Index to Timber Framing 1-138
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
ARC 328W / 392W Wood Design Unique # 00780 / 01195 Spring
ARC 328W / 392W Wood Design Instructor – Mark Maček Unique # 00780 / 01195 [email protected] Spring 2019 office hours TTh 2:30 - 5:30 pm by appointment Build Lab GOL 1.101 GOL 3.106 Objectives Practice woodworking skills: tool sharpening, layout, millwork, joinery, gluing, & sanding. Learn the characteristics of the material wood, including specific species. Analyze the strength of wood joints. Design a piece of furniture based on a program, with materials and techniques in mind. Understand the point of view of the maker within the design process. Complete the final project. Schedule The first six weeks, we practice solid wood joinery using hand tools and power tools. This is a crucial time to attend every day and stay current. There will be an assignment each week due on Tuesday morning. Students sharpen chisels and mill lumber so it’s flat and straight. Our discussions are grounded in wood’s cellular structure and anisotropy. Strength derives from long grain, weakness from the lack of long grain. Changing moisture content creates expansion and contraction in predictable ways. We will study furniture design history and visit the shops of Austin craftspeople to see how they work. The final project is one piece of furniture of your choice of program. It must be mostly solid wood, no digital fabrication, and no larger than 25 cubic feet. Final project design assignments include sketches, scaled drawings, models at 3”=1’-0”, and full-scale mock-ups. The class holds two design reviews before construction begins, allowing seven weeks for completion. The class participates in school-wide final reviews with other design studios. -
Hand Saws Hand Saws Have Evolved to fill Many Niches and Cutting Styles
Source: https://www.garagetooladvisor.com/hand-tools/different-types-of-saws-and-their-uses/ Hand Saws Hand saws have evolved to fill many niches and cutting styles. Some saws are general purpose tools, such as the traditional hand saw, while others were designed for specific applications, such as the keyhole saw. No tool collection is complete without at least one of each of these, while practical craftsmen may only purchase the tools which fit their individual usage patterns, such as framing or trim. Back Saw A back saw is a relatively short saw with a narrow blade that is reinforced along the upper edge, giving it the name. Back saws are commonly used with miter boxes and in other applications which require a consistently fine, straight cut. Back saws may also be called miter saws or tenon saws, depending on saw design, intended use, and region. Bow Saw Another type of crosscut saw, the bow saw is more at home outdoors than inside. It uses a relatively long blade with numerous crosscut teeth designed to remove material while pushing and pulling. Bow saws are used for trimming trees, pruning, and cutting logs, but may be used for other rough cuts as well. Coping Saw With a thin, narrow blade, the coping saw is ideal for trim work, scrolling, and any other cutting which requires precision and intricate cuts. Coping saws can be used to cut a wide variety of materials, and can be found in the toolkits of everyone from carpenters and plumbers to toy and furniture makers. Crosscut Saw Designed specifically for rough cutting wood, a crosscut saw has a comparatively thick blade, with large, beveled teeth. -
A Guide to Maintaining the Historic Character of Your Forest Service Recreation Residence
United States Forest Department of Service Agriculture Technology & Development Program A Guide to Maintaining 2300–Recreation April 2014 the Historic Character 1423–2815P–MTDC of Your Forest Service Recreation Residence Cover: This photo in September 1923 shows a newly built recreation residence in the foothills of the Cascade Mountains at the Silver Creek tract of the Rainier National Forest, which is now part of the Mt. Baker- Snoqualmie National Forest in the Pacific Northwest Region. A Guide to Maintaining the Historic Character of Your Forest Service Recreation Residence Kathleen Snodgrass Project Leader USDA Forest Service Technology and Development Center Missoula, MT April 2014 USDA Non-Discrimination Policy The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax (202) employees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, 690-7442 or email at [email protected]. disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual’s income is Persons with Disabilities derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment Individuals who are deaf, hard of hearing or have speech disabilities and you wish to file either or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases an EEO or program complaint please contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) 877-8339 or (800) 845-6136 (in Spanish). -
Wooden Boat Building
WOODEN BOAT BUILDING Since 1978, students in the Wooden Boat Building Program at The Landing School have learned to create boats from scratch, producing functional art from plans created by professional yacht designers. As a program graduate, you will perfect skills that range from woodworking and composite fabrication to installing the latest marine systems – equipping you to start your own shop, build your own boat, crew a ship or become a master artisan. Study subjects include: How You’ll Learn Joinery & Refitting Your classwork will combine formal lectures and field trips with hands-on Modern Boat Building projects. Students are assigned to boat-specific teams, working together Techniques: Cold Molding Rigging under highly experienced instructors to learn quality and efficiency in every step of boat construction: lofting, setup, planking, fairing, joinery, spars, Professional Shop Practices rigging, finish work and, ultimately, sea trials. Proper Training in Boat projects are selected not only to match the interests of each team, but Modern & Traditional Tools to teach skills currently in demand within the marine industry. Typical builds include mid-sized boats such as the Flyfisher 22 powerboat, or a sailboat Traditional Boat Building such as the Haven 12½. To round out your skills, you may also construct Techniques: elements of smaller boats, such as a Peapod or Catspaw. Lapstrake Planking Visit us online at landingschool.edu Earning Your Diploma or Degree Additional occupations include: To earn a diploma in the Wooden Boat Building Program, you must attend The Landing School full time for two semesters (about eight months) and Boat Crewing meet all graduation criteria. -
February 2004 Fleam
True Japanese Dovetail Saws 2 new rip-tooth dozuki saws are efficient dovetailers. utting dovetail pins and tails is primarily a ripping C operation. So it has always bewildered me that almost every Japanese saw sold for dovetailing had teeth designed for crosscut- ting or cutting plywood. A few specialty importers do sell Japanese backsaws with a rip- tooth configuration, but these are made mostly by hand and cost between $140 and $1,500. Why, I wonder, isn’t there a machine-made dozuki that sells for about $35 – the cost of a de- cent crosscutting dozuki? Well, I don’t have the answer yet, but the two new rip-tooth dozukis on the market are considerably less expensive (between $70 and $80). To check the quality, I com- pared them to a premium rip- tooth dozuki that I’m quite fa- miliar with – the Kaneharu rip- ping dozuki, sold by Hiraide America for $182 (see the Sources box for more information). Sure they look like standard dozukis, but these saws have rip teeth.We by Christopher Schwarz compare the Kaneharu (in use) with new saws from Harima-Daizo (left) Comments or questions? Contact Chris and Lee Valley (right). at 513-531-2690 ext. 1407 or Photo by Al Parrish Photo by [email protected]. 62 POPULAR WOODWORKING February 2004 Fleam The Kaneharu saw has graduated teeth. Near the handle (left) there are 15 teeth per The Lee Valley saw has 18 tpi and a The Harima-Daizo Deluxe saw has inch, while at the toe (right) there are 10 tpi.This combination of tpi makes the saw small fleam that it uses for crosscutting. -
Field Testing and Structural Analysis of Burr Arch Covered Bridges in Pennsylvania
Field Testing and Structural Analysis of Burr Arch Covered Bridges in Pennsylvania Douglas Rammer1, James Wacker2, Travis Hosteng3, Justin Dahlberg4 and Yaohua Deng5 ABSTRACT: The Federal Highway Administration sponsored a comprehensive research program on Historic Covered Timber Bridges in the USA. This national program's main purpose is to develop improved methods to preserve, rehabilitate, and restore timber bridge trusses that were developed during the early 1800s and, in many cases, are still in service today. One of the many ongoing research studies is aimed at establishing a procedure for safely and reliably load- rating historic covered bridges though physical testing and improved structural modelling. This paper focuses on recent field work and analysis of four Burr Arch through-truss-type covered bridges located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. An overview of field evaluation methods, loading testing, and structural modelling procedures are included along with a comparison of field measurements and structural model prediction of bridge behaviour. KEYWORDS: loading rating, structural analysis, covered bridges, historical landmark, burr arch 1 INTRODUCTION 123 established for historic covered bridges. Given the historic nature and unusual geometric features of these The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), in structures, a procedure needs to be established detailing partnership with the USDA Forest Products Laboratory how to safely and reliably determine load ratings for and the National Park Service (NPS), sponsored a historic covered timber bridges through physical testing. comprehensive national research program on Historic Covered Timber Bridges in the USA. The main purpose Similarly, the complex behavior and unique details of is to develop improved methods to preserve, rehabilitate, covered bridges make structural modeling a daunting task and restore timber bridge trusses that were first developed for the typical bridge engineer. -
Identifying Certain Factors That Give Hunting Arrows Improved Performance in Windy Conditions and Increased Energy Downrange
(Opposite) Variables such as arrow diameter and fletching size play a huge role in downrange arrow performance. (Below) Easton’s AXIS arrows are a top choice for bowhunters looking to maximize wind drift and energy downrange since they are ultra-small in diameter and weigh about 9 to 10 grains per inch of shaft length. This allows for a total arrow weight well beyond 400 grains. Identifying certain factors that give hunting arrows improved performance in windy conditions and increased energy downrange. By Joe Bell Ample front-of-center weight is crucial for top accuracy when an arrow is subjected to a strong crosswind. The more front heavy the arrow is, the greater its steering capability becomes. This lessens point-aim errors and increases accuracy. he crawl was one of the Eventually, I made it to 45 yards— the arrow to strike. I became ecstatic. longest I’ve ever made on a as close as it was going to get. I felt The caribou ran over the rise and big-game animal. For hours I confident making the shot. I nocked disappeared. My guide and I later had been laying and slithering an arrow, came to my knees, and found the bull lying stone dead in a around in the spongy tundra waited. Several of the cows soon got patch of spruce. Tgrass, doing my best to get inside nervous and rose from their beds, and While soaking in my success, I bowrange of a nice woodland bailed over a small rise. I knew it was a began to reflect, and quickly realized caribou. -
Period Homes Magazine – Frame of Reference
One of these drivers is the choice of One way to control costs is to design a wood species. Choosing oak over mahog- hybrid frame that utilizes timber fram- any would dramatically reduce materials ing in the highly visibility areas and uses costs but may not achieve the desired look. stick framing or SIPS construction in the During the design process the team should remainder of the spaces. Often timber- review the characteristics of various species framed great rooms and front porches and tour several timber frames before se- are clad with and then married to SIPS lecting the species. construction. As discussed above, SIPS Another cost driver is the quality of provide structural support. Additionally, the wood, whether green (freshly felled), because of their design, they can be used kiln dried or reclaimed. Each of these can as structural building members, so whole markedly affect the price of the frame, with buildings can be constructed of SIPS. green wood typically the least expensive Another hybrid technique is to include and reclaimed wood the most expensive. A trusses in the design that are supported rule of thumb is that the drier the wood, by SIPS or stick-framed walls. It should the more stable, hence less checking and be recognized though that trusses can be tighter joints over time. These issues rarely structural or decorative, but the cost for have a structural impact on the frame and each will be about the same so they might are usually aesthetic choices. Requiring as well earn their keep. certified woods (Forest Stewardship Coun- In conclusion, timber framing is not only cil certified) sometimes affects price and one of the oldest construction techniques availability of certain species and should known to man, it is also among the most be reviewed during the design process. -
1. Hand Tools 3. Related Tools 4. Chisels 5. Hammer 6. Saw Terminology 7. Pliers Introduction
1 1. Hand Tools 2. Types 2.1 Hand tools 2.2 Hammer Drill 2.3 Rotary hammer drill 2.4 Cordless drills 2.5 Drill press 2.6 Geared head drill 2.7 Radial arm drill 2.8 Mill drill 3. Related tools 4. Chisels 4.1. Types 4.1.1 Woodworking chisels 4.1.1.1 Lathe tools 4.2 Metalworking chisels 4.2.1 Cold chisel 4.2.2 Hardy chisel 4.3 Stone chisels 4.4 Masonry chisels 4.4.1 Joint chisel 5. Hammer 5.1 Basic design and variations 5.2 The physics of hammering 5.2.1 Hammer as a force amplifier 5.2.2 Effect of the head's mass 5.2.3 Effect of the handle 5.3 War hammers 5.4 Symbolic hammers 6. Saw terminology 6.1 Types of saws 6.1.1 Hand saws 6.1.2. Back saws 6.1.3 Mechanically powered saws 6.1.4. Circular blade saws 6.1.5. Reciprocating blade saws 6.1.6..Continuous band 6.2. Types of saw blades and the cuts they make 6.3. Materials used for saws 7. Pliers Introduction 7.1. Design 7.2.Common types 7.2.1 Gripping pliers (used to improve grip) 7.2 2.Cutting pliers (used to sever or pinch off) 2 7.2.3 Crimping pliers 7.2.4 Rotational pliers 8. Common wrenches / spanners 8.1 Other general wrenches / spanners 8.2. Spe cialized wrenches / spanners 8.3. Spanners in popular culture 9. Hacksaw, surface plate, surface gauge, , vee-block, files 10. -
Over Jones Falls. This Bridge Was Originally No
The same eastbound movement from Rockland crosses Bridge 1.19 (miles west of Hollins) over Jones Falls. This bridge was originally no. 1 on the Green Spring Branch in the Northern Central numbering scheme. PHOTO BY MARTIN K VAN HORN, MARCH 1961 /COLLECTION OF ROBERT L. WILLIAMS. On October 21, 1959, the Interstate Commerce maximum extent. William Gill, later involved in the Commission gave notice in its Finance Docket No. streetcar museum at Lake Roland, worked on the 20678 that the Green Spring track west of Rockland scrapping of the upper branch and said his boss kept would be abandoned on December 18, 1959. This did saying; "Where's all the steel?" Another Baltimore not really affect any operations on the Green Spring railfan, Mark Topper, worked for Phillips on the Branch. Infrequently, a locomotive and a boxcar would removal of the bridge over Park Heights Avenue as a continue to make the trip from Hollins to the Rockland teenager for a summer job. By the autumn of 1960, Team Track and return. the track through the valley was just a sad but fond No train was dispatched to pull the rail from the memory. Green Spring Valley. The steel was sold in place to the The operation between Hollins and Rockland con- scrapper, the Phillips Construction Company of tinued for another 11/2 years and then just faded away. Timonium, and their crews worked from trucks on ad- So far as is known, no formal abandonment procedure jacent roads. Apparently, Phillips based their bid for was carried out, and no permission to abandon was the job on old charts that showed the trackage at its ' obtained. -
Durakore Planks
DuraKore® composite strip planks • Lightweight • Extemely high strength-to-weight ratio • High impact and fatigue resistance • Superior sound and thermal insulation properties • High moisture resistance DuraKore® Strip Composite Technique represents a technological break- • Positive flotation through that simplifies the process of • Excellent cost effectiveness building a custom, one-off composite • Renewable natural resource boat for the amateur builder and professional builder alike. The DuraKore Building System combines the best DuraKore strip planks consist of an end-grain balsa core elements of traditional wooden boat building techniques sandwiched between timber veneers. Planks are supplied with advanced, lightweight, composite materials. as 300mm x 2400mm sheets and are pre-scarfed to Builders can construct a stronger, lighter ‘composite’ facilitate joining. boat faster and easier than with traditional wood Planks are manufactured in a controlled environment construction techniques. For example, DuraKore weighs and under-go strict Quality Inspections, at all stages up to 67 per cent less than an equal thickness of Western during the manufacturing process, to ensure dimensional Red Cedar, yet is actually stronger. stability and consistent thickness. The amateur builder will find that DuraKore is easy to handle and does not require the use of complicated tooling or moulds. Construction proceeds in small, logical steps. The professional builder will find that DuraKore allows construction of a very competitive boat in terms of strength-to-weight, stiffness-to-weight, and durability, at a cost significantly less than other forms of one-off construction. DuraKore is also ideal for building running plugs and prototypes, allowing production builders the opportunity to recoup a good deal of new-model tooling costs. -
Timber Bridges Design, Construction, Inspection, and Maintenance
Timber Bridges Design, Construction, Inspection, and Maintenance Michael A. Ritter, Structural Engineer United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Ritter, Michael A. 1990. Timber Bridges: Design, Construction, Inspection, and Maintenance. Washington, DC: 944 p. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author acknowledges the following individuals, Agencies, and Associations for the substantial contributions they made to this publication: For contributions to Chapter 1, Fong Ou, Ph.D., Civil Engineer, USDA Forest Service, Engineering Staff, Washington Office. For contributions to Chapter 3, Jerry Winandy, Research Forest Products Technologist, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory. For contributions to Chapter 8, Terry Wipf, P.E., Ph.D., Associate Professor of Structural Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. For administrative overview and support, Clyde Weller, Civil Engineer, USDA Forest Service, Engineering Staff, Washington Office. For consultation and assistance during preparation and review, USDA Forest Service Bridge Engineers, Steve Bunnell, Frank Muchmore, Sakee Poulakidas, Ron Schmidt, Merv Eriksson, and David Summy; Russ Moody and Alan Freas (retired) of the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory; Dave Pollock of the National Forest Products Association; and Lorraine Krahn and James Wacker, former students at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. In addition, special thanks to Mary Jane Baggett and Jim Anderson for editorial consultation, JoAnn Benisch for graphics preparation and layout, and Stephen Schmieding and James Vargo for photographic support. iii iv CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 TIMBER AS A BRIDGE MATERIAL 1.1 Introduction .............................................................................. l- 1 1.2 Historical Development of Timber Bridges ............................. l-2 Prehistory Through the Middle Ages ....................................... l-3 Middle Ages Through the 18th Century ................................... l-5 19th Century ............................................................................