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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Anfibios 2020 4ª Ed

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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Anfibios 2020 4ª Ed Os nomes galegos dos anfibios 2020 4ª ed. Citación recomendada / Recommended citation: A Chave (20204): Os nomes galegos dos anfibios. Xinzo de Limia (Ourense): A Chave. http://www.achave.ga!/wp"content/up!oads/achave_osnomes a!egosdos#an$i%ios#2020.pd$ Fotografía: sapo asiático común (Duttaphrynus melanostictus). Autor: Silverio Cerradelo. &sta o%ra est' su(eita a unha licenza Creative Commons de uso a%erto) con reco*ecemento da autor+a e sen o%ra derivada nin usos comerciais. ,esumo da licenza: https://creativecommons.or /!icences/%-"nc-nd/4.0/deed. !. Licenza comp!eta: https://creativecommons.or /!icences/%-"nc-nd/4.0/!e a!code.!an ua es. 1 Notas introdutorias que cont"n este documento Na primeira edición deste documento (2015) fornecéronse denominacións para as especies galegas (e) ou europeas de anfibios, e tamén para algunhas das especies exóticas máis coñecidas (estas, xeralmente, no ámbito divulgativo, por teren algunha caracter"stica #ue as fai destacar, ou por seren moi comúns noutras áreas xeográficas, ou, nalgún caso, por seren tidas como mascotas)% Na segunda e terceira edicións (201& e 2018) fóronse agregando no!os nomes galegos para anfibios ibéricos (e) ou europeos (nalgún caso, por se considerar especies diferentes na actualidade o #ue poucos anos atrás eran consideradas subespecies) e tamén para anfibios exóticos% (s" mesmo, nestas edicións engadiuse algunha referencia bibliográfica máis e corrixiuse algunha gralla% Na cuarta edición (2020), adicionáronse algunhas especies máis, asignáronse con maior precisión algunhas das denominacións !ernáculas galegas, reescrib"ronse as notas introdutorias, rema#uetouse o documento e incorporouse o logo da )ha!e. *áis completa #ue as anteriores, nesta edición fornécense denominacións galegas para ++' especies e , subespecies de anfibios de todo o planeta A estrutura -n primeiro lugar preséntase unha clasificación taxonómica #ue considera as ordes, subordes, superfamilias e familias de anfibios% (#uí ap$ntanse, de maneira xeral, os nomes dos anfibios #ue hai en cada familia% ( seguir !én o corpo do documento, unha listaxe onde se indica, especie por especie, alén do nome cient"fico, os nomes galegos e ingleses dos anfibios% Nesta listaxe espec"fica, destácanse con fondo azul claro as especies galegas% (o final inclúese unha lista de referencias bibliográficas #ue foron utilizadas para a elaboración do presente documento% Nalgunhas desas referencias recóllense ou propóñense nomes galegos para os anfibios, #uer xenéricos #uer espec"ficos, tanto na tradición lexicográfica galega como en traballos herpetolóxicos especializados% Outras referencias achegan nomes para os anfibios noutras linguas, #ue tamén foron tidos en conta% (demais, inclúense algunhas referencias básicas a respecto da metodoloxía e dos criterios terminolóxicos empregados% 2 #ratamento terminolóxico 0raballouse nas seguintes liñas e cos seguintes criterios1 -n primeiro lugar, aprofundouse no acer!o ling2"stico galego% ( respecto dos nomes dos anfibios, a lingua galega dispón dalgúns nomes !ernáculos, tanto espec"ficos (que designan un único animal) como xenéricos (que designan !arios animais parecidos)% 3on nomes !ernáculos xenéricos, por exemplo, sapo, sapiño, salamántiga, pinta da auga ou ra, e son nomes !ernáculos espec"ficos p"ntega, entre outros, para Salamandra salamandra 4 rela e ra de santo (ntón, entre outros, para Hyla molleri ; sapeta e sapo troiteiro, entre outros, para Alytes obstetricans, sapo toupeiro para Pelobates cultripes etc% )oas denominacións !ernáculas galegas formáronse despois denominacións para anfibios doutras áreas xeográficas1 sapo de *ozambique para a especie Breviceps macrops, por exemplo, ou rela de 5al6er para Hyla walkeri (estes, en correspondencia coas denominacións #ue reciben igualmente noutras linguas)% 7rocurouse tamén na bibliograf"a especializada en herpetoloxía en lingua galega, onde xa se ten proposto e usado, por exemplo, sapo cunqueiro para Bufo bufo, sapo corriqueiro para Epidalea calamita, sapo de esporóns para Pelobates cultripes, ou sapiño comadrón para Alytes obstetricans, e na bibliograf"a terminolóxica galega, onde xa se teñen apuntado e usado denominacións como sapo parteiro para Alytes obstetricans e tritón para o xénero Triturus% 0odos estes nomes, ben claros e identificadores para as respectivas especies, recóllense no presente documento, como nome principal ou como sinónimo doutro, segundo o caso% 7ara as especies Pelodytes punctatus e Disclo ossus al anoi (esta, antes, Disco lossus pictus, #ue hoxe son !arias especies do xénero Disco lossus) as propostas na terminoloxía herpetolóxica galega non teñen sido tan xeitosas% 7or un lado, Disco lossus al anoi (cando a"nda era unicamente Disco lossus pictus), #ue ten un debuxo na pel con manchas, foi nomeado como 8sapiño pintoxo (calco do castelán sapillo pinto#o, gramaticalmente incorrecto en galego), para o #ue posteriormente se propuxeron, en substitución, sapiño raxado e sapiño pinto% 7or outro lado, para Pelodytes punctatus propúxose sapiño patilongo, #ue é un nome #ue non identifica de maneira transparente a especie, pois non é un trazo particularmente caracter"stico% (demais, Pelodytes punctatus ten un deseño na pel con caracter"sticos puntos (como indica o nome cient"fico1 punctatus), de modo #ue a denominación sapiño pinto proposta para Disco lossus pictus tamén poder"a ser ben caracter"stica de Pelodytes punctatus% 7or todos estes motivos, e tendo tamén presente unha perspectiva máis global 9os nomes de Disclo ossus al anoi e Pelodytes punctatus serán tamén formantes doutras especies dos xéneros Disclo ossus e Pelodytes do planeta, e deben ser xeitosos tamén para esas combinacións9 achegamos desde ( )ha!e as denominacións sapiño pintado para Disclo ossus al anoi e sapiño de puntos para Pelodytes punctatus, #ue non dan lugar a confusión e mais caracterizan ben estas especies e as outras do planeta pertencentes aos xéneros Disclo ossus e Pelodytes% En inglés, úsase as" mesmo a denominación painted fro para as seis especies do xénero Disco lossus, #ue teñen todas este deseño na pel #ue dá o aspecto de estaren pintadas% 3 7ara outros nomes recorreuse á lusofonía, seguíndomos o criterio recollido nas $ormas orto r%ficas e morfol&xicas do idioma alego (R(; e <=;) do ano 200,1 >7ara o arrequecemento do léxico culto, nomeadamente no referido aos ámbitos cient"fico e técnico, o portugués será considerado recurso fundamental, sempre #ue esta adopción non for contraria ás caracter"sticas estruturais do galego?% (s", para moitas especies exóticas, adoptáronse e adaptáronse denominacións da lusofonía como ra !oadora para as especies do xénero '(acop(orus (por outra parte, denominación común a moitas outras linguas), ra de !idro para as especies da familia )entrolenidae, raciña !errugosa para as especies do xénero Holoaden, raciña da follasca para as especies do xénero )sc(nocnema (nome referenciado como razinha do folhiço no Arasil), sapiño pingo de ouro para Brac(ycep(alus ep(ippium, rela de pixama para Hypsiboas polytaenius, ra dourada para P(yllobates terribilis, ra das pedras para T(oropa miliaris, ra de cachoeira para *ycloramp(us dirings(ofeni, ra barullenta para *acosternum boett eri (nome as" referenciado para esta especie en *ozambique), sapo marmóreo para Hemisus marmoratus (nome as" referenciado, con este mesmo adxectivo, en *ozambi#ue) etc% Outros tres nomes #ue se adoptaron do portugués para tres grupos moi particulares de anfibios son serea (caudados pertencentes á familia 3irenidae), necturo (grupo de caudados o xénero $ecturus, dentro da familia 7roteidae) e anfiúma, este con xénero gramatical masculino (caudados pentencentes á familia (mphiumidae)% Un outro recurso foi considerar os nomes cient"ficos, en lat"n, de modo paralelo ás denominacións deses anfibios noutras linguas% É o caso da especie ibérica Pleurodeles waltl, para a #ue se recomenda o nome pleurodelo, tirado do nome cient"fico e tamén un dos nomes portugueses deste anfibio% Do mesmo xeito, o nome para a especie europea Proteus anguinus, para a #ue se usa o nome proteus (ou proteo), tirado do nome cient"fico, por súa !ez procedente da mitoloxía grega1 7roteus (ou 7roteo), nome do deus mariño #ue se metamorfoseaba% Ou as" mesmo con orixe na taxanom"a cient"fica, o nome cecilia para os ximnofionos da familia )aeciliidae% 7ara anfibios relativamente co ecidos, cando menos nos ámbitos divulgativos, aplicáronse as mesmas denominacións #ue, coincidentes, teñen en diversos idiomas% (s", por exemplo, ras de Darwin para as especies da familia :hinodermatidae, ras seta ou ras pezoñentas para as especies da familia Dendrobatidae, ra do 0iticaca para Telmatobius culeus, sapo dourado ou sapo de *onteverde para )ncilius periglenes, tritón dos 7ireneos para *alotriton asper, tritón pigmeo para Triturus py maeus etc% (demais, para algúns anfibios exóticos adaptáronse nomes !ernáculos ind"xenas, como é o caso de axolote, tomado do náuatle para Ambystoma mexicanum, do mesmo modo #ue teñen feito a maior"a das linguas #ue posúen nome para esta especie. 4 Salamántiga e salamandra 7ara a orde )audados util"zase o cultismo salamandra e nome !ernáculo salamántiga, mais cada nome fai referencia a grupos de especies ben diferentes. %F 3alamántiga é nome patrimonial usado para designar as d$as especies autóctonas (Salamandra salamandra e *(io lossa lusitanica), ambas a dúas da suborde 3alamandroidea, e outras especies de familias igualmente pertencentes á suborde 3alamandroidea, #ue teñen todas un aspecto bastante semellante ás dúas salamántigas do pa"s%
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