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A39/B3116 Road Improvements A39/B3116 Road Improvements (Two Headed Man Junction), Marksbury, Somerset Archaeological Evaluation Report July 2017 Client: Bath and North East Somerset Council Issue No: 1 OA©Oxford Reference Archaeology No: 6779Ltd 29 August 2017 NGR: ST 66870 63979 A39/B3116 Road Improvements (Two Headed Man Junction) 1 Client Name: Bath and North East Somerset Council Document Title: A39/B3116 Road Improvements (Two Headed Man Junction), Marksbury, Somerset Document Type: Evaluation Report Grid Reference: ST 66870 63979 Planning Reference: … Site Code: MA2HM17 Invoice Code: MA2HMEV Receiving Body: Roman Bath Museum OA Document File Location: \\10.0.10.86\Projects\s\Somerset Two Headed Man\Report OA Graphics File Location: X:\s\Somerset Two Headed Man\010Geomatics\01 PDFs\2017- 07-24 Issue No: 1 Date: August 2017 Prepared by: Martyn Allen (Project Officer) and Tom Black (Supervisor) Checked by: Chris Hayden (PX Senior Project Manager) Edited by: Chris Hayden (PX Senior Project Manager) Approved for Issue by: David Score (Head of Fieldwork) Signature: …………………………………………………………….. Disclaimer: This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or used for any other project without an independent check being carried out as to its suitability and prior written authority of Oxford Archaeology being obtained. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequences of this document being used for a purpose other than the purposes for which it was commissioned. Any person/party using or relying on the document for such other purposes agrees and will by such use or reliance be taken to confirm their agreement to indemnify Oxford Archaeology for all loss or damage resulting therefrom. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for this document to any party other than the person/party by whom it was commissioned. OA South OA East OA North Janus House 15 Trafalgar Way Mill 3 Osney Mead Bar Hill Moor Lane Mills Oxford Cambridge Moor Lane OX2 0ES CB23 8SG Lancaster LA1 1QD t. +44 (0)1865 263 800 t. +44 (0)1223 850 500 t. +44 (0)1524 880 250 e. [email protected] w. oxfordarchaeology.com Oxford Archaeology is a registered Charity: No. 285627 ©Oxford Archaeology Ltd 29 August 2017 A39/B3116 Road Improvements (Two Headed Man Junction) 1 A39/B3116 Road Improvements (Two Headed Man Junction) Archaeological Evaluation Report Written by Martyn Allen and Tom Black with contributions from Edward Biddulph, Ruth Shaffrey, Ian Scott and John Cotter, and illustrations by Anne Kilgour and Charles Rousseaux Contents Summary ............................................................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................... viii 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Scope of work............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Location, topography and geology................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Archaeological and historical background..................................................................................................... 1 2 GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY ............................................................................................ 4 3 EVALUATION AIMS AND METHODOLOGY ............................................................... 5 3.1 Aims ............................................................................................................................................................. 5 3.2 Scope of the work ........................................................................................................................................ 5 3.3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................ 5 4 RESULTS .................................................................................................................. 7 4.1 Introduction and presentation of results ...................................................................................................... 7 4.2 General soils and ground conditions ............................................................................................................. 7 4.3 General distribution of archaeological deposits ............................................................................................ 7 4.4 Trench 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 4.5 Trench 2 ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 4.6 Trench 3 ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 4.7 Trench 5 ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 4.8 Finds summary ............................................................................................................................................. 9 5 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................... 10 5.1 Reliability of field investigation ................................................................................................................... 10 5.2 Evaluation objectives and results................................................................................................................ 10 5.3 Interpretation ............................................................................................................................................. 10 5.4 Significance ................................................................................................................................................ 11 ©Oxford Archaeology Ltd iv 29 August 2017 A39/B3116 Road Improvements (Two Headed Man Junction) 1 APPENDIX A TRENCH DESCRIPTIONS AND CONTEXT INVENTORY ................................ 13 APPENDIX B FINDS REPORTS ........................................................................................ 16 B.1 Pottery ....................................................................................................................................................... 16 B.2 Stone .......................................................................................................................................................... 16 B.3 Metal.......................................................................................................................................................... 16 B.4 Clay pipe..................................................................................................................................................... 16 B.5 Animal bones ............................................................................................................................................. 16 APPENDIX C BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 17 APPENDIX D SITE SUMMARY DETAILS .......................................................................... 18 ©Oxford Archaeology Ltd v 29 August 2017 A39/B3116 Road Improvements (Two Headed Man Junction) 1 List of Figures Fig. 1 Site location Fig. 2 Trench location plan Fig. 3 Plan of trench 1 Fig. 4 Plan of trench 2 Fig. 5 Plan of trench 3 Fig. 6 Plan of trench 5 Fig. 7 Sections through ditches 101, 201, 302 and 304 List of Plates Plate 1 Section through ditch 101, looking west Plate 2 Section through ditch 201, looking south-east Plate 3 Section through ditch 302, looking east Plate 4 Section through ditch 304, looking west Plate 5 Representative section of trench 1 Plate 6 Representative section of trench 2 Plate 7 Representative section of trench 4 Plate 8 Representative section of trench 5 ©Oxford Archaeology Ltd vi 29 August 2017 A39/B3116 Road Improvements (Two Headed Man Junction) 1 Summary Five evaluation trenches were targeted upon several geophysical anomalies identified at the site of a proposed road junction development. The ditches of two enclosures were exposed in the northern half of the site. One of these remains undated, while the other is tentatively dated to the late Iron Age/early Roman period. Two sections of a ring ditch were exposed in the southern half of the site and appear to relate to a ploughed-out round barrow. In the centre of the site, the course of the scheduled West Wansdyke earthwork was exposed but not further excavated. Rubble representing the core of the bank was consistent with evidence found during other local excavations, and possibly suggests that the earthwork here had a stone revetment. All the features excavated at the site appear to have suffered from later truncation. ©Oxford Archaeology Ltd vii 29 August 2017 A39/B3116 Road Improvements (Two Headed Man Junction) 1 Acknowledgements Oxford Archaeology would like to thank Bath and North East Somerset Council
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