deal of children’s intellectual and Children realised that the Child Grant could behavioural development can be traced back be used as a pathway to promote holistic to the style parents used when bringing them development of children while still retaining up and navigating them through childhood a focus on nutrition. Hence, a parenting (Ermisch, 2008). Parents who are passive and programme including all essential elements to lack in telling their children stories, singing boost physical, cognitive, social and emotional songs or playing will experience delays in development of children was initiated. The cognitive development of the child (Yue et al., aim of this paper is to use the findings from 2017). Contrastingly, children of caregivers the pilot studies that assess the impact of the who interact and engage a lot in playing and parenting programme to highlight the positive communicating demonstrate higher scores in contributions that this can have in terms of the early years on cognitive, language and children’s overall development. socio-emotional development (Landry, 2014). It is generally accepted that parents Researchers studying this phenomenon in play a key role in children’s development, but China goes as far as claiming that the country the magnitude of influence that their actions will face a crisis due to cognitive delays of have on the well-being of the child is not children as they will not be able to meet the given adequate attention. In a poor country demands of the ‘high-skill-based economy’. like Nepal, the quest to reduce economic A survey carried out in China concluded poverty results in government and donor that nearly half of the children demonstrated spending on health, education, infrastructure, substantial cognitive delays due to poor social protection programmes and so on – all parenting practices (Yue et al., 2017). which are undoubtedly important. However, A study initiated by Save the enhancing competency of parents to practice Children on parenting behaviours in Nepal behaviours that will not only result in young found that parents lack awareness of their children developing better but also making crucial role in early stimulation and the them feel secure and confident as they grow need to spend quality time with the child. up, is not given priority. A strong parent-child Instead, ‘good parenting’ is foremost seen as relationship built in the early years will better making sure that the child goes to school and 2 Disa Sjolom/Journal
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