West Wansdyke, Bath and North-East Somerset Conservation Management Plan
English Heritage
Report prepared by: ECUS Ltd. Festival House Jessop Avenue Cheltenham Gloucestershire GL50 3SH
February 2015 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan ECUS Ltd
Report to: English Heritage
Report Title: West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Revision: Final Issue Date: March 2015 Report Ref: 4569_WestWansdyke_CMP_v2.1
Originated By:
James Thomson Heritage Consultant Date: 18.12.14 Reviewed By:
Paul White Heritage Team Leader Date: 19.12.14 Approved By:
Paul White Heritage Team Leader Date: 27.02.15
Prepared by: ECUS Ltd. Festival House Jessop Avenue Cheltenham Gloucestershire GL50 3SH
The report and the site assessments carried out by ECUS on behalf of the client in accordance with the agreed terms of contract and/or written agreement form the agreed Services. The Services were performed by ECUS with the skill and care ordinarily exercised by a reasonable Environmental Consultant at the time the Services were performed. Further, and in particular, the Services were performed by ECUS taking into account the limits of the scope of works required by the client, the time scale involved and the resources, including financial and manpower resources, agreed between ECUS and the client. Other than that expressly contained in the paragraph above, ECUS provides no other representation or warranty whether express or implied, in relation to the services. This report is produced exclusively for the purposes of the client. ECUS is not aware of any interest of or reliance by any party other than the client in or on the services. Unless expressly provided in writing, ECUS does not authorise, consent or condone any party other than the client relying upon the services provided. Any reliance on the services or any part of the services by any party other than the client is made wholly at that party’s own and sole risk and ECUS disclaims any liability to such parties. This report is based on site conditions, regulatory or other legal provisions, technology or economic conditions at the time of the Service provision. These conditions can change with time and reliance on the findings of the Services under changing conditions should be reviewed. ECUS accepts no responsibility for the accuracy of third party data used in this report.
ii
West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Executive Summary
This Conservation Management Plan (referred to as the Plan or CMP) for the West Wansdyke was commissioned by English Heritage (EH) in partnership with Bath and North East Somerset (BNES) Council in February 2013. Ecus Ltd was appointed to prepare the CMP in order to inform the future management of the monument. The purpose of the Plan is to build on the 1994-6 Management Plan. The Plan is to address management issues and to identify opportunities for enhancing the condition and reducing the vulnerability of the specific sections but also for the entirety of the monument.
The monument called Wansdyke is the name given to two separate systems of dyke comprising East Wansdyke in Wiltshire, and West Wansdyke in Bath and North East Somerset. The current known extent of West Wansdyke begins at the Iron Age hillfort of Maes Knoll on the eastern edge of Dundry Ridge (ST 602661) at its northwestern point to Midford Road, South Stoke and Horsecombe Valley (SR 748618). The total linear distance along its route, including gaps, is 16.3 km. From Maes Knoll the course of the dyke passes through the parishes of Norton Malreward, Publow, Compton Dando, Marksbury, Newton St Loe, Englishcombe, Odd Down area in the City of Bath and South Stoke.
The archaeological remains of West Wansdyke survive to a varying degree along its course, as either discontinuous sections of earthworks preserved with a substantial bank and ditch on its northern side, or as cropmark evidence and sub-surface buried deposits. The better preserved sections of earthwork are statutory protected as Scheduled Monuments. There are 17 separate designated sections of West Wansdyke (including Maes Knoll hillfort) which are aggregated into 11 different Scheduled Monuments along its course. The scheduled lengths of the monument account for approximately 6 km (or 37%) of its linear length (including Maes Knoll ramparts).
To assist in the proposed management of the monument, the separate sections were aggregated together to form monument zones. These zones were based upon the survival of the monument, current landuse, topographical position, configuration of the monument (i.e. presence of known terminus which reflects a deliberate break in the monument). This produced 17 monument zone and forms the basis of the management gazetteer. As the zones reflect the varying survival of the monument, the zones vary in length along the monument but have been related back to the management field parcel number used in the 1994-6 Management Plan.
A review of the condition of the entire monument has revealed 13 areas are considered to be of an overall satisfactory condition. Of these areas, seven are scheduled and are usually not in cultivation but within grass land cover. Two of the scheduled monuments (BA 167- Peppershells and BA 94- East of Compton Dando) are considered to be of improving condition. The section to the east of Compton Dando has been taken out of cultivation as part of a countryside stewardship scheme. This has improved the condition and stability of the monument. The condition of BA 167 has improved since the last EH monitoring visit in 2005 where scrap metal was noted to be dumped on the monument, which has been now removed and evidence of recent scrub clearance at its northern end.
There are eight areas that are considered to be of ‘Major Concern’. None of the areas are scheduled but relate to sections of West Wansdyke where the condition is poor due to historical management and, and subject to gradual decline through ongoing processes such as cultivation. This condition assessment category reflects where there has been an obvious decline in the monument between this Plan and the previous 1995 study. Examples include where earthworks are recorded on OS maps or by Erskine in the 1995 monument gazetteer but these earthworks appear to have been levelled through cultivation (e.g. Zone 2- Fields 7 and 8, Zone 10). It is considered the current management regime will substantially remove any evidential value to sub-surface deposits or shallow earthworks that might be present.
iii
West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
There are four areas that are considered to be of a ‘Critical’ condition; three of which are scheduled. This includes BA 168 (Zone 2), BA 72 (Zone 9- Stantonbury) and BA 93 (Zone 17- Odd Down).
Due to the linear character of the monument and the diverse landscape, land use and ownership that is encountered along its route it is considered that any future management should be informed by an overarching aspirational vision to guide its conservation.
The Vision is to ensure:
The sustainable management of West Wansdyke, in its varied forms, to ensure its ongoing legibility by enhancing its condition and interpretation whilst respecting its historic form and setting
From this Vision a series of Policies have been prepared to address specific management issues and to support the sustainable management and conservation of the monument within the landscape. The process of conservation involves a series of decisions to inform actions that can be required as long term or ‘day to day’.
Within the Plan, the policies are grouped under various key headings arising out of the issues and opportunities raised. The categories are:
Research and Understanding
The overarching policy is:
All processes and aims of conservation including investigation, repair, management and promoting interpretation will be based on the best current understanding of the history, character and condition of the monument
Management and Condition
The overarching policy is:
All management of the monument should be taken in the context of a full understanding of the legal constraints and responsibilities and seek to enhance or preserve the condition of the monument.
Access and Interpretation
The overarching policy is:
Access and Interpretation will be improved to encourage movement along the monument and interaction with the monument and build opportunities for experiencing and understanding West Wansdyke.
For each overarching policy specific policies have been identified which have been prioritised as series of specific tasks which can be implemented during the lifetime of the Plan.
iv
West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Contents
1. Introduction ...... 1 1.1 Background to the Plan...... 1 1.2 Production of the Plan ...... 1 1.3 The Monument ...... 1 1.4 General Purpose and Scope of the Plan ...... 3 1.5 Structure of the Plan ...... 3 1.6 Methodology ...... 4
2. Understanding the Heritage ...... 6 2.1 A short Introduction ...... 6 2.2 Historic Context ...... 6 Historical Documents ...... 6 Boundaries ...... 7 Field and Place-name ...... 7 Roads and Lanes ...... 8 The Dyke as a Defensive Structure ...... 8 2.3 History of Study ...... 8 2.4 Archaeological Interventions ...... 9 1960s Peter Fowler ...... 10 1983 Hursley Hill ...... 10 1990 Avon County Planning Department ...... 11 1995-6 Avon Archaeological Unit ...... 11 1998 Avon Archaeological Unit ...... 13 2.5 Summary of Archaeological Investigations...... 13 2.6 Characterising the Monument ...... 13 2.7 The Monument in its Landscape ...... 15 Maes Knoll (Zone 1) ...... 15 Maes Knoll to Blackrock (Zones 2-4) ...... 15 ‘The Publow Gap’ (Zone 5) ...... 17 Compton Dando to Stantonbury (Zones 6-8)...... 17 Stantonbury Hill (Zone 9) ...... 18 Stantonbury Hill to Englishcombe (Zones 10-12) ...... 18 Englishcombe to Odd Down (Zones 13-16)...... 19 Odd Down (Zone 17) ...... 21 2.8 A re-consideration of the monument ...... 21 ‘The Publow Gap’ (Zone 5) ...... 21 Compton Dando (Zone 6) ...... 22 East of Englishcombe (Zone 14) ...... 22 2.9 Ecology along the monument ...... 23 2.10 Access and Interpretation ...... 23 Public Access ...... 23 Remote Access ...... 24 Interpretation ...... 24 2.11 Current Condition ...... 25 Condition Overview ...... 25
3. Significance of the Monument ...... 31 3.1 Introduction ...... 31 3.2 Designations ...... 31
v
West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
3.3 Assessment of Values ...... 32 Evidential Value ...... 32 Historical Value ...... 34 Aesthetic Value ...... 35 Communal Value ...... 36 Contribution of Setting to Significance...... 37 Ecological Value ...... 37 3.4 Summary of Significance ...... 37
4. Risks and Opportunities ...... 38 4.1 Introduction ...... 38 4.2 Research and Understanding ...... 38 Historic Environment Record (HER) ...... 38 Archives ...... 38 Dating the Monument ...... 39 The Course of the Monument ...... 39 Investigation of the Monument ...... 39 4.3 Management and Condition ...... 39 Ownership ...... 39 Designation ...... 39 Degree of Change...... 39 Nature of Threat ...... 40 Burrowing Issues ...... 40 Scrub Encroachment ...... 40 Wind Thrown Trees ...... 40 4.4 Access and Interpretation ...... 41 Public Access ...... 41 Legibility of the Monument ...... 41 Interpretation ...... 41
5. Management Policies ...... 42 5.1 Introduction ...... 42 5.2 Research and Understanding (RU) Policies ...... 43 Data Management and Archives ...... 43 Dating the Monument ...... 43 Course of the Monument...... 43 Investigating the Monument ...... 43 5.3 Management and Condition (MC) Policies ...... 44 Ownership ...... 44 Designation ...... 44 Degree of change ...... 44 Incremental threats ...... 45 Ad-hoc threats ...... 45 Development threats ...... 45 Animal threats ...... 45 Vegetation threats ...... 45 Frameworks and Local Plans ...... 46 5.4 Access and Interpretation (AI) Policies ...... 46 Public Access ...... 46 Monument Legibility ...... 46 Interpretation ...... 46
6. Implementation and Review ...... 48 6.1 Management Priorities ...... 48
vi
West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
6.2 Designation Priorities ...... 49 6.3 Implementation ...... 49 6.4 Review ...... 49
7. References ...... 54 7.1 Bibliography ...... 54
Appendix 1: Tables ...... 56 Events ...... 56 Aerial Photographs consulted at English Heritage Archives ...... 68
Appendix 2: Gazetteer ...... 101 8.1 Content ...... 101
Illustrations ...... 135
Plates
Plate 1: Looking west along line of West Wansdyke to Maes Knoll Hill ...... 1 Plate 2: View eastwards along West Wansdyke towards Englishcombe ...... 6 Plate 3: Excavated section of bank at Blackrock Lane, Publow showing construction phasing .... 12 Plate 4: View south towards Scheduled section at Norton Malreward, south of New Barn Farm 16 Plate 5: View of landscape north of Wansdyke at Cottles, Publow ...... 16 Plate 6: Condition of truncated terminus north of Cottles, Publow ...... 17 Plate 7: View west along Slate Lane and possible alignment of Wansdyke ...... 17 Plate 8: View down the Chew Valley north of the Wansdyke at Compton Dando ...... 18 Plate 9: View west to Stantonbury Hill and towards Avon Valley near to Park Farm, Newton St Loe ...... 19 Plate 10: View from Englishcombe Church towards Pennsylvania Farm ...... 19 Plate 11: Views to Rush Hill from Wansdyke, east of Breech Wood ...... 20 Plate 12: Views along Odd Down section ...... 20 Plate 13: Extract of 1946 aerial photograph showing unusual parish boundary (left) and soil mark/ earthwork above Pepper Shells (right) ...... 21 Plate 14: Extract of 1946 aerial photograph showing possible earthworks east of Publow Brook . 22 Plate 15: Extract of 1946 aerial photograph showing soilmark, east of Englishcombe ...... 23 Plate 16: Varying condition of interpretation along West Wansdyke ...... 24 Plate 17: Improved monument condition under Countryside Stewardship at Compton Dando .... 26 Plate 18: Cattle poaching on scheduled area BA 96...... 26 Plate 19: Arable clipping and scrub growth with burrowing on scheduled section BA 168 ...... 27 Plate 20: Impacts along scheduled section BA 93 at Odd Down...... 28 Plate 21: View westwards along postulated alignment near Wansdyke House ...... 31 Plate 22: Evidential Value: 1996 excavations along the Wansdyke ...... 33 Plate 23: Historical Value: Line of West Wansdyke at Newton St Loe as low earthwork. Newly planted tree avenue avoids the monument ...... 34 Plate 24: Aesthetic Value: West Wansdyke (centre) to the west of Englishcombe village...... 35 Plate 25: Communal Value: Signpost at eastern end of West Wansdyke ...... 36 Plate 26: Scheduled length northwest of Cottles, Publow ...... 38 Plate 27: Surveying the monument as part of the Plan ...... 42 Plate 28: West Wansdyke heading to Maes Knoll ...... 48
vii
West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Tables
Table 1: West Wansdyke Designations ...... 2 Table 2: Stratigraphy recorded along the monument ...... 10 Table 3: Character of West Wansdyke ...... 14 Table 4: Monument Zones ...... 15 Table 5: Monument Zone Condition ...... 30 Table 6: Summary of Condition and Risk of Scheduled Sections of West Wansdyke...... 49 Table 7: Summary of Management Policies ...... 50
Figures
Figure 1: Location Plan Figure 2: Location of Scheduled Monuments along West Wansdyke Figure 3: Location of Events Figure 4: Monument Zones and Survival Figure 5: Topographic Setting Figure 6: Zones of Theoretical Intervisibility Figure 7: Public Rights of Way Figure 8: Condition Assessment
viii
West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Abbreviations and Conventions used in the text
ADS Archaeological Data Service BGS British Geological Survey BNES Bath and North East Somerset Council c. circa CMP Conservation Management Plan EH English Heritage ha hectares HA Heritage Asset reference HER Historic Environment Record km kilometres m metres NHLE National Heritage List for England NPPF National Planning Policy Framework OS Ordnance Survey
Periods referred to in the text
Palaeolithic 500,000 to 10,000 BC Mesolithic 10,000 to 4000 BC Neolithic 4000 to 2200 BC Bronze Age 2200 to 700 BC Iron Age 800 BC to AD 43 Romano-British AD 43 to 410 Early medieval 410 to 1066 Medieval 1066 to 1540 Post-medieval 1540 to 1901 19th Century 1800 to 1901 20th Century 1901 to present
Assumptions and Limitations
This report is compiled using secondary information derived from a variety of sources, only some have been directly examined. The assumption is made that this data, as well as that derived from other secondary sources, is reasonably accurate.
In addition, the records held by HERs represent a record of a wide range of information derived from historical sources and previous archaeological discoveries and does not preclude the subsequent discovery of further elements of the historic environment that are, at present, unknown.
ix
West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan 1. Introduction
Plate 1: Looking west along line of West Wansdyke to Maes Knoll Hill
1.1 Background to the Plan 1.1.1 This Conservation Management Plan (referred to as The Plan or CMP) for the West Wansdyke was commissioned by English Heritage (EH) in partnership with Bath and North East Somerset (BNES) Council in February 2013. Ecus Ltd was appointed to prepare the CMP in order to inform the future management of the monument.
1.1.2 More particularly the Plan has been prepared in accordance with the Brief provided by English Heritage. The CMP has been prepared in accordance with current guidance from English Heritage and HLF.
1.2 Production of the Plan 1.2.1 The principal consultant contributors to the Plan are as follows:
Editor and principal author: Paul White Ecus Ltd
Documentary research: James Thomson Ecus Ltd
Richard Gilmore Ecus Ltd
Ecological Review: Hazel Marsh Ecus Ltd
1.2.2 The process of delivery of the plan has been managed by:
English Heritage: Mel Barge
Nick Croxson
Bath and NE Somerset Council: Richard Sermon
1.3 The Monument 1.3.1 The monument called Wansdyke is the name given to two separate systems of dyke
1. Introduction 1 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
comprising East Wansdyke in Wiltshire, and West Wansdyke in Bath and North East Somerset. The current known extent of West Wansdyke begins at the Iron Age hillfort of Maes Knoll on the eastern edge of Dundry Ridge (ST 602661) at its northwestern point to Midford Road, South Stoke and Horsecombe Valley (SR 748618). The total linear distance along its route, including gaps, is 16.3 km. From Maes Knoll the course of the dyke passes through the parishes of Norton Malreward, Publow, Compton Dando, Marksbury, Newton St Loe, Englishcombe, Odd Down area in the City of Bath and South Stoke.
1.3.2 The monument was once considered to run from the North Somerset coast to Berkshire (Major and Burrows, 1926) but this was refuted by subsequent investigations by Clark (1958) and Fox and Fox (1960) whom consider the East and West Wansdyke are separate constructions and was not a continuous monument and gaps along its length reflected historical land cover such as dense woodland which precluded its construction. The argument that the West Wansdyke did continue westwards of Maes Knoll to a terminus at Stokeleigh Camp has been more recently put forward by Gardner (1998) (Figure 1). At its eastern end it has been speculated that earthworks on Bathampton Down, as recorded in the Historic Environment Record (HER), relate to Wansdyke although this is not proven and reflects historical attempts to join the East and West sections of Wansdyke together (Major and Burrows 1926)
List no. Mon no. Name Length (m) 1005424 BA 25 Maes Knoll Camp 583.4 1007009 BA 99 Wansdyke: section east of Maes Knoll Camp 320.8 1003066 BA 168 Wansdyke: section 425m south of New Barn Farm 170.1 1007010 BA 100 Wansdyke: section 210m north west of Cottles 343.9 1007010 BA 100 Wansdyke: section 210m north west of Cottles 84.1 1004523 BA 167 Wansdyke 375m south east of Knowle Farm 110.7 1007004 BA 94 Wansdyke: Compton Dando to Wansdyke House 465.5 1007004 BA 94 Wansdyke: Compton Dando to Wansdyke House 252.7 1007004 BA 94 Wansdyke: Compton Dando to Wansdyke House 82.7 1007004 BA 94 Wansdyke: Compton Dando to Wansdyke House 291.7 1002487 BA 72 Stantonbury camp and adjacent sections of Wansdyke 933.1 1007008 BA 98 Wansdyke: 530m north west of Park Farm 124.8 1007008 BA 98 Wansdyke: 530m north west of Park Farm 190.1 1007006 BA 96 Wansdyke: 285m north west of Manor Farm 75.1 1007006 BA 96 Wansdyke: 285m north west of Manor Farm 543.3 1007005 BA 95 Wansdyke: section from Breach Wood to Middle Wood 316.9 1007003 BA 93 Wansdyke: 1120m east of Burnt House Inn 1145.3
Table 1: West Wansdyke Designations 1.3.3 The archaeological remains of West Wansdyke survive to a varying degree along its course, as either discontinuous sections of earthworks preserved with a substantial bank and ditch on its northern side, or as cropmark evidence and sub-surface buried deposits. Although the earthwork has not been precisely dated it is believed to date to the late Roman or early Post-
1. Introduction 2 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Roman periods (Erskine 2007 and Erskine and Young, forthcoming). Its perceived defensive role has been dismissed due to its discontinuous length and sheer scale, which makes it difficult to defend. More recently a case has been put forward for a later date of construction as a political territorial boundary between the 8th and 9th century Mercian and West Saxon Anglo- Saxon Kingdoms (Reynolds and Langlands 2006).
1.3.4 The better preserved sections of earthwork are statutory protected as Scheduled Monuments. There are 17 separate designated sections of West Wansdyke (including Maes Knoll hillfort) which are aggregated into 11 different Scheduled Monuments along its course (Figure 2 and Table 1). The scheduled lengths of the monument account for approximately 6 km (or 37%) of its linear length (figures including Maes Knoll ramparts).
1.4 General Purpose and Scope of the Plan 1.4.1 The purpose of the Conservation Management Plan is to build on the 1994-6 Management Plan (AAU, 1996). The Plan is to address management issues and to identify opportunities for enhancing the condition and reducing the vulnerability of the specific sections but also for the entirety of the monument.
1.4.2 The aims and objectives of the assessment are to:
clarify and summarise relevant information that already exists on the West Wansdyke;
undertake condition survey along the route of the West Wansdyke and prepare illustrated integrated gazetteer of the various sections to inform the CMP;
identify the significance of the heritage asset at local and national level;
identify key management issues, gaps in knowledge and potential conflicts of value;
define conservation policies to take forward to implementation;
provide a prioritised Schedule of Works based upon the conservation policies;
produce constraints maps including statutory and non-statutory designations.
make recommendations for re-designation and prepare supporting information for online application process, and
assist in the creation of a long-term management plan in liaison with key stakeholders.
1.5 Structure of the Plan 1.5.1 The Plan is set out in four main sections together with an Introduction and a Gazetteer. The main sections are sequential and each builds upon information included in its predecessors.
1.5.2 Understanding the Heritage provides a summary of the key information known about the West Wansdyke. It sets out the geographical context, the archaeological evidence, the setting, and other background information such as condition of the monument and access and interpretation.
1.5.3 Significance builds upon the Understanding section and seeks to assess what is important about the monument in various contexts. It considers the designated status of the site and
1. Introduction 3 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
assesses levels of significance overall, and for the individual elements of the monument.
1.5.4 Risks and Opportunities identify the current key problems and opportunities inherent along the monument. Some of these arise from the Understanding section, others from information gathered informally during the research phase.
1.5.5 Policies set out the direction for the future conservation, sustainable management and enhancement of the monument arising from the risks and opportunities presented in the previous section. There is an overarching vision for the management of the monument. The long-term management is presented as a series of statements followed by more specific short- term objectives or actions having a ‘one-off’ character. The policies include recommendations for future review.
1.5.6 The Gazetteer section provides detail on the different elements of the monument and records its form, condition and threats.
1.6 Methodology 1.6.1 A comprehensive brief document for the production of the CMP was provided by English Heritage. The baseline understanding of the monument has been established from a desk- based review of existing sources of primary and synthesised information, comprising:
The Bristol and North East Somerset Historic Environment Record (BNES HER), comprising a database of all recorded archaeological sites, find-spots, and archaeological events within the county.
Historic manuscripts, maps and published material held at the Somerset and Bristol Local Records Offices and Local Studies Library.
Historic aerial photography collections, maps, and published material held at the English Heritage Archive in Swindon.
The English Heritage Scheduled Monument files.
National heritage datasets including The National Heritage List for England (NHLE), Images of England, PastScape, Viewfinder, NMR Excavation Index, and Parks and Gardens UK.
Relevant primary and secondary sources including published and unpublished archaeological reports relating to excavations and observations in the area around the site were studied.
1.6.2 A bibliography of documentary, archive, and cartographic sources consulted is included in the References section of this report.
1.6.3 In the course of the desk-based review some sources of information could not be located, comprising:
The 1995-6 West Wansdyke Management Study project archive;
The 1995-6 West Wansdyke Management Study fieldwork report; and
1986-7 ACCES (Avon County Community Environment Scheme) project archive (part of the Avon County Council’s Manpower Services Commission (MSC) scheme) which surveyed transects and profiles over the monument every 50 m along its length.
1. Introduction 4 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
1.6.4 The Bath Museum service does not have a record of receiving the 1995-6 project archive and it is believed to have been destroyed by fire in 2001 on the Avon Archaeological Unit. A copy of the 1996 report could not be sourced but Jonathan Erskine kindly made available his unpublished manuscript on the 1995-6 excavations. The location of the 1986 ACCES survey archive is not known and does not appear to have been deposited with the Museum Service, HER or Local Records Office. It is possible it is held by the Keynsham and Saltford Local History Survey.
1.6.5 The baseline condition of the monument and observations on threats, issues and opportunities was undertaken as a series of field visits during 2013 along public rights of way or with the permission of the landowner, wherever possible.
1. Introduction 5 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan 2. Understanding the Heritage
Plate 2: View eastwards along West Wansdyke towards Englishcombe
2.1 A short Introduction “….Along the road into a steep part of Wansdyke (and there are four acres north of the dyke).From Wansdyke by the tree roots. Thence to Edbyrht’s clearing on the eastern side….”1
“First Wansdyke bounds it on the north-west. Thence to Horsecombe spring…….Along the street then east to Wansdyke.”2
2.2 Historic Context 2.2.1 This section considers how the West Wansdyke has been historically incorporated into its surrounding landscape. The original work undertaken by Prosser as part of the 1995 Management Plan (AAU, 1995) is summarised, along with consideration of more recent research where relevant, but it does not represent new research.
Historical Documents 2.2.2 The study of Wansdyke has largely agreed that the historical context of its construction lay in the political turbulence of the Early-medieval period (AD 410 to 1066). In the absence of original records and chronicles for the British Kingdoms of the Avon area, historians have been obliged to consider the events of this period as recorded in later documents such as the Anglo- Saxon Chronicles. These documents can often be inaccurate, either by accident or through purposeful misreporting. From the available historic sources, two periods of conflict are recorded within the Avon area which have both been argued to have provided the necessary context for the construction of Wansdyke.
2.2.3 The first conflict concerns the incursion of Anglo-Saxon groups during the mid-sixth century which culminated in a battle at Dyrham in 577. The second conflict was that between the emergent kingdoms of Mercia and Wessex in the mid-seventh century. Whilst both events could be argued to provide the motivation and political climate for erecting defensive structures, the possible inaccuracy of the sources from which they are drawn, and the absence
1 14th century copy of Marksbury charter of AD 936, Chartulary of Glastonbury Abbey at Longleat (MS39) 2 The AD 961 charter of ‘Tottanstoc’ or South Stoke from the Chartulary of Bath Abbey
2. Understanding 6 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
of information on the internal pressures of the area during the period, may suggest that they were not the only factors at work.
Boundaries 2.2.4 Consideration of historical boundaries along the route of Wansdyke has been seen to provide a significant indicator of the date of construction. The Anglo-Saxon charters produced for the area in the tenth century were composed to re-establish an earlier pattern of land ownership that had been eroded during the turmoil associated with the Viking invasions of the previous century.
2.2.5 Detailed examination of the boundaries presented in these documents has indicated the line of Wansdyke was typically not used as a boundary feature. The use of Wansdyke for the South Stoke boundary is a significant exception to the pattern. This pattern has been interpreted as an indication that Wansdyke was superimposed upon earlier tenurial arrangements, and was not sufficient or enduring enough to alter pre-existing boundaries (AAU 1995, 22) that have been suggested to have originated in the Romano-British period (ibid. 26), or Wansdyke had fallen from the collective memory as a boundary.
2.2.6 An alternative view is that the construction of Wansdyke is of a later date which post- dates the formulation of parish boundaries during the 8th century onwards (Reynolds and Langlands, 2006), hence why the boundary is not incorporated into parish boundaries. However, the 1995 Management Plan does note subtleties along the route of the West Wansdyke and on the tithing boundaries curious dog-leg boundaries occur along the old boundary of Stanton Drew and between Stanton Prior which follows the Wansdyke.
Field and Place-name 2.2.7 An analysis of field and place-name evidence identified only three fields along the route of Wansdyke which derived from their proximity to the feature. The reluctance to use Wansdyke as a criterion in naming fields is not clearly evident.
2.2.8 The name Wansdyke derives from Wodnes Dic, its earliest documented form literally meaning Woden’s dyke, the chief deity of the pagan Anglo-Saxon pantheon. The name appears in eighth- and tenth-century charters for East Wansdyke, and West Wansdyke may have received its name by extension. Whilst Fox proposed that the name indicates the monument dates to the seventh century, it is also theorised that the name could have been applied by the Anglo- Saxons to an existing feature.
2.2.9 The place-name Publow derives from the Mercian personnel name Pybba and the word Hlaew, meaning a burial ground or hill. The Mercian origin of the place-name is significant as it is within an area where there are no other such derivations, and which cannot be demonstrated to have ever lain within Mercian territory. Where similar place-names are used within Worcestershire and Warwickshire they are commonly linked to an early phase of Anglo-Saxon colonisation (AAU 1995, 24). This point is of interest when considering the theory put forward by Reynolds for Wansdyke being a territorial boundary between Mercia and West Saxons.
2.2.10 Marksbury derives from the Old English burh and mearc meaning a stronghold at a boundary. The boundary in question could be construed as Wansdyke, although other possibilities are equally valid.
2.2.11 A 1310 charter of enfeoffments in the parish of Long Ashton, situated to the southwest of Bristol, contains a reference to a Wansdyke Lane which is the only evidence to support the
2. Understanding 7 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
view that the Wansdyke extended any further west than Maes Knoll (Gardner 2008).
Roads and Lanes 2.2.12 A study of the roads and lanes within the area surrounding Wansdyke was undertaken in 1995 in order to investigate whether the alignment of the monument had been respected any existing routes, or affected the alignment of later roads. It is believed that the monument would have represented a significant obstacle to transport and the several terminus identified along its route had been constructed to facilitate communication.
2.2.13 The examination of the roads indicated that the vast majority were laid down when the dyke was not a constraint. The discussion of roads and lanes within the 1995 report does not go into detail, and could potentially benefit from re-examination.
2.2.14 Writing in 1830, Rev. J. Skinner reported that Yanley Lane was locally known by some as Wansley Street, leading to the possibly historical association of the road with Wansdyke (Gardner 2008).
The Dyke as a Defensive Structure 2.2.15 The function of West Wansdyke is not certain. The relative small scale of the monument, the absence of fortifications along the bank or the network to support its defence suggests the dyke was unsuitable as a defensive barrier. The location of the monument off of the crests of hills with strategic views overlooking the fertile plain of the Avon Valley, has been viewed as an indication that the builders did not have a free choice in the siting (Fox et al. 1958, 45). Despite its flaws the very construction of a linear bank and ditch, which incorporates hillforts along its route, is characteristic of a defensive structure.
2.3 History of Study 2.3.1 This section briefly describes how West Wansdyke has been studied through history. The Wansdyke was subject to antiquarian scrutiny as early as John Aubrey’s Monumenta Britannica of the 17th century. However, the investigation of West Wansdyke has historically been overshadowed by the better preserved remains of East Wansdyke.
2.3.2 Work attempting to characterise West Wansdyke was undertaken in the early 19th century, partially by John Collinson, and surveyed in detail later by Colt Hoare.
2.3.3 Studies in the following decades were engaged in speculation and theorising as to the origin of the monument. The results of these works were often unsubstantiated with the assertion that it was built in response to Belgic invaders particularly fashionable. These theories were later put to rest by excavations of the East Wansdyke in 1899 by Pitt Rivers which proved, though inconclusively, that the dyke was probably Roman or Post-Roman in date.
2.3.4 A comprehensive, though flawed, survey of Wansdyke was undertaken in the early 20th century by Albany F. Major. His findings, published in “The Mystery of Wansdyke” (Major and Burrows, 1926), were later questioned with many earthworks recorded by Major discredited as misidentified modern field-banks (Crawford 1953, 252).
2.3.5 Examination of Wansdyke by O.G.S. Crawford proposed that East and West Wansdyke formed a continuous defensive feature, with the gaps filled by local rivers (Crawford 1953, 253). This theory was modified by Anthony Clark suggesting that the two sections were part of a single construction period, but comprised political boundaries which were not necessarily continuous (Clark 1958).
2. Understanding 8 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
2.3.6 The most comprehensive survey of the mid-twentieth century is commonly held to be that undertaken by Sir Cyril and Lady Aileen Fox which systematically examined the dyke (Fox et al 1958). They concluded that the West Wansdyke was integral and unconnected to the eastern section.
2.3.7 Both Crawford and the Foxes dismissed the suggestion that the dyke continued towards the Bristol Channel beyond Maes Knoll, which they considered to be its westernmost terminus. More recent documentary research by Gardener (1998) has argued that the monument continued to a terminus at Stokeleigh Camp, in the Avon Valley.
2.3.8 As noted in the 1995 Management Plan, the Foxes’ most important contribution was to recognise the threat posed by modern agriculture, and on their recommendations several of the well-preserved sections were scheduled and Ordnance Survey maps amended (AAU, 1995, 13).
2.3.9 There was a resurgence of interest in the monument in the late 20th century. A number of rescue excavation were undertaken during the 1960s and 1970s (details below in Section 2.4). The continued threat from erosion and agriculture provided the basis for further detailed survey. In 1986 Avon County Council commissioned the ACCES (Avon County Community Environment Scheme) to survey and appraise the archaeological potential and management possibilities for the monument.
2.3.10 The recommendations of the ACCES survey culminated in The West Wansdyke Project, a joint venture between Avon Archaeological Unit and English Heritage during 1995-6 which was designed to investigate the route, date and construction of West Wansdyke. The project included a detailed desk-top assessment and a programme of field walking and observations identifying 40 sites for geophysical review, of which 11 were selected for excavation. A summary of the findings of the excavations was subsequently published by Jonathan G. P. Erskine in 2007.
2.4 Archaeological Interventions 2.4.1 Given the importance and interest in West Wansdyke, there have been relatively few extensive archaeological investigations, and of these only a minority have published results in any detail. In total there have been 81 intrusive or non-intrusive investigations recorded along West Wansdyke. These are listed in Appendix 1 and the locations are illustrated on Figure 3.1 and 3.2. In a few instances the wrong National Grid Reference has been recorded in the primary record (HER or NMR). In total only 11 of the published investigations provide any detail on the stratigraphy of the monument and this summarised in Table 2.
2.4.2 Overall, these investigations have been rather small scale and either in response to a direct threat or loss (e.g. pipeline, road widening, housing) or the 1996 EH-funded investigations. Archaeological watching briefs undertaken in response to development along the route of West Wansdyke are much more limited in scale, and in some cases either provide inconclusive or indicate negative results. However, they do provide an additional record that would benefit from consideration alongside more comprehensive studies.
2.4.3 The westernmost investigation is recorded at Lower Court Farm, Yanley, Ashton to the west of Maes Knoll. Excavations here were in in advance of housing development, which exposed a settlement of medieval date. Associated with this was a linear feature described as 'a hollow- way or silted up boundary ditch', which ran north up the hill towards the main A 370 road. Possibly Wondesditch Lane. The results of the excavation were inconclusive for the
2. Understanding 9 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
continuation of West Wansdyke beyond Maes Knoll.
Ditch Bank Date of material from:
primary/
within intermed- Name Date / pre-bank bank iate fills
Excavator Width (m) Depth (m) Profile Width (m) Height (m) as remains Revetment Counterscarp Berm contexts deposits of ditch Hursley Hill 1983/ V 5.4 1.8 - - N - - - - - Charles shaped Brown Blackrock V Bronze Lane, Publow 4.8 2.7 12.5 1.7 Y Y N Neolithic Neolithic shaped Age 1995-6 / AAU Fairy Hill, Compton Romano- Dando 6.5 - - 12.5 - N N Y - - British 1991 / J. Erskine Compton Green, V Compton 5.8 2.8 13 0.8 Y Y N Prehistoric Prehistoric - shaped Dando 1995-6 / AAU Stanton Prior 5.5- 1.2 V 1967/ Peter ------6.0 -2.1 shaped Fowler Park Farm, Newton St. V 5.5 2.4 10 - N Y N - - - Loe shaped 1995-6 / AAU Englishcombe 1969/ Peter 5.5 1.2 - 6.7 0.9 ------Fowler Odd Down Late? 1969/ Peter 6 - - 9 2.5 - - Y - - Saxon Fowler Bronze Age Binces Lane U (residual?) West 6 2.4 5 - Y Y N - - shaped or 1995-6 / AAU Romano- British Binces Lane U Romano- Romano- East 3.5 1.7 12.5 - Y Y N Prehistoric shaped British British 1995-6 / AAU Table 2: Stratigraphy recorded along the monument
1960s Peter Fowler 2.4.4 Peter Fowler undertook a number of watching briefs during the construction of roads and water mains across West Wansdyke during 1967-1970 at Stanton Prior, Odd Down and Compton Dando (CBA 1979, 20 and 1969, 52).
2. Understanding 10 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
2.4.5 His excavation at Compton Dando were enhanced by in 1992 by AC Archaeology who investigated the southern extent of the bank, identifying eroded bank material continued around 8 m beyond it (AC Archaeology 1992, 4 and Fig 3).
1983 Hursley Hill 2.4.6 Archaeological recording was undertaken to record a section cut through Wansdyke on the A37 during road widening works to the north of a former railway bridge. The bank was observed to have been levelled, however a section through the ditch was exposed illustrating it was V-shaped about 5.4 m wide at the top and 1.8 m deep. The ditch was observed to have been filled with Lias Clay without stratification and identical to the natural into which the ditch had been cut. No sign of revetment was observed (Browne 1987, 18).
1990 Avon County Planning Department 2.4.7 J.G.P. Erskine excavated two trenches over Wansdyke in December 1990 in advance of planned residential development at Fairy Hill, Compton Dando. The results were published as grey literature (Avon County Planning Department 1991).
Fairy Hill, Compton Dando 2.4.8 Excavation was unable to locate a ditch, although revisiting the results Erskine suggests the possibility that a 6.5 m wide ditch may have existed beyond a 2 m berm to the north of the bank (2007, 94). The bank was identified to be of multi-phase construction, and between 12.5 and 14 m wide. No evidence of a revetment was observed. Several small sherds of Romano- British pottery were recovered from bank make up deposits.
1995-6 Avon Archaeological Unit 2.4.9 The Avon Archaeological Unit excavations of 1995-6 present the most comprehensive attempt to form an evidence base for the monument. The result of the excavations, published by J.G.P. Erskine in 2007, presents a summary of five trenches which positively identified the dyke.
2.4.10 A targeted programme of bore hole logging and geophysical survey was also undertaken with mixed results. Geophysical survey identified a ditch on either side of the bank in Fields 95, 97, 99, 100B-C, 112 and possibly 133 which is believed to have provided material for the construction of the bank. Only one control survey was undertaken over a known area of levelled monument (Field 67, event 30) which was unable to locate it, questioning the validity of the results in areas where no archaeological remains were recorded.
Blackrock Lane, Publow 2.4.11 Excavation recorded the ditch to be 4.8 m wide and 2.7 m deep with a steep V-shaped profile. A narrow square sided channel had been excavated at the base of the ditch. The bank was measured at 12.5 m wide and survived to 1.7 m high. Two layers of topsoil or turf formation were identified on the bank, suggesting the bank construction may have been undertaken in three separated phases (Plate 3). A revetment trench was excavated at the back of the break of slope, likely for a timber retaining structure. A small assemblage of seven flint tools and flakes were recovered from within the bank and ditch fills. The flint was considered to be of Middle to Late Neolithic date (3300 to 2200 BC).
2.4.12 Radiocarbon dating was undertaken for three samples taken from a charcoal layer sealed by the base bank deposit. These produced calibrated dates between 1000 and 520 BC at 95% confidence indicating the layer comprised a buried soil horizon dating to Late Bronze Age.
2. Understanding 11 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Plate 3: Excavated section of bank at Blackrock Lane, Publow showing construction phasing Photo reproduced courtesy of Barbara Bowes
2.4.13 Environmental samples taken from this section indicated that the when the dyke was built the surrounding environment was either cultivated or under pasture with cereal grains recovered from the buried soil within the bank. Pollen analysis indicated that the area was dominated by grassland after construction, with secondary ditch deposits illustrating an increase in tree and shrub pollen.
Compton Green, Compton Dando 2.4.14 The ditch section at this location was 5.8 m wide with a depth of 2.8 m and a shallow V-shaped profile. The bank was 13 m wide and survived to a height of 0.8 m. There were indications of a possible timber revetment and a northern counterscarp bank. Three sherds of prehistoric pottery and two flint flakes were recovered from the primary bank make up and an additional two prehistoric flint flakes from beneath the bank. The flintwork was given a range of Mesolithic to Early Bronze Age, with the most probable date Early to Middle Neolithic.
Binces Lane East 2.4.15 Excavation showed a c. 3.5 m wide and 1.7 m deep ditch with broad U-shaped profile. Possible evidence of collapsed stone revetment. The bank had originally been c. 12.5 m wide. Romano- British material was recovered from within the primary fill of the ditch and within the base deposits of the bank and counterscarp.
Binces Lane West 2.4.16 The main ditch was c. 6 m wide and 2.4 m deep with a broad U-shaped profile, with steeper V- shaped slot along its base. Possible evidence of collapsed stone revetment. The bank was recorded at 5 m wide, and had been severely truncated by ploughing. To the south of the bank was a shallow flat-bottomed and vertical-sided ditch containing a group of possible post- settings. A prehistoric bone tool and struck flint flake were recovered from the ditch fill, with the tool dated by Radiocarbon dating 1450-1260 BC (the Middle Bronze Age). Single Romano-
2. Understanding 12 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
British sherds were recovered from the fill of the southern ditch, from subsoil deposit, and the intermediate fill of the main ditch. The prehistoric material in this context was considered by Erskine to have been residual.
2.4.17 This ditch section was seen as characteristic of dyke terminals, suggesting that this point represented an entrance point or strategic gap in the line of the dyke.
Park Farm, Newton St. Loe 2.4.18 The ditch was demonstrated to be c. 5.5 m wide and 2.4 m deep with a symmetrical V-shaped profile. Only thin remains of the bank survived, illustrating it was around 10 m wide. No evidence of a revetment was observed. The presence of a former counterscarp was noted. No dating evidence was recovered.
1998 Avon Archaeological Unit 2.4.19 In July 1998 AAU recorded a section exposed during the excavation of an agricultural drain through a scheduled section of West Wansdyke (NHLE 1003066) to the northeast of Norton Malreward (AAU 1998).
Land East of Norton Malreward 2.4.20 The bank was recorded to be approximately 10 m wide, with a ditch on its northern side. No finds were observed.
2.5 Summary of Archaeological Investigations 2.5.1 The following key points have been demonstrated by the investigations across West Wansdyke:
Where the bank survives there is evidence for multiple phases of construction such as Blackrock Lane
Although Wansdyke may not survive as a visible earthwork, excavations have revealed sub- surface deposits to exist of the ditch and eroded bank. This may indicate the gaps along its route may result from historic loss of the monument rather than the premise that it was never constructed
The construction appears to vary along its length including stone revetment, berms, counterscarps and a ditch on the south side of the monument.
The presence of early prehistoric material and the retrieved radiocarbon dates have not been fully explained
2.6 Characterising the Monument 2.6.1 To assist in understanding the monument, its survival and condition, the differing character along the route of West Wansdyke was identified. This was informed by a documentary review of previous work and detailed walkover survey which captured its current level of survival. As a result, the route was divided in 70 sections based on survival/presence and designation. Categories for evidence were adopted in accordance with the English Heritage Evidence Thesaurus (Table 3).
2. Understanding 13 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
In 1995 In 2014 Category Definition No. Scheduled No. Scheduled Monument existing as an upstanding 16 earthwork, ditch or artificial watercourse, or 16 Earthwork 27 Scheduled 19 as a low stone built feature not covered by Scheduled (53%) the other categories. Levelled Monument visible as remains of former 2 2 8 9 Earthwork earthworks. Scheduled Scheduled Monument visible as a mark in standing crops or parchmarks, but where no subsurface deposits have been proven e.g. by 0 Cropmark 1 0 Scheduled 2 excavation or other ground disturbance, in Scheduled which case SUB SURFACE DEPOSIT should be used. Monument either never or no longer visible above ground surface, but whose presence is Sub-Surface indicated by proven below ground 0 1 0 Scheduled 4 Deposit stratigraphy revealed by deliberate Scheduled investigation, including geophysical survey, or other surface disturbance Monument type/interpretation is inferred, based on informed speculation e.g. by Conjectural 0 comparison with similar monuments, 8 0 Scheduled 23 Evidence Scheduled proximity to other monuments, topography, site character etc. Current recorded information does not give Uncertain 1 the evidence for a monument, or the 17 1 Scheduled 12 Evidence Scheduled information is regarded as unreliable. All physical evidence for a monument has certainly been completely destroyed (allowing no future reinvestigation) by 0 Destroyed 1 0 Scheduled 1 activity implying substantial ground Scheduled disturbance; e.g. quarrying, road cutting, or natural disaster, erosion, acts of God etc. Table 3: Character of West Wansdyke
2.6.2 A comparison is provided with the character of the monument in 1995 as interpreted from the Management Plan document. The reduction in the number of earthworks is in some areas is due to a reconsideration of evidence to conjectural, whilst in two instances it is due to the condition changing from Earthwork to Levelled Earthwork (Zones 4 and 6). The single instance of Scheduled uncertain evidence relates to the possible continuation of the dyke within Maes Knoll. In Zone 8 a section described as a levelled earthwork is now visible only as a cropmark.
2.6.3 To assist in the proposed management of the monument, the separate sections were aggregated together to form monument zones. These zones were based upon the survival of the monument, current landuse, topographical position, configuration of the monument (i.e. presence of known terminus which reflects a deliberate break in the monument). This produced 17 monument zones, which are illustrated on Figures 4.1 and 4.2 and forms the basis of the management gazetteer (Appendix 2). As the zones reflect the varying survival of the monument, the zones vary in length along the monument but have been related back to the management field parcel number used in the 1995 plan.
2. Understanding 14 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
2.6.4 The following Management Zones were created:
Monument Location 1995 Field Numbers Zone 1 Maes Knoll to Norton Lane [1-3] 2 Norton Lane to Railway Spinney [5-8] 3 Railway Spinney to A37 [8-13] 4 A37 to Blackrock Lane (Cottles) [15-19] 5 The Publow Gap (Cottles to Knowle [19-55] Farm) 6 Knowle Farm to River Chew [55-62] 7 River Chew to Gully Wood [63-71] 8 Gully Wood to Wansdyke House [71-86] 9 Stantonbury Hill [87-92] 10 Stantonbury to Dog Kennel Wood [94-99] 11 Dog Kennel Wood to Park Farm [100-109] 12 Park Farm to Pennsylvania Farm [109-116] 13 Pennysylvian Farm to Englishcombe [117-123] 14 Englishcombe to Breach Wood [124-131] 15 Breach Wood to Middle Wood [132] 16 Middle Wood to A367 [133 – 136] 17 A367 to Combe Down [137-141] Table 4: Monument Zones
2.7 The Monument in its Landscape 2.7.1 To try and better understand the presence and absence of the monument, its conservation values and the contribution made to its setting to its significance as a monument a review of its topographic position was undertaken (Figure 5). This comprised of a review of Ordnance Survey contour data, observation made during the field survey and the creation of a series of Zones of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) for sections of the monument which reflect its general topographic position (e.g. hillslope, river valley, plateau). The ZTVs are based upon a ‘bare- earth’ model which assumes the earthwork bank to be 2 m high and the observer to be 1.6 m in height. These ZTVs are illustrated in Figures 6.1 and 6.2. A brief summary of the observations are presented in this section.
Maes Knoll (Zone 1) 2.7.2 The ramparts at Maes Knoll and the section of the dyke that extends eastwards down the hillslope to Norton Lane, defines the northeast corner of the higher ground of Dundry Hill. As a result there is a high level of visibility in all directions with long distance panoramic views possible from this zone. Views along the monument towards Publow Hill are possible with Stantonbury hillfort prominent on the skyline.
Maes Knoll to Blackrock (Zones 2-4) 2.7.3 Wansdyke follows the southern edge of a valley which forms a tributary of Publow Brook. The dyke is set upon the north facing slope just off the ridgeline of the plateau which defines the landscape to the south towards Norton Malreward. The location of the dyke would have foreshortened the view southwards but its position limits views northwards and it faces against the opposing ridgeline of the valley 400 m to the north (Plate 4). A couple of termini are suggested by previous surveys and analysis of the contour plan suggests these appear to relate to slight dry valleys or potentially seasonally wet area.
2. Understanding 15 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Plate 4: View south towards Scheduled section at Norton Malreward, south of New Barn Farm
Plate 5: View of landscape north of Wansdyke at Cottles, Publow
2.7.4 To the east of the A37 is a designated section of West Wansdyke. This broadly runs across slope towards Publow Brook. It does retain slightly higher ground to the south but is overlooked by Hursley Hill ridge between 500-600 m to the north (Plate 5). This constrains the view northwards but does mean the dyke would have been visible from the opposing slope. The enclosed nature of the topography contributes to the sense of seclusion and intimacy. A terminus, now destroyed, is recorded to the west of Publow Brook (Plate 6) and there is no reason why a similar terminus did not exist on the opposite side of the brook. The relationship to the opposing northern ridgeline as a skyline feature, views down the valley, views back to Maes Knoll and the space south of the dyke to the ridgeline are considered important in terms of setting of these zones.
2. Understanding 16 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Plate 6: Condition of truncated terminus north of Cottles, Publow ‘The Publow Gap’ (Zone 5) 2.7.5 This zone is defined by the general absence of evidence for the continuation of the dyke. As part of the 1995 Plan a course was proposed that broadly followed Slate Lane, which looped northwards of Knowle Farm at its eastern end, and this route is shown on the illustrations in this Plan. If this route is correct it would run along the north facing slope of Wooscombe Bottom, a steep sided valley. Based on the ZTV this alignment has one of the smallest amounts of visibility to the north. There are views to the eastern side of the Chew Valley and Stantonbury hillfort is prominent on the skyline, as is Dundry Hill and Maes Knoll in the opposite direction. The restricted view down Wooscombe Bottom is prominent from Slate Lane.
Plate 7: View west along Slate Lane and possible alignment of Wansdyke
2. Understanding 17 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Compton Dando to Stantonbury (Zones 6-8) 2.7.6 The Wansdyke transverses a rolling landscape from the western edge of the valley at Compton Dando to the foot of Stantonbury Hill. From the east of Compton Dando there are long views down the Chew Valley toward the Avon (Plate 8) but views along the monument are limited to the higher ground to the east and west. At a local level the dyke does follow the line of a north facing slope and the dyke is set off the brow of the hillslope. Out of the Chew Valley the ground rises to the north at Lye Hill and Long Hill but this ridgeline is over 400 m to the north of the monument. The termini that are recorded along the course of the dyke relate to openings for the Rive Chew and Bathford Brook.
Plate 8: View down the Chew Valley north of the Wansdyke at Compton Dando Stantonbury Hill (Zone 9) 2.7.7 As with Maes Knoll due to the elevated position there are extensive views along the monument back to Dundry Hill, although views eastwards are limited to the ridgeline at Park Farm in Newton St Loe with no views to Newton brook and Englishcombe. There are views to the north over the Corston plateau and views down along the western edge of the Chew Valley.
Stantonbury Hill to Englishcombe (Zones 10-12) 2.7.8 The dyke descends the eastern hillslope at Stantonbury and crosses relatively level ground towards Corston Brook. At this point there are clear views along the course of the dyke to Park Farm and down the Corston Brook valley, virtually to the Avon Valley (Plate 9). The course of Wansdyke cuts off the headwater of Corston Brook, with a small tributary to the north of the monument. A terminus on the dyke to the east of Corston Brook would suggest there was an opening in the dyke for the watercourse. The dyke generally keeps the higher ground to the south as it extends upslope to Park Farm. From this elevated position there are panoramic views to the north and northwest.
2.7.9 The route of Wansdyke is not certain to the east of Park Farm until it reaches Newton Brook. It is speculated that it curves southwards around the head of a valley which forms a tributary of Newton Brook. This provides views down Newton Brook Valley but with limited visibility back
2. Understanding 18 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
up the valley to the south near Pennsylvania Farm (Plate 10).
Plate 9: View west to Stantonbury Hill and towards Avon Valley near to Park Farm, Newton St Loe
Plate 10: View from Englishcombe Church towards Pennsylvania Farm
Englishcombe to Odd Down (Zones 13-16) 2.7.10 Wansdyke crosses Newton Brook and traverse the north facing hillslopes to the west of Englishcombe. The dyke keeps the higher ground to the south and is set to be appreciated from the opposing ridgeline at Southdown, approximately 800 m to the north. The views to and from the monument to Southdown are very prominent and focuses the views northwards (see Plate 2). There are oblique longer distance views down Newton Brook Valley. The
2. Understanding 19 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
openness of the rural landscape and the spatial relationship to the village contributes to the setting of the monument.
Plate 11: Views to Rush Hill from Wansdyke, east of Breech Wood
2.7.11 To the east of Englishcombe the route is uncertain until the scheduled earthwork to the east of Breach Wood. The dyke crosses a tributary of Newton Brook and is demarcated by a terminal end to the earthwork east of Breach Wood. Views are very limited in this zone to the opposing higher ground to the north at Rush Hill (Plate 11). However the monument is separated from this higher ground by a steep and deep valley which runs parallel to the dyke to the north. The exact course of Wansdyke is not known to the east of Middle Wood but it is presumed to extend southwards around Vernham Wood and the head of the valley for Rush Hill.
Plate 12: Views along Odd Down section
2. Understanding 20 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Odd Down (Zone 17) 2.7.12 The surviving earthwork between Odd Down and South Stoke extends from the head of the valley at Rush Hill at its western end and extends straight across the plateau to the head of Horsecombe Valley. The straightness of this section of West Wansdyke is often considered to be unusual but when set against the relatively flat topography of this area it is clear that it traverses the shortest distance between valley heads.
2.7.13 The setting of the monument has been degraded by the surrounding built development but its location on the plateau can still be appreciated at its eastern end. To the west of Milford Road the open ground allows the topographic position of West Wansdyke to be appreciated (Plate 12). It is clear, as with other zones, the earthwork is set off the actual brow of the hill and it is located on a north facing slope. The visibility of the monument is rather limited to Odd Down, Combe Down and Bathampton Down to the northeast. What is interesting to note is the lack of visibility into Horsecombe Valley at the eastern end of West Wansdyke.
2.8 A re-consideration of the monument 2.8.1 As part of the baseline research a review of the aerial photographs and historical maps consulted as part of the 1995 survey was undertaken. A number of features were noted which may assist in the understanding of the monument.
‘The Publow Gap’ (Zone 5) 2.8.2 The most interesting feature to be noted in this section is the form of the parish boundary between Publow and Compton Dando, along the ridge of Publow Hill. The boundary clearly demarcates a long narrow strip, the dimensions of which are similar to the unusual dog-leg boundaries noted elsewhere in the 1995 plan where Wansdyke is incorporated and is similar to the enclosure pattern on the known section of West Wansdyke north of Cottles, Publow. A faint soilmark extends eastwards from the parish boundary suggestive of an earlier boundary (RAF/CPE/UK/1869 frame 3184, taken 04/12/1946:(Plate 13).
Plate 13: Extract of 1946 aerial photograph showing unusual parish boundary (left) and soil mark/ earthwork above Pepper Shells (right) © EHA, Swindon
2.8.3 An aerial photograph (RAF/CPE/UK/1869 frame 3184, taken 04/12/1946) shows a crop or soil
2. Understanding 21 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
mark to the south of Slate Lane, west of Knowle Farm, which may indicate the course of the dyke. However this area has now been developed for dwellings. However it is difficult to make the alignment of this soilmark to join the known orientation of the monument and may not in fact relate to the monument.
2.8.4 The same aerial photograph from 1946 (RAF/CPE/UK/1869 frame 3184, taken 04/12/1946: Plate 14) appears to show the matching terminus to the Scheduled area north of Cottles, Blackrock Lane on the eastern side of Publow Brook as an earthwork and a possible continuation of an earthwork eastwards. The latter appears to be demarcated by shadow line to the north of a possible low bank.
Plate 14: Extract of 1946 aerial photograph showing possible earthworks east of Publow Brook © EHA, Swindon
Compton Dando (Zone 6) 2.8.5 A soilmark is clearly visible on a number of aerial photographs to the west of Pepper Shells (RAF/CPE/UK/1869 frame 3184: Plate 13, taken 04/12/1946 and RAF/CPE/UK/2043 frame 4058, taken on 22/01/48), near the plateau of the hill, to the east of Knowle Farm. This alignment appears to be further south than the postulated line investigated as part of the AAU 1995-6 investigations and was on the cusp of the geophysical survey transect across this field. Based upon the analysis of the topographical setting of the monument it is suggested this is the course of the Wansdyke.
East of Englishcombe (Zone 14) 2.8.6 Analysis of the topographical setting of West Wansdyke suggests the course is set on a north facing slope, just off the ridgeline or plateau. The currently suggested course of the monument to the east of Englishcombe is considered to be too far to the north. This course is set at the bottom of the slope rather than as an alignment that would have been located in front of the ridgeline opposing the other side of the valley. A cropmark is visible on a number of aerial photographs (RAF/3G/TUD/UK/15/25 frame 5033, taken on 14/01/46: Plate 15) extending across the field. The cropmark does not appear to relate to any known earlier boundaries shown on historic maps and the alignment of the cropmarks seems to be crossed by the plough. A wide, low bank was noted on the western boundary of Breach Wood as part of the walkover condition survey which may match with this alignment.
2. Understanding 22 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Plate 15: Extract of 1946 aerial photograph showing soilmark, east of Englishcombe © EHA, Swindon
2.9 Ecology along the monument 2.9.1 As part of the condition survey, possible ecological constraints and values were assessed by an Ecus senior ecologist. The following observations were made.
2.9.2 There are no statutorily designated sites (i.e. Ramsar, SACs, SPAs, SSSISs, NNRs, LNRS) along the route. Peppershells Wood is classed as Ancient Woodland as are Breach Wood, Middle Wood and Vernham Wood at the eastern end. Woodland pockets at Peppershells Wood and Stantonbury Hill both have potential for dormice supported by records from the NBN (National Biological Network) Gateway.
2.9.3 The Bath and Bradford on Avon SAC is within 1km at its closes point with the Scheduled Monument (at the eastern end). The site is designated as it supports 15% of the UK greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum population in a hibernation roost.
2.9.4 Generally, the route of the monument is set in either arable or improved grassland landscape sometime supporting boundary features such as hedgerows and tree lines. Where the monument is a boundary feature it is considered that it provides a key habitat corridor as the tall ruderal/scrub habitat or the tree lines/hedgerows will be important to terrestrial mammals, and potentially reptiles, in a largely open agricultural landscape.
2.9.5 There was evidence of badgers along the majority of the length of the route but particularly on the section between Glebe Wood and Stantonbury Hill, where pheasant feeders are being exploited by badgers. The only sett positively identified is located in the scheduled area at South Stoke (Zone 17) next to Three Ways School. Other burrowing animals (e.g. rabbits) were noted in scheduled earthwork areas Zone 2 and Zone 9.
2.10 Access and Interpretation Public Access 2.10.1 A number of public rights of way, beyond the existing road network, cross the line of West Wansdyke (Figure 7). There are few locations where it is possible to walk along its course: around Stantonbury Hill (zone 9) and along Odd Down (zone 17). Everywhere else footpaths
2. Understanding 23 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
cross perpendicular to the monument.
2.10.2 There are two national footpaths that cross or are near to the monument: Three Peaks Walk extends around the western edge of Maes Knoll and Two Rivers Walk crosses the line of the monument in the Chew Valley in Compton Dando. As part of the condition survey a number of local walkers (e.g dog walkers, fishermen) were encountered along the footpaths (e.g. Odd Down, Englishcombe, Newton St Loe, Compton Dando). Some limited permitted access is provided as part of the Stewardship Scheme for the Scheduled section to the east of Compton Dando (Zone 7).
Remote Access 2.10.3 On the internet, West Wansdyke is mentioned on a number of websites. The main reference is the Wansdyke21 webpages which provides detailed descriptions and photos of Wansdyke (east and west sections). The course of the Wansdyke is discussed and the website appears to have collated a number of articles on Wansdyke. It comprises of a web-based study which it describes as focusing ‘on the enigmatic, least-known Dark Ages earthwork, known as Wansdyke. Edited by Robert M. Vermaat, it features narrative histories, original source documents and important texts, extensive bibliographies, reading lists, informative articles by guest writers, maps, polls and more. Wansdyke Project 21 is part of Vortigern Studies, which has the internet's most comprehensive treatment of Britain's history from the end of the Roman era to Arthurian times.’ (www.wansdyke21.org.uk)
Interpretation 2.10.4 There is currently very limited interpretation of the monument within the landscape. At South Stoke and Odd Down two new interpretation panels have been erected by the South Stoke parish council. The panels provide a clear description of the monument and introduce the mystery of Wansdyke in terms of date and purpose to the visitor (Plate 16). They also surpass the previous notice panel, erected by the former Wansdyke district council, which only noted the line of the Wansdyke was nearby.
2.10.5 Another Wansdyke District Council notice is located in Englishcombe churchyard. It is in poor condition having been knocked over or the wooden post has rotted and has been left facedown in the churchyard (Plate 16).
Plate 16: Varying condition of interpretation along West Wansdyke
2. Understanding 24 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
2.11 Current Condition 2.11.1 As part of this CMP, a detailed condition survey was carried out for the monument. Observations were made during a walkover survey in November 2013 and February 2014. As part of the condition assessment, the archaeological sensitivity of the various areas of the site, based upon the character of the monument, designation and current land use, were defined along with a consideration of the representative survival of the remains to form the basis of the management zones (section 2.6). The condition based upon HBSMR categories (REP93) and for scheduled monument Heritage at Risk (H@R) criteria were defined, as well as the overall trend of the condition (i.e. stability) based upon observed impacts. By comparing the condition of the monument along its route a condition assessment was produced which subdivided the condition into four broad categories that can be used to focus the location and timing of future management works:
Satisfactory: Generally stable but with possible issues that need to be subject to ongoing monitoring
Minor Concerns: Declining stability in the condition of the monument due to specific issues
Major Concerns: Rapid decline which could further impact on the legibility of the monument
Critical: Urgent action would be suggested to address problems for the survival of the monument
2.11.2 A summary of the survey results are provided in Table 5, illustrated on Figure 8 with a brief overview given in this section of the plan. Further details on the condition are given within the gazetteer for each monument area (Appendix 2). Across the 17 monument zones, a total of 34 condition assessments were made based upon survival of the monument, its current condition and stability.
Condition Overview 2.11.3 In total, 13 areas are considered to be of an overall satisfactory condition. Of these areas, seven are scheduled and are usually not in cultivation but within grass land cover. Two of the scheduled monuments (BA 167- Peppershells and BA 94- East of Compton Dando) are considered to be of improving condition. The section to the east of Compton Dando has been taken out of cultivation as part of a countryside stewardship scheme (Plate 17). This has improved the condition and stability of the monument. The condition of BA 167 has improved since the last EH monitoring visit in 2005 where scrap metal was noted to be dumped on the monument, which has been now removed and evidence of recent scrub clearance at its northern end.
2.11.4 However it should be noted that some management issues are noted in these satisfactory areas which will need long term monitoring to ensure the areas remain in a satisfactory condition. This mainly relates to positive scrub or woody vegetation management on areas of the monument.
2.11.5 In some areas where the course of West Wansdyke is uncertain a ‘satisfactory’ score has been produced as due to the uncertainty of the existence of Wansdyke specific threats can not be identified.
2. Understanding 25 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Plate 17: Improved monument condition under Countryside Stewardship at Compton Dando
2.11.6 There are nine areas that have an overall condition assessment to a level of ‘Minor Concerns’. The majority of these monument areas have a fair condition but are undergoing a gradual decline in stability due to existing management regime. Of these nine areas, six are scheduled and reflects the general positive management of the designated sections of the monument. The main issues relate to scrub management which is starting to obscure the monument and increase the risk of burrowing animals. There are specific issues of grazing animals poaching earthworks sections of the monument especially scheduled lengths (BA 100- Zone 4 and BA 96- Zone 13).
Plate 18: Cattle poaching on scheduled area BA 96
2. Understanding 26 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
2.11.7 There are eight areas that are considered to be of ‘Major Concern’. None of the areas are scheduled but relate to sections of West Wansdyke where the condition is poor due to historical management and, and subject to gradual decline through ongoing processes such as cultivation. This condition assessment category reflects where there has been an obvious decline in the monument between this Plan and the previous 1995 study. Examples include where earthworks are recorded on OS maps or by Erskine in the 1995 monument gazetteer but these earthworks appear to have been levelled through cultivation (e.g. Zone 2- Fields 7 and 8, Zone 10). It is considered the current management regime will substantially remove any evidential value to sub-surface deposits or shallow earthworks that might be present.
2.11.8 There are four areas that are considered to be of a ‘critical’ condition; three of which are scheduled. This includes BA 168 (Zone 2), BA 72 (Zone 9- Stantonbury) and BA 93 (Zone 17- Odd Down).
2.11.9 In Zone 2 this is due to arable clipping of the scheduled area with unchecked scrub on the uncultivated area of the monument which has encouraged burrowing animals (Plate 19). At Stantonbury Hill animal burrowing is noted in the H@R report and woody vegetation is obscuring the definition of the monument.
Plate 19: Arable clipping and scrub growth with burrowing on scheduled section BA 168
2.11.10 The most critical area is the easternmost section of West Wansdyke where a number of management issues (Plate 20) are present built development and garden landscaping including construction of garden outbuildings, dense scrub, badgers, fly-tipping where access routes cross the monument, footpath erosion (with evidence of bikes), and arable clipping of the southern edge of the monument.
2.11.11 The forth ‘critical’ section is a developed area in Compton Dando which has built across the line of Wansdyke and is likely to have substantially damaged any archaeological remains.
2. Understanding 27 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Plate 20: Impacts along scheduled section BA 93 at Odd Down
2. Understanding 28 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Zone 1995 SM SM Heritage at Risk Condition Stability Overall Issues Field criteria condition No 1 1 Y Stable Good Stable Satisfactory 1 3 Y Proposed: fair gradual Minor scrub Generally satisfactory decline concern encroachment, but with minor possible burrowing localised problems 2 007- poor gradual Major arable cultivation 008 decline concern 2 8 Y Generally satisfactory poor rapid Critical arable clipping, but with significant decline scrub localised problems encroachment, burrowing 3 009- poor gradual Major woody vegetation 012 decline concern 4 14- Y Stable fair gradual Minor mature trees, 19 decline concern animal poaching, landscape gardening at western end, burrowing 5 20- uncertain gradual Satisfactory woodland, 56 decline cultivation, accidental damage 6 57 Y stable good improving Satisfactory possible risk from vehicle movement in wet conditions 6 58- very bad gradual Critical housing 60 decline development 6 61- stable stable Satisfactory scrub 62 7 63- Y Stable fair improving Satisfactory scrub at western 68 end, possible burrowing 7 69- Y Stable Good stable Satisfactory 71 8 74 Y Stable fair gradual Minor Trees and scrub decline concern 8 75- poor gradual Major cultivation 79 decline concern 8 80 Y Stable fair stable Minor arable clipping, concern trees 8 81- poor gradual Major arable, housing 84 decline concern 9 87- poor gradual Major cultivation 89 decline concern 9 90- Y Generally poor rapid Critical woodland, scrub, 93 unsatisfactory with decline burrowing, game major localised keeping pens problems 10 94- poor gradual Major cultivation 99 decline concern 11 100 Y Stable Good Stable Satisfactory 11 100- fair Stable Minor
2. Understanding 29 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Zone 1995 SM SM Heritage at Risk Condition Stability Overall Issues Field criteria condition No 102 concern 11 103- Y Proposed: fair gradual Minor Scrub, animal 106 Generally satisfactory decline concern poaching but with minor localised problems 11 107- fair Stable Minor vehicle movement 108 concern along course 12 111- poor gradual Major cultivation, 112 decline concern woodland 12 113- uncertain gradual Satisfactory cultivation, 116 decline woodland 13 117 uncertain Stable Satisfactory grassland 13 118 Y Stable good Stable Satisfactory grassland, possible scrub 13 120- Y Stable fair gradual Minor animal poaching 123 decline concern monument burrowing 14 127- uncertain gradual Satisfactory 131 decline 15 132 Y Stable good Stable Satisfactory 16 133 poor gradual Major cultivation, decline concern woodland, gateway on monument 16 134- uncertain gradual Satisfactory 135 decline 17 136 uncertain rapid Minor landscape garden decline concern 17 137- Y Generally very bad rapid Critical built development, 141 unsatisfactory with decline scrub, badgers, major localised dumping, foot problems erosion, arable clipping Table 5: Monument Zone Condition
2. Understanding 30 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan 3. Significance of the Monument
Plate 21: View westwards along postulated alignment near Wansdyke House
3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 The Understanding chapter describes in some detail what the historic monument of West Wansdyke consists of and begins to put into its wider context. This chapter on Significance attempts to assess why the site is worthy of conservation as a whole.
3.1.2 The following statement of significance considers criteria for determining heritage significance presented in national planning and guidance documents, including: the National Planning Policy Framework (2012); the Department of Culture, Media and Sport’s Principles of Selection for Listed Buildings (2010a) and Scheduled Monuments (2010b); and English Heritage’s Conservation Principles (2008) and designation selection guides for Industrial Sites (2013) and Industrial Buildings (2011). These criteria are broadly covered by four values, comprising:
Evidential value: derives from the potential of a place to yield evidence about past human activity. Considers age/period, rarity, survival/condition, diversity, and potential of the site.
Historical value: derives from the ways in which past people, events and aspects of life can be connected through a place to the present. It tends to be illustrative or associative. Considers documentation, wider context, regional factors, and group value of the site.
Aesthetic value: derives from the ways in which people draw sensory and intellectual stimulation from a place. Considers architectural and artistic merit, selectivity, and national interest of the site.
Communal: Deriving from the meanings of a place for the people who relate to it, or for whom it figures in their collective experience or memory. Communal values are closely bound up with historical (particularly associative) and aesthetic values, but tend to have additional and specific aspects.
3.2 Designations 3.2.1 Brief individual statements of significances were prepared by English Heritage for the following
3. Significance 31 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
designated sections; BA 16, BA 94, BA 95, BA 96, BA 98, BA, 100, and BA 167. The majority of the descriptions are identical except for specific descriptions of survival.
Linear boundaries are substantial earthwork features comprising single or multiple ditches and banks which may extend over distances varying from less than 1km to over 10km. They survive as earthworks or as linear features visible as cropmarks on aerial photographs or as a combination of both. The evidence of excavation and study of associated monuments demonstrate that their construction spans the millennium from the Middle Bronze Age, although they may have been reused later. The scale of many linear boundaries has been taken to indicate that they were constructed by large social groups and were used to mark important boundaries in the landscape; their impressive scale displaying the corporate prestige of their builders. They would have been powerful symbols, often with religious associations, used to define and order the territorial holdings of those groups who constructed them. Linear earthworks are of considerable importance for the analysis of settlement and land use in the Bronze Age.
The monument includes part of the linear boundary (prehistoric) known as the Wansdyke, situated on the summit of a ridge overlooking the valley of a tributary to the River Chew. Geophysical surveys of much of the Wansdyke have shown ditches survive on both sides of the bank; where they are not visible they are preserved as entirely buried features. The linear boundary is known to be prehistoric in origin and was modified during the early medieval period when it was used as a military frontier and boundary work between Wessex and Mercia which was in place by the 9th century. Its name is derived from 'Woden's Dyke', Woden being the Anglo-Saxon god who also gave his name to Wednesday.
3.2.2 Overall the Scheduled sections were identified as surviving comparatively well and containing:
“…archaeological and environmental evidence relating to its construction, longevity, adaptive re-use, military and territorial significance and overall landscape context”
3.2.3 BA 93 and BA 99 were not reviewed under the Monuments Protection Programme, and consequently do not yet have the full List Entry Descriptions of their modernised counterparts.
3.3 Assessment of Values Evidential Value Evidential value derives from the potential of a place to yield evidence about past human activity (EH 2008, 28).
3.3.1 In respect of the paucity of written records, the evidential potential of the monument provides the principal source of evidence about the construction and use of the monument. However, our overall understanding of the date, route, construction and function of West Wansdyke remains relatively poor.
West Wansdyke is of recognised National importance, comprising 15 Scheduled sections of dyke and incorporating 2 Scheduled hill forts. In total there are 444 Scheduled Linear Earthworks in England, with West Wansdyke representing 3.4% of all scheduling of this type of monument. Researchers have typically drawn comparisons to other earthwork dykes including East Wansdyke, Offa’s Dyke and Wat’s Dyke, but have also included the Antonine Wall.
The condition of the monument varies from good to destroyed, with management arrangements focusing on stabilising earthwork and levelled-earthwork remains.
3. Significance 32 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Plate 22: Evidential Value: 1996 excavations along the Wansdyke
Whilst variations in the methods and form of construction have been observed across the changing geology of the monument, they have been seen to be broadly similar.
o Interventions along the route have demonstrated clear and complex stratigraphic sequences within the make-up of the bank where it survives, indicating it was constructed over several stages. Stratigraphy also indicates that deposition was higher to the north, indicative of formation behind a retaining structure. The original size of the bank is estimated to have been 12.5 m wide and 3 m high.
o There is evidence of a revetment wall, with slumped stone possibly indicating a wall in some locations (i.e. Binces Lane West and East, events 43 and 45), with the bank in majority of other areas likely retained by a timber or turf structure.
o The ditch has been typically been measured as between 4-6 m wide and 1-2 m deep, with some of the variation in width and depth deriving from truncation by ploughing.
o There is evidence for a counterscarp formed from stone rubble on the northern side of the ditch in some locations, whilst a berm between the revetment wall and ditch may have been a consistent feature.
th th The preferred date of West Wansdyke is late 4 to 5 century AD, which correlates with known historical events, and fits with the inclusion of Romano-British ceramics within bank contexts. However excavations have also recovered artefactual and radio-carbon dating evidence indicating that the monument may have earlier Bronze Age origins at least in part. The preserved stratigraphic deposits of the ditch and bank retain further evidence for the date of the monument that may elucidate its origins that may be analysed in more detail by modern and future dating techniques.
3. Significance 33 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Investigations around the monument have indicated that there is potential for associated occupational evidence (such as at Knowle Farm). Similar sites may be identified and likely preserve important contextual information on how the monument shaped the lives of those who lived on it or beside it.
A number of gaps in the route of Wansdyke remain unsolved. It is possible that these reflect areas where palisade fences or forms of defence other than a dyke were adopted, where natural features made the construction of the monument un-necessary or where the monument was never completed. In such cases there is a potential for remains to survive within a wider area beyond projected alignments, which could enhance knowledge on divergent areas of the monument.
The 1996 investigations revealed that although there may be no or little surface definition for the course of West Wansdyke, sub-surface deposits do currently survive that contain important deposits of evidential value.
Historical Value Historical value derives from the ways in which past people, events and aspects of life can be connected through a place to the present. It tends to be illustrative or associative (EH 2008, 28).
Plate 23: Historical Value: Line of West Wansdyke at Newton St Loe as low earthwork. Newly planted tree avenue avoids the monument 3.3.2 The available historical documentation relating to the dyke is inconclusive and provides no direct evidence concerning either the date or historical circumstances which prompted the construction of the dyke.
Attempts to understand the monument though consideration of historical sources has illustrated that the majority of the dyke does not respect historically documented tenurial arrangements. This suggests that boundaries were not considered an important consideration in the laying out of the monument, indicating that military considerations were predominant, and that the operational lifetime of the monument to have provided a sufficient obstacle to maintaining contemporary land management.
3. Significance 34 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
The generally accepted principal date of construction of the monument coincides with political turbulence of the Early-medieval period (AD 410 to 1066), and is perhaps directly referred to in the works of Gildas c.540 and the Venerable Bede c.731 AD (Erskine 2013; unpublished).
Aesthetic Value Aesthetic value derives from the ways in which people draw sensory and intellectual stimulation from a place (EH 2008, 30).
Plate 24: Aesthetic Value: West Wansdyke (centre) to the west of Englishcombe village 3.3.3 The open rural setting of much of the monument contributes to this value, providing views that allow the natural topography and environment of the monument to be experienced, as well as preserving visibility to open stretches that reveals its course and linearity.
3.3.4 The course of West Wansdyke and its topographical position on north facing slopes which traverses river valleys and hillslopes provides a variety of landscape character to be appreciated and experienced. The undulating landscape and the opportunity to visit sections of the monument on public rights of way provide key views to, from and along the monument.
3.3.5 The aesthetic qualities of West Wansdyke and its environs have, whilst legible, been considerably impacted upon by modern, unsympathetic development. This is particularly true in Bath and the section which extends across Odd Down and South Stoke.
3. Significance 35 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Communal Value Communal value derives from the meanings of a place for the people who relate to it, or for whom it figures in their collective experience or memory. Communal values are closely bound up with historical (particularly associative) and aesthetic values, but tend to have additional and specific aspects (EH 2008, 31).
Plate 25: Communal Value: Signpost at eastern end of West Wansdyke
3.3.6 Whilst West Wansdyke has a readable presence in the landscape, its legibility has been compromised through the impact of ploughing and urban development that has reduced, and in places concealed, the monument. As a distinctive landscape feature West Wansdyke does possess social value as a landmark, which can hold much communal value. It can provide a tangible link to a mysterious and little understood period of the nation’s history.
The monument has the potential to enable visitors and the local community to visualise and appreciate aspects of the past, including the political instability of the area, the technology of defence, and the social organisation of the communities in the area.
3.3.7 Interest in West Wansdyke at a local level is reflected in the erection of interpretation panels at South Stoke which have greatly enhanced the communal value of the monument. Through the preparation of this Plan, landowners that have been consulted take an interest in the monument on their land and described to the project team how they have attempted to manage their section and preserve its survival.
3.3.8 The number of studies and papers that have been prepared by local planning authorities and local history society indicate the interest in the moment and the strong association that local communities have to the monument, even though its date and function is not fully understood. In a way this ambiguity contributes to the communal value as a range of opinions are put forward. This factor is best represented by the recent (March 2014) symposium held by the Bath Royal and Literary and Scientific Institution.
3.3.9 The current understanding that the monument is of late or post- Roman date in construction provides a communal value at a national and international level. This is reflected in the
3. Significance 36 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Wansdyke 21 website. This wider interest combines the legends of King Arthur and academics studying the transitional period of the early-medieval epoch from the Roman era to the formation of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms.
Contribution of Setting to Significance 3.3.10 Although the setting of the monument has been degraded at Odd Down and South Stoke due to built development, its topographical position can still be appreciated at its eastern end through its physical relationship to the ridgeline and the open ground to the south. This physical relationship to the surrounding topography is a key feature for the entire monument, where scheduled or not and contributes substantially to the setting of the monument. The topography contributes to the historical and evidential values of the monument and the creation of the boundary.
3.3.11 Its relationship to landscape features such as valley, streams and roads is also important and is often demarcated by a terminus along the route of the monument. This reflects the inter- relationship of West Wansdyke to its contemporary landscape and how ‘natural’ elements were or were not incorporated into the design. As West Wansdyke traverses the landscape the experience of the monument changes from a sense of seclusion with restricted views and an enclosed character in river valleys to expansive views and open landscape along ridgelines.
Ecological Value 3.3.12 There are active badger setts within the scheduled area. Under the Protection of Badgers Act 1992, it is an offence to kill, injure, capture or cruelly ill-treat a badger or damage, destroy or obstruct a sett or disturb a badger occupying a sett, unless licensed by Natural England. The badgers are a nationally protected species and are therefore of a high significance. Other protected species which could be affected by any future management proposals include, dormice, nesting birds and potentially bats (relating to tree removal).
3.3.13 The areas of Ancient Woodland at Peppershells Wood, Breach Wood, Middle Wood and Vernham Wood at the eastern end are of national significance. The trees and scrub which form field boundaries along the course of West Wansdyke can be considered a key habitat corridor as the tall ruderal/scrub habitat on it or the tree lines/hedgerows will be important to terrestrial mammals/potentially reptiles in a largely open landscape. This can provide important habitat at a local level of significance.
3.4 Summary of Significance 3.4.1 As described in this chapter the values and significances embodied in West Wansdyke are complex and unique to the character of the monument. The monument as a whole is of considerable evidential and historic value. The nationally designated sections of the monument reinforces the high evidential and historic value yet it is clear the non-designated sections also provide an important contribution to these values. The degradation of these non- designated sections would compromise the overall significance of the monument. Where it is visible as an earthwork it possesses an aesthetic value, in which people can draw sensory and intellectual stimulation from the monument within the landscape. The monument comprises of a broad communal value from the local scale within parishes to that of international interest generated through internet access and academic study.
3. Significance 37 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan 4. Risks and Opportunities
Plate 26: Scheduled length northwest of Cottles, Publow
4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 This section is based upon the ‘risk’ identified as particular problems with physical aspects of the monument which were identified as part of the condition survey and consultation with stakeholders. The risks also include ‘vulnerabilities’, which are those ways in which the monument can be threatened by change or pressure from outside causes e.g. inappropriate development. The risks and opportunities, including gaps in knowledge, are presented under three broad headings:
Research and understanding
Management
Access and Interpretation
4.2 Research and Understanding Historic Environment Record (HER) 4.2.1 The preparation of this Plan has revealed that the HER does not contain the full detail of interventions that have occurred along West Wansdyke. For example, the AAU 1995-6 study is listed as an event in the HER but the individual geophysical or excavations are not represented spatially. This means key information on the survival and character of the Wansdyke is missing from this important database for the management of the historic environment resource for Bath and North East Somerset.
Archives 4.2.2 A recent attempt was made by Erskine to publish a detailed account of the 1995 investigations and a broader discussion of the monument; however this has yet to find a publisher. Much of the earlier archaeological work is disparate and unpublished, making it difficult to assess the
4. Risks and Opportunities 38 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
state of knowledge. This is compounded by the potential loss of previous archive produced during the production of the 1995 management plan. The location of the 1986 ACES archive is currently not known but presumed to be part of the Keynsham and Saltford History Archive.
Dating the Monument 4.2.3 Whilst intrusive investigations undertaken along the monument have illustrated the high potential of both extant and levelled sections of West Wansdyke to provide evidence contributing to our understanding of the monument, they have also demonstrated an overall low potential for artefactual dating evidence. Furthermore the results of radio-carbon dating from sealed contexts within the ditch and beneath the bank have provided dating predating the frequently argued post-Roman date by a millennium (Erskine 2007, 106).
The Course of the Monument 4.2.4 Whilst the 1996 investigations revealed that sub-surface features exist in areas where no earthworks are visible in the current landscape the issue of the large gaps in the course of the monument are yet to be resolved. This includes the ‘Publow Gap’, Newton St Loe and the area to the east of Englishcombe. In addition, queries remain on whether the monument extended westwards from Maes Knoll and possibly eastwards to the Avon Valley from South Stoke.
Investigation of the Monument 4.2.5 Whilst the geophysical survey of the monument during the preparation of the 1995 Management Plan did locate potential archaeological remains in places, there were large areas where no evidence of Wansdyke were identified. The validity of this negative result is brought into question by the failure of the survey to identify the ditch and bank within a control survey over a known extent of levelled earthwork. It is possible that magnetometry was unsuited to ground conditions in places across the dyke.
4.2.6 There is also a long history of non-intrusive investigations, especially earthwork studies, of the monument which have resulted in the most widely published descriptions of the monument. The surveys have not always agreed with one another on the specifics, especially in the discussion of gaps and its continuation beyond its currently proven extents.
4.3 Management and Condition Ownership 4.3.1 Due to the sheer geographical scale and linear nature of the monument, there are a large number of landowners and tenants along its route. As such a comprehensive single approach to the conservation of the monument is difficult.
Designation 4.3.2 The 1995 Management Plan made recommendations for a number of sections to be considered for designation as scheduled monuments. This does not appear to have occurred. Additional sections of levelled earthwork and sub-surface deposits should be considered for Scheduling. Any selection process should take into account preservation of remains across the various geological regions along the route which may preserve varying environmental remains.
Degree of Change 4.3.3 A broad comparison between the condition recorded during the 1995 survey and the current Plan has been achieved. In some areas the reduction in the visibility of the monument has been noted. Comparison of descriptions of the survival of the monument within unscheduled
4. Risks and Opportunities 39 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
areas from the 1970s to the present indicates that large areas are at risk of continued levelling. The degree of change has not been quantified through measured observation that would allow the rate of decay to be assessed.
Nature of Threat 4.3.4 Due to the land use along and surrounding the monument the threat to its survival can be characterised under three broad categories;
Incremental: such as continual ploughing across the monument
Ad-hoc: such as pipelines, drainage or access across the route of the monument
Development: either as proposed planned development on the monument or in its setting or permitted development as part of GPDO legislation
4.3.5 The scale of loss and degree of change varies between the types of threat. Ad-hoc could be a singular but small scale event such as cutting a pipeline. As the degree of change varies from incremental, (by its nature) resulting in gradual change whilst ad-hoc could be an impact that results in the rapid decline of the condition and survival of the monument.
4.3.6 The line of the monument lies within, or adjacent to, areas of urban development at points along its route. Continued urban development in these areas could result in cumulative impacts to the evidential value of the monument.
Burrowing Issues 4.3.7 The action by badgers is actively eroding the structure of West Wansdyke especially in Zone 17. Conflict arises from the future management need to balance the protection of badgers with the threat their burrows pose to the buried heritage asset. At South Stoke the sheer scale of the burrowing and the clear impact on buried archaeological remains means this is a major issue.
Scrub Encroachment 4.3.8 The root growth of young trees can cause extensive disturbance to buried archaeological remains. This is a specific major threat in those areas that are considered to be of higher archaeological sensitivity due to the quality of the surviving earthworks and the survival of buried features. In addition, the presence of scrub and woody vegetation might provide cover for burrowing animals and therefore represents a secondary threat from animal burrowing.
Wind Thrown Trees 4.3.9 A mature tree’s roots will cause little further damage and may even have a stabilising effect on earthworks, but where the canopy shades out grass or other beneficial vegetation below, the ground may be vulnerable to erosion from burrowing animals. Mature or over-mature trees have the potential for damage through wind-throw, i.e. uprooting and felling by the natural action of wind. This can lift archaeological features along with soil around the root plate. Wind-throw on earthworks would compromise their profile which would result in an adverse visual effect on the monument as well as potentially damaging the archaeology and leading to further erosion.
4. Risks and Opportunities 40 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
4.4 Access and Interpretation Public Access 4.4.1 There are a number of footpaths that cross the monument which allow it to be experienced. At South Stoke and Odd Down, and Statonbury Hill it is possible to walk along its alignment. Elsewhere the monument is visible from public rights of way within its wider landscape setting.
Legibility of the Monument 4.4.2 Continued erosion of the monument leading to a lower presence in the landscape, and therefore potentially impacting the potential of the monument to be encountered and experienced by the community.
Interpretation 4.4.3 Apart from the recent well presented interpretation panels erected by South Stoke parish council (see Plate 14) at the eastern end of the monument there are no references to the existence of West Wansdyke elsewhere in the landscape.
4. Risks and Opportunities 41 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan 5. Management Policies
Plate 27: Surveying the monument as part of the Plan
5.1 Introduction 5.1.1 Due to the linear character of the monument and the diverse landscape, land use and ownership that is encountered along its route it is considered that any future management should be informed by an overarching aspirational vision to guide its conservation.
5.1.2 The agreed Vision for West Wansdyke aims to underpin every aspect of its care and management and provide a common goal for all parties involved. The significance of the monument is provided not only by its unique character and survival of evidential and historical values but also its mystery and ambiguity and link to a distant past that contributes to its communal value. The Vision for the future of the monument is based therefore on the fundamental need to conserve and enhance the significance of every aspect of the monument. The Vision is to ensure:
The sustainable management of West Wansdyke, in its varied forms, to ensure its ongoing legibility by enhancing its condition and interpretation whilst respecting its historic form and setting
5.1.3 Conservation is an ongoing process that is required to be implemented and reviewed regularly, rather than being a one off event. The process of conservation involves a series of decisions to inform actions that can be required as long term or ‘day to day’.
5.1.4 Within the Plan, the policies are grouped under various key headings arising out of the issues and opportunities raised. The categories are:
Research and Understanding RU
Management and Condition MC
Access and Interpretation AI
5. Management Policies 42 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
5.2 Research and Understanding (RU) Policies 5.2.1 The overarching policy is:
All processes and aims of conservation including investigation, repair, management and promoting interpretation will be based on the best current understanding of the history, character and condition of the monument
Data Management and Archives RU1: Historic Environment Record should be enhanced and updated to accurately reflect the degree of archaeological interventions along the monument.
RU2: The location of unpublished research, such as ACCES project and the AAU archive (if surviving), should be sought and copies should be made and held by Local Authority (LRO or HER) to ensure its long term durability.
RU3: Seek the publication of unpublished reports e.g. Erskine/ AAU 1996 to ensure wide circulation of knowledge.
RU4: Ensure that archaeological excavation and investigation reports are published at the earliest opportunity as without this they remain of little value to the academic community and to managers of the monument.
Dating the Monument RU5: The disparity between historic and landscape analysis and archaeological dating evidence requires particular attention, and future interventions should aim to retrieve new dating evidence, possibly in the form of OSL (optically stimulated luminescence) analysis that has been of proven facility in dating other linear monuments.
Course of the Monument RU6: Research should focus on the known gaps to confirm the presence or absence of the monument in these areas. In particular, the possibility of the route of the monument deviating from that currently projected and/or comprising a different constructional form should be considered.
Investigating the Monument RU7: Further investigations offer the opportunity to expand and refine knowledge of the monument but should address regional and national research agendas and aim the focus on the known gaps and addressing dating issues.
RU8: Future investigation should prioritise those unscheduled areas under most threat of loss to permit the retrieval of information rather than focusing on the best preserved sections.
RU9: Investigations to target the location of termini in the landscape to better understand their positioning and function along the monument.
RU10: Consider the continuation of West Wansdyke eastwards from South Stoke and westwards from Maes Knoll.
RU11: Areas where evidence of settlement activity along the line of the monument should be identified due to their potential to relate to the provision of stationing of builders and
5. Management Policies 43 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
potential defenders of the monument, and how the construction of the monument impacted contemporary and later settlement.
RU12: Review the appropriateness of geophysical survey on known sections before the technique is used to prospect for the projected alignment of unknown areas.
RU13: Consider the use of prospection techniques such as LiDAR to investigate the course of the monument as well as monitoring its condition/ survival.
RU14: Investigations to better understand the relationship between the monument and the Iron Age hillforts of Maes Knoll and Stantonbury Hill.
5.3 Management and Condition (MC) Policies 5.3.1 The overarching policy is:
All management of the monument should be taken in the context of a full understanding of the legal constraints and responsibilities and seek to enhance or preserve the condition of the monument.
Ownership MC1: Establish a clear understanding of responsibilities with landowners and tenants of the extent of designated areas.
MC2: Ensure up to date records are held for landowners/ tenants and any current management agreements for areas.
MC3: Encourage landowners to enter into Stewardship scheme to conserve, protect and enhance
Designation MC4: The owners of the Scheduled Monument must be made aware that consent must be agreed with DCMS, as advised by English Heritage before any intrusive ground works are undertaken, such as drainage, insertion of fencing and gates or erection of interpretation panels.
MC5: Review existing designations to ensure up to date monument descriptions including context and group value rather than old ‘county number’ list.
MC6: consider the designation of other sections. This includes as a priority extending designation in Fields 80 and 100-102. Possible other designations include possible earthworks in Fields 9 and 131 if demonstrated to be part of West Wansdyke.
Degree of change MC7: Undertake a repeat survey of the 1986 ACESS to quantify degree of change and erosion. This can be rapidly undertaken by using modern differential GPS technology for the transects. This would be important not just for West Wansdyke but also extrapolating erosion rates for other earthworks across England in arable cultivation.
MC8: A detailed comparison of former landscape surveys would provide a context for the examination of long-term trends in condition across the monument. This should look into and
5. Management Policies 44 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
reassess all the surveys from a level basis, including the much derided survey by Albany Major in 1926.
Incremental threats MC9: Where the monument is currently being ploughed, landowners are to be encouraged to remove the monument from cultivation or where this is not practical to enter into an agreement for shallow cultivation.
MC10: seek to limit vehicle access across the monument and monitor existing access points for increased erosion
Ad-hoc threats MC11: Any proposed groundwork should be archaeological monitored along the course of the monument and any topographical profiles made good upon completion.
Development threats MC12: Development control should take a wider approach to providing protection and enhancing understanding of the gaps in the dyke beyond the hypothetical projection of the monuments alignment to ensure inappropriate development or threats to the survival of archaeological remains do not occur along its alignment.
MC13: The setting of the monument and those factors that contribute to the understanding and appreciation of the monument’s significance should not be harmed.
Animal threats MC14: Damage from animal erosion should be addressed. Work should seek to limit continual damage and appropriately repair any damage, including any necessary archaeological investigation as part of the repair works.
MC15: Damage from badgers should be discussed with Natural England and other stakeholders. This may require commissioning a badger survey to inform an exclusion strategy, followed by licenced removal of badgers as deemed necessary.
Vegetation threats MC16: Mature trees should be monitored along the monument on a five year cycle to prevent damage from potential tree-throws. Dead, dying or diseased trees should be removed as a priority. The use of mechanical rather than chemical removal would be less damaging to the environment and fauna present. To allow tree stumps and roots to rot in-situ and not to be replaced on the archaeological features. Any debris from scrub clearance should not be burnt on the monument to ensure no damage is caused to any buried archaeological remains.
MC17: Mechanical removal of scrub and trees should be limited to above-ground only, using devices that would not damage the below-ground archaeological remains. This should be done annually at a time that would not infringe upon bird or other breeding seasons. Any time restrictions should be discussed with Natural England.
MC18: Where existing field boundaries are located along alignment of the monument consider landscape enhancement such as hedge laying to minimise unchecked scrub growth and to define the monument in the landscape.
5. Management Policies 45 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Frameworks and Local Plans MC19: The management recommendations in this report should be raised with relevant planning authorities and local parishes to ensure that they are considered in the any Local or Neighbourhood Plans. This will ensure that the monument is raised as a constraint within the development process from an early stage, and provide a framework through which longer term aims can be achieved.
5.4 Access and Interpretation (AI) Policies 5.4.1 The overarching policy is:
Access and Interpretation will be improved to encourage movement along the monument and interaction with the monument and build opportunities for experiencing and understanding West Wansdyke.
Public Access AI1: Consider the creation of long-distance footpath as a ‘green corridor’ walk between Bath and Bristol and possible link to existing East Wansdyke footpath.
AI2: Encourage landowners to provide permissive access as part of management schemes along the monument.
AI3: Repair existing erosion scars, especially at South Stoke (Zone 17). Reinforce surface with sustainable material (e.g. wooden boards) that limit damage to the monument and does not increase urbanising effect.
AI4: Creation of steps in erosion areas to discourage use of bikes over monument.
AI5: Promote “West Wansdyke way” in tourism for the region. Creation of historic landscape walks leaflets.
AI6: Ensure archives of previous research are publicly accessible to enable future research.
AI7: Future archaeological work to be logged on the Online AccesS to the Index of archaeological investigationS (OASIS) database to ensure as wide as possible remote intellectual access to research.
Monument Legibility AI8: Creation of Friends of West Wansdyke, to be set up through local parishes and historical societies. Voluntary group to assist landowners on management such as scrub clearance. Become champions of its survival at a local community level.
AI9: Engage local communities in management works to provide sense of responsibility, sense of place and engagement with the past which contributes to the landscape.
Interpretation AI10: As part of Stewardship schemes consider small interpretation panel near public footpaths, laybys or village centres.
5. Management Policies 46 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
AI11: Possibility of villages along route (e.g. Englishcombe, Compton Dando) to become interpretation hubs along West Wansdyke to promote the understanding and interaction with the monument.
AI12: Investigate whether local museum have any displays about the monument. Create display if not.
5. Management Policies 47 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan 6. Priorities, Implementation of Plan and Review
Plate 28: West Wansdyke heading to Maes Knoll
6.1 Management Priorities 6.1.1 The condition and assessment of risk of the Scheduled sections of the West Wansdyke are indicated in Table 6 below. Three sections have been identified as of critical risk, comprising:
BA 168: a non-cultivated buffer around the monument should be established, and arrangements for schedule for scrub clearance and animal burrowing established to maintain condition.
BA 72: a management scheme should be formed to manage woodland activity, tree and scrub management and to monitor burrowing.
BA 93: monitor badger sett and control as necessary, repair erosion scar from informal footpath with green paths, floating platform steps rather than hard landscaping, consider surfacing solutions for footpath along monument, remove fly tipping and enforcement of damage to Scheduled Monument
6.1.2 Immediate action is also required in a number of areas across the whole of the monument, comprising:
To address damage from animal erosion and pedestrian/vehicular access, in order to limit continual damage and appropriately repair any damage (Policies MC14, MC10 and AI3). This should include provision of any necessary archaeological investigation as part of the repair works.
6. Implementation 48 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Table 6: Summary of Condition and Risk of Scheduled Sections of West Wansdyke
Scheduled Zone Field ref. Condition Assessment of Risk On Heritage Monument No. at Risk Register? BA 99 1 3 Fair Minor Concern No BA 168 2 8 Poor Critical Yes BA 100 4 15-19 Fair Minor Concern No BA 167 6 57 Good Satisfactory No BA 94 7 63-69 & 71 Good to Fair Satisfactory No BA 94 8 79-80 Fair Minor Concern No BA 72 9 90, 91 & 93 Poor Critical Yes BA 98 11 100 Good Satisfactory No BA 98 11 103, 104 & 106 Fair Minor Concern No BA 96 13 118 Good Satisfactory No BA 96 13 120-123 Fair Minor Concern No BA 95 15 132 Good Satisfactory No BA 93 17 137-141 Very Bad Critical Yes
6.2 Designation Priorities 6.2.1 Sections of the West Wansdyke in Zone 8 Field 80, Zone 11 Field 102, and Zone 11 Field 107 have been identified as being worthy of consideration for designation (Policy MC6).
6.3 Implementation 6.3.1 The policies in Section 5 refer to items of work that may be completed over immediate, medium and long-term schedules, depending on their urgency. The areas of the West Wansdyke where the policies are considered to apply, the scheduled within which they should be considered, and the parties concerned are listed in Table 7 below.
6.4 Review 6.4.1 This CMP is designed to work as a reference text, to support a maintenance/management plan for the West Wansdyke. It is perceived that the CMP may remain relevant for approximately ten years; although it is suggested a five year review point is incorporated into the review process along with an annual check to advise and assist on the work programme where necessary.
6. Implementation 49 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Table 7: Summary of Management Policies
6.4.2 Policy6.4.3 Applicable to† When Who* Funding required? Ongoing/ Urgent Short Medium Long Annual >1yr Term – by Term – by Term – by Yr3 Yr5 Yr10
Research and Understanding RU1 Whole monument BNES HER RU2 Whole monument EH with BNES HER and Y - TBC Local Interest Groups RU3 Whole monument EH with project originators Y- TBC RU4 Whole monument EH and LPA EH and Regional Research RU5 Whole monument Agenda RU6 Zones 5, 14 & 16 EH and Regional Research Agenda RU7 Whole monument EH and Regional Research Agenda RU8 Whole monument EH and Regional Research Agenda RU9 Whole monument EH and Regional Research Agenda RU10 Whole monument EH and Regional Research Agenda RU11 Whole monument EH and Regional Research Agenda RU12 Whole monument EH and Regional Research Agenda
6. Implementation 50 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
6.4.2 Policy6.4.3 Applicable to† When Who* Funding required? Ongoing/ Urgent Short Medium Long Annual >1yr Term – by Term – by Term – by Yr3 Yr5 Yr10
RU13 Whole monument EH and Regional Research Agenda RU14 Zones 1 & 9 EH and Regional Research Agenda Management and Condition MC1 Zones 1:1, 1:3, 2:8, 4:15-19, 6:57, 7:63-70, 8:79-82, 9:90-91, 9:93, 11:100, 11:103-104, 11:106, 13:118, 13:120-123, 15:132 & 17:137- EH 141. MC2 Whole monument EH MC3 Whole monument and Zones 2:5 & 4:15 in EH particular MC4 Zones 1:1, 1:3, 2:8, 4:15-19, 6:57, 7:63-70, 8:79-82, 9:90-91, 9:93, 11:100, 11:103-104, 11:106, 13:118, 13:120-123, 15:132 & 17:137- EH and LPA 141. MC5 Zones 1:1, 1:3, 2:8, 4:15-19, 6:57, 7:63-70, 8:79-82, 9:90-91, 9:93, 11:100, 11:103-104, 11:106, 13:118, 13:120-123, 15:132 & 17:137- EH 141. MC6 Zones 8:80 & 11:102, 11:107 as a priority EH Zones 3:9, 3:11, 10:94-99 & 14:131 EH MC7 Whole monument EH/Interest Groups Y - TBC MC8 Whole monument EH/Interest Groups Y - TBC
6. Implementation 51 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
6.4.2 Policy6.4.3 Applicable to† When Who* Funding required? Ongoing/ Urgent Short Medium Long Annual >1yr Term – by Term – by Term – by Yr3 Yr5 Yr10
MC9 Whole monument and Zones 2:7-8, 3:13, 8:81, EH with Landowner 9:87, 9:89 & 10:94-99 in particular MC10 Whole monument and Zones 2:8, 4:16-18, 7:63-64, 11:107, 13:120-123, 16:133 & 17:137- EH with Landowner 141 in particular MC11 Whole monument EH/LPA Y MC12 Zones 5, 14 & 16 EH/LPA MC13 Whole monument EH/LPA MC14 Whole monument and Zones 2:8, 4:16-18, EH with Landowner Y 7:63-64, 8:80, 9:90 & 13:120-122 in particular MC15 Whole monument and Zones 2:8, 4:16-18, EH with Natural England Y 8:80, 9:90 & 17:137-141 in particular and other stakeholders MC16 Whole monument and Zones 4:16-18, 9:90 & EH with Natural England Y 11:103 in particular and other stakeholders Whole monument and Zones 4:16-18 & 8:74 in MC17 EH with Landowner particular MC18 Whole monument and Zones 1:1, 1:3-4 & EH with Landowner 10:95-99 In particular MC19 Whole monument EH and LPA Access and Interpretation AI1 Whole monument EH with LPA and appropriate interest groups Y (i.e. Ramblers)
6. Implementation 52 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
6.4.2 Policy6.4.3 Applicable to† When Who* Funding required? Ongoing/ Urgent Short Medium Long Annual >1yr Term – by Term – by Term – by Yr3 Yr5 Yr10
AI2 Whole monument EH and NE with LPA and appropriate interest groups (i.e. Ramblers) AI3 Whole monument, and Zone 17 in particular EH/Local Authority Y AI4 Whole monument, and Zone 17 in particular EH/Local Authority Y AI5 EH/Local and Regional Whole monument Y Tourism Boards AI6 Whole monument EH/LPA/Local museums/ Archaeological Units AI7 Whole monument EH/LPA/Archaeological Units AI8 Whole monument EH/Local Parishes/Interest Groups AI9 Whole monument EH/Local Parishes/Interest Groups AI10 Whole monument EH/Natural England Y AI11 Whole monument EH/Local Authority/Local Y Parishes/Interest Groups AI12 Whole monument EH/Local Museums/Interest Groups
6. Implementation 53 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan 7. References
7.1 Bibliography Avon County Planning Department 1983. County of Avon: Historic Landscape Survey of the Manor of Englishcombe. Unpublished report. Avon County Planning Department 1991. Compton Dando, Wansdyke, Fairy Hill, The Wansdyke: Site Specific Archaeological Evaluation. Unpublished client report. Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West Wansdyke, Avon. A Management Study (Interim Report). Unpublished report. Avon Archaeological Unit 1998. The West Wansdyke, Scheduled Ancient Monument Avon 168: Field Drain Section Recording. Unpublished client report. Avon Archaeological Unit 2007. Archaeological Monitoring at The Link School, Frome Road, Bath. Unpublished report. Baldwin, B. 1987. The West Wansdyke Survey, in North Wansdyke Past and Present, pp.15-17. Broomhead R. A. 1996. Archaeological observations during the excavation of a sewer trench below the Wansdyke at Odd Down, Bath. AC Archaeology unpublished report. Broomhead R. A. 1997. Odd Down, Bath: archaeological observations during the excavation of a footpath across the Wansdyke. AC Archaeology unpublished report 3196. Browne, C. 1987. A Section of the Ditch of West Wansdyke, in North Wansdyke Past and Present, pp. 18-19. Cox, P.W. 1992. Archaeological Investigation Carried out Adjacent to the Wansdyke Ancient Monument, Odd Down, Bath, Avon. AC Archaeology Unpublished report. Clark, A. 1958. The Nature of Wansdyke, in Antiquity XXXII, pp. 89-96 Davenport, P. 2003. New Burnt House Inn, 628 Wellsway, Bath: An Archaeological Watching Brief. Bath Archaeological Trust, unpublished report. Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) 2010. Scheduled Monuments. Department for Transport 2007. Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB): Volume 11, Section 3, Part 2: Cultural Heritage. English Heritage 2008. Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance. English Heritage: York. Environmental Resources Ltd 1988. Archaeological Assessment of a section of the Wansdyke near Odd Down, Bath: Proof of Evidence of Dr Alan M. Lane. Erskine, J.G.P. 2007. The West Wansdyke: and appraisal of the dating, dimensions and construction techniques in the light of excavated evidence, in Archaeological Journal 164, pp.80-108. Erskine, J.G.P. nd. The West Wansdyke Project 1995 to 1996. Unpublished manuscript. Fowler, P. 1967. Council for British Archaeology Group XII (Wessex) and Group XIII (South West) Archaeological Review for 1967 No. 2 p.20. Fowler, P. 1969. Council for British Archaeology Group XII (Wessex) and Group XIII (South West) Archaeological Review for 1967 No. 4, p.52. Fox, A. and Fox, C. 1958. Wansdyke Reconsidered, in Archaeological Journal 115, pp. 1-48. Gardner, K.S. 1998. The Wansdyke Diktat? – A discussion paper, in Bristol and Avon
54 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Archaeology Journal 15, pp. 57-65. Green, H.S. 1971. Wansdyke, excavations 1966-1970, in Wiltshire Archaeology Magazine 66, pp.129-46. Hale, D.N. and Grove, R. 1995. Geophysical Surveys along the West Wansdyke in Avon. GeoQuest Associates Report Iles R. 1988. West Wansdyke. Recent Archaeological Research and Future Prospects, in Bristol & Avon Archaeological Society 7 Iles R., and White, H. 1984. Avon Archaeology, in Bristol & Avon Archaeological Society 3 pp.56. International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) 2010. Guidance on Heritage Impact Assessments for Cultural World Heritage Properties. Leech, R. and Pearson, T. 1986. Excavations at Lower Court Farm, Long Ashton, in Bristol and Avon Archaeology, 5, pp. 12-35. Longman T. 2005. Archaeological watching brief of land at Fosse Gardens, Odd Down, Bath, Somerset. Bristol and Region Archaeological Services Report No 1397. Major, A.F. 1924. The Course of Wansdyke through Somerset, in Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society Proceedings, vol. LXX, pp.22-37. Major, A.F. and Burrow, E.J. 1926. The Mystery of Wansdyke. Cheltenham: Ed. J. Burrow & Co. Rahtz, P. and Barton, K. 1963. Maes Knoll Camp, Dudry, Somerset, I: Trial excavations, in Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society, 10, pp. 9-11. Reynolds, A. J. and Langlands, A. J. (2006), 'Social Identities on the Macro Scale: A Maximum View of Wansdyke', in W. Davies, G. Halsall, and A. J. Reynolds (eds.), People and Space in the Early Middle Ages, AD 300-1300 (Studies in the Early Middle Ages; Turnhout: Brepols), 13-44. Scarth, H. 1856. On the Course of the Wansdyke through Somersetshire, with a notice of the Camps in it, in Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society Proceedings, vol. VII, pp.9-24 Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society 1904. Proceedings, vol.LX, pp. k-L & 63- 65. Tratman E.K. 1962-3. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society. 10 (1), p. 9 & 11. The Institute for Archaeologists (IfA) 1994. Standard and Guidance for historic environment desk-based assessment (revised November 2012). Watkins, K. 2011. An Archaeological Watching Brief During Construction of a New Extension at The Link School, Frome Road, Odd Down, Bath. Unpublished report. Williams, R., Iles, R., and White, H. 1986. Bristol and Avon Arch 5, pp. 43-4 & 51.
55 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Appendix 1: Tables
Events
Fig 3 NMR SMR Event Name Date Grid Coordinate Report Results ref. ref ref Lower Court Leech, R. and Pearson, T. 1986. Excavations at 01/01/1986 to 1 Excavation Farm, Yanley, 354800 170400 Lower Court Farm, Long Ashton, Bristol and Inconclusive 12/31/1986 Ashton Avon Archaeology, 5, pp. 12-35. Results not Maes Knoll 01/01/1958 to 6342 2 Excavation 359977 165736 Tratman E.K. 1962-3. Proc. U.B.S.S. 10 (1), p. 9 relevant to Camp 12/31/1958 22 dyke
Maes Knoll 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 3 Geophys 360108 166151 Positive Camp 12/31/1995 792 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. Field Drain Watching Section 06/01/1998 to 1147 EBN26 Erskine, J. 1998. Field Drain Section Recording: 4 360965 165551 Positive Brief Recording Of 06/01/1998 591 36 The West Wansdyke. West Wansdyke West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 5 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 361114 165483 Negative 12/31/1995 800 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 8 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 6 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 361213 165410 Negative 12/31/1995 801 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 10
Watching 01/01/1963 to Brown, C. 1987. A Section of the Ditch of 7 Hursley Hill 361750 165290 Positive Brief 12/31/1963 Wansdyke, in North Wansdyke Past and
56 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Fig 3 NMR SMR Event Name Date Grid Coordinate Report Results ref. ref ref Present 1, pp18-19. West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 8 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 361812 165304 Inconclusive 12/31/1995 802 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 15 Railway Avon Archaeological Unit Ltd. 2011. Railway Bungalow, Bungalow, Bristol Road, Hursley Hill, Pensford, 09/01/2011 to 9 Excavation Bristol Road, 361880 165270 Bath & North East Somerset: Archaeological Negative 09/30/2011 Hursley Hill, Evaluation Project and Geoarchaeological Pensford Study. Erskine, J. 2007. The West Wansdyke: an appraisal of the dating, dimension and Blackrock Lane, 01/01/1995 to 1072 10 Excavation 362010 165280 10740 construction techniques in the light of Positive Publow 12/31/1995 823 excavated evidence, in Archaeology Journal 164, pp80-108 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 11 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 362489 165294 Negative 12/31/1995 803 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 22 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 12 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 362664 165409 Negative 12/31/1995 808 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 26 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 13 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 363297 165386 Negative 12/31/1995 809 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 36.1
14 Geophys West 01/01/1995 to 363436 165441 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West Positive
57 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Fig 3 NMR SMR Event Name Date Grid Coordinate Report Results ref. ref ref Wansdyke: Field 12/31/1995 815 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 43a West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 15 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 363458 165374 Negative 12/31/1995 811 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 37 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 16 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 363600 165429 Positive 12/31/1995 815 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 43b Erskine, J. 2007. The West Wansdyke: an Slate Lane, appraisal of the dating, dimension and 01/01/1996 to 17 Excavation Crompton 363600 165500 10736 construction techniques in the light of Inconclusive 12/31/1996 Dando excavated evidence, in Archaeology Journal 164, pp80-108 Erskine, J. 2007. The West Wansdyke: an West Of Knowle appraisal of the dating, dimension and 01/01/1996 to 18 Excavation Farm, Compton 363900 165400 10737 construction techniques in the light of Negative 12/31/1996 Dando excavated evidence, in Archaeology Journal 164, pp80-108 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 19 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 363937 165384 Negative 12/31/1995 816 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 49 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 20 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 364043 165374 Negative 12/31/1995 817 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 54.2
58 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Fig 3 NMR SMR Event Name Date Grid Coordinate Report Results ref. ref ref West Results not 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 21 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 364150 165289 relevant to 12/31/1995 817 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 54.3 dyke Erskine, J. 2007. The West Wansdyke: an appraisal of the dating, dimension and Knowle Farm, 01/01/1996 to 22 Excavation 364200 165300 10738 construction techniques in the light of Negative Compton Dando 12/31/1996 excavated evidence, in Archaeology Journal 164, pp80-108 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 23 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 364272 165407 Positive 12/31/1995 817 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 54.4 Erskine, J. 2007. The West Wansdyke: an Knowle Farm appraisal of the dating, dimension and 01/01/1996 to 24 Excavation Rear, Compton 364300 165500 10739 construction techniques in the light of Negative 12/31/1996 Dando excavated evidence, in Archaeology Journal 164, pp80-108 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 25 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 364348 165076 Negative 12/31/1995 824 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 55 Erskine, J. 1991. Compton Dando, Wansdyke, Fairy Hill, 11/01/1990 to Fairy Hill, The Wansdyke: Site Specific 26 Excavation 364733 164800 7409 Positive Compton Dando 12/31/1990 Archaeological Evaluation. Avon County Planning Departement, unpublished report. 01/01/1995 to 27 Geophys West 364818 164772 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West Negative 12/31/1995
59 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Fig 3 NMR SMR Event Name Date Grid Coordinate Report Results ref. ref ref Wansdyke: 829 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. Fields 62 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 28 Geophys Wansdyke: 364864 164706 Negative 12/31/1995 829 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. Fields 64
Compton Green, 01/01/1996 to 1072 29 Excavation 365200 164600 10735 Positive Compton Dando 12/31/1996 812 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 30 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 365246 164494 Inconclusive 12/31/1995 841 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 67 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 31 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 365485 164343 Inconclusive 12/31/1995 842 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 71 Iles, R. 1988. West Wansdyke: Recent Watching 01/01/1985 to 6548 Archaeological Research and Future 32 Bathford Brook 365490 164310 Negative Brief 12/31/1985 50 Prospects. Bristol and Avon Archaeology 7, pp. 6-10 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 33 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 365753 164239 Negative 12/31/1995 843 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 75 Erskine, J. 2007. The West Wansdyke: an Goss Plantation, 01/01/1996 to appraisal of the dating, dimension and 34 Excavation 365900 164100 10742 Negative Compton Dando 12/31/1996 construction techniques in the light of excavated evidence, in Archaeology Journal
60 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Fig 3 NMR SMR Event Name Date Grid Coordinate Report Results ref. ref ref 164, pp80-108 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 35 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 365931 164173 Negative 12/31/1995 861 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 77 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 36 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 366135 164135 Positive 12/31/1995 863 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 80
Watching The Wansdyke, 01/01/1968 to 6548 Fowler P. 1988, Bristol & Avon archaeology 37 367000 163000 Positive Brief Stanton Prior 12/31/1968 47 Bristol & Avon Archaeological Society 7, p. 6 Iles, R. 1984. Bristol & Avon archaeology Results not Watching Wansdyke, 01/01/1983 to 6548 38 367270 163640 Bristol & Avon Archaeological Society relevant to Brief Marksbury 12/31/1983 39 3/1984/57 dyke 1967 Council for British Archaeology : Group Watching The Wansdyke, 01/01/1967 to 6548 39 368030 163680 12 (Wessex) & Group 13 (South West) : Positive Brief Stanton Prior 12/31/1967 46 Archaeological review Vol 2, p. 2 Soil Augering For West Borehole 11/01/1994 to EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 40 Wansdyke 368200 163700 Positive Log 01/31/1995 15 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. Management Study: Field 95 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 41 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 368203 163697 Positive 12/31/1995 868 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 95
61 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Fig 3 NMR SMR Event Name Date Grid Coordinate Report Results ref. ref ref Erskine, J. 2007. The West Wansdyke: an Binces Lane appraisal of the dating, dimension and West, Stanton 01/01/1996 to 1072 42 Excavation 368300 163800 10733 construction techniques in the light of Positive Prior, 12/31/1996 814 excavated evidence, in Archaeology Journal Marksbury 164, pp80-108 Iles, R. 1988. West Wansdyke: Recent Watching 01/01/1983 to 6548 Archaeological Research and Future 43 Corston Brook 368310 163630 Inconclusive Brief 12/31/1983 42 Prospects. Bristol and Avon Archaeology 7, pp. 6-10 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 44 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 368469 163648 Positive 12/31/1995 876 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 97 Erskine, J. 2007. The West Wansdyke: an Binces Lane appraisal of the dating, dimension and East, Stanton 01/01/1996 to 1072 45 Excavation 368600 163700 10732 construction techniques in the light of Positive Prior, 12/31/1996 814 excavated evidence, in Archaeology Journal Marksbury 164, pp80-108 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 46 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 368746 163622 Positive 12/31/1995 877 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 99 Soil Augering Borehole For West 11/01/1994 to EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 47 368800 163600 Inconclusive Log Wansdyke 01/31/1995 15 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. Management
62 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Fig 3 NMR SMR Event Name Date Grid Coordinate Report Results ref. ref ref Study: Field 99 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 48 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 368855 163612 Positive 12/31/1995 880 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 100a West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 49 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 368922 163585 Positive 12/31/1995 880 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 100b West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 50 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 368999 163572 Positive 12/31/1995 880 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 100c West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 51 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 369764 163324 Positive 12/31/1995 881 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 112 Soil Augering For West Borehole 11/01/1994 to EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 52 Wansdyke 369800 163300 Inconclusive Log 01/31/1995 15 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. Management Study: Field 112 Erskine, J. 2007. The West Wansdyke: an appraisal of the dating, dimension and Park Farm, 01/01/1995 to 1072 53 Excavation 369800 163300 10741 construction techniques in the light of Positive Newton St. Loe 12/31/1995 822 excavated evidence, in Archaeology Journal 164, pp80-108
54 Geophys West 01/01/1995 to 369992 163198 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West Negative
63 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Fig 3 NMR SMR Event Name Date Grid Coordinate Report Results ref. ref ref Wansdyke: Field 12/31/1995 890 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 113 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 55 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 370196 163054 Negative 12/31/1995 891 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 114 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 56 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 370626 163029 Inconclusive 12/31/1995 938 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 116 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 57 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 370987 163032 Negative 12/31/1995 939 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 118
Watching The Wansdyke, 01/01/1970 to 6549 Fowler P. 1988, Bristol & Avon archaeology 58 371000 162000 Positive Brief Middle Field 12/31/1970 19 Bristol & Avon Archaeological Society 7, p. 6 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 59 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 371061 163005 Negative 12/31/1995 940 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 121 1904 Proceedings of the Somerset Wansdyke, 06/01/1904 to 6342 60 Excavation 371460 162890 1771 Archaeological and Natural History Society, Positive Englishcombe 06/30/1904 16 Bath. Iles, R. 1988. West Wansdyke: Recent Watching Fern Cottage, 01/01/1982 to 6549 Archaeological Research and Future 61 371810 162810 Inconclusive Brief Englishcombe 12/31/1982 21 Prospects. Bristol and Avon Archaeology 7, pp. 6-10
64 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Fig 3 NMR SMR Event Name Date Grid Coordinate Report Results ref. ref ref West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 62 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 372112 162813 Negative 12/31/1995 941 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 127 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 63 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 372192 162725 Negative 12/31/1995 942 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 128 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 64 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 372420 162559 Negative 12/31/1995 943 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 130 West Watching Wansdyke, 01/01/1969 to 1969 Council for British Archaeology : 65 372610 162370 Positive Brief Middle Field, 12/31/1969 Archaeological review Vol 4, p52. Englishcombe West Watching Wansdyke, 01/01/1969 to 1969 Council for British Archaeology : 66 372710 162150 Positive Brief Middle Field, 12/31/1969 Archaeological review Vol 4, p52. Englishcombe West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 67 Geophys Wansdyke: 372764 162013 Inconclusive 12/31/1995 945 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. Fields 133.0 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 68 Geophys Wansdyke: 372817 161901 Negative 12/31/1995 945 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. Fields 133.1
69 Watching The Wansdyke, 01/01/1970 to 373000 161000 6549 Fowler P. 1988, Bristol & Avon archaeology Positive
65 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Fig 3 NMR SMR Event Name Date Grid Coordinate Report Results ref. ref ref Brief Odd Down 12/31/1970 16 Bristol & Avon Archaeological Society 7, p. 6 Iles, R. 1988. West Wansdyke: Recent Watching 727 Wellsway, 01/01/1987 to 6549 Archaeological Research and Future 70 373490 161760 Positive Brief Odd Down 12/31/1987 17 Prospects. Bristol and Avon Archaeology 7, pp. 6-10 Longman T. 2005. Archaeological watching Watching Fosse Gardens, 01/01/2005 to 1410 brief of land at Fosse Gardens, Odd Down, 71 373780 161780 Positive Brief Odd Down 12/31/2005 016 Bath, Somerset. Bristol and Region Archaeological Services Report No 1397. Archaeological Cox, P. W. 1992. Archaeological Investigation Investigation 12/01/1992 to EBN26 carried out adjacent to the Wansdyke Ancient 72 Excavation Adjacent Ot The 373789 161759 Positive 12/31/1992 48 Monument, Odd Down, Bath. AC Archaeology Wansdyke At unpublished report. Odd Down West 1967 Council for British Archaeology : Group Watching 01/01/1967 to 73 Wansdyke, Odd 373790 161740 12 (Wessex) & Group 13 (South West) : Positive Brief 12/31/1967 Down Archaeological review Vol 2, p. 2 Broomhead R. A. 1996. Archaeological Watching The Wansdyke, 01/01/1996 to 1237 observations during the excavation of a sewer 74 373800 161800 Negative Brief Odd Down 12/31/1996 213 trench below the Wansdyke at Odd Down, Bath. AC Archaeology unpublished report. Broomhead R. A. 1997.Odd Down, Bath: Watching The Wansdyke, 01/01/1997 to 1246 75 373800 161800 archaeological observations during the Unknown Brief Odd Down 12/31/1997 492 excavation of a footpath across the
66 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Fig 3 NMR SMR Event Name Date Grid Coordinate Report Results ref. ref ref Wansdyke. AC Archaeology unpublished report 3196. West Watching 01/01/1969 to 1969 Council for British Archaeology : 76 Wansdyke, Odd 374160 161810 Positive Brief 12/31/1969 Archaeological review Vol 4, p52. Down
Watching 182 Old Frome 01/01/2009 to EBN33 Watkins, K. 2009. 182 Old Frome Road, Bath: 77 374381 161855 Negative Brief Road 12/31/2009 06 watching brief report. West 1967 Council for British Archaeology : Group Watching 01/01/1967 to 78 Wansdyke, Odd 374400 161810 12 (Wessex) & Group 13 (South West) : Positive Brief 12/31/1967 Down Archaeological review Vol 2, p. 2 Erskine, J. 2007. The West Wansdyke: an Midford Road, appraisal of the dating, dimension and 01/01/1996 to 79 Excavation Odd Down, 374655 161854 10734 construction techniques in the light of Negative 12/31/1996 Southstoke excavated evidence, in Archaeology Journal 164, pp80-108 West 01/01/1995 to 1066 EBN26 Avon Archaeological Unit 1995. The West 80 Geophys Wansdyke: Field 374666 161850 Inconclusive 12/31/1995 948 14 Wansdyke, Avon, A Management Study. 141 Results not Maes Knoll 01/01/1986 to Williams, R., Iles, R., and White, H. 1986. 81 Excavation relevant to Camp 12/31/1986 Bristol and Avon Arch 5, pp. 43-4, 51 dyke
67 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Aerial Photographs consulted at English Heritage Archives Vertical Photographs
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by (in inches) RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6005 P ST 719 620 1 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6006 P ST 721 620 1 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6007 P ST 724 620 1 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6008 P ST 726 620 1 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6009 P ST 729 620 1 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6010 P ST 732 620 1 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6011 P ST 734 620 1 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6012 P ST 737 620 1 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6013 P ST 739 620 1 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6014 P ST 742 620 1 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6015 P ST 744 620 1 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6016 P ST 746 620 1 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6017 P ST 749 620 1 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6018 P ST 751 620 1 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6028 P ST 720 625 2 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6029 P ST 722 625 2 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6030 P ST 725 625 2 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6031 P ST 727 625 2 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6032 P ST 729 625 2 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6033 P ST 731 625 2 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6034 P ST 734 624 2 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6054 P ST 712 626 3 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6055 P ST 715 626 3 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6056 P ST 717 626 3 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6057 P ST 720 626 3 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD
68 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6058 P ST 723 626 3 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6059 P ST 726 626 3 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6060 P ST 729 626 3 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp1 6061 P ST 731 626 3 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp2 6087 P ST 711 631 4 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp2 6088 P ST 713 631 4 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp2 6089 P ST 716 631 4 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp2 6090 P ST 718 631 4 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp2 6091 P ST 720 631 4 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/106G/UK/579 33 RVp2 6092 P ST 723 631 4 02 AUG 1945 A 3000 12 Black and White MOD RAF/3G/TUD/UK/25 168 V 5026 P ST 671 629 1 14 JAN 1946 AC 10000 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/3G/TUD/UK/25 168 V 5027 P ST 678 630 1 14 JAN 1946 AC 10000 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/3G/TUD/UK/25 168 V 5028 P ST 685 630 1 14 JAN 1946 AC 10000 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/3G/TUD/UK/25 168 V 5029 P ST 692 630 1 14 JAN 1946 AC 10000 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/3G/TUD/UK/25 168 V 5030 P ST 699 631 1 14 JAN 1946 AC 10000 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/3G/TUD/UK/25 168 V 5031 P ST 705 631 1 14 JAN 1946 AC 10000 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/3G/TUD/UK/25 168 V 5032 P ST 712 631 1 14 JAN 1946 AC 10000 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/3G/TUD/UK/25 168 V 5033 P ST 718 631 1 14 JAN 1946 AC 10000 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/3G/TUD/UK/25 168 V 5105 P ST 725 615 3 14 JAN 1946 AC 10000 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/3G/TUD/UK/25 168 V 5106 P ST 732 615 3 14 JAN 1946 AC 10000 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/3G/TUD/UK/25 168 V 5107 P ST 739 615 3 14 JAN 1946 AC 10000 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5
69 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by RAF/3G/TUD/UK/25 168 V 5108 P ST 746 615 3 14 JAN 1946 AC 10000 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1283 231 RV 6014 P ST 722 629 1 25 MAR 1946 A 5500 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1283 231 RV 6015 P ST 722 624 1 25 MAR 1946 A 5500 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1283 231 RV 6016 P ST 722 619 1 25 MAR 1946 A 5500 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1283 231 RV 6034 P ST 718 627 2 25 MAR 1946 A 5500 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1283 231 RV 6035 P ST 718 621 2 25 MAR 1946 A 5500 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1276 232 V 5122 P ST 750 616 7 23 MAR 1946 A 4800 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1276 232 V 5123 P ST 746 616 7 23 MAR 1946 A 4800 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1276 232 V 5124 P ST 743 616 7 23 MAR 1946 A 4800 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1276 232 V 5125 P ST 738 615 7 23 MAR 1946 A 4800 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1276 232 V 5126 P ST 734 615 7 23 MAR 1946 A 4800 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1276 232 V 5127 P ST 730 615 7 23 MAR 1946 A 4800 12 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1522 329 RVp1 6100 P ST 706 631 5 17 MAY 1946 AC 4800 12 Black and White NMR RAF/106G/UK/1522 329 RVp2 6116 P ST 708 633 6 17 MAY 1946 AC 4800 12 Black and White NMR RAF/106G/UK/1522 329 RVp2 6117 P ST 709 630 6 17 MAY 1946 AC 4800 12 Black and White NMR RAF/106G/UK/1522 329 RVp2 6118 P ST 709 628 6 17 MAY 1946 AC 4800 12 Black and White NMR RAF/106G/UK/1630 409 V 5067 P ST 732 618 3 08 JUL 1946 AC 4800 14 Black and White NAW 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1630 409 V 5068 P ST 735 618 3 08 JUL 1946 AC 4800 14 Black and White NAW 8.25 x 7.5
70 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by RAF/106G/UK/1630 409 V 5069 P ST 738 619 3 08 JUL 1946 AC 4800 14 Black and White NAW 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1630 409 V 5070 P ST 741 619 3 08 JUL 1946 AC 4800 14 Black and White NAW 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1630 409 V 5071 P ST 745 619 3 08 JUL 1946 AC 4800 14 Black and White NAW 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1630 409 V 5072 P ST 748 620 3 08 JUL 1946 AC 4800 14 Black and White NAW 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3225 P ST 665 644 4 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3319 P ST 600 670 5 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3444 P ST 616 643 8 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3445 P ST 624 644 8 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3446 P ST 631 644 8 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3447 P ST 638 645 8 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3448 P ST 645 645 8 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3449 P ST 653 645 8 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3450 P ST 660 646 8 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3451 P ST 667 646 8 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3452 P ST 673 646 8 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3453 P ST 679 645 8 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3454 P ST 685 645 8 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White NMR
71 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/1661 421 RP 3455 P ST 691 644 8 12 JUL 1946 A 9900 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1744 470 V 5074 P ST 733 621 6 19 SEP 1946 AC 5000 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1744 470 V 5075 P ST 735 622 6 19 SEP 1946 AC 5000 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1744 470 V 5076 P ST 738 622 6 19 SEP 1946 AC 5000 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1744 470 V 5077 P ST 741 622 6 19 SEP 1946 AC 5000 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1744 470 V 5078 P ST 743 622 6 19 SEP 1946 AC 5000 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1744 470 V 5079 P ST 745 622 6 19 SEP 1946 AC 5000 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1744 470 V 5080 P ST 748 623 6 19 SEP 1946 AC 5000 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1744 470 V 5081 P ST 750 623 6 19 SEP 1946 AC 5000 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1821 501 RV 6001 P ST 748 605 38 04 NOV 1946 A 10000 36 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3129 P ST 604 659 7 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3183 P ST 645 657 9 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3184 P ST 638 657 9 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3185 P ST 630 658 9 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3186 P ST 623 658 9 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3187 P ST 616 658 9 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5
72 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3189 P ST 637 648 10 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3190 P ST 630 649 10 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3191 P ST 622 650 10 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3192 P ST 615 651 10 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3193 P ST 607 652 10 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3221 P ST 749 624 11 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3222 P ST 742 624 11 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3223 P ST 735 627 11 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3224 P ST 727 629 11 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3225 P ST 719 628 11 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3226 P ST 712 627 11 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3227 P ST 704 625 11 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3228 P ST 696 624 11 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RP 3229 P ST 688 624 11 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RS 4181 P ST 601 670 26 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RS 4217 P ST 691 642 27 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RS 4218 P ST 683 642 27 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR
73 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RS 4219 P ST 676 643 27 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RS 4220 P ST 668 643 27 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RS 4221 P ST 660 645 27 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RS 4222 P ST 651 648 27 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1869 526 RS 4223 P ST 643 646 27 04 DEC 1946 AB 9840 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1988 582 V 5094 P ST 718 624 6 12 APR 1947 A 5600 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1988 582 V 5095 P ST 720 624 6 12 APR 1947 A 5600 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1988 582 V 5096 P ST 723 624 6 12 APR 1947 A 5600 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1988 582 V 5097 P ST 725 624 6 12 APR 1947 A 5600 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1988 582 V 5098 P ST 727 625 6 12 APR 1947 A 5600 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1988 582 V 5099 P ST 730 625 6 12 APR 1947 A 5600 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1988 582 V 5100 P ST 732 625 6 12 APR 1947 A 5600 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1988 582 V 5101 P ST 734 625 6 12 APR 1947 A 5600 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1988 582 V 5102 P ST 737 625 6 12 APR 1947 A 5600 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1988 582 V 5103 P ST 739 625 6 12 APR 1947 A 5600 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1988 582 V 5104 P ST 742 625 6 12 APR 1947 A 5600 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5
74 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by RAF/CPE/UK/1988 582 V 5105 P ST 744 626 6 12 APR 1947 A 5600 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/1988 582 V 5106 P ST 746 626 6 12 APR 1947 A 5600 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/2144 675 V 5184 P ST 753 619 20 10 JUN 1947 A 5500 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/2144 675 V 5185 P ST 750 619 20 10 JUN 1947 A 5500 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/2144 675 V 5186 P ST 747 619 20 10 JUN 1947 A 5500 14 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/2433 762 RP 3045 P ST 597 665 5 22 JAN 1948 AC 10000 20 Black and White NAW 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/2433 762 RP 3046 P ST 606 658 5 22 JAN 1948 AC 10000 20 Black and White NAW 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/2433 762 RS 4047 P ST 619 650 11 22 JAN 1948 AC 10000 20 Black and White NAW 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/2433 762 RS 4048 P ST 628 648 11 22 JAN 1948 AC 10000 20 Black and White NAW 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/2433 762 RS 4049 P ST 636 649 11 22 JAN 1948 AC 10000 20 Black and White NAW 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/2433 762 RS 4050 P ST 644 651 11 22 JAN 1948 AC 10000 20 Black and White NAW 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/2433 762 RS 4051 P ST 652 651 11 22 JAN 1948 AC 10000 20 Black and White NAW 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/2433 762 RS 4052 P ST 660 651 11 22 JAN 1948 AC 10000 20 Black and White NAW 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 298 P ST 638 660 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 299 P ST 636 660 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 300 P ST 634 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 301 P ST 631 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR
75 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 302 P ST 629 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 303 P ST 627 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 304 P ST 625 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 305 P ST 622 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 306 P ST 620 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 307 P ST 618 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 308 P ST 616 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 309 P ST 613 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 310 P ST 611 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 311 P ST 609 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 312 P ST 607 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 313 P ST 605 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 314 P ST 602 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 315 P ST 600 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 316 P ST 598 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F21 317 P ST 596 659 8 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5
76 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by RAF/540/1649 1673 F22 316 P ST 598 667 15 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F22 317 P ST 596 668 15 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/540/1649 1673 F22 318 P ST 593 668 15 25 JUN 1955 A 5000 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/543/2332 2166 1F21 283 P ST 599 669 43 26 JUL 1963 AB 10100 36 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/543/2332 2166 1F21 284 P ST 605 669 43 26 JUL 1963 AB 10100 36 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/543/2332 2166 1F22 284 P ST 606 648 54 26 JUL 1963 AB 10100 36 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/543/2332 2166 1F22 285 P ST 611 648 54 26 JUL 1963 AB 10100 36 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/543/2332 2166 1F22 286 P ST 617 648 54 26 JUL 1963 AB 10100 36 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/543/2332 2166 1F22 287 P ST 623 648 54 26 JUL 1963 AB 10100 36 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/543/2332 2166 1F22 288 P ST 629 647 54 26 JUL 1963 AB 10100 36 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/543/2332 2166 1F22 289 P ST 635 647 54 26 JUL 1963 AB 10100 36 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/543/2332 2166 1F22 290 P ST 641 647 54 26 JUL 1963 AB 10100 36 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/543/2332 2166 1F22 291 P ST 646 647 54 26 JUL 1963 AB 10100 36 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/543/2332 2166 1F22 292 P ST 652 647 54 26 JUL 1963 AB 10100 36 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/543/2332 2166 1F22 293 P ST 658 647 54 26 JUL 1963 AB 10100 36 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/543/2332 2166 1F22 294 P ST 664 647 54 26 JUL 1963 AB 10100 36 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/543/2332 2166 1F22 295 P ST 670 647 54 26 JUL 1963 AB 10100 36 Black and White MOD
77 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/543/2332 2166 1F22 296 P ST 675 647 54 26 JUL 1963 AB 10100 36 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/543/2332 2166 1F22 297 P ST 681 646 54 26 JUL 1963 AB 10100 36 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/2269 2786 V 5088 P ST 690 633 4 29 AUG 1947 AB 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2269 2786 V 5089 P ST 693 633 4 29 AUG 1947 AB 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2269 2786 V 5090 P ST 696 634 4 29 AUG 1947 AB 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2269 2786 V 5091 P ST 698 634 4 29 AUG 1947 AB 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2269 2786 V 5092 P ST 701 635 4 29 AUG 1947 AB 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2269 2786 V 5093 P ST 704 635 4 29 AUG 1947 AB 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2269 2786 V 5094 P ST 707 635 4 29 AUG 1947 AB 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2269 2786 V 5095 P ST 709 636 4 29 AUG 1947 AB 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2476 2809 FV 7160 P ST 751 615 8 10 MAR 1948 A 2500 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2476 2809 FV 7161 P ST 749 615 8 10 MAR 1948 A 2500 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2476 2809 FV 7162 P ST 746 615 8 10 MAR 1948 A 2500 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2476 2809 FV 7163 P ST 743 614 8 10 MAR 1948 A 2500 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2476 2809 FV 7164 P ST 741 614 8 10 MAR 1948 A 2500 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2476 2809 FV 7165 P ST 738 614 8 10 MAR 1948 A 2500 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9
78 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by RAF/CPE/UK/2476 2809 FV 7166 P ST 736 614 8 10 MAR 1948 A 2500 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2476 2809 FV 7194 P ST 751 619 10 10 MAR 1948 A 2500 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2476 2809 FV 7195 P ST 749 619 10 10 MAR 1948 A 2500 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2476 2809 FV 7196 P ST 747 619 10 10 MAR 1948 A 2500 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2476 2809 FV 7197 P ST 745 619 10 10 MAR 1948 A 2500 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2476 2809 FV 7198 P ST 742 619 10 10 MAR 1948 A 2500 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2476 2809 FV 7199 P ST 740 619 10 10 MAR 1948 A 2500 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2476 2809 FV 7200 P ST 738 619 10 10 MAR 1948 A 2500 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2476 2809 FV 7201 P ST 736 619 10 10 MAR 1948 A 2500 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2476 2809 FV 7202 P ST 734 619 10 10 MAR 1948 A 2500 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3077 P ST 746 611 2 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3078 P ST 743 612 2 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3079 P ST 740 612 2 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3080 P ST 737 613 2 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3081 P ST 733 613 2 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3082 P ST 730 614 2 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3083 P ST 727 615 2 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR
79 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3084 P ST 724 615 2 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3085 P ST 721 616 2 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3086 P ST 717 616 2 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3087 P ST 714 617 2 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3088 P ST 711 617 2 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3089 P ST 708 618 2 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RP 3090 P ST 705 618 2 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RS 4078 P ST 748 627 6 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RS 4079 P ST 745 628 6 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RS 4080 P ST 742 629 6 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RS 4081 P ST 739 629 6 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RS 4082 P ST 736 630 6 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RS 4083 P ST 733 630 6 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RS 4084 P ST 730 631 6 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RS 4085 P ST 727 631 6 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RS 4086 P ST 724 632 6 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5
80 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RS 4087 P ST 721 633 6 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RS 4088 P ST 718 633 6 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RS 4089 P ST 715 634 6 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/106G/UK/377 3664 RS 4090 P ST 712 634 6 13 JUN 1945 AB 9600 20 Black and White NMR 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/82/1127 3937 F21 16 P ST 591 669 1 24 MAR 1955 AC 5000 20 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/82/1127 3937 F21 17 P ST 595 670 1 24 MAR 1955 AC 5000 20 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/82/1127 3937 F21 18 P ST 599 670 1 24 MAR 1955 AC 5000 20 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/82/1127 3937 F22 18 P ST 599 661 6 24 MAR 1955 AC 5000 20 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/82/1127 3937 F22 19 P ST 603 661 6 24 MAR 1955 AC 5000 20 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/82/1127 3937 F22 20 P ST 607 661 6 24 MAR 1955 AC 5000 20 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/82/1127 3937 F22 21 P ST 611 661 6 24 MAR 1955 AC 5000 20 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/82/1127 3937 F22 22 P ST 615 661 6 24 MAR 1955 AC 5000 20 Black and White MOD 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5001 P ST 687 633 1 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5002 P ST 689 633 1 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5003 P ST 691 633 1 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5004 P ST 693 633 1 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5005 P ST 695 633 1 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR
81 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5006 P ST 697 633 1 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5007 P ST 699 633 1 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5008 P ST 701 633 1 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5009 P ST 703 633 1 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5010 P ST 705 633 1 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5011 P ST 707 634 1 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5075 P ST 678 633 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5076 P ST 680 633 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5077 P ST 681 633 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5078 P ST 683 633 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5079 P ST 685 633 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5080 P ST 687 633 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5081 P ST 688 633 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5082 P ST 690 633 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5083 P ST 692 633 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5084 P ST 694 632 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9
82 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5085 P ST 695 632 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5086 P ST 698 632 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5087 P ST 700 632 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5088 P ST 702 632 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5089 P ST 705 632 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5090 P ST 707 632 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5091 P ST 709 631 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5092 P ST 711 631 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5093 P ST 713 631 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5094 P ST 715 632 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5095 P ST 717 632 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5096 P ST 719 632 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5097 P ST 720 632 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5098 P ST 722 632 3 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5129 P ST 710 622 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5130 P ST 712 621 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5131 P ST 714 621 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR
83 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5132 P ST 717 621 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5133 P ST 719 621 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5134 P ST 721 621 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5135 P ST 724 621 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5136 P ST 726 621 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5137 P ST 728 620 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5138 P ST 730 620 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5139 P ST 733 620 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5140 P ST 735 619 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5141 P ST 737 619 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5142 P ST 739 619 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5143 P ST 742 618 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5144 P ST 744 618 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5145 P ST 746 618 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5146 P ST 748 618 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5147 P ST 750 618 5 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9
84 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5188 P ST 704 627 7 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5189 P ST 706 627 7 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5190 P ST 708 628 7 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5191 P ST 710 628 7 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5192 P ST 712 628 7 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5193 P ST 714 629 7 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5194 P ST 716 629 7 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5195 P ST 718 629 7 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5196 P ST 720 630 7 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5197 P ST 722 630 7 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5250 P ST 728 627 8 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5251 P ST 725 627 8 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5252 P ST 723 628 8 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5253 P ST 720 628 8 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5254 P ST 718 628 8 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5255 P ST 709 626 9 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5256 P ST 712 626 9 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR
85 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5257 P ST 714 626 9 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5258 P ST 716 626 9 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5259 P ST 718 626 9 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5260 P ST 721 626 9 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5261 P ST 723 626 9 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5262 P ST 725 626 9 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5263 P ST 727 626 9 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5310 P ST 727 624 10 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5311 P ST 724 624 10 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 RAF/CPE/UK/2281 6209 V 5312 P ST 722 624 10 01 SEP 1947 A 2400 20 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 US/7PH/GP/LOC38 6794 RV 6014 P ST 730 619 16 08 SEP 1943 AB 8000 12 Black and White 9 x FDM 9 US/7PH/GP/LOC38 6794 V 5014 P ST 728 619 8 08 SEP 1943 AB 4000 24 Black and White 18 FDM x 9 RAF/HLA/445 8461 V 38 P ST 698 627 8 27 APR 1942 A 7900 36 Black and White FDM 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/HLA/445 8461 V 42 P ST 717 622 8 27 APR 1942 A 7900 36 Black and White FDM 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/HLA/445 8461 V 43 P ST 723 625 8 27 APR 1942 A 7900 36 Black and White FDM 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/HLA/445 8461 V 44 P ST 727 618 8 27 APR 1942 A 7900 36 Black and White FDM 8.25 x 7.5
86 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by RAF/HLA/445 8461 V 99 P ST 712 623 17 27 APR 1942 A 7900 36 Black and White FDM 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/HLA/445 8461 V 100 P ST 715 626 17 27 APR 1942 A 7900 36 Black and White FDM 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/HLA/445 8461 V 142 P ST 746 617 19 27 APR 1942 A 7900 36 Black and White FDM 8.25 x 7.5 RAF/HLA/445 8461 V 143 P ST 745 613 19 27 APR 1942 A 7900 36 Black and White FDM 8.25 x 7.5 OS/68161 11495 V 155 P ST 744 615 4 10 JUN 1968 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/68161 11495 V 182 P ST 722 627 5 10 JUN 1968 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/68161 11495 V 183 P ST 722 620 5 10 JUN 1968 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/68161 11495 V 199 P ST 698 630 6 10 JUN 1968 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/68161 11495 V 200 P ST 697 636 6 10 JUN 1968 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/68161 11495 V 277 P ST 733 617 10 10 JUN 1968 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/68161 11495 V 278 P ST 733 624 10 10 JUN 1968 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/68161 11495 V 304 P ST 710 629 11 10 JUN 1968 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/60061 11498 V 9 P ST 684 642 2 26 JUN 1960 A 7775 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/60061 11498 V 30 P ST 671 641 3 26 JUN 1960 A 7775 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/60061 11498 V 31 P ST 658 645 4 26 JUN 1960 A 7775 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/60062 11499 V 19 P ST 647 645 1 26 JUN 1960 AC 7775 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/60062 11499 V 21 P ST 638 649 2 26 JUN 1960 AC 7775 12 Black and White 9 x NMR
87 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by 9 OS/60062 11499 V 46 P ST 615 655 4 26 JUN 1960 AC 7775 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/60062 11499 V 60 P ST 601 663 5 26 JUN 1960 AC 7775 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/60062 11499 V 61 P ST 599 657 5 26 JUN 1960 AC 7775 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/69334 11610 V 6 P ST 622 657 1 11 JUL 1969 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/69334 11610 V 7 P ST 617 655 1 11 JUL 1969 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/69334 11610 V 8 P ST 612 652 1 11 JUL 1969 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/69334 11610 V 46 P ST 667 638 7 11 JUL 1969 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/69334 11610 V 47 P ST 665 644 7 11 JUL 1969 A 7500 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89092 13445 V 812 P ST 688 629 1 28 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89092 13445 V 813 P ST 695 629 1 28 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89092 13445 V 814 P ST 702 629 1 28 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89092 13445 V 815 P ST 709 630 1 28 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89092 13445 V 816 P ST 717 630 1 28 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89092 13445 V 823 P ST 670 643 2 28 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89092 13445 V 824 P ST 662 643 2 28 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89092 13445 V 825 P ST 656 643 2 28 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9
88 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by OS/89092 13445 V 826 P ST 649 644 2 28 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89092 13445 V 827 P ST 642 644 2 28 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89092 13445 V 828 P ST 635 644 2 28 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/95030 14646 V 99 P ST 599 656 3 13 MAR 1995 A 7800 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/95030 14646 V 100 P ST 606 656 3 13 MAR 1995 A 7800 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/95077 14790 V 33 P ST 598 669 1 12 APR 1995 A 7800 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/95077 14790 V 34 P ST 604 669 1 12 APR 1995 A 7800 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89090 15546 V 586 P ST 638 656 2 26 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89090 15546 V 587 P ST 631 656 2 26 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89090 15546 V 588 P ST 624 656 2 26 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89090 15546 V 589 P ST 618 656 2 26 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89090 15546 V 590 P ST 611 656 2 26 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89090 15546 V 591 P ST 605 656 2 26 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89090 15546 V 682 P ST 646 643 3 26 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89090 15546 V 683 P ST 651 643 3 26 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89090 15546 V 684 P ST 657 642 3 26 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89090 15546 V 685 P ST 664 643 3 26 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR
89 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Sortie number Library Camera Frame Held Centre Run Date Sortie Scale 1: Focal Film details (in Film number position number point quality length inches) held by 9 OS/89090 15546 V 686 P ST 671 643 3 26 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89090 15546 V 687 P ST 679 643 3 26 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/89090 15546 V 688 P ST 686 643 3 26 APR 1989 A 8200 12 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/00018 15710 V 33 P ST 605 656 2 15 MAR 2000 A 8600 6 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/00018 15710 V 34 P ST 598 656 2 15 MAR 2000 A 8600 6 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/00018 15710 V 95 P ST 605 668 4 15 MAR 2000 A 8600 6 Black and White 9 x NMR 9 OS/00018 15710 V 96 P ST 598 668 4 15 MAR 2000 A 8600 6 Black and White 9 x NMR 9
90 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Oblique Photographs
Photo reference Film and frame number Original Date Film type Map (NGR and Index number Reference number) (6 figure grid ref)
ST 5965 / 2 NMR 26930 / 08 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 599659 ST 5965 / 3 NMR 26930 / 16 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 597658 ST 5965 / 4 NMR 26930 / 17 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 598658 ST 5966 / 2 ACC 7374 / 1 AP/86/1 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 599660 ST 5966 / 6 JEH 22011 / 10 H 19 JUL 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 598662 ST 5966 / 7 JEH 22011 / 11 H 19 JUL 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 598662 ST 5966 / 8 JEH 22011 / 12 H 19 JUL 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 598662 ST 5966 / 9 JEH 22011 / 13 H 19 JUL 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 598662 ST 5966 / 10 NMR 26930 / 04 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 598662 ST 5966 / 11 NMR 26930 / 03 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 599661 ST 5966 / 12 NMR 26930 / 05 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 598661 ST 5966 / 13 NMR 26930 / 06 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 598661 ST 5966 / 14 NMR 26930 / 07 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 599660 ST 5966 / 15 NMR 26930 / 15 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 598666 ST 6065 / 1 WAP 11699 / 1289 9 SEE PRINTS 12 NOV 1974 Black& white Unknown ST 609655 ST 6065 / 2 ACC 7374 / 3 AP/86/1 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 607657 ST 6065 / 3 ACC 7374 / 4 AP/86/1 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 607657 ST 6065 / 4 ACC 7374 / 4-5 AP/86/1 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 607657 ST 6065 / 5 ACC 13860 / 13 AP16 19 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 602653 ST 6065 / 6 ACC 13860 / 14 AP16 19 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 602653 ST 6065 / 7 ACC 13860 / 15 AP16 19 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 602653 ST 6065 / 8 NMR 26930 / 09 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 600658 ST 6065 / 9 NMR 26930 / 10 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 600657 ST 6065 / 11 NMR 26930 / 29 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 609654 ST 6065 / 12 NMR 26930 / 30 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 608655 ST 6065 / 13 NMR 26930 / 31 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 608656
91 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Photo reference Film and frame number Original Date Film type Map (NGR and Index number Reference number) (6 figure grid ref) ST 6065 / 14 NMR 26930 / 32 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 609656 ST 6065 / 15 NMR 26930 / 34 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 609654 ST 6066 / 1 CAP 8066 / 59 HQ 23 JUN 1952 Black& white Unknown ST 600660 ST 6066 / 3 CAP 8066 / 60 HQ 23 JUN 1952 Black& white Unknown ST 600660 ST 6066 / 4 CAP 8066 / 61 HQ 23 JUN 1952 Black& white Unknown ST 600660 ST 6066 / 5 ACC 7374 / 2 AP/86/1 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 600660 ST 6066 / 6 ACC 7375 / 1 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 600660 ST 6066 / 7 ACC 7375 / 2 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 602661 ST 6066 / 8 ACC 7375 / 3 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 600660 ST 6066 / 9 JEH 19866 / 07 MAR 1967 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 601661 ST 6066 / 10 JEH 19866 / 08 MAR 1967 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 601661 ST 6066 / 11 NMR 26930 / 01 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 600660 ST 6066 / 12 NMR 26930 / 02 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 601661 ST 6066 / 13 NMR 26930 / 12 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 604661 ST 6066 / 14 NMR 26930 / 13 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 602661 ST 6165 / 1 ACC 7374 / 5 AP/86/1 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 618653 ST 6165 / 2 ACC 7375 / 4 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 610655 ST 6165 / 3 ACC 7375 / 5 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 610655 ST 6165 / 4 NMR 26930 / 33 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 610654 ST 6165 / 5 NMR 26930 / 35 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 610655 ST 6165 / 6 NMR 26931 / 02 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 618652 ST 6165 / 7 NMR 26931 / 03 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 618652 ST 6165 / 8 NMR 26931 / 04 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 619652 ST 6165 / 9 NMR 26931 / 08 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 618652 ST 6165 / 10 NMR 26931 / 09 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 618653 ST 6165 / 11 NMR 26931 / 10 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 618653 ST 6165 / 12 NMR 26931 / 11 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 618652 ST 6165 / 13 NMR 26931 / 12 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 618652 ST 6165 / 14 NMR 26931 / 13 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 618652
92 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Photo reference Film and frame number Original Date Film type Map (NGR and Index number Reference number) (6 figure grid ref) ST 6165 / 15 NMR 26931 / 14 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 619652 ST 6265 / 1 ACC 7375 / 34 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 620653 ST 6265 / 2 ACC 7375 / 35 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 620653 ST 6265 / 3 ACC 7375 / 36 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 620653 ST 6265 / 4 ACC 7375 / 36A SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 620653 ST 6265 / 5 NMR 26931 / 01 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 620652 ST 6265 / 6 NMR 26931 / 05 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 620653 ST 6265 / 7 NMR 26931 / 06 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 620653 ST 6265 / 8 NMR 26931 / 07 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 621652 ST 6265 / 9 NMR 26931 / 15 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 620652 ST 6265 / 10 NMR 26931 / 16 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 620652 ST 6265 / 11 NMR 26931 / 17 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 621652 ST 6265 / 12 NMR 26931 / 18 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 622652 ST 6364 / 1 ACC 13860 / 11 AP16 19 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 638649 ST 6364 / 2 ACC 13860 / 12 AP16 19 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 638649 ST 6365 / 1 ACC 13860 / 10 AP16 19 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 638653 ST 6464 / 1 ACC 7374 / 6 AP/86/1 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 640645 ST 6464 / 2 ACC 7374 / 7 AP/86/1 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 647646 ST 6464 / 3 ACC 13860 / 7 AP16 19 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 646646 ST 6464 / 4 ACC 13860 / 9 AP16 19 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 645649 ST 6464 / 5 ACC 7375 / 30 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 645649 ST 6464 / 6 ACC 7375 / 31 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 649647 ST 6464 / 7 ACC 7375 / 32 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 649647 ST 6464 / 8 ACC 7375 / 33 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 646646 ST 6464 / 9 JEH 22010 / 25 G 19 JUL 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 648647 ST 6464 / 10 JEH 22017 / 09 04 APR 1969 Colour slide 35 mm ST 648646 ST 6464 / 11 NMR 26931 / 19 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 645649 ST 6464 / 12 NMR 26931 / 20 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 644649 ST 6464 / 13 NMR 26931 / 21 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 644649
93 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Photo reference Film and frame number Original Date Film type Map (NGR and Index number Reference number) (6 figure grid ref) ST 6464 / 14 NMR 26931 / 22 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 644649 ST 6464 / 15 NMR 26931 / 23 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 647647 ST 6564 / 1 ACC 13860 / 5 AP16 19 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 650646 ST 6564 / 2 ACC 13860 / 6 AP16 19 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 650646 ST 6564 / 3 ACC 13860 / 8 AP16 19 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 653645 ST 6564 / 4 ACC 7375 / 7 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 650644 ST 6564 / 5 ACC 7375 / 8 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 650640 ST 6564 / 6 JEH 22010 / 23 G 19 JUL 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 654644 ST 6564 / 7 JEH 22010 / 24 G 19 JUL 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 652646 ST 6564 / 8 JEH 22017 / 10 04 APR 1969 Colour slide 35 mm ST 651645 ST 6564 / 9 NMR 24200 / 21 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 658641 ST 6564 / 10 NMR 24200 / 24 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 659641 ST 6564 / 11 NMR 24207 / 04 02 MAR 2006 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 659641 ST 6564 / 12 NMR 24207 / 05 02 MAR 2006 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 659641 ST 6564 / 13 NMR 26931 / 24 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 653642 ST 6564 / 14 NMR 26931 / 25 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 654642 ST 6564 / 15 NMR 26931 / 26 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 654642 ST 6564 / 16 NMR 26931 / 27 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 652645 ST 6564 / 17 NMR 26931 / 28 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 652646 ST 6564 / 18 NMR 26931 / 29 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 652644 ST 6564 / 19 NMR 26931 / 31 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 657642 ST 6564 / 20 NMR 26931 / 33 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 656643 ST 6564 / 21 NMR 26931 / 34 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 657643 ST 6564 / 22 NMR 26931 / 35 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 657642 ST 6564 / 23 NMR 26931 / 36 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 659641 ST 6663 / 1 JEH 22010 / 22 G 19 JUL 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 667639 ST 6664 / 1 ACC 7375 / 9 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 666641 ST 6664 / 2 JEH 22010 / 20 G 19 JUL 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 666641 ST 6664 / 3 JEH 22010 / 21 G 19 JUL 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 665640
94 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Photo reference Film and frame number Original Date Film type Map (NGR and Index number Reference number) (6 figure grid ref) ST 6664 / 4 JEH 22017 / 11 04 APR 1969 Colour slide 35 mm ST 661641 ST 6664 / 5 JEH 22017 / 12 04 APR 1969 Colour slide 35 mm ST 665640 ST 6664 / 6 NMR 24200 / 12 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 665641 ST 6664 / 7 NMR 24200 / 13 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 666640 ST 6664 / 8 NMR 24200 / 14 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 665640 ST 6664 / 9 NMR 24200 / 15 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 665640 ST 6664 / 10 NMR 24200 / 16 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 666640 ST 6664 / 11 NMR 24200 / 17 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 663641 ST 6664 / 12 NMR 24200 / 18 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 662641 ST 6664 / 13 NMR 24200 / 19 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 660641 ST 6664 / 14 NMR 24200 / 20 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 660641 ST 6664 / 15 NMR 24200 / 22 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 662641 ST 6664 / 16 NMR 24200 / 23 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 662641 ST 6664 / 17 NMR 24207 / 03 02 MAR 2006 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 661640 ST 6664 / 18 NMR 26931 / 30 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 660641 ST 6664 / 19 NMR 26931 / 32 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 660642 ST 6664 / 20 NMR 26931 / 37 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 661641 ST 6664 / 21 NMR 26931 / 38 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 661641 ST 6664 / 22 NMR 26931 / 39 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 662641 ST 6664 / 23 NMR 26931 / 40 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 663640 ST 6664 / 24 NMR 26931 / 41 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 665640 ST 6763 / 1 CAP 7953 / 20 SEE PRINTS 14 JUN 1949 Black& white Unknown ST 673636 ST 6763 / 4 ACC 7374 / 8 AP/86/1 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 673637 ST 6763 / 5 ACC 7374 / 9 AP/86/1 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 678637 ST 6763 / 7 ACC 7375 / 10 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 674636 ST 6763 / 8 ACC 7375 / 11 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 679637 ST 6763 / 9 ACC 7375 / 12 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 674636 ST 6763 / 10 NMR 24200 / 01 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 675636 ST 6763 / 11 NMR 24200 / 02 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 674636
95 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Photo reference Film and frame number Original Date Film type Map (NGR and Index number Reference number) (6 figure grid ref) ST 6763 / 12 NMR 24200 / 03 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 672636 ST 6763 / 13 NMR 24200 / 04 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 672636 ST 6763 / 14 NMR 24200 / 05 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 671636 ST 6763 / 15 NMR 24200 / 06 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 671635 ST 6763 / 16 NMR 24200 / 07 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 672636 ST 6763 / 17 NMR 24200 / 08 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 673635 ST 6763 / 18 NMR 24200 / 09 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 674636 ST 6763 / 19 NMR 24200 / 10 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 675636 ST 6763 / 20 NMR 24200 / 11 02 MAR 2006 Digital colour 35 mm ST 675636 ST 6763 / 21 NMR 24207 / 01 02 MAR 2006 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 672635 ST 6763 / 22 NMR 24207 / 02 02 MAR 2006 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 672636 ST 6763 / 23 NMR 26932 / 01 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 673636 ST 6763 / 24 NMR 26932 / 02 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 674636 ST 6763 / 25 NMR 26932 / 03 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 672637 ST 6763 / 26 NMR 26932 / 04 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 671635 ST 6763 / 27 NMR 26932 / 05 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 671636 ST 6763 / 28 NMR 26932 / 06 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 672636 ST 6763 / 29 NMR 26932 / 07 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 671636 ST 6763 / 30 NMR 26932 / 08 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 672636 ST 6763 / 31 NMR 26932 / 09 21 APR 2010 Digital colour 35 mm ST 672636 ST 6863 / 1 ACC 7374 / 11 AP/86/1 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 688638 ST 6963 / 1 ACC 7374 / 10 AP/86/1 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 693635 ST 6963 / 2 ACC 7374 / 13 AP/86/1 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 697634 ST 6963 / 3 ACC 7375 / 13 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 697634 ST 6963 / 4 JEH 22008 / 31 E 10 JUN 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 694634 ST 6963 / 5 JEH 22008 / 32 E 10 JUN 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 692632 ST 6963 / 6 JEH 22008 / 33 E 10 JUN 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 695633 ST 6963 / 7 JEH 22008 / 34 E 10 JUN 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 695633 ST 7063 / 1 ACC 7375 / 14 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 709631
96 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Photo reference Film and frame number Original Date Film type Map (NGR and Index number Reference number) (6 figure grid ref) ST 7063 / 2 ACC 7375 / 16 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 709631 ST 7063 / 3 ACC 7375 / 17 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 704630 ST 7162 / 1 ACC 13859 / 1 AP/86/2 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 716629 ST 7162 / 2 ACC 7376 / 36A SEE PRINTS 19 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 715629 ST 7162 / 3 ACC 7375 / 15 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 712629 ST 7162 / 4 ACC 7375 / 18 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 713629 ST 7162 / 5 ACC 7375 / 19 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 713629 ST 7162 / 6 ACC 7375 / 20 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 713629 ST 7162 / 7 ACC 7375 / 21 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 713629 ST 7162 / 8 WAP 15943 / 165 201 1970s Black& white Unknown ST 712628 ST 7162 / 9 WAP 15943 / 168 201 1970s Black& white Unknown ST 714628 ST 7162 / 10 JEH 22008 / 30 E 10 JUN 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 713629 ST 7162 / 11 NMR 23290 / 10 24 SEP 2003 Colour neg 70mm,120,220 ST 718629 ST 7162 / 12 NMR 23290 / 11 24 SEP 2003 Colour neg 70mm,120,220 ST 718629 ST 7162 / 13 NMR 23290 / 14 24 SEP 2003 Colour neg 70mm,120,220 ST 717629 ST 7162 / 14 NMR 23290 / 16 24 SEP 2003 Colour neg 70mm,120,220 ST 717628 ST 7162 / 15 NMR 23290 / 17 24 SEP 2003 Colour neg 70mm,120,220 ST 717628 ST 7162 / 16 NMR 23302 / 17 24 SEP 2003 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 718629 ST 7162 / 17 NMR 23270 / 00 24 SEP 2003 Colour neg 35 mm ST 717629 ST 7162 / 18 NMR 23270 / 02 24 SEP 2003 Colour neg 35 mm ST 718629 ST 7162 / 19 NMR 23270 / 03 24 SEP 2003 Colour neg 35 mm ST 718629 ST 7162 / 20 JEH 22026 / 27A 05 JUL 1969 Colour slide 35 mm ST 714628 ST 7163 / 1 WAP 11716 / AZ 1291/9 SEE PRINTS 04 NOV 1974 Black& white Unknown ST 718630 ST 7163 / 2 ACC 7374 / 12 AP/86/1 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 712630 ST 7163 / 3 ACC 7376 / 36 SEE PRINTS 19 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 719630 ST 7163 / 5 JEH 22008 / 29 E 10 JUN 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 719630 ST 7163 / 7 NMR 23290 / 15 24 SEP 2003 Colour neg 70mm,120,220 ST 718630 ST 7163 / 8 NMR 23302 / 16 24 SEP 2003 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 718630 ST 7163 / 9 NMR 23270 / 01 24 SEP 2003 Colour neg 35 mm ST 718630
97 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Photo reference Film and frame number Original Date Film type Map (NGR and Index number Reference number) (6 figure grid ref) ST 7163 / 10 NMR 23270 / 04 24 SEP 2003 Colour neg 35 mm ST 718630 ST 7163 / 11 NMR 23270 / 05 24 SEP 2003 Colour neg 35 mm ST 719630 ST 7163 / 12 NMR 23270 / 06 24 SEP 2003 Colour neg 35 mm ST 719630 ST 7163 / 13 NMR 23270 / 07 24 SEP 2003 Colour neg 35 mm ST 719630 ST 7163 / 14 JEH 22025 / 24 05 JUL 1969 Colour slide 35 mm ST 712631 ST 7163 / 15 JEH 22025 / 25 05 JUL 1969 Colour slide 35 mm ST 711631 ST 7163 / 16 JEH 22025 / 26 05 JUL 1969 Colour slide 35 mm ST 712631 ST 7163 / 17 JEH 22025 / 27 05 JUL 1969 Colour slide 35 mm ST 712631 ST 7163 / 18 JEH 22026 / 28A 05 JUL 1969 Colour slide 35 mm ST 719630 ST 7163 / 19 JEH 22026 / 29A 05 JUL 1969 Colour slide 35 mm ST 719630 ST 7262 / 2 ACC 7376 / 12 SEE PRINTS 19 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 727622 ST 7262 / 3 ACC 7375 / 22 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 727622 ST 7262 / 4 ACC 7375 / 23 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 727622 ST 7262 / 5 ACC 7375 / 24 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 727622 ST 7262 / 6 ACC 7375 / 25 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 727622 ST 7262 / 9 JEH 22008 / 27 E 10 JUN 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 727621 ST 7262 / 10 JEH 22008 / 28 E 10 JUN 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 727625 ST 7262 / 11 NMR 24588 / 46 05 APR 2007 Digital colour 35 mm ST 729620 ST 7262 / 12 NMR 24588 / 47 05 APR 2007 Digital colour 35 mm ST 728622 ST 7262 / 13 NMR 24588 / 48 05 APR 2007 Digital colour 35 mm ST 729621 ST 7262 / 14 NMR 24588 / 49 05 APR 2007 Digital colour 35 mm ST 729620 ST 7262 / 15 NMR 24588 / 50 05 APR 2007 Digital colour 35 mm ST 728620 ST 7262 / 16 NMR 24588 / 51 05 APR 2007 Digital colour 35 mm ST 729620 ST 7361 / 1 ACC 13859 / 2 AP/86/2 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 737618 ST 7361 / 2 ACC 7376 / 13 SEE PRINTS 19 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 735618 ST 7361 / 3 ACC 7375 / 26 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 735618 ST 7361 / 4 ACC 7375 / 27 SEE PRINTS 16 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 735618 ST 7361 / 5 JEH 22008 / 25 E 10 JUN 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 737618 ST 7461 / 1 ACC 13859 / 3 AP/86/2 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 744618
98 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Photo reference Film and frame number Original Date Film type Map (NGR and Index number Reference number) (6 figure grid ref) ST 7461 / 2 ACC 13859 / 4 AP/86/2 06 JUL 1986 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 744618 ST 7461 / 3 ACC 7376 / 14 SEE PRINTS 19 FEB 1987 Black& white 35 mm ST 741618 ST 7461 / 4 JEH 22008 / 26 E 10 JUN 1968 Colour slide 35 mm ST 745618 ST 7462 / 1 NMR 4734 / 16 20 MAY 1992 Colour slide 35 mm ST 741621 ST 7462 / 2 NMR 4734 / 17 20 MAY 1992 Colour slide 35 mm ST 741621 ST 7462 / 3 NMR 4734 / 18 20 MAY 1992 Colour slide 35 mm ST 741621 ST 7462 / 4 NMR 4734 / 19 20 MAY 1992 Colour slide 35 mm ST 741621 ST 7462 / 5 NMR 4734 / 20 20 MAY 1992 Colour slide 35 mm ST 741621 ST 7462 / 6 NMR 4734 / 21 20 MAY 1992 Colour slide 35 mm ST 741621 ST 7462 / 8 NMR 4729 / 35 20 MAY 1992 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 740620 ST 7462 / 9 NMR 4729 / 36 20 MAY 1992 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 740621 ST 7462 / 10 NMR 4729 / 37 20 MAY 1992 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 741621 ST 7462 / 12 NMR 4729 / 39 20 MAY 1992 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 740621 ST 7462 / 13 NMR 4729 / 40 20 MAY 1992 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 741621 ST 7462 / 14 NMR 4729 / 41 20 MAY 1992 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 741621 ST 7462 / 15 NMR 4729 / 42 20 MAY 1992 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 742621 ST 7462 / 16 NMR 4729 / 43 20 MAY 1992 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 741621 ST 7462 / 17 NMR 4729 / 44 20 MAY 1992 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 741621 ST 7462 / 18 NMR 4729 / 45 20 MAY 1992 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 741621 ST 7462 / 19 NMR 14938 / 08 28 JUN 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 742621 ST 7462 / 20 NMR 14938 / 09 28 JUN 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 742621 ST 7462 / 21 NMR 14938 / 10 28 JUN 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 742621 ST 7462 / 22 NMR 14938 / 11 28 JUN 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 741621 ST 7462 / 23 NMR 14938 / 12 28 JUN 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 742621 ST 7462 / 25 NMR 14938 / 14 28 JUN 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 741621 ST 7462 / 27 NMR 14938 / 16 28 JUN 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 741621 ST 7462 / 30 NMR 14938 / 19 28 JUN 1993 Colour slide 35 mm ST 741621 ST 7462 / 32 NMR 4827 / 26 28 JUN 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 742621 ST 7462 / 33 NMR 4827 / 27 28 JUN 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 742621
99 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Photo reference Film and frame number Original Date Film type Map (NGR and Index number Reference number) (6 figure grid ref) ST 7462 / 34 NMR 4827 / 28 28 JUN 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 742621 ST 7462 / 35 NMR 4827 / 29 28 JUN 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 742621 ST 7462 / 36 NMR 4827 / 30 28 JUN 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 743621 ST 7462 / 37 NMR 4827 / 31 28 JUN 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 742621 ST 7462 / 38 NMR 4827 / 32 28 JUN 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 743620 ST 7462 / 39 NMR 4827 / 33 28 JUN 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 743620 ST 7462 / 42 NMR 4827 / 36 28 JUN 1993 Black& white 70mm,120,220 ST 742621
100 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Appendix 2: Gazetteer
7.2 Content 7.2.1 For each section the following information is presented:
Name and Identifier for the section;
Grid coordinates of the start and end point of the monument;
Length of the route (known or hypothetical);
Form of section;
Condition of section;
Land use;
Vulnerabilities and threats; and
A description of the section including the corresponding Field number references of the 1995 survey, and a summary of the results and previous discussions and surveys.
7.2.2 The monument zones and condition of elements of West Wansdyke are illustrated on Figures 4.1-4.2, whilst excerpts from that figure are reproduced within the gazetteer for reference. The following key is provided in reference to the inset maps within the gazetteer:
101 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Maes Knoll to Norton Lane Zone 1
Length: 0.94 km NGR From: ST 59829 66299 NGR To: ST 60501 65807 1995 MP Field No.: 1, 3 & 4
National Heritage List No.: 1005424 1007009 Scheduled Monument No.: BA 99 Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: 6004
Photos:
Description: It is still uncertain as to whether the northern ditch of Maes Knoll was ever part of West Wansdyke. The 1995 MP concluded that the dyke appeared to terminate in Field 3. The bank survives, and a ditch is evident up to 1 m in depth. A trackway to the north of the surviving bank has previously been suggested to lie along the line of the ditch (Fox 1985, 26), although the 1995 survey concluded that both bank and ditch lay south of this track.
Current Land use: Field 1: Rotational grass ley; Land use in 1995: Field 1: Rotational grass ley; Fields 3-4: Rough pasture. Fields 3-4: Rough pasture.
1995 Survival: Earthwork / Uncertain 1995 Condition: Field 1: Earthwork may not extend into this field; Field 3: Well defined, lessening to southeast; Field 4: Muddy, pouched by cattle and overgrown with scrub. 1995 Vulnerabilities: Field 1: Ploughing and natural drainage; Field 3: Vegetation growth, dumping and livestock erosion; Field 4: Vegetation growth, dumping and livestock erosion. 1995 Management Field 1: Scrub control on bank/ditch of Maes Knoll Camp ; Recommendations: Field 3: Scrub control and management scheme; Field 4: Scrub control and management scheme.
102 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Maes Knoll to Norton Lane Zone 1
Current Survival: Earthwork / Uncertain Current Condition: Good to Fair Condition Assessment: Minor Concerns Current Vulnerability: Scrub, possible burrowing, grazing animals poaching ditch Stability: Stable/ Gradual Decline Heritage At Risk Not registered to be at risk. status: Current Management Field 1: Monitor Scrub control on bank/ditch of Maes Knoll Camp ; Recommendations: Field 3: Scrub control and management scheme; possible lay hedge Field 4: Scrub control and management scheme: possible lay hedge
103 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Norton Lane to Former Railway Embankment Zone 2
Length: 0.70 km NGR From: ST 60501 65807 NGR To: ST 61113 65474 1995 MP Field No.: 5, 7 & 8
National Heritage List No.: 1003066 Scheduled Monument No.: BA 168 Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: 6004
Photos:
Description: The course of Wansdyke is not visible through the closes adjacent to the road. Through Fields 7 and 8 the majority of the monument has been levelled, and is now only visible as a low spread with traces of ditch. A small northerly bulge is shown in the alignment of the bank on the 1885 OS in Field 7, although this was not recorded by the Foxes in 1958. Eastern section in Field 8 survives well with terminal evident. Analysis of the topography at the terminal point indicates that it is associated with a minor dry gully which may represent a dried or seasonal spring site. Salvage recording was undertaken on a pipe trench cut through the monument in Field 8 recording the upper deposits of the bank and ditch (Erskine 1998). Geophysical survey adjacent to the scheduled terminal did not record the presence of any archaeological features (AAU 1995).
Current Land use: Field 5: Domestic garden; Land use in 1995: Field 5: rough pasture and
104 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Norton Lane to Former Railway Embankment Zone 2
Field 7: Arable domestic garden; Field 8: Arable Field 7: Rotational grass pasture; Field 8: Managed grassland
1995 Survival: Earthwork, Levelled Earthwork & Conjectural Evidence 1995 Condition: Field 5: Not visible; Field 7: Levelled earthwork; Field 8: Obscured to west by field boundary and preserved well to east. 1995 Vulnerabilities: Field 5: Landscaping; Field 7: Cultivation; Field 8: Grassland cultivation and vehicular traffic 1995 Management Field 5: Present regime should continue; Recommendations: Field 7: Cultivation should be reduced and section recommended for Scheduling; Field 8: Cultivation and traffic should be minimised and area grazed or mown.
Current Survival: Earthwork, Levelled Earthwork & Conjectural Evidence Current Condition: Poor Condition Assessment: SM: Critical; Other area: Major concern Current Vulnerability: Scrub, burrowing, Arable clipping of SM Arable cultivation in other areas Stability: Rapid Decline on SM; Gradual Decline other areas Heritage At Risk Registered to be at risk due to arable clipping and in a declining state. status: Current Management Field 5: Avoid extensive landscaping or groundworks Recommendations: Field 7: Cultivation should be reduced. Preferably removed from ploughing. Possibly investigate condition/ survival via excavation Field 8: SM area; PRIORITY ACTIONS- establish non cultivated buffer around monument, annual scrub clearance/ treatment. Possibly investigate condition/ survival via excavation, bi-annual monitor of burrowing. Field 8: Non SM- shallow cultivation to be encouraged. Cultivation and traffic should be minimised and area grazed or mown. Possibly investigate condition/ survival via excavation
105 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Former Railway Embankment to A37 Zone 3
Length: 0.66 km NGR From: ST 61113 65474 NGR To: ST 61743 65298 1995 MP Field No.: 9, 11 to 13
National Heritage List No.: - Scheduled Monument No.: - Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: 6006
Photos:
Description: This section of West Wansdyke has been impacted by the construction of a disused North Somerset Railway embankment, which will likely have truncated or destroyed the majority of monument within the eastern side of this zone. The 1995 survey suggested that possible remains may survive to the west, including a probable fragment of bank at the boundary between Fields 9 and 10 (AAU 1995, 15). Geophysical survey over the projected line of the monument in Field 10 was unable to confirm the presence of the dyke. In 1995 a section of bank and ditch had still survived in a good condition in the south of Field 13, this has now been eroded by continued cultivation. Archaeological monitoring during the widening of the A37 in 1963 recorded a complete section through the ditch (Brown 1987).
Current Land use: Fields 9 & 11: Woodland; Land use in 1995: Fields 9 & 11: Woodland; Field 12: Rough grazing; Field 12: Rough grazing; Field 13: Arable Field 13: Rotational grass ley.
1995 Survival: Earthwork & Conjectural Evidence 1995 Condition: Fields 9 & 11: Possible overgrown earthwork; Field 12: Not visible; Field 13: Earthwork. 1995 Vulnerabilities: Fields 9 & 11: Vegetation; Field 12: Livestock and vegetation; Field 13: Cultivation.
106 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Former Railway Embankment to A37 Zone 3
1995 Management Fields 9 & 11: Management scheme and scheduling; Recommendations: Field 12: Present agricultural regime should continue; Field 13: Scheduling and continuation of present management scheme;
Current Survival: Earthwork & Conjectural Evidence Current Condition: Poor Condition Assessment: Major Concern Current Vulnerability: Woodland growth, arable cultivation Stability: Gradual decline Current Management Fields 9 & 11: Consider scrub clearance and reconsider scheduling if actual Recommendations: monument; Field 12: Present agricultural regime should continue; Field 13: Minimise cultivation. Preferable remove from cultivation to form wide field margin.
107 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan A37 to stream east of Blackrock Lane Zone 4
Length: 0.52 km NGR From: ST 61743 65298 NGR To: ST 62262 65265 1995 MP Field No.: 15 to 19
National Heritage List No.: 1007010 Scheduled Monument No.: BA 100 Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: 6007-6008
Photos:
Description: Two opposing terminals were recorded in 1995 at the western end of the Zone. This area was recorded as ‘a patch of marshy ground’ by the Foxes (1958, 28) believed to be a former spring-head. The western of the two terminals and the unscheduled section of earthwork have been impacted since 1995 by levelling and grading of the field. The earthwork in the scheduled area appears to have been shortened as well and the area has been landscaped to a degree. The Scheduled section through the Fields 16-17 is preserved with the field boundaries of these fields, and is interrupted by Blackrock Lane which is at a sunken level to the surrounding fields. The terminal at the eastern end of the zone had been partially bulldozed by 1995, and now is covered in woody vegetation at its eastern end. The remaining scheduled area is maintained as maintained grassland within a garden.
Current Land use: Field 15: Landscaped garden; Land use in 1995: Field 15: Managed grassland; Field 16: Rotational grass ley; Field 16: Rotational grass ley;
108 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan A37 to stream east of Blackrock Lane Zone 4
Field 16.1: Managed grassland; Field 16.1: Managed grassland; Field 17: Meadow; Field 17: Meadow; Field 18: Grassland; Field 18: Grassland; Field 19: Garden, old orchard Field 19: Orchards.
1995 Survival: Earthwork & Conjectural Evidence 1995 Condition: Field 15: Good. Two sections with terminals; Field 16: Well preserved, with ditch possibly eroded by farm traffic; Field 16.1: Good, with some evidence of tipping; Field 17: Good; Field 18: Trackway formed along ditch; Field 19: Very good, although terminal reputedly bulldozed. 1995 Vulnerabilities: Field 15: Landscaping, vegetation and electricity pole; Field 16: Fence and farm traffic; Field 16.1: Cultivation, vegetation and farm traffic; Field 17: Cultivation and vegetation; Field 18: Vegetation; Field 19: Domestic oil tank, vehicular traffic, fence and vegetation. 1995 Management Field 15: Scheduling and continuation of present management scheme; Recommendations: Field 16: Reduce cultivation and scrub clearance; Field 16.1: Reduce cultivation, clear scrub and control tipping; Field 17: Reduce cultivation and continuation of present management scheme; Field 18: Continuation of present management scheme with scrub clearance in ditch Field 19: Management plan and scrub clearance
Current Survival: Earthwork & Conjectural Evidence Current Condition: Fair Condition Assessment: Minor Concern Current Vulnerability: Scrub, burrowing, risk of wind throw trees, animal poaching in ditch, erosion from farm vehicles Stability: Gradual decline Heritage At Risk Not registered to be at risk. status: Current Management Field 15: Monitor any authorised/ unauthorised groundworks in this area; Recommendations: Field 16-18: Monitor vehicle damage, scrub clearance programme, review tree condition to prevent wind throw on mature trees, monitoring burrowing; Field 19: Scrub clearance as necessary and avoid accidental damage
109 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan The Publow Gap Zone 5
Length: 2.47 km National Heritage List No.: - NGR From: ST 62262 65265 Scheduled Monument No.: - NGR To: ST 64419 64964 Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: - 1995 MP Field No.: 20-56
Photos:
Description: From the terminal at Publow Brook to Peppershells Wood there is currently uncertain evidence for the alignment of the monument. Magnetometer survey of a number of the fields was unable to trace the route of the ditch and bank, suggesting that it either continued through this area in another form (such as a timber palisade), that the monument was never constructed here, or that the features were unidentifiable using the adopted survey method. Geophysics and cartographic sources have indicated a potential ditch on the northern side of Slate Lane. Subsequent excavation during the 1995 management study identified rubble deposits on the northern side of Slate Lane in Field 43 which could feasibly represent slumped bank material, although the evidence was inconclusive. Erskine (2013; unpublished) suggests that the line of Slate Lane may lie directly on top of the bank at this point. Aerial photo analysis indicates several potential linear features within the area, several possible relating to former field boundaries or natural geological features. Topographically this area of Wansdyke is problematic, with even the hypothetical line up to Slate Lane where it overlooks Wooscombe Bottom providing relatively limited visibility northwards in comparison to other stretches of the route.
110 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan The Publow Gap Zone 5
Current Land use: Various, typically grassland Land use in 1995: Various, typically grassland with (paddocks), arable with woodland areas woodland areas
1995 Survival: Uncertain Evidence 1995 Condition: Not visible 1995 Vulnerabilities: Principally cattle poaching and vegetation growth 1995 Management Continuation of present management scheme. Recommendations:
Current Survival: Uncertain Evidence Current Condition: Uncertain Condition Assessment: Satisfactory Current Vulnerability: woodland, cultivation, accidental damage from lack of uncertainty, communal orchard planned in Field 55 on possible alignment of dyke Stability: Gradual decline Current Management Continuation of present management scheme, until presence or absence proven. Recommendations: Avoid tree planting, monitor groundworks across suggested alignment
111 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Knowle Farm to River Chew Zone 6
Length: 0.53 km NGR From: ST 64419 64964 NGR To: ST 64876 64714 1995 MP Field No.: 57, 58, 59, 61 & 62
National Heritage List No.: 1004523 Scheduled Monument No.: BA 167 Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: 6009
Photos:
Description: The monument emerges at the southeast edge of Peppershells Wood. Development within Fields 58-60 has removed any trace of earthworks through these areas, although an evaluation in Field 61 identified the base deposits of the bank and indicated that there had not been a ditch along the northern face of the monument in this area (Erskine 1991, 10). Geophysical survey in Field 62 was unable to locate the continuation of the monument through this area, suggesting a possible terminus within this area, forming a pair with the terminus east of the River Chew.
Current Land use: Field 57: Pasture; Land use in 1995: Field 57: Pasture; Field 58: Domestic garden; Field 58: Domestic garden; Field 59: Domestic garden & Field 59: Domestic garden & house; house; Field 61: Pasture; Field 61: Mown pasture; Field 62: Pasture Field 62: Managed grassland.
1995 Survival: Earthwork, Levelled Earthwork, Sub-surface deposit & Conjectural Evidence 1995 Condition: Field 57: Spread bank; Field 58: Low bank in front of house; Field 59: No remains visible, possibly destroyed; Field 61: No remains visible due to recent dumping. 1995 Vulnerabilities: Field 57: No obvious threats; Field 58: Landscaping;
112 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Knowle Farm to River Chew Zone 6
Field 61: No obvious threats. 1995 Management Field 57-61: Continuation of present management regime. Recommendations:
Current Survival: Earthwork, Levelled Earthwork, Sub-surface deposit, Conjectural Evidence & Conjectural gap Current Condition: SM= Good; Built-up area= very bad; Field 61= Good Condition Assessment: Satisfactory, built up area due to previous destruction considered as Critical Current Vulnerability: possible risk from vehicle movement in wet conditions over SM, scrub Stability: SM = Improving, Built-up area= gradual decline if not destroyed; Field 61= Stable Heritage At Risk Not registered to be at risk. status: Current Management Field 57-61: Continuation of present management regime. Recommendations:
113 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan River Chew to Gully Wood Zone 7
Length: 0.74 km NGR From: ST 64876 64714 NGR To: ST 65502 64324 1995 MP Field No.: 63-69 & 71
National Heritage List No.: 1007004 Scheduled Monument No.: BA 94 Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: 6010-6011
Photos:
Description: There has been boundary loss between Fields 65 and 68, which appear to be in use as improved grassland with a ploughed area to the eastern side, but off the area of the monument. A broad low bank is visible in Fields 63-68, but becomes less distinguishable at its eastern end. The earthwork survives well within the orchard in Field 69 and has a distinct terminus at its eastern end.
Current Land use: Area of monument now under Land use in 1995: Field 63: Pasture; pasture and not cultivated Field 64: Pasture; Field 69 & 71: Orchard Field 65-68: Grassland Field 69 & 71: Orchard
1995 Survival: Earthwork & Levelled Earthwork 1995 Condition: Field 63: Levelled earthwork with possible counterscarp; Field 64: Condition good, but erosion due to cattle poaching; Field 65: Spread bank and ditch filled by ploughing, breach from vehicles; Field 66: Hedge along ditch, top of bank ploughed out; Field 67: Spread bank, breach from former field boundary; Field 68: Spread bank and intermittent ditch; Field 69: Slight bank, overgrown with vegetation; Field 71: Bank survives well, no ditch evident. 1995 Vulnerabilities: Field 63: Vegetation and erosion by River Chew; Field 64: Cattle poaching, scrub growth, pipe cut, and vehicular access; Field 65: Cultivation and vehicular access;
114 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan River Chew to Gully Wood Zone 7
Field 66: Cultivation; Field 67-68: No obvious threats; Field 69: Vegetation; Field 71: Trees. 1995 Management Field 63-64: Scrub control and continuation of present management scheme; Recommendations: Field 65-69 & 71: Continuation of present management scheme;
Current Survival: Earthwork, Levelled Earthwork & Conjectural Evidence Current Condition: Good to Fair Condition Assessment: Satisfactory Current Vulnerability: Scrub at western end, erosion from animal and vehicle movement in wet conditions Stability: Improving and stable Heritage At Risk Not registered to be at risk. status: Current Management Field 63-64: Scrub control and continuation of present management scheme, Recommendations: monitor erosion of traffic (vehicles/ animals) over monument; Field 65-69 & 71: Continuation of present management scheme;
115 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Gully Wood to Wansdyke House Zone 8
Length: 1.39 km NGR From: ST 65502 64324 NGR To: ST 66827 63989 1995 MP Field No.: 74-86
National Heritage List No.: 1007004 Scheduled Monument No.: BA 94 Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: 6013
Photos:
Description: From Bathford Broom a terminus and well preserved stretch of dyke, designated as a scheduled monument, continues for a short distance and is then is ploughed out in Field 75. The line of the monument through Fields 77-80 is preserved as a field boundary with intermittent hedgerows. but has largely been levelled in Field 81-82 through continual ploughing. The designation file notes there was initially earthworks in Fields 81/2 at time of Scheduling, but on visiting the fields a decade later the earthworks had been completely levelled by ploughing and is only visible as a soil or cropmark.
Current Land use: Field 74: Old coppice; Land use in 1995: Field 74: Old coppice; Field 75: Arable; Field 75: Grassland; Field 76: Woodland; Field 76: Woodland; Field 77-80: Arable and Field 77-80: Grassland; rotational grass ley; Field 81: Rotational grass ley; Field 81: Arable Field 83-84: Grassland; Field 83-84: Paddocks; Field 86: House and garden. Field 86: House and garden.
116 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Gully Wood to Wansdyke House Zone 8
1995 Survival: Earthwork, Levelled Earthwork & Uncertain Evidence 1995 Condition: Field 74: Well preserved beneath dense undergrowth; Field 75: Levelled earthworks; Field 76: No remains visible; Field 77-78: Intermittent lengths of monument, tail of bank ploughed in the past; Field 79: Survive well, although affected by ploughing in the past; Field 80: Well preserved; Field 81-84: Spread bank; Field 86: Bank survives although Wansdyke Cottage is built directly on it. 1995 Vulnerabilities: Field 74: Vegetation; Field 75: Cultivation; Field 76: None recorded; Field 77-78: Scrub growth; Field 79: Vehicular and pedestrian access across the monument; Field 80: Vegetation; Field 81: Cultivation; Field 83: No obvious threats; Field 84: Driveway to Wansdyke House crosses the monument; Field 85: Garden cultivation and housing development. 1995 Management Field 74: Forestry management scheme to be put in place; Recommendations: Field 75-77: Continuation of current management regime and scheduling; Field 78-82: Continuation of current management regime; Field 83-85: Continuation of current management regime and scheduling; Field 86: Continuation of current management regime.
Current Survival: Earthwork, Levelled Earthwork, Cropmark, Sub-surface Deposit, Conjectural Evidence & Conjectural Gap Current Condition: SM areas = Fair; Other areas = Poor Condition Assessment: SM areas = Minor concerns; Other areas = Major concerns Current Vulnerability: SM areas = Wind throw trees and scrub, risk of burrowing, risk of arable clipping; Other areas = ongoing arable cultivation Stability: Mainly Gradual Decline but SM in Field 80 considered Stable Heritage At Risk Not registered to be at risk. status: Current Management Field 74: Forestry management scheme to be put in place; Tree felling on Recommendations: monument Field 75-77: Continuation of current management regime; Field 78-82: Continuation of current management regime, avoid arable clipping; Field 80: Consider re-scheduling- increase westwards? Relocate pheasant feeders off monument to reduce badger impacts, monitor arable clipping Field 81: limit cultivation over levelled earthwork, ideally remove section from cultivation. Field 82- 86: Continuation of current management regime.
117 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Stantonbury Hill Zone 9
Length: 1.24 km NGR From: ST 66827 63989 NGR To: ST 67959 63690 1995 MP Field No.: 87, 89, 90 & 93
National Heritage List No.: 1002487 Scheduled Monument No.: BA 72 Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: MBN6006
Photos:
Description: The dyke has been ploughed out in Fields 87 and 89, but is visible as a crop mark on historic aerial photographs (OS/69334 Frame 46, taken 11/03/1969). Whilst Wansdyke appears to turn down to Stantonbury Hill, the density of woodland around the hill has hindered assessment of the relationship between the hill fort and the dyke. The 1995 assessment concluded that the dyke continued round the northern side of the fort and appeared to block an earlier ditch (AAU 1995, 17). Terminals are also evident within the dyke, further complicating interpretation. Well preserved sections of the dyke continue east from Stantonbury Hill but fade out into Fields 92-93. Possible ditch reused as a hollow-way.
Current Land use: Field 87 & 89: Arable; Land use in 1995: Field 87 & 89: Arable cereal; Field 90: Woodland; Field 90: Woodland; Field 93: Arable; Field 93: Arable;
1995 Survival: Earthwork & Conjectural Evidence 1995 Condition: Field 87 & 89: No above ground remains visible; Field 90: Heavily wooded ditch, bank and terminals; Field 93: Earthworks visible to west fade out to east where they lie beneath a track. 1995 Vulnerabilities: Field 87 & 89: Cultivation; Field 90: Forestry activated and pheasant rearing; Field 93: Cultivation, traffic along the track way and vegetation. 1995 Management Field 87 & 89: Continuation of current management regime; Recommendations: Field 90: Management scheme should be formed to manage woodland activity; Field 93: Continuation of current management regime.
118 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Stantonbury Hill Zone 9
Current Survival: Earthwork, Cropmark & Conjectural Evidence Current Condition: Poor Condition Assessment: SM= Critical; other areas= Major Concern Current Vulnerability: SM= woodland, scrub, burrowing, game keeping pens, vehicle movement; other areas= arable cultivation Stability: SM= Rapid decline; other areas= Gradual decline Heritage At Risk Registered to be at risk from extensive animal burrowing, and in a declining state. status: Current Management Field 87 & 89: Consider shallow cultivation over line of monument; Recommendations: Field 90: Management scheme should be formed to manage woodland activity; tree and scrub management, monitor burrowing Field 93: Limit arable clipping, create field margin, scrub management
119 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Stantonbury Hill to Dog Kennel Wood Zone 10
Length: 0.89 km NGR From: ST 67959 63690 NGR To: ST 68843 63614 1995 MP Field No.: 94 to 99
National Heritage List No.: - Scheduled Monument No.: - Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: MBN6006
Photos:
Description: The earthworks through this zone have been levelled by ploughing although excavation in 1995 revealed good survival of buried deposits (Erskine 2013; unpublished).
Current Land use: Arable apart from Field 99 Land use in 1995: Field 94-95: Arable cereal; which is grassland, boundary Field 96-97: Arable loss in area Field 98: Arable and grassland; Field 99: Grassland.
1995 Survival: Uncertain Evidence 1995 Condition: Field 94: Levelled earthwork with ploughed out stony bank visible; Field 95: Slight bank; Field 96-99: No remains visible. 1995 Vulnerabilities: Field 94-95: Cultivation; Field 96-99: No threats identified. 1995 Management Field 94-99: Continuation of current management regime. Recommendations:
Current Survival: Sub-surface Deposit & Conjectural Evidence Current Condition: Poor Condition Assessment: Major Concern
120 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Stantonbury Hill to Dog Kennel Wood Zone 10
Current Vulnerability: Ongoing arable cultivation Stability: Gradual Decline Current Management Field 94-99: Cultivation regime, re-establish field boundaries between 96 and 97 to Recommendations: take earthwork out of cultivation. Shallow cultivation regime. Possibly consider scheduling?
121 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Dog Kennel Wood to Park Farm Zone 11
Length: 0.92 km NGR From: ST 68843 63614 NGR To: ST 69717 63351 1995 MP Field No.: 100-103 & 106-110
National Heritage List No.: 1007008 Scheduled Monument No.: BA 98 Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: MBN6006
Photos:
Description: Excavations in 1995 were undertaken in Field 100 to investigate relationship with an underlying Celtic Field system recorded in the HER in the area, although unfortunately no evidence of the relationship was recorded (Erskine 2013; unpublished). The new tree avenue planting within Newton park has deliberately left gaps over the alignment over West Wansdyke which reduces its vulnerability from tree roots damaging archaeological deposits.
Current Land use: Field 100: Grassland; Land use in 1995: Field 100: Grassland; Field 101: Playing fields; Field 101: Playing fields; Field 102: Grassland; Field 102: Grassland; Field 103: Coppice Woodland; Field 103: Coppice Woodland; Field 106-110: Grassland. Field 106-110: Grassland.
1995 Survival: Earthwork, Levelled Earthwork & Uncertain Evidence 1995 Condition: Field 100: Very good; Field 101: No remains visible; Field 102: Very spread bank;
122 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Dog Kennel Wood to Park Farm Zone 11
Field 103: Excellent, although possibly cut by stream; Field 106: Excellent; Field 107: Low earthwork survives; Field 108: Low bank visible; Field 109-110: No remains visible. 1995 Vulnerabilities: Field 100: Forestry, vegetation, vehicular access and cattle poaching; Field 101: Vegetation, fence and playing field; Field 102: Pipeline through monument and adjacent surfaced track; Field 103: Erosion from stream and vegetation; Field 106: Vegetation, cattle, and earthmoving; Field 107: No obvious threats; Field 108: Cultivation; Field 109-110: No threats identified. 1995 Management Field 100-106: Continuation of current management regime; Recommendations: Field 107: Continuation of current management regime and scheduling; Field 108-110: Continuation of current management regime.
Current Survival: Earthwork, Levelled Earthwork & Conjectural Evidence Current Condition: Western SM= Good; Eastern SM= Fair; Other areas= Fair Condition Assessment: Western SM= Satisfactory; Eastern SM and other areas= Minor Concerns Current Vulnerability: Eastern SM= Scrub, risk of burrowing; other areas = vehicle movement over monument, scrub, risk of burrowing; Stability: Western SM= Stable; Eastern SM= Gradual decline; Other areas= Stable
Heritage At Risk Not registered to be at risk. status: Current Management Field 100-102: Continuation of current management regime, consider extending Recommendations: scheduling into 102 Field 103: Tree and scrub management required to define course of monument. Is possible gap Field 104: Scrub management and monitoring Field 107: Continuation of current management regime, possible scheduling, monitor vehicle erosion, scrub monitoring and action as necessary; Field 108-110: Continuation of current management regime.
123 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Park Farm to Pennsylvania Farm Zone 12
Length: 1.12 km NGR From: ST 69717 63351 NGR To: ST 70704 63025 1995 MP Field No.: 111 to 116
National Heritage List No.: - Scheduled Monument No.: - Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: 6025-6026
Photos:
Description: Potential cropmark evidence has been previously used to suggest the route of the dyke curved southwards through Fields 113-114 although reassessment in 1995 suggested the cropmarks could relate to lynchets or geological features apparent in the wider area. Subsequent geophysical survey of the features provided negative evidence in Fields 113-114. Survey in 115 recorded a single ditch along the projected line of the dyke, although no evidence of a bank was detected.
Current Land use: Field 111: Mixed woodland; Land use in 1995: Field 111: Mixed woodland; Field 112-113: Arable; Field 112-113: Grassland; Field 114: Arable; Field 114: Arable; Field 115: Arable and partly Field 115: Arable, kale and partly afforested; afforested; Field 115.1-116: Grassland. Field 115.1-116: Grassland.
1995 Survival: Cropmark & Uncertain Evidence 1995 Condition: Field 111: Slight bank, possibly natural; Field 112: Slight bank, levelled earthwork; Field 113: Slight bank, possibly natural; Field 114: Linear soilmark/cropmark, possibly natural; Field 115: No remains visible; Field 115.1: Possible bank;
124 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Park Farm to Pennsylvania Farm Zone 12
Field 116: No remains visible. 1995 Vulnerabilities: Field 111: Vegetation; Field 112-114: Cultivation; Field 115: Vegetation; Field 115.1-116: No threats recorded. 1995 Management Field 111-116: Continuation of current management regime. Recommendations:
Current Survival: Subsurface Deposit, Conjectural Evidence & Uncertain Evidence Current Condition: Poor or uncertain Condition Assessment: Major concern for cultivated cropmark otherwise satisfactory due to uncertainity Current Vulnerability: Ongoing arable cultivation Stability: Gradual Decline Current Management Field 111-116: Continuation of current management regime. Recommendations:
125 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Pennsylvania Farm to Englishcombe Zone 13
Length: 0.89 km NGR From: ST 70704 63025 NGR To: ST 71570 62863 1995 MP Field No.: 117 to 123
National Heritage List No.: 1007006 Scheduled Monument No.: BA 96 Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: 6027-6028
Photos:
Description: This zone contains some of the best preserved earthworks for West Wansdyke. The earthwork has been subject to antiquarian investigations during the 19th century. Termini are recorded on either side of Newton Brook. The 1995 MP suggests that the collapse of terminal into Newton Brook was proposed in 1995 to have caused the present meander of the brook, and that since the parish boundary does not follow this line, suggesting that the collapse post-dates the formation of the parish boundary.
Current Land use: Field 117-118: Grassland; Land use in 1995: Field 117-118: Grassland; Field 119: Garden/ rough Field 119: Garden; ground; Field 120-121: Grassland; Field 120-121: Grassland; Field 122: Rotation grass ley; Field 122: Grassland; Field 123: Grassland; Field 123: Grassland and old
126 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Pennsylvania Farm to Englishcombe Zone 13
orchard;
1995 Survival: Earthwork & Uncertain Evidence 1995 Condition: Field 117: No remains visible; Field 118: Spread bank, scrub covered and eroded by Newton Brook to east; Field 119: No remains visible; Field 120-121: Bank and ditch with terminal; Field 122: Very good; Field 123: Spread bank, generally good condition; 1995 Vulnerabilities: Field 117: A driveway crosses the projected line of the dyke; Field 118: No obvious threats; Field 119: No threats identified; Field 120-121: Cattle poaching, vegetation, electricity pole and vehicular access route; Field 122: Vehicular access route and cattle poaching; Field 123: Vegetation. 1995 Management Field 117-121: Continuation of current management regime; Recommendations: Field 122: Management plan to control vehicular access across the monument; Field 123: Continuation of current management regime.
Current Survival: Earthwork, Conjectural Evidence, Conjectural Gap & Uncertain Evidence Current Condition: Western SM= Good; Eastern SM= Fair; other areas= Good Condition Assessment: Western SM= Satisfactory; Eastern SM= Minor Concern; other areas= Satisfactory Current Vulnerability: Eastern SM= Animal poaching on earthwork becoming large scar and encouraging burrowing animals Stability: Western SM= Stable; Eastern SM= Gradual decline; other areas= Stable
Heritage At Risk Not registered to be at risk. status: Current Management Field 117-119: Continuation of current management regime; Recommendations: Field 120-22: Control vehicular access across the monument, monitor and control animal poaching on SM; Field 123: Continuation of current management regime.
127 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Englishcombe to Breach Wood Zone 14
Length: 1.27 km NGR From: ST 71570 62863 NGR To: ST 72606 62389 1995 MP Field No.: 124 to 128, & 130-131
National Heritage List No.: - Scheduled Monument No.: - Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: 6028-6030
Photos:
Description: The route of West Wansdyke through Englishcombe is largely conjectural, with limited direct evidence for its presence before it reappears in Field 132 in Zone 15. The initial continuation of the dyke is commonly held to be indicated by the principal east-west road through the village that forms a hollow-way and may be situated within Wansdyke’s ditch. Furthermore a watching brief during the construction of a drive on the southern side of the high street recorded stratigraphy potentially representative of bank deposits (Iles 1988). A significant topographic feature in this section is the short valley, or ‘coombe’ after which the village is named, which is formed by a spring-head. In comparable situations along the route the dyke typically breaks with a gap defined with terminals to either side, and similar structures might be anticipated here. If there was a gap it could potentially have extended to east of the northerly road through Englishcome which is believed to be of Anglo-Saxon origin (Avon County Planning Department 1983, 7). Interestingly the alignment of the road approaches and crosses perpendicular to the line of the dyke, and then turns east down to Padley Bottom. This alignment suggests a contemporary relationship between the road and dyke, and possibly indicates that the current line of the Anglo-Saxon road respects the line of the dyke. Leaving Englishcombe, the course of Wansdyke has previously been suggested to follow the northerly road along the contour of the valley before turning southwards through Breach Wood. This alignment was broadly investigated by geophysical survey in 1995 which was unable to locate the monument. A possible alternative lies in the possible cropmark through Field 128 identified from aerial photographs (RAF/3G/TUD/UK/25 Frame 5033, taken 25/03/1946). A possible earthwork was identified within the south of Breach Wood that could indicate the re-emergence of the earthwork west of Field 132.
Current Land use: Field 124: Storage yard; Land use in 1995: Field 124: Storage yard; Field 125: houses, gardens and Field 125: houses, gardens and grassland; grassland;
128 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Englishcombe to Breach Wood Zone 14
Field 126-127: Arable; Field 126-127: Arable; Field 128 & 130: Arable; Field 128 & 130: Arable cereal; Field 131: Woodland. Field 131: Woodland.
1995 Survival: Earthwork & Uncertain Evidence 1995 Condition: Field 124: Very disturbed ground, no remains visible; Field 125: No remains visible; Field 126-127: Bank on hedge line north of Innox Grove, potential not relevant; Field 128 & 130: No remains visible; Field 131: Bank at east end of public footpath with badly eroded or slumped terminal. 1995 Vulnerabilities: Field 124: Disturbance from agricultural equipment; Field 125: No obvious threats; Field 126-128 & 130: No threats identified; Field 131: Vegetation, footpath erosion and modern improvements to ditch. 1995 Management Field 124-128 & 130: Continuation of current management regime; Recommendations: Field 131: Possible scheduling if identified as remains of dyke.
Current Survival: Conjectural Evidence & Uncertain Evidence Current Condition: Uncertain Condition Assessment: Satisfactory Current Vulnerability: Ongoing agricultural cultivation, scrub and tree growth in woodland Stability: Gradual decline Current Management Field 124-128 & 130: Continuation of current management regime; Recommendations: Field 131: Possible scheduling if identified as remains of dyke.
129 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Breach Wood to Middle Wood Zone 15
Length: 0.35 km NGR From: ST 72606 62389 NGR To: ST 72738 62070 1995 MP Field No.: 132
National Heritage List No.: 1007005 Scheduled Monument No.: BA 95 Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: 6031
Photos:
Description: There is a possible break at the western end of this Zone, where a seasonal spring-head is likely situated, with a well defined terminal at the northern end of the Scheduled section. The earthworks are well preserved in this section.
Current Land use: Field 132: Grassland. Land use in 1995: Field 132: Grassland.
1995 Survival: Earthwork & Conjectural Gap 1995 Condition: Field 132: Good condition, comprising ditch, low bank and terminal. 1995 Vulnerabilities: Field 132: No obvious threats. 1995 Management Field 132: Continuation of present management regime. Recommendations:
Current Survival: Earthwork & Conjectural Gap Current Condition: Good Condition Assessment: Satisfactory Current Vulnerability: N/A Stability: Stable Heritage At Risk status: Not registered to be at risk. Current Management Field 132: Continuation of present management regime. Recommendations:
130 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan
Middle Wood to A367 Zone 16
Length: 1.00 km NGR From: ST 72738 62070 NGR To: ST 73430 61761 1995 MP Field No.: 132 to 135
National Heritage List No.: - Scheduled Monument No.: - Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: 6032-6034
Photos:
Description: This area is associated with the possible remains of a deserted medieval farmstead (B&NS HER no. 1786), and has reputedly been impacted by clay digging (Fox et al. 1958, 35). It is possible to see the continuation of the bank earthwork extending into field 133 from the north The projected route turns east through Vernham Wood where several scarp, possibly deriving from natural slippage, are evident. This course is uncertain and no definitive evidence for route of the dyke through this area has yet been recorded. Topographically the dyke appears to climb the southern ridge of Padley Bottom, before turning east along the contours at the head of the valley. This alignment distinguishes Padley Bottom as a boundary, whereas along the rest of the route streams and valleys have been traversed by the monument. Indeed crossing Padley Bottom further to the north would have placed the alignment of the dyke on the northerly ridge of Odd Down providing greater visibility over the Avon valley.
Current Land use: Field 133: split between arable Land use in 1995: Field 133: Grassland; and grassland; Field 134: Woodland; Field 134: Woodland; Field 135: Pasture; Field 135: Pasture;
1995 Survival: Earthwork & Uncertain Evidence 1995 Condition: Field 133: Possibly ploughed since 1986, no remains visible;
131 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Middle Wood to A367 Zone 16
Field 134: Ground unstable, and monument undistinguishable; Field 135: No remains visible. 1995 Vulnerabilities: Field 133: Cultivation; Field 134: Woodland and slumping topsoil; Field 135: No threats identified. 1995 Management Field 133-135: Continuation of present management regime. Recommendations:
Current Survival: Conjectural Evidence & Uncertain Evidence Current Condition: Poor to uncertain Condition Assessment: Major Concern due to impacts from cultivation Current Vulnerability: cultivation, woodland, gateway on monument in 133 Stability: Gradual decline Current Management Field 133-135: Continuation of present management regime, but monitor erosion at Recommendations: gateway of 133.
132 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan A367 to Southstoke Lane Zone 17
Length: 1.33 km NGR From: ST 73430 61761 NGR To: ST 74748 6181869 1995 MP Field No.: 136 to 141
National Heritage List No.: 1007003 Scheduled Monument No.: BA 93 Bristol & NE Somerset HER No.: 6034-6035
Photos:
Description: The uncharacteristic straightness of this section of Wansdyke has been identified as indicating that this stretch was either originally a Roman road, had formed part of un-associated defensive works, or respected a previously unknown early-medieval boundary (1995, 22-23). Topographical analysis of this section highlights that it was situated across a level plateau, diverging from the rest of the monument that generally follows the contours of the hills, and provides an additional justification for its differences.
133 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan A367 to Southstoke Lane Zone 17
Archaeological monitoring on the northern side of the monument has not identified the presence of a ditch, although this may relate to later disturbance. This section of Wansdyke has been subject to a substantial degree of impact, initially due to quarrying right up to it during the 19th and early 20th century, and subsequent urban development from the 1950s to the present day. This encroachment has likely impacted the potential for spread deposits beyond the line of the monument to survive, and in many areas has cut directly into the bank itself. In addition there has been an impact from increased erosion from foot traffic and vehicular trespass over and along the monument.
Current Land use: Field 136: Gardens and waste; Land use in 1995: Field 136: Gardens and waste; Field 137: Footpath, buildings Field 137: Footpath, buildings and and playing fields; playing fields; Field 138: Green space and Field 138: Grassland; housing development Field 139: Arable and grassland; Field 139: Arable; Field 140: Playing fields; Field 140: Playing fields; Field 141: Arable and grassland. Field 141: Arable.
1995 Survival: Earthwork 1995 Condition: Field 136: Slight bank, cut back by construction works; Field 137-139: Bank evident with hedge and fence on summit and cut back by adjacent gardens; Field 140: Bank evident with hedge and fence on summit. Not cut back by development, but no ditch visible. Field 141: Spread bank evident with hedge and fence on summit. No ditch visible. 1995 Vulnerabilities: Field 136: Development; Field 137: Erosion along footpath, vegetation growth and gardens; Field 138-139: Erosion along footpath, vegetation growth, gardens and cultivation; Field 140: Vegetation, and erection of fence within probable ditch area; Field 141: Footpaths crossing and on the bank as well as hedges and garden walls. 1995 Management Field 136: Management of waste ground and scrub; Recommendations: Field 137-141: Management scheme for footpath and surrounding area.
Current Survival: Earthwork & Conjectural Evidence Current Condition: Very bad Condition Assessment: Critical Current Vulnerability: Built development, scrub, badgers, dumping, foot erosion, arable clipping Stability: Rapid decline Heritage At Risk Registered to be at risk from gardening and in a declining state. status: Current Management Field 136: Management of waste ground and scrub; Recommendations: Field 137-141: PRIORITY ACTION- Monitor badger sett and control as necessary, repair erosion scar from informal footpath with green paths, floating platform steps rather than hard landscaping, consider surfacing solutions for footpath along monument remove fly tipping, enforcement of damage to SM
134 West Wansdyke – Conservation Management Plan Illustrations
135 ±
Survival, Zone
Course of West Wansdyke
Course unproven or gap
BRISTOL Historically suggested extensions
BATH
0 2.5 5
Kilometers
English Heritage West Wansdyke Conservation Management Plan Figure 1 Location Plan
Brook Holt 3 Blackburn Road Sheffield S61 2DW T: 0114 2669292 www.ecusltd.co.uk
© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2013 Licence number 0100031673 Date: January 2014 Scale: 1:100,000@A3 Drg.Ref: JT/4569/1 BA 25 BA 99
BA 168 Legend
Course of Wansdyke Course unproven or gap BA 100 Scheduled Monuement BA 167
BA 94
BA 94 BA 94 BA 94
BA 72
BA 72 BA 98 BA 98
BA 96 BA 96 ± 0 0.9 1.8
Kilometers
BA 95 English Heritage West Wansdyke BA 93 Conservation Management Plan Figure 2 Location of Scheduled Monuments along West Wansdyke Brook Holt 3 Blackburn Road Sheffield S61 2DW T: 0114 2669292 www.ecusltd.co.uk
© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2013 Licence number 0100031673 Date: March 2014 Scale: 1:25,000 @A3 Drg.Ref: JT/4569/2 3 XW
Legend
Course of Wansdyke *#2 Course unproven or gap Scheduled Monument 4 1995 Management Plan field numbers *# 5 16 XW 14 *# Result of Event 6 12 XW 17 XW 13 15 XW 18 # XW XW XW *#XW XW * Positive intervention 7 11 19 8 9 *# *# XW *# *# 10 XW Inconclusive intervention *# Negative intervention *# Positive intevention, results not relevant *# Record of results not found XW Positive geophysical survey XW Inconclusive geophysical survey XW Negative geophysical survey XW Positive geophysics, results not relevant Extent of geophysical survey 24 *# ( Exact location of event unknown 23 *#XW 20 XW 18 19 XW *#21*#22
25 XW ± *# 27 26 XW 28 0 0.5 1 XW *#29 Kilometers 30 XW
31 English Heritage XW *# 32 West Wansdyke XW 33 Conservation Management Plan XW 35 36 34*# XW Figure 3.1 Location of Events
Brook Holt 3 Blackburn Road Sheffield S61 2DW T: 0114 2669292 www.ecusltd.co.uk
© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2013 Licence number 0100031673 Date: March 2014 Scale: 1:14,000@A3 Drg.Ref: JT/4569/3.1 39 Legend *# 4142 45 *#XW40 43 44 *#38 *# *#XW 46 48 XW*#47XW 49 50 Course of West Wansdyke 37 XW XW *# Course unproven or gap Scheduled Monument 5153 1995 Management Plan field numbers XW*#52 Result of Event XW54 *# Positive intervention 55 *# Inconclusive intervention XW 56 XW 57XW XW 59 *# Negative intervention *# Positive intevention, results not relevant *# Record of results not found XW Positive geophysical survey XW Inconclusive geophysical survey XW Negative geophysical survey XW Positive geophysics, results not relevant Extent of geophysical survey ( Exact location of event unknown XW 57 XW59 60*# 61 62 *# XW 63 XW *#58 64 XW ± 65 *# 0 0.5 1
Kilometers *#66
67 XW English Heritage 68 XW 77 79 West Wansdyke 76 *# 78 *#XW80 Conservation Management Plan 70 74*#*#71 *# *# *# 73 *#75 72 Figure 3.2 Location of Events *# 69 Brook Holt 3 Blackburn Road Sheffield S61 2DW T: 0114 2669292 www.ecusltd.co.uk
© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2013 Licence number 0100031673 Date: March 2014 Scale: 1:14,000@A3 Drg.Ref: JT/4569/3.2 Legend
Zone 1 Designated Earthwork Designated Earthwork/Levelled Earthwork Zone 2 Designated Uncertain Evidence Earthwork Levelled Earthwork Zone4 !D Sub-Surface Deposit Zone 5 Cropmark D! Conjectural Evidence DD Zone 3 Placename Evidence Uncertain Evidence Conjectural Gap Destroyed 1995 Management Plan field numbers ! Extant terminus D Lost or destroyed terminus
Zone 5
Zone 6 ± D 0 0.5 1 ! Kilometers
English Heritage Zone 7 ! ! West Wansdyke Zone 8 Conservation Management Plan Figure 4.1 Monument Zones and Survival Zone 9 Brook Holt 3 Blackburn Road Sheffield S61 2DW T: 0114 2669292 www.ecusltd.co.uk !! © Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2013 Licence number 0100031673 Date: March 2014 Scale: 1:14,000@A3 Drg.Ref: JT/4569/4.1 !! Zone 9 !
D! Legend Zone 10 Zone 11 DD Designated Earthwork Designated Earthwork/Levelled Earthwork Designated Uncertain Evidence Earthwork Zone 13 Levelled Earthwork Sub-Surface Deposit ! ! Zone 12 Cropmark DD Conjectural Evidence Placename Evidence Uncertain Evidence Conjectural Gap Destroyed 1995 Management Plan field numbers ! Extant terminus D Lost or destroyed terminus
! ! Zone 13 DD
Zone 14 ±
D 0 0.5 1 ! Kilometers Zone 15
English Heritage
Zone 17 West Wansdyke Conservation Management Plan Figure 4.2 Monument Zones and Survival Zone 16 Brook Holt 3 Blackburn Road Sheffield S61 2DW T: 0114 2669292 www.ecusltd.co.uk
© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2013 Licence number 0100031673 Date: March 2014 Scale: 1:14,000@A3 Drg.Ref: JT/4569/4.2 ± BRISTOL Legend
Course of West Wansdyke
Course unproven or gap
! Location of known terminus
River Avon 10 m contours
Large river
Publow Brook Publow Smaller river, brook or spring
River Chew Urban area Maes Knoll Compton Dando Woodland
Corston Brook BATH
Padley Brook Bathford Brook
Stantonbury Hill
Englishcombe Odd Down
Newton Book
0 1.5 3
Kilometers
English Heritage West Wansdyke Conservation Management Plan Figure 5 Topographic setting
Brook Holt 3 Blackburn Road Sheffield S61 2DW T: 0114 2669292 www.ecusltd.co.uk
© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2013 Licence number 0100031673 Date: January 2014 Scale: 1:50,000 @A3 Drg.Ref: JT/4569/5 ± Legend
Course of West Wansdyke
Course unproven or gap
Not visible
Visible
Maes Knoll: Zone 1 Maes Knoll to Blackrock: Zones 2-4
0 5.5 11
Kilometers
English Heritage West Wansdyke Conservation Management Plan Figure 6.1 Zones of Theoretical Intervisibility
Brook Holt 3 Blackburn Road Sheffield S61 2DW T: 0114 2669292 www.ecusltd.co.uk Blackrock to Compton Dando: Zone 5 Compton Dando to Stantonbury Camp: Zones 6-8
© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2013 Licence number 0100031673 Date: January 2014 Scale: 1:150,000 @A3 Drg.Ref: JT/4569/6.1 ± Legend
Course of West Wansdyke
Course unproven or gap
Not visible
Visible
Stantonbury Hill: Zone 9 Stantonbury Hill to Englishcombe: Zones 10-12
0 5.5 11
Kilometers
English Heritage West Wansdyke Conservation Management Plan Figure 6.2 Zones of Theoretical Intervisibility
Brook Holt 3 Blackburn Road Sheffield S61 2DW T: 0114 2669292 www.ecusltd.co.uk Englishcombe to Odd Down: Zones 13-16 Odd Down: Zones 16-17
© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2013 Licence number 0100031673 Date: January 2014 Scale: 1:150,000 @A3 Drg.Ref: JT/4569/6.2
X X
Legend X Course of Wansdyke Course unproven or gap Scheduled Monument 250m Buffer Public rights of Way Public foot path X X National trail Byway open to all traffic
Other public rights of way
X
X
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X X ±
X
X X X 0 0.5 1 Kilometers
English Heritage West Wansdyke Conservation Management Plan Figure 7.1 Public rights of way
Brook Holt 3 Blackburn Road Sheffield S61 2DW T: 0114 2669292 www.ecusltd.co.uk
© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2013 Licence number 0100031673 Date: March 2014 Scale: 1:14,000@A3 Drg.Ref: JT/4569/7.1 Legend
Course of Wansdyke Course unproven or gap Scheduled Monument 250m Buffer Public rights of Way Public foot path X X National trail Byway open to all traffic Other public rights of way
± 0 0.5 1
Kilometers
English Heritage West Wansdyke Conservation Management Plan Figure 7.2 Public rights of way
Brook Holt 3 Blackburn Road Sheffield S61 2DW T: 0114 2669292 www.ecusltd.co.uk
© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2013 Licence number 0100031673 Date: March 2014 Scale: 1:14,000@A3 Drg.Ref: JT/4569/7.2 Legend
Zone 1 Scheduled Monument 1995 Management Plan field numbers Zone 2 Condition Assessment Satisfactory Zone4 Minor Concerns Major Concerns Zone 5 Critical
Zone 3
Zone 5 Zone 6 ± 0 0.5 1
Kilometers Zone 7 English Heritage Zone 8 West Wansdyke Conservation Management Plan Figure 8.1 Condition assessment
Zone 9 Brook Holt 3 Blackburn Road Sheffield S61 2DW T: 0114 2669292 www.ecusltd.co.uk
© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2013 Licence number 0100031673 Date: March 2014 Scale: 1:14,000@A3 Drg.Ref: JT/4569/8.1 Zone 9
Legend Zone 10 Zone 11 Scheduled Monument 1995 Management Plan field numbers Condition Assessment Satisfactory Zone 13 Minor Concerns Major Concerns Zone 12 Critical
Zone 13
Zone 14 ± 0 0.5 1
Kilometers Zone 15
English Heritage
Zone 17 West Wansdyke Conservation Management Plan Figure 8.2 Assessment of condition Zone 16 Brook Holt 3 Blackburn Road Sheffield S61 2DW T: 0114 2669292 www.ecusltd.co.uk
© Crown copyright, All rights reserved. 2013 Licence number 0100031673 Date: March 2014 Scale: 1:14,000@A3 Drg.Ref: JT/4569/8.2