Heritage Impact Assessment

Proposed Allocations: FP-H1 and FP-H2 Heritage Impact Assessment Falmouth North & College / Hillhead Falmouth & Penryn

Introduction & Purpose The initial desk based heritage assessment1 of the consultation options for Falmouth and Penryn identified the need for additional assessment of the Falmouth North and College / Hillhead Penryn site options. These sites were identified for further assessment due to the close physical relationship between the two sites, and therefore also between the two separate towns of Falmouth and Penryn. Additionally, the presence of a range of designated and non-designated heritage assets to each site warranted further assessment. All three proposed allocations adjoin and together form a larger area for future development; however each proposal is assessed in turn in relation to the potential for any impacts on adjacent heritage assets.

This assessment is informed by five key assessment ‘steps’, following the guidance provided within Historic England’s Advice Note 3: The Historic Environment and Site Allocations in Local Plans, and Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning:3, ‘The Setting of Heritage Assets’. A conclusion and recommendation is included to inform the allocations process and the potential inclusion of land within the Cornwall Site Allocations DPD.

The findings and recommendations from this assessment will inform the Sustainability Appraisal which considers a range of sustainability considerations relating to the strategy for the town in order to prioritise site options for inclusion within the Cornwall Site allocations DPD. It will also directly inform any resultant policy that would form a part of any site allocation, should the site proceed and be allocated for development within an Allocations DPD.

This report assesses the potential for any harm to the significance of the listed buildings adjacent to the sites at Falmouth North and College / Hillhead, and any other assets, as a result of the proposed allocation site.

1 Cornwall Council Heritage Desk Based Assessment of DPD Allocations sites- Cornwall Historic Environment Service N Cahill – September 2015

Plan 1: The College Valley, Falmouth North and Lower Kergilliack Options

Plan 1 above identifies the relationships between the three options for growth at Falmouth and Penryn: The College Valley option; the Falmouth North Option; and the Kergilliack option.

It should be noted that at the time of writing this report, that planning permission had been granted for 300 residential units on approximately two thirds of the Lower Kergilliack option, and which would result in a smaller area of land being identified as any preferred strategy on that land.

This paper is predominantly seeking to consider the relationship of the college and Falmouth north sites with one another and also with designated and non-designated heritage assets within the general vicinity of these sites.

Step 1 Identify which heritage assets are affected by the potential site allocation.

The desk based heritage assessment undertaken by the CC Heritage team identified a number of heritage assets that are potentially affected by development of the potential site allocation.

There are a number of designated assets within the broad study area of Falmouth and Penryn surrounding the options sites the subject of this paper. There are a larger number to the north within and around the historic town centres of Penryn and Falmouth, which are separate to the study area as documented in this report, and are not therefore considered within this paper.

This report does not set out detail of the historical evolution of Falmouth and Penryn, or go beyond brief detail of individual assets and their history. There are a number of documents and resources that describe the historical evolution of the towns which can be referred to.

There are no designated assets within any of the three urban extension options the subject of this paper. However, immediately to the north of the College valley site are the listed assets of the railway viaduct, and to the east of the Falmouth North site are the designated assets of the Jewish and Congregationalist cemeteries at Ponsharden, and also the residential property known as The Cottage (now known as Ashfield House)

Relevant Assets acknowledged as having National importance or significance:  The Jewish and Congregationalist cemeteries at Ponsharden  The Cottage (Ashfield House) Falmouth  College known as Glasney College Penryn  Glasney College remains, Glasney Terrace Penryn  College House Penryn  Penryn South West Railway Viaduct  Penryn South West Piers of Former Viaduct

Relevant Assets considered of being of Regional or Local importance  AEL and Altered AEL  WW II defences / structures and remains  Separation of Falmouth and Penryn  Medieval Deer Park, Glasney Penryn  Medieval field systems  Post medieval china stone mill  Leather Mill / china stone mill  Leats lanes and other features suggestive of historic activity

Fig. 2 shows the historic assets and the proposed allocations Step 2 Understand what contribution the site (in its current form) makes to the significance of the heritage asset(s)

This section of the report sets out the importance of the assets nearby or within the wider setting of the proposed allocation, and summarises any contribution made towards the assets by the proposed allocation site.

The Jewish and Congregationalist cemeteries at Ponsharden – Scheduled Ancient Monument

The following is a summary of the asset from the Heritage gateway website:

The monument includes a Jewish and a Congregationalist cemetery, both founded in about 1780 on a small spur at Ponsharden between Penryn and Falmouth on the south coast of Cornwall. The Jewish cemetery served the late 18th to mid-19th century Falmouth Jewish community. Extending to the east and south, the larger Congregationalist cemetery served that Nonconformist group in this area from the late 18th to early 20th century. Each cemetery contains a single grave added later in the 20th century. These cemeteries were established in about 1780 on land granted jointly to both religious communities by Sir Frances Basset, Lord de Dunstanville.

The Jewish cemetery has a roughly rectangular plot, up to 22.5m WNW-ESE by 19m NNE-SSW, on the spur's western slope; the Congregationalist cemetery extends along the spine of the spur and is also near-rectangular, up to 48m NNE-SSW by 25m wide overall, truncated on the north west side by the Jewish cemetery. A steep scarp defines both cemeteries on the NNE side where the spur was cut back prior to 1841 to level the adjacent main road from Penryn to Falmouth; the scarp also created a small off-road bay, which in included within the scheduling but which now forms part of the adjacent verge, to serve the cemeteries' needs.

The entrance to the Jewish cemetery is near its north west corner in a short wall extending from the NNE scarp. This wall and the entrance doorway show several structural phases relating to a former building considered to have been a small funerary chapel called an `ohel', shown behind the entrance on mid-19th - early 20th century maps. Surviving remains of this building include its initial- phase brick north wall and a later-phase rubble east wall. Beyond this entrance area, the Jewish cemetery is defined on the WNW and much of the SSW by mortared rubble walls up to 1.25m high. Its joint boundary with the Congregationalist cemetery is a hedgebank up to 1.3m high, with traces of rubble facing on each side. A low rubble wall also follows the top of the NNE scarp above its coursed vertical rubble revetment.

The disused Jewish and Congregationalist cemeteries at Ponsharden survive substantially intact despite some limited damage due to prolonged neglect and minor vandalism. Their joint land grant provides an excellent example of the increasing acceptance of, and provisions for, minority religions and religious groups outside the Established Church during the later 18th century. The duration and pattern of use of each cemetery reflect well the periods of the growth, the flourishing and decline of their respective religious communities, each of which played an important and distinctive part in the economy and the social history of the area for which these cemeteries provide one of the few tangible survivals in the present landscape. Each cemetery also has features of significance in its own right.

The Jewish cemetery is one of only 25 such extant burial grounds nationally whose foundation pre- dates 1830, of which the seven in the south west of England form the richest and best preserved regional group outside London. The Falmouth Jewish cemetery in particular provides a good, relatively little-disturbed example of such a burial ground, situated outside the urban area as required by Jewish law and with simple upright gravestones in the Ashkenazi tradition but unusual in its NNE-SSW orientation of the graves, against the tradition of aligning graves towards Jerusalem. The surviving evidence for an ohel is very rare. The cemetery also provides important evidence of the social development of the Jewish community both nationally and locally. The well-documented circumstances surrounding its foundation confirm its origins in the mid-18th century expansion of the Jewish community from London into the English provinces. Genealogical studies of those buried in this cemetery have revealed valuable information on family and economic relationships between the Falmouth Jewish community and those elsewhere in England and beyond. Similarly important is the evidence for the community's cultural development, in the clear influence of local non-Jewish traditions in some of the gravestones' shaping and in the gradual introduction of English onto the gravestones after 1838. Similar considerations apply to the significance of the Congregationalist cemetery. Although more frequent than Jewish cemeteries, the rapid decline in use of this cemetery in the late 19th century has, unusually, allowed the overall layout of its surviving physical features to remain unaltered since its detailed mapping in 1880. The presence of this cemetery on the edge of one of Cornwall's few substantial urban areas characterises well the urban social context in which this religious group most flourished, in contrast with most other Nonconformist denominations in south west England. The gravestone inscriptions, and particularly the named occupations and places of origin of those interred, provide valuable information on the otherwise poorly-documented social composition of this religious group at its peak of popularity.

Web-Link to Heritage Gateway: http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1020815&resourceID=5 o The immediate setting of the cemetery contributes to the significance of the Historic Asset. o All of the land being considered for allocation, but particularly the closest land at Falmouth North is physically separate from the asset by both distance and topography. o Falmouth North is only related as part of a much wider geographic setting surrounding the asset. o There is an intervening supermarket development approved on land adjoining the cemetery site which further separates the allocation land from the historic asset. o There is no historical connection between the asset and allocation land. o As a result, the allocation land at Falmouth North makes only a negligible contribution towards the significance of the asset.

The Cottage (Ashfield House) Falmouth – Listed Building Grade II

The following text is a short excerpt from the Heritage gateway description of the asset:

House, said to have been a dower house, Probably C18, extended mid C19 and C20. Render on probable rubble and cob and wheat-reed roof to original part; painted killas rubble with granite dressings and hipped dry Delabole slate roof with projecting eaves to 1st extension; brick stack on the right. Originally a 2-room plan house, then extended with a wing at right angles to rear right and a double-depth wing on the right, projecting at the front, finally in the C20 extended further at rear. 2 storeys; symmetrical 3-window front to original house plus one-window range of front end of wing on the right. Original part has early/mid C19 Gothic style 3-light casement windows with latticed panes to central lights and horizontal panes to the side lights; arched heads to 1st-floor windows with intersecting glazing bars; some original panes of crown glass; 4-panel door. Wing has central late C19 or early C20 horned sash with margin panes in original opening over canted pilastered bay window of the same date. Right-hand return has 2 original mid-C19 12-pane hornless sashes to 1st floor and a central segmental-arched window with margin panes. Rear has some C20 copies of the Gothic-style windows. INTERIOR: simple interior. Central staircase in original part with an oval open well, stick balusters and turned newels, the bottom newel with the letter S, probably for Stephens, the name of the family who lived here and had a rope works at Ponsharden; original pegged trusses and thatching battens. This is the only building left in Falmouth with a thatched roof.

Web-link to Heritage Gateway: http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1270125&resourceID=5 o The immediate setting and curtilage of the asset, along with its external and internal architectural features contribute towards its significance. o All of the land being considered for allocation other than the closest land at Falmouth North is physically separate from the asset by both distance topography and intervening development. o Falmouth North is only related as part of a wider geographic setting surrounding the asset. o There is an intervening area of public open space land that adjoins the asset, which separates the allocation land from the historic asset. o There is no direct or indirect historical connection between the asset and allocation land. o As a result, the allocation land at Falmouth North makes only a negligible contribution towards the significance of the asset.

College known as Glasney College Penryn – Scheduled Ancient Monument

The following text is a short excerpt from the Heritage gateway description of the asset:

The monument, which falls into two areas of protection, includes a college situated to the south west of Jubilee Wharf in Penryn. The secular college was founded in 1265 by Bishop Bronescombe of Exeter following vivid dreams whilst he was ill in Canterbury where he saw Thomas Beckett who foretold he would recover and should establish a college to the glory of God and in the name of 'St Thomas the Martyr' at Penryn. As a result the college was endowed for thirteen canons and thirteen vicars. The total area was around four and one quarter acres surrounded by a defensive wall. From documentary sources, this enclave is known to have included a lay church on the north side of the college, a courtyard, canons houses, a refectory and chapter house amongst other structures. It was under construction by 1365 and repairs including some re-vaulting were undertaken in 1404, but the nave of the church was not finished for a further 15 years and the canons could not afford the upkeep of the buildings. By 1542 it was in a state of neglect despite 100 marks having been given for re-building by Sir Thomas Killegrew in 1500. The college was dissolved in 1545. Some of the fortified walling survives as standing masonry, and that which lies to the south is said by Wingfield to be the college precinct wall. To the north the church is believed to have been cut into the hill slope. Contemporary documents record structural problems caused as a result of wet ground conditions in this area, however, this is likely to have preserved organic material connected with the college. Standing masonry, which contains a 13th century Caen stone ashlar springer for an arch, is thought to be the south east angle of the church by Wingfield, but Sowell suggested it was probably the north east church wall. Other standing remains include part of a stone vault and other masonry fragments. Other structures, including a well, are preserved as buried features. The extant buildings which are in use are excluded from the scheduling. The college is Listed Grade II (365746).

The term college is used to describe a variety of different types of establishment whose communities of secular clergy shared a degree of common life less strictly controlled than that within a monastic order. Although some may date to as early as the tenth century, the majority of English colleges were founded in the 14th or 15th centuries. Most were subsequently closed down under the Chantries Act of 1547. Colleges of the prebendal or portional type were set up as secular chapters, both as an alternative to the structure of contemporary monastic houses and to provide positions for clerics whose services the monastic establishment wished to reward. Some barons followed suit by setting up colleges within their castles, while others were founded by the Crown for the canons who served royal free chapels. Foundations of this type were generally staffed by prebends or portioners (priests taking their income from the tithes, or other income deriving from a village or manor). After 1300, chantry colleges became more common. These were establishments of priests, financed from a common fund, whose prime concern was to offer masses for the souls of the patron and the patron's family. They may also have housed bedesmen (deserving poor and elderly) and provided an educational facility which in some cases eventually came to dominate their other activities. From historical sources it is known that approximately 300 separate colleges existed during the early medieval and medieval period; of these, 167 were in existence in 1509, made up of 71 prebendal or portional colleges, 64 chantry colleges and 32 whose function was primarily academic. In view of the importance of colleges in contributing to our understanding of ecclesiastical history, and given the rarity of known surviving examples, all identified colleges including the college known as Glasney College, Penryn which retain surviving archaeological remains are considered to be nationally important.

Web-link to Heritage Gateway: http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1007260&resourceID=5

o The immediate setting and curtilage of the asset, along with its surrounding landscape contribute towards its significance. o All of the land being considered for allocation other than the closest land at College Valley is physically separate from the asset by both distance topography and intervening development. o The land identified at College Valley is part of a wider geographic setting surrounding the asset, with some historic association linked to an undefined area of land used as a deer park as part of the wider use and occupation of the College. o The deer park is not identified within the description of the Scheduling of the monument at the College o There is an intervening land and built development, including the imposing railway viaduct which separates the allocation land at College Valley from the historic asset. o There a minor historical connection between the asset and allocation land. o As a result, the allocation land College Valley makes a minor contribution towards the significance of the asset.

Glasney College remains, Glasney Terrace Penryn– Listed Building Grade II

The following text is a short excerpt from the Heritage gateway description of the asset:

Remains of collegiate church. C13. Rubble with Caen stone dressings. A moulded respond and its abutment rising above impost level, possibly the remains of stone vaulting. Nearby stands a complex-moulded Caen stone sill (not in situ). HISTORY: The site for Glasney College was chosen as a result of vivid dreams by Bishop Bronescombe while he was ill and delirious at Canterbury. In these dreams he saw "Thomas Becket who foretold his recovery, and told him on his return west, to found in the woods of Glasney in the episcopal manor of Penryn a collegiate church to the glory of God and in the name of St Thomas the Martyr ...". (Whetter J: The History of Glasney College: Padstow, Cornwall: 1988-; Roddis R J: Penryn, The History of an Ancient Cornish Borough: 1964-: 42 -46).

Web-link to Heritage Gateway: http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1298629&resourceID=5

o The immediate setting and curtilage of the asset, along with its surrounding landscape contribute towards its significance. o All of the land being considered for allocation other than the closest land at College Valley is physically separate from the asset by both distance topography and intervening development. o The land identified at College Valley is part of a wider geographic setting surrounding the asset, with some historic association linked to an undefined area of land used as a deer park as part of the wider use and occupation of the College. o The deer park is not identified within the description of the Scheduling of the monument at the College o There is an intervening land and built development, including the imposing railway viaduct which separates the allocation land at College Valley from the historic asset. o There a minor historical connection between the asset and allocation land. o As a result, the allocation land College Valley makes a minor contribution towards the significance of the asset.

College House Penryn (8 Glasney Terrace Penryn) – Listed Building Grade II

The following is a summary of the asset from the Heritage gateway website:

Suburban house. Late C18/early C19. Local rubble with granite dressings. Dry slate roof with modillion eaves cornice; 2 late C19 gabled roof dormers; rendered end stacks; cast-iron ogee gutters. Double-depth plan. 2 storeys; symmetrical 3-window front. Late C19 four-pane horned sashes; central pilastered doorway with triangular pediment; glazed and panelled door. INTERIOR not inspected but likely to be of interest.

It is important to note that this asset is physically separate and divorced from the land identified for allocation both geographically and topographically. The closest allocation land at College Valley is also separate from this asset, by both topography and intervening built development, but also by the imposing railway viaduct

Web-Link to Heritage Gateway: http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1280504&resourceID=5 o The immediate setting and curtilage of the asset, along with its external and internal architectural features contribute towards its significance. o All of the land being considered for allocation including the closest land at Glasney Valley is physically separate from the asset by both distance topography and intervening development including the railway viaduct. o There is intervening built development, general landform and the imposing railway viaduct that separates the land from this asset. o There is no direct or indirect historical connection between the asset and allocation land. o As a result, the allocation land at College Valley makes no contribution towards the significance of the asset.

Penryn South West Railway Viaduct– Listed Building Grade II

The following is a summary of the asset from the Heritage gateway website:

Railway viaduct. Early C20. Rock-faced granite; round brick arches; concrete core and concrete parapet. 11 bays with tapered piers; impost strings; corbelled refuges at alternate bays and corbels for timber centering supports.

The railway viaduct is listed as Grade II status, and is an imposing feature that cuts across the valley landscape, and which dominates the majority of views of the valley from multiple perspectives. The height of the viaduct above the undeveloped valley bottom is entirely characteristic of the railway viaduct and the dominant role which it plays within the landscape.

Web-Link to Heritage Gateway: http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1187647&resourceID=5

o The immediate setting and curtilage of the asset, including its immediate landscape setting, contributes towards its significance. The valley forms a part of the wider setting to the viaduct. o All of the land being considered for allocation other than the closest land at Glasney Valley is physically separate from the asset by distance, geography and topography. o The land at College Valley forms part of the wider landscape setting surrounding the asset, with the northern element of land in the lower valley contributing directly to the setting of the asset and its dominance in the history of its development and that of the railway and of the town. o There is a direct historical connection between the northern parts of the allocation land and the asset. o As a result, the southern elements of the allocation land at College Valley makes a minor to moderate contribution towards the significance of the asset. o The northern and lower lying land within the valley bottom, makes a significant contribution towards the importance of the heritage asset.

Penryn South West Piers of Former Viaduct– Listed Building Grade II

The following is a summary of the asset from the Heritage gateway website:

SW7834SW NEW STREET, Penryn (South-West) 580-1/5/215 Piers of former viaduct 22/09/71 (Formerly Listed as: Railway Viaduct)

Piers of former viaduct. c1859. By IK Brunel. For GWR. 12 rock-faced granite, tapered H-plan piers with impost strings. Timber construction of this viaduct removed when parallel C20 viaduct (qv) was built.

The remains of the piers are Listed as Grade II status.

o The immediate setting and curtilage of the asset, including its immediate landscape setting, contributes towards its significance. The valley forms a part of the wider setting to the former viaduct piers. o All of the land being considered for allocation other than the closest land at Glasney Valley is physically separate from the asset by distance, geography and topography. o The land at College Valley forms part of the wider landscape setting surrounding the asset, with the northern element of land in the lower valley contributing directly to the setting of the asset and its dominance in the history of its development and that of the railway and of the town. o There is a direct historical connection between the northern parts of the allocation land and the asset. o As a result, the southern elements of the allocation land at College Valley makes a minor to moderate contribution towards the significance of the asset. o The northern and lower lying land within the valley bottom, makes a significant contribution towards the importance of the heritage asset.

Web-Link to Heritage Gateway: http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=1206354&resourceID=5

Other designated and undesignated assets within Falmouth and Penryn Falmouth and Penryn are both historic market towns, and both have designated Conservation Areas and a number of important listed buildings and other non-designated assets.

Other relevant Undesignated Assets AEL and Altered AEL

WW II defences / structures and remains

The key ports of Falmouth and Penryn were defended during WW II with a ring of defensive structures including Pill boxes, controlled junctions; tank traps and other such emplacements, and the historic records of these are set out within the links provided below.

All of the allocation sites the subject of this paper have been inspected and this paper can confirm that there are no existing structures remaining within any of the land being identified for potential allocation.

Web link to relevant heritage Gateway records:

Demolished structures or documentary evince only of war defences: Pill boxes or similar defence structures:

Demolished AA battery placement identified within the A39 road cutting (Outside of any allocation land) http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO338 81&resourceID=1020

Demolished Pill Box within Falmouth North site http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO338 70&resourceID=1020

Post medieval accommodation bridge over the rail line extant structure (Within Falmouth North allocation site) http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO549 22&resourceID=1020 Documentary evidence of modern pill box and road block (outside of any allocation land but closely related to Falmouth North) http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO449 50&resourceID=1020

Evidence of modern tank trap – evident though crop mark within Ponshardon open space (outside of any allocation land) http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO339 37&resourceID=1020

Modern trackway now demolished; recorded as part of the Vosper’s garage site and outside of any allocation land http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO338 69&resourceID=1020

Existing remains of a shelter within the Vosper’s garage site and outside of any allocation land. http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO430 45&resourceID=1020

Extant Pill box structure at Ponshardon adjacent to the Vosper’s garage site (outside of any land identified for allocation) http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO418 76&resourceID=1020

o The land identified for allocation does not include any extant structures related to the wartime defensive line for Falmouth and Penryn. o Any existing wartime defence structures that remain are outside of the land identified for potential allocation. o There would be some archaeological potential for remains of demolished structures where within the allocation land o Post medieval accommodation bridge within Falmouth North exists and bridges the railway cutting through the site. As the bride is within Falmouth North it is acknowledged that the land contributes partly towards its significance, however the bridge is more related to the rail cutting itself which defines the purpose of the bridge. o The land identified for allocation makes a neutral or negligible contribution towards the significance of the WWII defence assets that remain.

Separation of Falmouth and Penryn

This factor relates to the historic growth of the two separate towns of Falmouth and Penryn, and that the three areas of land considered within this paper for allocation would extend into hat zone between the two towns.

Both towns have historically grown away from their waterside origins, into the valley systems adjoining the built form of each town. This over several hundred years has resulted in the towns extending inland onto the valley sides of the landform that provides the setting to the wider rural hinterland.

This pattern of growth is not unusual to Falmouth and Penryn, or any of the other Cornish towns although most of the Cornish towns have retained their local and historic identified by remaining within the current valley systems to which they are generally situated, and not extending substantially over ridges into adjoining valleys. For Penryn, this has already occurred due in part to the complex system of valleys that interconnect with each other, and which have been widely developed historically through the long term growth of the town.

Throughout their growth however, there has always been a separation between the two towns, in part due to the topography and geography of the landform upon which they have developed, and this has allowed each town to retain their individual identifies and not to coalesce

However, with the modern development of the railway, and of the A39 road network , a distinct barrier between the two towns have evolved through the development of the railway viaduct system, and also of the dominant feature of the A39 cutting from Hillhead down into Ponshardon.

Furthermore, over the last 30 years, the land at the water’s edge has been intensively developed such that there is now a connecting ribbon of development between the two towns, along Falmouth Road. In effect there is no gap retained between the towns in this location. This has not stopped each town retaining a specific identity, as the Ponshardon area acts a strong Gateway to and from each town, and where there is a distinct change from the waterside development of Penryn’s frontage to the river, into the outskirts of Falmouth and it’s outer residential estates along its periphery. o The allocation sites do form a part of the wider landscape setting of Falmouth and Penryn o The land does play a role in the separation of the two towns, and in that manner contributes towards the local identities of the towns. o Historically the towns have grown into their respective valley systems, with developments extending along the sides of and further into these valleys. o The allocation land makes a moderate to significant (but tending more towards a moderate) contribution to the significance of the historic development of the towns in terms of the separate identities of the towns

Medieval Deer Park, Glasney Penryn

There is no clear or definitive evidence to support a precise location or boundary of the historic location of the deer park, although records are clear of its existence and its link to the established occupation and use of the Glasney College.

Evidence is also clear that after the year 1540, it was disparked and the land broken down into smaller holdings for tenant based uses in agriculture.

Notwithstanding that the deer park is not easily defined to a given area, it is probable that the area of land towards the valley bottom and the rising ground to the south would have been included in some manner. This would indicate that the deer park would most probably have included some or all of the land identified within the College Valley site identified for potential allocation.

A visual inspection of the site has not provided any evidence of this historic use, indeed no defined walls, enclosures or even features such as the drinking pales that would have been present through such a former use remain, and have long since been removed.

The land has clearly been adapted for a range of agricultural uses over the intervening years , with the landscape being substantially altered through the development of the rail line and its viaduct and substantial embankments. Further modern change has occurred to this land through the development of the Penryn A39 bypass which has also changed the landscape significantly.

Web link to relevant heritage Gateway records: http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO25037&resourceID=102 0 o The land at College valley is most probably in part related to the reference in history to a deer park being present in the locality. No other land identified for allocation is relevant to this asset. o No evidence remains of such a use as a deer park, with the field systems having been altered in history following the closure of the park in 1540, and with agriculture taking a more substantive role in this area. o The land at College Valley makes a negligible to minor contribution towards the significance of this asset.

Medieval field systems

A linear field bank is visible as cropmarks to the north-west of Hillhead Farm, adjacent to the Truro- Falmouth railway line. The boundary fits into the extant field system which appears to predate the construction of the railway and is therefore considered likely to be medieval in origin.

Web link to relevant heritage Gateway records: http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO33900&resourceID=102 0 o The asset relates to below ground remains of a feature within the landform / landscape, and which is situated within the College Valley land. o The land at College valley contributes in a negligible manner to the significance of the asset.

Post medieval china stone mill

A china stone mill in operation in 1901 was formerly used in leather manufacture

A mill at this location was used for china stone by J Lovering and Co, being in operation in 1901 (b2). The site was formerly used in leather manufacture(2). Photographs were taken after clearance of vegetation on the middle mill prior to conversion to a dwelling in 1985, when all equipment had been removed but three mills with a pankiln and linhay were extant (h1). The site was visited in 2009, and found to consist of the stone mill with central wheelpit, settling tanks, and a small pan- kiln. All is now very overgrown and in an increasingly unstable condition, with evidence of collapse of walls and lintelled openings (JRS).Web link to relevant heritage Gateway records: http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO25025&resourceID=102 0

To be read alongside the asset below;

Leather Mill / china stone mill

A mill used in leather production recorded in 1788, later used for milling china stone.

A mill at this location is marked on a map of the area in 1788, and said to have been used for leather production (b1). The mill was subsequently used for milling china stone. The site was visited after clearance of vegetation on the middle mill prior to conversion to a dwelling (h1).

Web link to relevant heritage Gateway records: http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MCO25024&resourceID=102 0

The remains of the Mill, as converted and adapted remain in place and sit within the land at College Valley for allocation and no other allocation land has any reference to these Mill structures.

The buildings and their immediate environs have been substantially altered as part of residential conversions and also from other industrial employment developments in modern times. This has substantially changed the structures and their settings. o The land at College Valley contains these assets. No other land for allocation relates to these assets. o The assets have been substantially altered as part of residential and employment development in modern times. o The land at College Valley makes a negligible contribution towards the significance of the asset.

Step 3 Identify what impact the allocation might have on that significance

The Jewish and Congregationalist cemeteries at Ponsharden – Scheduled Ancient Monument

This important Scheduled Monument is situated outside of all of the areas highlighted in this paper for potential allocation. The only land highlighted for potential allocation that relates at all to this asset is the land at Falmouth North. However, whilst being the most closely related to this asset, by virtue of distance and topography the allocation land is quite separate from the asset itself. The land at Falmouth North sits on a much higher landform from the asset itself. In this respect the land only relates to the asset in a much wider landscape context.

The Monument is located immediately adjacent to the former Vosper’s Garage site and the current Sainsbury supermarket and adjoining industrial estate. Due to both its age and degree of neglect, the Monument is significantly enclosed behind its boundary walls and also the maturing trees and overgrowth of the site.

The site has for some time been entered on the heritage at risk register highlighting both its importance as a heritage asset, its current condition and the need for its protection and remedial action to secure the longer term future of the asset.

In considering the potential for impacts arsing on the asset from the future development of the allocation land at Falmouth North it is important to understand the future context of the asset and its immediate surroundings, and how it might be interpreted in terms of its wider relationship with the allocation land at Falmouth North.

As detailed above, the asset immediately adjoins the large site of the former Vosper’s Garage, which is set within a former quarry area at Ponshardon, and with the allocation land being located further to the west and on higher ground, and with the Vosper’s site between them. That site has long held the benefit of extant planning permission for a large supermarket development, and is an important factor in understanding and considering the relationship of the asset with its surroundings. In 2011 planning permission was granted for the development of the Vosper’s site to develop a new (and larger) Sainsbury supermarket store.

In granting planning permission for that larger superstore, consideration was given to the importance of the asset and the impacts on it arising from that development proposal. As part of this consideration of heritage impact, the poor condition, ‘at risk’ status was a key factor, along with the fact that development of this site provided contribution towards remedial measures to address the condition of the asset in order to secure its future. English Heritage at that point were content that on balance, the impacts on the significance of the asset arising from that large scale development would be outweighed by the benefits of securing measures to secure its longer term security and future.

At the time of writing that permission remains extant, (as does the original permission for the supermarket), and which places a large scale food supermarket between the asset and the allocation land at Falmouth North, in addition to the wider development growth and highway infrastructure that has occurred around the Ponshardon area over the past twenty years.

The asset is effectively already surrounded by substantial development of a large scale retail development, and as a result any relationship between the allocation land at Falmouth North is greatly reduced, having appropriate regard to the above and to the distance and topography between the asset and the land being considered. o The land at Falmouth North is distinctly separated from the asset by committed development of the Vosper’s site, and also by distance and topography. o The effect of development of the land at Falmouth North would have a negligible to slight impact on the significance of the asset, although any such impact would be less than substantial.

The Cottage (Ashfield House) Falmouth – Listed Building Grade II

The asset is well enclosed within its domestic curtilage, and its importance has been highlighted as being those architectural features of particular merit, both external and internal.

The property is well enclosed within its own domestic curtilage, which is contained within a tree lined area, such that it is neither visible nor prominent within the wider landscape, indeed it rather presents itself within its own domestic confines.

The asset is surrounded to the east by modern residential development, albeit separated by the tree lined boundaries of its curtilage. o The allocation land at Falmouth North is separated from this asset by an existing and well used area of open space, and which the Allocations DPD would seek to retain as part of its open space strategy. o Development of Falmouth North would therefore be separate and at distance from the asset, which would remain set within its own boundaries, and which would have a negligible impact on the importance of the asset itself.

College known as Glasney College Penryn – Scheduled Ancient Monument

Glasney College remains, Glasney Terrace Penryn– Listed Building Grade II

This asset is situated within the core of Penryn, and historically is linked to the start of the settlement, and its occupation.

The land considered for allocation at College Valley is the only land that is relevant to this asset. Recent development of the College Farm site considered the historic assets surrounding this area2, including the Scheduled Monument site and the listed remains of the College itself.

This paper will not reproduce those assessments however that assessment did note the historic reference between the College Site and its immediate rural surroundings including Deer Park (assessed separately below)..

Of particular importance in considering the relationship between the assets at the College Site, and the land identified at College Valley for allocation is the larger scale intervention within the landscape by the modern rail line and its viaduct and embankments. This dominant feature has separated the relationship between these assets and the wider landscape of the land to the south, in particular on the southern side of the rail embankment. It is acknowledged that land within the lower Glasney Valley to the viaduct retains a clearer relationship with the College, and to a greater degree remains undeveloped. The land for allocation is situated within a topographically separate location, and there is no direct physical link between the two sites. The large an dominant rail structures would substantially screen the land and any development of it from the any wider relationship with the College Site. o The College site is distinctly separate from the land identified at College Valley, and sites within a separate (albeit linked) valley system from the College site itself. o The rail embankment and viaduct provide a distinct barrier between the College Site and the land identified for potential allocation. The only historical link between the College and the land is through an historic deer park (addressed separately below) of which there are no physical remains above ground. o Development of the College Valley Land would have a negligible impact on the Scheduled Monument and Listed remains themselves, and any potential impact arising would be less than substantial.

College House Penryn (8 Glasney Terrace Penryn) – Listed Building Grade II

Penryn South West Railway Viaduct– Listed Building Grade II

Penryn South West Piers of Former Viaduct– Listed Building Grade II

2 DuncanHawkins of CgMs Consulting on behalf of Walker Developments (SW) Ltd.

Other designated and undesignated assets within Falmouth and Penryn

Other relevant Undesignated Assets

WW II defences / structures and remains

Separation of Falmouth and Penryn

Medieval Deer Park, Glasney Penryn

Medieval field systems

Post medieval china stone mill

Leather Mill / china stone mill

Step 4 Consider maximising enhancements and avoiding harm

Step 5 Determine whether the proposed site allocation is appropriate in light of the NPPF’s test of soundness

Consideration of wider sustainability benefits

Policy Recommendations

Conclusion

References  Historic England – The Historic Environment in Local Plans – Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning:1 – March 2015

 Historic England – The Setting of Heritage Assets – Historic Environment Good Practice Advice in Planning:3 – July 2015

 Historic England – The Historic Environment and Site Allocations in Local Plans – Historic England Advice Note 3 – October 2015

 National Planning Policy Framework – March 2012

 National Planning Policy Framework: technical guidance – March 2014

 www.heritagegateway.org.uk

 Cornwall Council Sites and Monuments Records (SMR)

 Cornwall Council Heritage Desk Based Assessment of DPD Allocations sites- Cornwall Historic Environment Service – N Cahill – September 2015   Cornwall Local Plan Strategic Policies – 2010-2030 – proposed submission (March 2014), Schedule of Focused changes (September 2014) and Schedule of further significant changes (January 2016) Combined Document – January 2016

 Falmouth and Penryn Urban Extensions Assessment - Cornwall Site Allocation Development Plan Document: Evidence Base