DOCSLIB.ORG

Cubango-Okavango River Basin Water Audit (CORBWA) Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Synthesis Report Cubango-Okavango River Basin Water Audit (CORBWA) Project Synthesis Report Cubango-Okavango River Basin Water Audit (CORBWA) Project FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2014 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. E-ISBN 978-92-5-108298-0 (PDF) © FAO, 2014 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence-request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. iii Contents LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF BOXES viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ix KEY TERMS USED xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii EXCHANGE RATES xiv PROJECT DURATION AND PERIOD xv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xvi PROJECT BACKGROUND, APPROACH AND CHALLENGES xvi KEY FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS xvii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 THE BASIN AND OKACOM 1 1.2 TRANSBOUNDARY DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS AND STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN 2 1.3 WATER AUDITS 4 1.4 APPROACH & METHODOLOGY 5 2. TRENDS IN WATER RESOURCES AVAILABILITY 15 2.1 TRENDS 16 2.2 MONITORING NETWORKS 24 2.3 MONITORING INDICATORS AND TREND ANALYSIS METHODS 26 3. WATER USE IN THE CUBANGO OKAVANGO RIVER BASIN 29 3.1 INTRODUCTION 29 3.2 WATER USE BY COUNTRY 32 3.3 FUTURE WATER DEMAND 38 3.4 DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM 42 3.5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 55 iv 4. THE VALUE AND COSTS OF WATER RESOURCES 58 4.1 INTRODUCTION 58 4.2 USEFUL VALUE AND COST CONCEPTS 58 4.3 VALUATION METHODS AND STUDIES 60 4.4 COST OF WATER SUPPLY 63 4.5 ROLE OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS IN BASIN MANAGEMENT 64 5. POLICY ENVIRONMENT 72 5.1 GOVERNANCE CONSTRAINTS AND STRENGTHS OF OKACOM MEMBER STATES 72 5.2 IWRM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS 74 5.3 ANALYSIS BASED ON THE GLOBAL WATER PARTNERSHIP IWRM TOOL BOX 80 5.4 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 80 6. POLICY OPTIONS 84 6.1 GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 84 6.2 IWRM OPTIONS AND ISSUES 86 7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 93 REFERENCES 97 ANNEX 1: LIST OF REPORTS PRODUCED UNDER CORBWA 101 ANNEX 2: LIST OF COUNTRY PROJECT SUPPORT 103 GROUP FOCAL POINTS, CONSULTANTS, AND OKASEC 2.1 COUNTRY PROJECT SUPPORT GROUPS FOCAL POINTS 103 2.2 CONSULTANTS AND FAO TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 103 2.3 OKASEC 103 ANNEX 3: COLOUR FIGURES 105 v List of Tables Table 1: Okavango River Basin (topographic) 2 Table 2: Daily water use figures by livestock type (L/day) 11 Table 3: Daily water use figures used in the settlement estimates (L/p/d) 12 Table 4: Summary of results of the analyses of Okavango river discharges, 17 total annual flows, upstream from the Okavango Delta Table 5: Analysis results of the Omatako, Thamalakane and 18 Kunyere River discharges Table 6: Summary of variability in rainfall measured at long-term stations 21 Table 7: Summary of trends in temperature at long-term stations 21 Table 8: Proposed monitoring indicators for the state and trends in 28 water resources. Table 9: Estimated water usea in the Cubango Okavango River Basin (in 000m3) 30 Table 10: Estimated water use in Angola by sector (around 2010; 000m3) 32 Table 11: Current and projected water use in the Namibian part of CORB 33 Table 12: Groundwater versus surface water withdrawals in meeting 34 water demand by sector in the CORB-Namibia, 2008 Table 13: Water use by sector in Botswana’s part of the basin (Mm3) 36 Table 14: Scenarios of the transboundary diagnostic analysis 39 Table 15: Future water demand in Namibian part of CORB (Mm3) 41 Table 16: CORBWA parameters of agricultural water demand in present 46 day scenario Table 17: Livestock water demand parameters 47 Table 18: Domestic demand parameters 47 Table 19: Delta reservoir parameters 49 Table 20: Water demand by sector and country in 2010 and 2030 51 (000 cubic meters) Table 21: Lowest simulated flows in the different scenarios 54 Table 22: Direct economic use value of the Okavango Delta wetland 60 (BWP 000; 2005) Table 23: Estimated indirect use values of the Okavango Ramsar site 61 and the Delta (BWP 000, 2005) vi Table 24: Estimated contributions of Okavango river/wetland-based natural 61 resources to livelihoods and the national economies in Angola, Namibia, Botswana and the basin as a whole (US$, 2008) Table 25: DWA revenues from water sales 64 Table 26: Typology of water use activities in the CORB and key characteristics 67 Table 27: Physical water use table for the Botswana part of the 69 Cubango-Okavango River Basin (million m3) Table 28: SWOT analysis of CORB governance structure 75 Table 29: Water charges in the CORB countries (price/m3 supplied) 77 Table 30: Analysis of the CORB governance issues based 81 on the requirements of the GWP IWRM tool box Table 31: Access to improved water and sanitation facilities (MDG 7) 88 Table 32: Estimated daily domestic water use by country 88 Table 33: CORBWA findings for the TDA drivers of change 94 Table 34: CORBWA findings on the main basins concerns identified in the TDA 94 Table 35: Findings in terms of the BDMF IMOs 95 vii List of Figures Figure 1: CORBWA project components and their interactions 6 Figure 2: Estimated amounts of surface and ground water withdrawals by country and in the basin (Mm3). 31 Figure 3: River water withdrawals by economic sector (000 m3) 31 Figure 6: Possible future water demand pathways (000m3) 41 Figure 7: EPSMO hydrological modeling overview (EPSMO, 2009) 44 Figure 8: Example of results of EPSMO WEAP application (m3/second; % of time) 45 Figure 9: Proposed monthly variation of irrigation requirement 46 Figure 10: Maximum annual extent of flooded area. 49 Figure 11a: Water demand in CORBWA and EPSMO Reference scenario, 50 monthly average Figure 11b: Stream flow in CORBWA and EPSMO Reference scenarios, 51 monthly average at Mohembo Figure 12: Comparison of total water demand in selected scenarios 53 Figure 13: Total Economic Value 59 Figure 14: Estimated annual contributions of Okavango-based natural 63 resources to household livelihoods, direct gross national income and direct + indirect gross national income (US$, 2008) Figure 15: Location of the water audit project and linkages with 93 OKACOM documents. viii List of Boxes Box 1: Objectives of water audits 4 Box 2: Expanded IWRM principles 76 Box 3: International experiences with irrigation water charges 91 ix List of abbreviations and acronyms BDMF Basin Development and Management Framework BWP Botswana Pula CAN Central Area Namibia CAR Centre for Applied Research CBNRM Community-Based Natural Resources Management CBS Central Bureau of Statistics CKGR Central Kalahari Game Reserve CMS Cubic Meter per Second CORB Cubango-Okavango River Basin CORBWA Cubango-Okavango River Basin Water Audit DC District Council DEA Department of Environmental Affairs DGS Department of Geological Services DWA Department of Water Affairs DWNP Department of Wildlife and National Parks EFA Environmental Flow Assessment EFR Environmental Flow Requirements EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIIR Economic Internal Rate of Return EMA Environmental Management Act EPSMO Environmental Protection and Sustainable Management of the Okavango River Basin ENWC Eastern National Water Carrier EWA Economic Water Accounting EWR Ecological Water Requirements FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations GCM Global Circulation Model GDP Gross Domestic Product GW Groundwater GWh Gigawatt Hour GWP Global Water Partnership ICP International Cooperating Partner IMO Indicative Management Objective IRR Internal Rate of Return IUA Integrated Unit of Analysis Ha Hectare HDI Human Development Index HEP Hydroelectric Power IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management KAZA Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area Kwz Angolan Kwanza LGB Little Green Book MDG Millennium Development Goal x Mm3 Million cubic meters MAWF Ministry of Agriculture, Water Resources, and Forestry MINEA Ministry of Water and Energy MW Megawatt MOC Marginal Opportunity Costs NamWater Namibia Water Corporation N$ Namibian Dollar NAP National Action Programme NIP National Irrigation Plan NPC National Planning Commission NPV Net Present Value NSWC North South Water Carrier NWMP(R) National Water Master Plan (Review) OBSC Okavango Basin Steering Committee ODMP Okavango Development Management Plan OKACOM Permanent Okavango River Basin Water Commission OKASEC OKACOM Secretariat ORI Okavango Research Institute
Recommended publications
  • Okavango River Chapter 5 2004.Pdf

    Okavango River Chapter 5 2004.Pdf

    Chapter5.qxd 1/15/04 5:19 PM Page 70 5 the river Meandering across the Kalahari Convoluted meanders and horseshoe lakes on the Cutato River. Chapter5.qxd 1/15/04 5:19 PM Page 72 okavango river THE RIVER | Meandering across the Kalahari Crystal clear, pristine waters of the Cuebe River WATER COLLECTS in a large catchment area of little affected by humans. 1ew chemicals pollute its upstream of Menongue. about 111,000 square kilometres (km2), then flows water, damming or channeling do not change the flow igure 19 hundreds of kilometres with no further inflow before of water to any extent, and natural vegetation in the The Okavango Basin forms part of a large drainage area in the central finally dispersing in an alluvial fan that now covers up Delta is largely intact. In fact, many of the rivers in its Kalahari. Much of that area is now dry but a great deal of water flowed to 40,000 km2. This is the essence of the Okavango, catchment area in Angola are equally pristine. there during wetter periods long ago (see page 67). Some water still flows and very few rivers in the world work like this! The Thirdly, the river water is particularly clean and pure along ephemeral rivers after heavy rains, but the fossil rivers have not active catchment area lies wholly in Angola and is thus because most of the catchment areas drain Kalahari flowed into the Okavango in living memory. Many of the rivers were also distinctly separated from the alluvial fan in Botswana, sands (see page 33) and the tributaries filter through connected during wetter times when Okavango water could flow into the called the Okavango Delta.
  • Snow Cover Dynamics in Andean Watersheds of Chile (32.0-39.5°S) During the Years 2000 - 2013

    Snow Cover Dynamics in Andean Watersheds of Chile (32.0-39.5°S) During the Years 2000 - 2013

    Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., doi:10.5194/hess-2016-357, 2016 Manuscript under review for journal Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Published: 20 September 2016 c Author(s) 2016. CC-BY 3.0 License. Snow cover dynamics in Andean watersheds of Chile (32.0-39.5°S) during the years 2000 - 2013 Alejandra Stehr1,2,3 and Mauricio Aguayo1,2 1Centre for Environmental Sciences EULA-CHILE, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile 5 2Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile 3CRHIAM, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile Correspondence to: A. Stehr ([email protected]) Abstract. Andean watersheds present important snowfall accumulation mainly during the winter which is later melted during spring and part of the summer. The effect of snowmelt on the water balance can be critical to sustain agriculture activities, 10 hydropower generation, urban water supply and wildlife. In Chile 25% of the territory between the Valparaiso and Araucanía Regions comprise areas where snow precipitation occurs. As in many other difficult-to-access regions of the world, in the Chilean Andes there is a lack of hydrological data like discharge, snow courses, snow depths, which complicate the analysis of important hydrological processes (e.g. water availability). Remote sensing provides a promising opportunity to enhance the assessment and monitoring of the spatial and temporal variability of snow characteristics, like Snow Cover Area (SCA) and 15 Snow Cover Dynamic (SCD). In the above mentioned context the objectives of this study are to evaluate the suitability of MOD10A2 to estimate SCA and to assess SCD at five watersheds (Aconcagua, Rapel, Maule, Biobío and Toltén) located in the Chilean Andes, between latitude 32.0ºS and 39.5ºS.
  • Angola: Activists Facing Harassment and Intimidation

    Angola: Activists Facing Harassment and Intimidation

    First UA: 71/20 Index:AFR 12/2302/2020 Angola Date: 13 May 2020 URGENT ACTION ACTIVISTS FACING HARASSMENT AND INTIMIDATION Members of the non-governmental organisation Mission of Beneficence Agriculture of Kubando, Inclusive Technologies and Environment (MBAKITA) are facing harassment and intimidation, including death threats and attacks, in Cuando Cubango province, Southern Angola, because of their work for the defence and promotion of the rights of people from ethnic minorities in Southern Angola. TAKE ACTION: WRITE AN APPEAL IN YOUR OWN WORDS OR USE THIS MODEL LETTER Minister Francisco Manuel Monteiro de Queiroz Honourable Minister of Justice and Human Rights Rua 17 de Setembro Luanda, Angola Email: [email protected] Honourable Minister Francisco Manuel Monteiro de Queiroz, I am concerned that members of the non-governmental organisation MBAKITA are being targeted with increasing acts of intimidation, death threats and attacks. I believe that these acts are being carried out with the aim of preventing members of MBAKITA from doing their work for the defence and promotion of the rights of people from ethnic minorities and denouncing corruption in the region. Unidentified armed men broke into the house of Pascoal Baptistiny, executive director of MBAKITA, on 17 and 23 April, and 11, 12 and 13 May. The men entered into Pascoal Baptistiny’s home, tied the hands of the two security guards and took several items of electronic equipment, including three computers, a video camera, memory cards and cell phones. These are only the most recent incidents in a series of attacks that Pascoal Baptistiny and MBAKITA activists have been enduring over the years.
  • Regional Project Proposal

    Regional Project Proposal

    ADSWAC Full Proposal [V.1] January 18, 2021 REGIONAL PROJECT PROPOSAL ADSWAC PROJECT RESILIENCE BUILDING AS CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN DROUGHT-STRUCK SOUTH-WESTERN AFRICAN COMMUNITIES ANGOLA AND NAMIBIA Title of Project: RESILIENCE BUILDING AS CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN DROUGHT-STRUCK SOUTH-WESTERN AFRICAN COMMUNITIES Countries: ANGOLA AND NAMIBIA Thematic Focal Area1: FOOD SECURITY Type of Implementing Entity: REGIONAL IMPLEMENTING ENTITY (RIE) Implementing Entity: SAHARA AND SAHEL OBSERVATORY (OSS) Executing Entities: REGIONAL: ADPP (AJUDA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE POVO PARA POVO) NATIONAL : ANGOLA: ADPP (AJUDA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE POVO PARA POVO) NAMIBIA: DAPP (DEVELOPMENT AID FROM PEOPLE TO PEOPLE) Amount of Financing Requested: 11,941,038 US DOLLARS 1 Thematic areas are: Food security; Disaster risk reduction and early warning systems; Transboundary water management; Innovation in adaptation finance. 1 ADSWAC Full Proposal [V.1] January 18, 2021 CONTENT PART PROJECT INFORMATION ................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Project Background and Context ................................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Project Area Context .................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Description of the Project sites ...................................................................................................................................
  • Fire and Its Effects on Vegetation in the Okavango Delta.Pdf

    Fire and Its Effects on Vegetation in the Okavango Delta.Pdf

    MICHAEL HEINL Fire and its effects on vegetation in the Okavango Delta, Botswana Feuer und sein Einfluss auf die Vegetation im Okavango Delta, Botswana supported by Fire and its effects on vegetation in the Okavango Delta, Botswana Feuer und sein Einfluss auf die Vegetation im Okavango Delta, Botswana Diplomarbeit am Lehrstuhl für Vegetationsökologie Technische Universität München Freising-Weihenstephan Prof. Dr. Jörg Pfadenhauer - 25. August 2001 - Autor: Michael Heinl ([email protected]) Betreuer: Dr. Jan Sliva ([email protected]) Prof. Jörg Pfadenhauer Dr. E. Veenendaal supported by PREFACE II Fire and its effects on vegetation in the Okavango Delta, BoBotttswanaswana Preface The present MSc-Thesis (Diplomarbeit) describes the results of a one-year project about the effects of fire on vegetation, with special focus on the Okavango Delta region, Botswana. The study is based on a new initiated research co-operation between Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre (HOORC) in Maun, Botswana, part of University of Botswana and the Chair of Vegetation Ecology of the Technische Universität München (TUM), Germany funded by Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft within their programme “Forschung für Naturräume“ for young scientists. Under the topic “Elements in Conflict - Anthropogenic fires in the RAMSAR-wetland Okavango-Delta (Botswana)”, prerequisites were set for future co- operative research projects between HOORC and TUM during August 2000 to August 2001. Besides the theoretical introduction to the ecology of the study area ‘Okavango Delta’, this period was primarily used to gain first practical experience on the vegetation and the fire ecology of the Okavango Delta during the stays in Botswana in October 2000 and March/April/Mai 2001.
  • Ramsar Information Sheet

    Ramsar Information Sheet

    Ramsar Information Sheet Text copy-typed from the original document. 1. Date this sheet was completed: 20.11.1996 2. Country: Botswana 3. Name of wetland: The Okavango Delta System 4. Geographical co-ordinates: The Okavango Delta System lies between Longitudes 21 degrees 45 minutes East and 23 degrees 53 minutes East; and Latitudes 18 degrees 15 minutes South and 20 degrees 45 minutes South. It includes the Okavango River, commonly referred to as the Pan handle; the entire Okavango Delta; Lake Ngami; and parts of the Kwando and Linyanti River systems that fall west of the western boundary of the Chobe National Park. The entire area is as depicted on the attached map. 5. Altitude: Generally between 930 metres and 1000 metres above sea level. 6. Area: Approximately 68 640 km² (6 864 000 hectares) 7. Overview Three main features characterise the region, the Okavango, the Kwando and Linyanti river system connected to the Okavango Delta through the Selinda spillway and the intervening and surrounding dryland areas. These features are located within the Okavango rift, a geological structure subject to tectonis control and infilled with Kahalari Group sediments, principally sand, up to 300 metres thick. The Delta is the most important of the above named features. It is an inland delta in a semi arid region in which inflow fluctuations result in large fluctuations in flooded area (10,000 - 16,000 km²), which is comprised of permanent swamp, seasonal swamp and intermittently flooded areas. Similar flooding takes place in the Kwando/Linyanti river system. This leads to high seasonal concentrations of birdlife and wildlife, giving the area a very high tourism potential.
  • 2.3 Angola Road Network

    2.3 Angola Road Network

    2.3 Angola Road Network Distance Matrix Travel Time Matrix Road Security Weighbridges and Axle Load Limits For more information on government contact details, please see the following link: 4.1 Government Contact List. Page 1 Page 2 Distance Matrix Uige – River Nzadi bridge 18 m-long and 4 m-wide near the locality of Kitela, north of Songo municipality destroyed during civil war and currently under rehabilitation (news 7/10/2016). Road Details Luanda The Government/MPLA is committed to build 1,100 km of roads in addition to 2,834 km of roads built in 2016 and planned rehabilitation of 7,083 km of roads in addition to 10,219 km rehabilitated in 2016. The Government goals will have also the support from the credit line of the R. of China which will benefit inter-municipality links in Luanda, Uige, Malanje, Cuanza Norte, Cuanza Sul, Benguela, Huambo and Bié provinces. For more information please vitsit the Website of the Ministry of Construction. Zaire Luvo bridge reopened to trucks as of 15/11/2017, this bridge links the municipality of Mbanza Congo with RDC and was closed for 30 days after rehabilitation. Three of the 60 km between MCongo/Luvo require repairs as of 17/11/2017. For more information please visit the Website of Agencia Angola Press. Works of rehabilitation on the road nr, 120 between Mbanza Congo (province Zaire) and the locality of Lukunga (province of Uige) of a distance of 111 km are 60% completed as of 29/9/2017. For more information please visit the Website of Agencia Angola Press.
  • Final Report: Southern Africa Regional Environmental Program

    Final Report: Southern Africa Regional Environmental Program

    SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM FINAL REPORT DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. FINAL REPORT SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM Contract No. 674-C-00-10-00030-00 Cover illustration and all one-page illustrations: Credit: Fernando Hugo Fernandes DISCLAIMER The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States government. CONTENTS Acronyms ................................................................................................................ ii Executive Summary ............................................................................................... 1 Project Context ...................................................................................................... 4 Strategic Approach and Program Management .............................................. 10 Strategic Thrust of the Program ...............................................................................................10 Project Implementation and Key Partners .............................................................................12 Major Program Elements: SAREP Highlights and Achievements .................. 14 Summary of Key Technical Results and Achievements .......................................................14 Improving the Cooperative Management of the River
  • Chapter 2 Transboundary Environmental Issues

    Chapter 2 Transboundary Environmental Issues

    The Eyeof Mauritania Also known as the Richat Structure, this prominent geographic feature through time, has been eroded by wind and windblown sand. At 50 in Mauritania’s Sahara Desert was fi rst thought to be the result of a km wide, the Richat Structure can be seen from space by astronauts meteorite impact because of its circular, crater-like pattern. However, because it stands out so dramatically in the otherwise barren expanse Mauritania’s “Eye” is actually a dome of layered sedimentary rock that, of desert. Source: NASA Source: 37 ey/Flickr.com A man singing by himself on the Jemaa Fna Square, Morocco Charles Roff 38 Chapter2 Transboundary Environmental Issues " " Algiers Tunis TUNISIA " Rabat " Tripoli MOROCCO " Cairo ALGERIA LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA EGYPT WESTERN SAHARA MAURITANIA " Nouakchott CAPE VERDE MALI NIGER CHAD Khartoum " ERITREA " " Dakar Asmara Praia " SENEGAL Banjul Niamey SUDAN GAMBIA " " Bamako " Ouagadougou " Ndjamena " " Bissau DJIBOUTI BURKINA FASO " Djibouti GUINEA Conakry NIGERIA GUINEA-BISSAU " ETHIOPIA " " Freetown " Abuja Addis Ababa COTE D’IVORE BENIN LIBERIA TOGO GHANA " " CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC SIERRA LEONE " Yamoussoukro " IA Accra Porto Novo L Monrovia " Lome A CAMEROON OM Bangui" S Malabo Yaounde " " EQUATORIAL GUINEA Mogadishu " UGANDA SAO TOME Kampala AND PRINCIPE " " Libreville " KENYA Sao Tome Nairobi GABON " Kigali CONGO " DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC RWANDA OF THE CONGO " Bujumbura Brazzaville BURUNDI "" Kinshasa UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA " Dodoma SEYCHELLES " Luanda Moroni " COMOROS Across Country Borders ANGOLA Lilongwe " MALAWI ZAMBIA Politically, the African continent is divided into 53 countries " Lusaka UE BIQ and one “non-self-governing territory.” Ecologically, Harare M " A Z O M Antananarivo" Port Louis Africa is home to eight major biomes— large and distinct ZIMBABWE " biotic communities— whose characteristic assemblages MAURITIUS Windhoek " BOTSWANA MADAGASCAR of fl ora and fauna are in many cases transboundary in NAMIBIA Gaborone " Maputo nature, in that they cross political borders.
  • Dismantled Poaching Net and Gun Snipers

    Dismantled Poaching Net and Gun Snipers

    27/07/2020 Dismantled poaching net and weapon snipers | Provinces | Jornal de Angola - Online Monday, 27 July 2020 17:56 Director: Victor Silva Deputy Director: Caetano Júnior PROVINCES Dismantled poaching net and gun snipers Carlos Paulino | Menongue July 27, 2020 In all, 11 nationals, including firearm suppliers, poachers and game vendors, were arrested last week in Luengue-Luiana National Park, Cuando Cubango province. jornaldeangola.sapo.ao/provincias/desmantelada-rede-de-caca-furtiva-e-passadores-de-armas?fbclid=IwAR34siY1W8LVKBKs-xJPGWRuiejZh2k… 1/2 27/07/2020 Dismantled poaching net and weapon snipers | Provinces | Jornal de Angola - Online Approximately 300 young people were recruited in various locations to reinforce inspection in the two national parks Photo: Edições Novembro According to the director of the Provincial Environment Office, Júlio Bravo, among the detainees, seven were dedicated to the slaughter of animals of various species, two supplied firearms and ammunition and two ladies were in charge of the sale of meat. The alleged criminals, detained during a joint operation between National Police officers and environmental inspectors deployed in Luengue-Luiana Park, had two mauser weapons in their possession, a PKM machine gun, a shotgun, 91 ammunition and 200 kilograms of animal meat. slaughtered. Júlio Bravo, who headed a multisectoral commission, which worked for two weeks in the municipalities of Mavinga, Rivungo, Dirico and Cuangar, announced that during the tour in these regions 300 young people were selected who live near the national parks of Mavinga and Luengue- Luiana to strengthen the brigades of environmental inspectors. The official informed that the selected young people will be trained at the Environmental Inspector Training Institute “31 de Janeiro ”, based in the city of Menongue, after the constraints caused by the pandemic ended.

  • Evaluation of Norweegian Refugee Councils Distribution and Food Security Programmes - Southern Angola 1997-2007

    T R O P E R E T E L P M O C NORWEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCIL EVALUATION REPORT EVALUATION OF NORWEEGIAN REFUGEE COUNCILS DISTRIBUTION AND FOOD SECURITY PROGRAMMES - SOUTHERN ANGOLA 1997-2007 DISTRIBUTION AND FOOD SECURITY PROGRAMME IN ANGOLA BY CHRISTIAN LARSSEN JUNE 2008 Evaluation of Norwegian Refugee Council Distribution Programmes – Southern Angola, 1999-2007 FINAL REPORT 12 March 2008 Evaluator Christian Larssen Evaluation of NRC Distribution Programme – Angola Page 1 of 53 Content Executive Summary 3 Map of Angola 5 1. Project Description and Summary of Activities 6 2. Evaluation of project impact, effectiveness and efficiency 20 3. Evaluation of project sustainability 27 4. Conclusions, Lessons Learned and Recommendations 31 5. Evaluation purpose, scope and methodology 35 Annexes: A. Distribution Tables, NRC-Angola 2002-2007 B. Evaluation team and Programme C. Terms of Reference D. List of meetings/people contacted E. List of documents used F. Glossary and Abbreviations G. UN OCHA Access Map for Angola 2002 and 2003 The observations, conclusions and recommendations contained in this report are the exclusive responsibility of the evaluator/consultant, meaning that they do not necessarily reflect the views of the Norwegian Refugee Council or its staff Evaluation of NRC Distribution Programme – Angola Page 2 of 53 Executive Summary 1. Project Description and Summary of Project Activities Towards the end of the 1990’s, when the people had to flee their villages for Matala, through the emergency phase in the reception centres, NRC in collaboration with WFP and FAO provided necessary food-aid and essential distribution of non-food items. The IDPs also received support for subsistence farming and reconstruction of schools and health-post, providing education and basic health care in the centres.
  • Foodplain Vegetation in the Nxaraga Lagoon Area, Okavango Delta, Botswana

    Foodplain Vegetation in the Nxaraga Lagoon Area, Okavango Delta, Botswana

    S. Afr. J. Bol. 2000, 66( I): 15- 21 15 Foodplain vegetation in the Nxaraga Lagoon area, Okavango Delta, Botswana M.C. Bonyongo" *, G.J. Bredenkamp' and E. Veenendaal' , Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre, University of Bo tswana, Private Bag 285, Maun. Botswana 20 epartment of Botany. University of Pretoria , Pretoria, 0002 Republic of South Africa Ueceived 2 June 1999, reVIsed 2() Ocwher /999 The phytosociology and patterns of vegetation distribution of the seasonal fi oodplains were studied. Cover-abundance data were collected from a total of 200 sample plots and captured in TU RBO(VEG), a software package for input and processing and presentation of phytosociological data. Application of the Braun-B lanquet methods of vegetation survey followed by a polythetic divisive classification technique (TWINSPAN) resulted in the delineation of eight vegetation communities of which five were further divided into sub-communities, The eight commun ities are Cyperus articulafus-Schoenopleclus corymbosus community, Alternanthera sessilis-Ludwigia sio/anitera community, Vetiveria nigritana-Setaria sphacelata community, Miscanthus junceus-Digitaria sea/arum community, Imperata cylindrica-Setana sphacelata community, Paspalidium oblusifolorum-Panicum repens community, Setaria sphaeefata- Eragrostis inamoena community and Sporobolus spicatus community. All plant commun ities are related to specific flooding regime namely time and duration of inundation . Keywords: Braun-Branquet, classification , plant community types, releve, TWINSPAN. "To whom correspondence should be addressed. Introduction re lative humidity at 0800 hours between 60% and 78% ( Ellery f!f Vegetation description is the starting point of both small and al. 1991 ) The cooler, drier winter months (June- August) have ,\ large scale vegetation research. Vegetation description aims to mean monthly maximum of25.3°(.