داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺳﻤﻨﺪر ﻏﺎري Paradactylodon ر
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LARVAL FORMS in ECHINODERMATA in Echinoderms
LARVAL FORMS IN ECHINODERMATA In echinoderms eggs and sperms are released in water and fertilization takes place in water forming zygote. Echinoderms are deuterostomes and hence cleavage is radial, holoblastic and indeterminate. The larvae hatch in water and feed and grow through successive larval stages to become adults. The larvae of echinoderms are bilaterally symmetrical but lose symmetry during metamorphosis. Different classes of echinoderms show structurally different larval stages and their comparisons can reveal their evolutionary ancestry. LARVAE OF ASTEROIDEA There are three larval stages in Asteroidea in the course of their development to adult stage. Early bipinnaria appears like hypothetical dipleurula. It has oval body without arms and ciliary bands for locomotion. It has well developed alimentary canal for feeding and grows to become bipinnaria. Bipinnaria larva possesses 5 pairs of ciliated arms which do not have any skeletal support inside. These arms are used for swimming in water while feeding on planktons. Preoral and postoral ciliary bands are also present. This larva resembles auricularia larva of Holothuroidea in general appearance. Brachiolaria larva is formed after 6-7 weeks of life and growth of bipinnaria. This larva is sedentary and remains attached to a hard substratum for which it possesses three brachiolarian arms having adhesive discs at the tip. Ciliated arms get reduced and become thin and functionless, while mouth, anus and gut are well developed. It has axocoel, hydocoel and somatocoel that later on give rise to water vascular system Development of starfish takes place inside the sedentary brachiolaria which ruptures and releases tiny starfish into water. LARVAE OF HOLOTHUROIDEA Class Holothuroidea demonstrate two larval stages, namely, auricularia and doliolaria larvae. -
A New Record of the Persian Brook Salamander, Paradactylodon Persicus (Eiselt & Steiner, 1970) (Amphibia: Caudata: Hynobiidae) in Northern Iran
Bonn zoological Bulletin Volume 60 Issue 1 pp. 63–65 Bonn, May 2011 A new record of the Persian Brook Salamander, Paradactylodon persicus (Eiselt & Steiner, 1970) (Amphibia: Caudata: Hynobiidae) in northern Iran Faraham Ahmadzadeh1, 2*, Fatemeh Khanjani3, Aref Shadkam4 & Wolfgang Böhme2 1Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, G. C., Iran 2Herpetology Section, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany 3Department of Habitat and Biodiversity, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ponak, Tehran, Iran 4Department of Environment, Rezvan Shahr, Province Gilan, Iran *Corresponding Email address: [email protected]. INTRODUCTION The Persian Brook Salamander, Paradactylodon persicus 90 mm; tail length 120 mm; head large, 20 mm in length; (Eiselt & Steiner, 1970) is an endemic and poorly known vomerine teeth in two arch-shaped rows; snout rounded; species of northern Iran (Baloutch & Kami 1995; Kami fore and hind limbs with four digits; tail flattened later- 1999). It was originally described as Batrachuperus per- ally, with round-tapered end; dorsal head and body, as well sicus by Eiselt & Steiner (1970), but has been transferred as upper surface of tail brownish with yellow spots and to the genus Paradactylodon based on genetic studies by marblings; belly cream without pattern (Fig. 2a–b). Zhang et al. (2006). This species has been reported from two localities only: Weyser, southeast of Chalus, in Paradactylodon persicus inhabits the mountainous Mazandaran Province (36º 30´ 35” N and 51º 26´ 38” E) streams and brooks, with cool, fast-flowing water and Delmadeh village, southeast of Khalkhal, in Ardabil (Baloutch & Kami 1995; Kami 1999; Ahmadzadeh & Ka- Province (37º 22´ 34” N and 48º 47´ 35” E) (Kami 2004; mi 2009). -
Amphibiaweb's Illustrated Amphibians of the Earth
AmphibiaWeb's Illustrated Amphibians of the Earth Created and Illustrated by the 2020-2021 AmphibiaWeb URAP Team: Alice Drozd, Arjun Mehta, Ash Reining, Kira Wiesinger, and Ann T. Chang This introduction to amphibians was written by University of California, Berkeley AmphibiaWeb Undergraduate Research Apprentices for people who love amphibians. Thank you to the many AmphibiaWeb apprentices over the last 21 years for their efforts. Edited by members of the AmphibiaWeb Steering Committee CC BY-NC-SA 2 Dedicated in loving memory of David B. Wake Founding Director of AmphibiaWeb (8 June 1936 - 29 April 2021) Dave Wake was a dedicated amphibian biologist who mentored and educated countless people. With the launch of AmphibiaWeb in 2000, Dave sought to bring the conservation science and basic fact-based biology of all amphibians to a single place where everyone could access the information freely. Until his last day, David remained a tirelessly dedicated scientist and ally of the amphibians of the world. 3 Table of Contents What are Amphibians? Their Characteristics ...................................................................................... 7 Orders of Amphibians.................................................................................... 7 Where are Amphibians? Where are Amphibians? ............................................................................... 9 What are Bioregions? ..................................................................................10 Conservation of Amphibians Why Save Amphibians? ............................................................................. -
Pseudoeurycea Naucampatepetl. the Cofre De Perote Salamander Is Endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of Eastern Mexico. This
Pseudoeurycea naucampatepetl. The Cofre de Perote salamander is endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental of eastern Mexico. This relatively large salamander (reported to attain a total length of 150 mm) is recorded only from, “a narrow ridge extending east from Cofre de Perote and terminating [on] a small peak (Cerro Volcancillo) at the type locality,” in central Veracruz, at elevations from 2,500 to 3,000 m (Amphibian Species of the World website). Pseudoeurycea naucampatepetl has been assigned to the P. bellii complex of the P. bellii group (Raffaëlli 2007) and is considered most closely related to P. gigantea, a species endemic to the La specimens and has not been seen for 20 years, despite thorough surveys in 2003 and 2004 (EDGE; www.edgeofexistence.org), and thus it might be extinct. The habitat at the type locality (pine-oak forest with abundant bunch grass) lies within Lower Montane Wet Forest (Wilson and Johnson 2010; IUCN Red List website [accessed 21 April 2013]). The known specimens were “found beneath the surface of roadside banks” (www.edgeofexistence.org) along the road to Las Lajas Microwave Station, 15 kilometers (by road) south of Highway 140 from Las Vigas, Veracruz (Amphibian Species of the World website). This species is terrestrial and presumed to reproduce by direct development. Pseudoeurycea naucampatepetl is placed as number 89 in the top 100 Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered amphib- ians (EDGE; www.edgeofexistence.org). We calculated this animal’s EVS as 17, which is in the middle of the high vulnerability category (see text for explanation), and its IUCN status has been assessed as Critically Endangered. -
50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–20 Edition) § 16.14
§ 15.41 50 CFR Ch. I (10–1–20 Edition) Species Common name Serinus canaria ............................................................. Common Canary. 1 Note: Permits are still required for this species under part 17 of this chapter. (b) Non-captive-bred species. The list 16.14 Importation of live or dead amphib- in this paragraph includes species of ians or their eggs. non-captive-bred exotic birds and coun- 16.15 Importation of live reptiles or their tries for which importation into the eggs. United States is not prohibited by sec- Subpart C—Permits tion 15.11. The species are grouped tax- onomically by order, and may only be 16.22 Injurious wildlife permits. imported from the approved country, except as provided under a permit Subpart D—Additional Exemptions issued pursuant to subpart C of this 16.32 Importation by Federal agencies. part. 16.33 Importation of natural-history speci- [59 FR 62262, Dec. 2, 1994, as amended at 61 mens. FR 2093, Jan. 24, 1996; 82 FR 16540, Apr. 5, AUTHORITY: 18 U.S.C. 42. 2017] SOURCE: 39 FR 1169, Jan. 4, 1974, unless oth- erwise noted. Subpart E—Qualifying Facilities Breeding Exotic Birds in Captivity Subpart A—Introduction § 15.41 Criteria for including facilities as qualifying for imports. [Re- § 16.1 Purpose of regulations. served] The regulations contained in this part implement the Lacey Act (18 § 15.42 List of foreign qualifying breed- U.S.C. 42). ing facilities. [Reserved] § 16.2 Scope of regulations. Subpart F—List of Prohibited Spe- The provisions of this part are in ad- cies Not Listed in the Appen- dition to, and are not in lieu of, other dices to the Convention regulations of this subchapter B which may require a permit or prescribe addi- § 15.51 Criteria for including species tional restrictions or conditions for the and countries in the prohibited list. -
I Online Supplementary Data – Sexual Size Dimorphism in Salamanders
Online Supplementary data – Sexual size dimorphism in salamanders Supplementary data S1. Species data used in this study and references list. Males Females SSD Significant test Ref Species n SVL±SD n SVL±SD Andrias davidianus 2 532.5 8 383.0 -0.280 12 Cryptobranchus alleganiensis 53 277.4±5.2 52 300.9±3.4 0.084 Yes 61 Batrachuperus karlschmidti 10 80.0 10 84.8 0.060 26 Batrachuperus londongensis 20 98.6 10 96.7 -0.019 12 Batrachuperus pinchonii 5 69.6 5 74.6 0.070 26 Batrachuperus taibaiensis 11 92.9±12.1 9 102.1±7.1 0.099 Yes 27 Batrachuperus tibetanus 10 94.5 10 92.8 -0.017 12 Batrachuperus yenyuadensis 10 82.8 10 74.8 -0.096 26 Hynobius abei 24 57.8±2.1 34 55.0±1.2 -0.048 Yes 92 Hynobius amakusaensis 22 75.4±4.8 12 76.5±3.6 0.014 No 93 Hynobius arisanensis 72 54.3±4.8 40 55.2±4.8 0.016 No 94 Hynobius boulengeri 37 83.0±5.4 15 91.5±3.8 0.102 Yes 95 Hynobius formosanus 15 53.0±4.4 8 52.4±3.9 -0.011 No 94 Hynobius fuca 4 50.9±2.8 3 52.8±2.0 0.037 No 94 Hynobius glacialis 12 63.1±4.7 11 58.9±5.2 -0.066 No 94 Hynobius hidamontanus 39 47.7±1.0 15 51.3±1.2 0.075 Yes 96 Hynobius katoi 12 58.4±3.3 10 62.7±1.6 0.073 Yes 97 Hynobius kimurae 20 63.0±1.5 15 72.7±2.0 0.153 Yes 98 Hynobius leechii 70 61.6±4.5 18 66.5±5.9 0.079 Yes 99 Hynobius lichenatus 37 58.5±1.9 2 53.8 -0.080 100 Hynobius maoershanensis 4 86.1 2 80.1 -0.069 101 Hynobius naevius 72.1 76.7 0.063 102 Hynobius nebulosus 14 48.3±2.9 12 50.4±2.1 0.043 Yes 96 Hynobius osumiensis 9 68.4±3.1 15 70.2±3.0 0.026 No 103 Hynobius quelpaertensis 41 52.5±3.8 4 61.3±4.1 0.167 Yes 104 Hynobius -
Bonn Zoological Bulletin Volume 60 Issue 1 Pp
1 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at Bonn zoological Bulletin Volume 60 Issue 1 pp. 63-65 Bonn, May 201 A new record of the Persian Brook Salamander, Paradactylodon persicus (Eiselt & Steiner, 1970) (Amphibia: Caudata: Hynobiidae) in northern Iran 1 2 3 4 2 - Faraham Ahmadzadeh \ Fatemeh Khanjani , Aref Shadkam & Wolfgang Bohme 'Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, G. C, Iran 2 Herpetology Section, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK), Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, Germany 3 Department of Habitat and Biodiversity, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ponak, Tehran, Iran 4 Department of Environment, Rezvan Shahr, Province Gilan, Iran "Corresponding Email address: [email protected]. INTRODUCTION The Persian Brook Salamander, Paradactylodon persicus 90 mm; tail length 120 mm; head large, 20 mm in length; (Eiselt & Steiner, 1970) is an endemic and poorly known vomerine teeth in two arch-shaped rows; snout rounded; species of northern Iran (Baloutch & Kami 1995; Kami fore and hind limbs with four digits; tail flattened later- 1999). It was originally described as Batrachuperus per- ally, with round-tapered end; dorsal head and body, as well sicus by Eiselt & Steiner ( 1 970), but has been transferred as upper surface of tail brownish with yellow spots and to the genus Paradactylodon based on genetic studies by marblings; belly cream without pattern (Fig. 2a-b). Zhang et al. (2006). This species has been reported from two localities only: Weyser, southeast of Chalus, in Paradactylodon persicus inhabits the mountainous Mazandaran Province (36° 30' 35" N and 51° 26' 38" E) streams and brooks, with cool, fast-flowing water and Delmadeh village, southeast of Khalkhal, in Ardabil (Baloutch & Kami 1995; Kami 1999; Ahmadzadeh & Ka- Province (37° 22' 34" N and 48° 47' 35" E) (Kami 2004; mi 2009). -
3Systematics and Diversity of Extant Amphibians
Systematics and Diversity of 3 Extant Amphibians he three extant lissamphibian lineages (hereafter amples of classic systematics papers. We present widely referred to by the more common term amphibians) used common names of groups in addition to scientifi c Tare descendants of a common ancestor that lived names, noting also that herpetologists colloquially refer during (or soon after) the Late Carboniferous. Since the to most clades by their scientifi c name (e.g., ranids, am- three lineages diverged, each has evolved unique fea- bystomatids, typhlonectids). tures that defi ne the group; however, salamanders, frogs, A total of 7,303 species of amphibians are recognized and caecelians also share many traits that are evidence and new species—primarily tropical frogs and salaman- of their common ancestry. Two of the most defi nitive of ders—continue to be described. Frogs are far more di- these traits are: verse than salamanders and caecelians combined; more than 6,400 (~88%) of extant amphibian species are frogs, 1. Nearly all amphibians have complex life histories. almost 25% of which have been described in the past Most species undergo metamorphosis from an 15 years. Salamanders comprise more than 660 species, aquatic larva to a terrestrial adult, and even spe- and there are 200 species of caecilians. Amphibian diver- cies that lay terrestrial eggs require moist nest sity is not evenly distributed within families. For example, sites to prevent desiccation. Thus, regardless of more than 65% of extant salamanders are in the family the habitat of the adult, all species of amphibians Plethodontidae, and more than 50% of all frogs are in just are fundamentally tied to water. -
Download the PDF Article
DIRECTEUR DE LA PUBLICATION : Bruno David Président du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle RÉDACTRICE EN CHEF / EDITOR-IN-CHIEF : Laure Desutter-Grandcolas ASSISTANTS DE RÉDACTION / ASSISTANT EDITORS : Anne Mabille ([email protected]), Emmanuel Côtez MISE EN PAGE / PAGE LAYOUT : Anne Mabille COMITÉ SCIENTIFIQUE / SCIENTIFIC BOARD : James Carpenter (AMNH, New York, États-Unis) Maria Marta Cigliano (Museo de La Plata, La Plata, Argentine) Henrik Enghoff (NHMD, Copenhague, Danemark) Rafael Marquez (CSIC, Madrid, Espagne) Peter Ng (University of Singapore) Norman I. Platnick (AMNH, New York, États-Unis) Jean-Yves Rasplus (INRA, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France) Jean-François Silvain (IRD, Gif-sur-Yvette, France) Wanda M. Weiner (Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracovie, Pologne) John Wenzel (The Ohio State University, Columbus, États-Unis) COUVERTURE / COVER : Podoces pleskei Zarudny, 1896. Photo by M. Ghorbani. Zoosystema est indexé dans / Zoosystema is indexed in: – Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch®) – ISI Alerting Services® – Current Contents® / Agriculture, Biology, and Environmental Sciences® – Scopus® Zoosystema est distribué en version électronique par / Zoosystema is distributed electronically by: – BioOne® (http://www.bioone.org) Les articles ainsi que les nouveautés nomenclaturales publiés dans Zoosystema sont référencés par / Articles and nomenclatural novelties published in Zoosystema are referenced by: – ZooBank® (http://zoobank.org) Zoosystema est une revue en fl ux continu publiée par les Publications scientifi ques du Muséum, Paris / Zoosystema is a fast track journal published by the Museum Science Press, Paris Les Publications scientifi ques du Muséum publient aussi / The Museum Science Press also publish: Adansonia, Anthropozoologica, European Journal of Taxonomy, Geodiversitas, Naturae. Diff usion – Publications scientifi ques Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle CP 41 – 57 rue Cuvier F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) Tél. -
Volume 2, Chapter 14-8: Salamander Mossy Habitats
Glime, J. M. and Boelema, W. J. 2017. Salamander Mossy Habitats. Chapt. 14-8. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 2. 14-8-1 Bryological Interaction.Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 19 July 2020 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology2/>. CHAPTER 14-8 SALAMANDER MOSSY HABITATS Janice M. Glime and William J. Boelema TABLE OF CONTENTS Tropical Mossy Habitats – Plethodontidae........................................................................................................ 14-8-3 Terrestrial and Arboreal Adaptations ......................................................................................................... 14-8-3 Bolitoglossa (Tropical Climbing Salamanders) ......................................................................................... 14-8-4 Bolitoglossa diaphora ................................................................................................................................ 14-8-5 Bolitoglossa diminuta (Quebrada Valverde Salamander) .......................................................................... 14-8-5 Bolitoglossa hartwegi (Hartweg's Mushroomtongue Salamander) ............................................................ 14-8-5 Bolitoglossa helmrichi ............................................................................................................................... 14-8-5 Bolitoglossa jugivagans ............................................................................................................................ -
Crotalus Tancitarensis. the Tancítaro Cross-Banded Mountain Rattlesnake
Crotalus tancitarensis. The Tancítaro cross-banded mountain rattlesnake is a small species (maximum recorded total length = 434 mm) known only from the upper elevations (3,220–3,225 m) of Cerro Tancítaro, the highest mountain in Michoacán, Mexico, where it inhabits pine-fir forest (Alvarado and Campbell 2004; Alvarado et al. 2007). Cerro Tancítaro lies in the western portion of the Transverse Volcanic Axis, which extends across Mexico from Jalisco to central Veracruz near the 20°N latitude. Its entire range is located within Parque Nacional Pico de Tancítaro (Campbell 2007), an area under threat from manmade fires, logging, avocado culture, and cattle raising. This attractive rattlesnake was described in 2004 by the senior author and Jonathan A. Campbell, and placed in the Crotalus intermedius group of Mexican montane rattlesnakes by Bryson et al. (2011). We calculated its EVS as 19, which is near the upper end of the high vulnerability category (see text for explanation), its IUCN status has been reported as Data Deficient (Campbell 2007), and this species is not listed by SEMARNAT. More information on the natural history and distribution of this species is available, however, which affects its conservation status (especially its IUCN status; Alvarado-Díaz et al. 2007). We consider C. tancitarensis one of the pre-eminent flagship reptile species for the state of Michoacán, and for Mexico in general. Photo by Javier Alvarado-Díaz. Amphib. Reptile Conserv. | http://amphibian-reptile-conservation.org 128 September 2013 | Volume 7 | Number 1 | e71 Copyright: © 2013 Alvarado-Díaz et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License, which permits unrestricted use for Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 7(1): 128–170. -
July to December 2019 (Pdf)
2019 Journal Publications July Adelizzi, R. Portmann, J. van Meter, R. (2019). Effect of Individual and Combined Treatments of Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Salt on Growth and Corticosterone Levels of Larval Southern Leopard Frogs (Lithobates sphenocephala). Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 77(1), pp.29-39. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31020372 Albecker, M. A. McCoy, M. W. (2019). Local adaptation for enhanced salt tolerance reduces non‐ adaptive plasticity caused by osmotic stress. Evolution, Early View. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/evo.13798 Alvarez, M. D. V. Fernandez, C. Cove, M. V. (2019). Assessing the role of habitat and species interactions in the population decline and detection bias of Neotropical leaf litter frogs in and around La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14(2), pp.143– 156, e37526. https://neotropical.pensoft.net/article/37526/list/11/ Amat, F. Rivera, X. Romano, A. Sotgiu, G. (2019). Sexual dimorphism in the endemic Sardinian cave salamander (Atylodes genei). Folia Zoologica, 68(2), p.61-65. https://bioone.org/journals/Folia-Zoologica/volume-68/issue-2/fozo.047.2019/Sexual-dimorphism- in-the-endemic-Sardinian-cave-salamander-Atylodes-genei/10.25225/fozo.047.2019.short Amézquita, A, Suárez, G. Palacios-Rodríguez, P. Beltrán, I. Rodríguez, C. Barrientos, L. S. Daza, J. M. Mazariegos, L. (2019). A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the cloud forests of Colombian western Andes. Zootaxa, 4648(3). https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4648.3.8 Arrivillaga, C. Oakley, J. Ebiner, S. (2019). Predation of Scinax ruber (Anura: Hylidae) tadpoles by a fishing spider of the genus Thaumisia (Araneae: Pisauridae) in south-east Peru.