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Identification of Specific Measures for Community Participation in Strengthening Internal Security

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Identification of Specific Measures for Community Participation in Strengthening Internal Security IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIFIC MEASURES FOR COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN STRENGTHENING INTERNAL SECURITY BY ROHIT CHOUDHARY, IPS Additional Director General of Police, Punjab. Email: [email protected] Project sponsored by:- BUREAU OF POLICE RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (MHA/GOI), NEW DELHI (Vide No. 32/53/2012/RD, DATED 28.08.2012) Identification of Specific Measures for Community Participation in Strengthening Internal Security | 2 About the Author Rohit Choudhary is a 1988 batch Indian Police Service officer presently working as Additional Director General of Police, Punjab. He is a graduate in Electrical Engineering from university of Roorkee (IIT Roorkee) and a post graduate in Management and Public Policy from IIM Bangalore & Syracuse University, New York, U.S.A. During his service career he has held many important assignments from time to time and has participated in prestigious international and national conferences and seminars. He has been the Executive Member of National Police Mission Govt. of India and has also handled many other renowned projects in the country. He is the author of famous book ‘Policing-Reinvention Strategies in a Marketing Framework' and has written numerous research papers and articles. He has been decorated with U.N. Peace Medal, Presidents Police Medal For Gallantry, Police Medal For Gallantry, Special Duty Medal and Police Medal For Meritorious Service. Identification of Specific Measures for Community Participation in Strengthening Internal Security | 3 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 6-16 1.1 Background 6 1.2 Role of Community Policing in Strengthening Internal Security 8 1.3 Significance of the Study 13 2. Review of Literature 17-60 2.1 Andhra Pradesh 18 2.2 Assam 19 2.3 Chhattisgarh 22 2.4 Delhi 24 2.5 Himachal Pradesh 25 2.6 Madhya Pradesh 28 2.7 Maharashtra 29 2.8 Odisha 33 2.9 Tamil Nadu 36 2.10 Kerala 39 2.11 Uttar Pradesh 43 2.12 West Bengal 44 2.13 Community Policing Framework under the National Police Mission 45 2.14 Being Forewarned is Forearmed 46 2.15 Using Social Media For Effective 47 2.16 How Policing Can Optimize Youth Power 47 2.17 Community Policing in UK 49 2.18 Community Policing in USA 51 2.19 Community Policing in Singapore 53 2.20 Community Policing in China 54 2.21 Grid System of Social Management in Lhasa (Tibet) 55 Identification of Specific Measures for Community Participation in Strengthening Internal Security | 4 2.22 Community Policing in Holland 55 2.23 Community Policing in France 56 2.24 Community Policing in Germany 57 2.25 Community Policing in Australia 57 2.26 Community Policing in Ireland 58 3. Research Methodology & Data Collection 61-86 3.1 Objectives 61 3.2 Questionnaire Design 62 3.3 Justification for Inclusion of Research Variables 68 3.4 Scoring Guide 74 3.5 Scoring the Questionnaire 74 3.6 Scale Purification 74 3.7 Data Analysis Techniques 74 3.8 Data Collection Through the National Level Conference 75 4. Data Analysis & Interpretation 87-96 4.1 Confirmatory Factor Analysis 87 4.2 Anova 90 5. Community Policing Model under NPM viz-a-viz other Successful Community Policing Models in the Country. 97-125 5.1 Police Community Partnership-An Overarching Community Policing Model 97 5.2 Friends of Police Movement-A Community Based Policing Initiative of Tamilnadu Police & A Synergistic Model 107 5.3 Janamaithri Suraksha Project-Community Policing Project Kerala Police 111 5.4 Potential Scope Areas in Community Policing 117 5.5 Using Social Media for Effective Policing 117 5.6 Youth Participating in Community Policing 121 6. Recommendations & Conclusion 126-140 7. References 141-142 8. Annexures 143-218 Identification of Specific Measures for Community Participation in Strengthening Internal Security | 5 List of Appendices Appendix Page Annexure- A Questionnaire for Information Collection Regarding Various 143-144 Community Policing Schemes Run in the States Annexure- B Questionnaire for Assessment of Efficiency of Community 145-148 Participation (CP) Program for Internal Security. Annexure- C Government orders regarding Community Policing Scheme 149-155 Annexure- D Director General of Police office standing order 2011 156-171 Annexure- E Community Policing Training and Documentation Centers 172-177 Annexure- F Mahhya Pradesh Gram Tatha Nagar Raksha Dal Adhiniyam – 178 -218 2002 Identification of Specific Measures for Community Participation in Strengthening Internal Security | 6 1. Introduction 1.1 BACKGROUND Community policing is collaboration between the police and the community that identifies and solves community problems and police is not the sole agency which caters to the maintenance of law and order but all the members of the community become active partners in the effort to enhance safety of the people and management of allied issues pertaining to dealing with crime. There is a greater emphasis on making community members more active and organized to participate in the process of keeping peace & order in the society. Community policing is a broad and varying concept that has been understood and implemented in numerous ways. Community policing is a philosophy which can better explain policing in a befitting and people friendly way (Weiss, 2006).Police and the community must work together as equal partners to identify, and solve contemporary problems such as crime, fear of crime and social disorder with the goal of improving the overall quality of life in an area (Trojanowicz & Bucqueroux, 1998) Community policing is based on the notion that public should be empowered to prevent crime or the problems and issues leading to crime. Establishing and maintaining mutual trust is the central goal of community policing, as it allows wide law enforcement access to valuable community information leading potentially to the prevention and resolution of crimes (Stevens, 2001). Community Policing dates back to the rural agrarian society of India, where a person from among the community performed the police functions in the village. The rural community being small had its own mechanisms of social control to prevent and took Identification of Specific Measures for Community Participation in Strengthening Internal Security | 7 appropriate action against deviance and crime which are generally petty in nature.1Community policing is a new approach which visualises police community relations in such a way that it innovates solutions for various problems of the community that can be explored and implemented through a closer interaction with the community (Chakraborty, 2003) The movement toward community policing has gained momentum in recent past as concerned quarters introduced more effective ways to promote public safety and to enhance the quality of life in the society. It focuses on various philosophical and practical approaches and is evolving worldwide in a big way. Community policing strategies vary depending on the needs and responses of a given community. There is no condensed overview of community policing that exists for police functionaries to use this wide-ranging approach to address the issues related crime and order in their communities. (Monograph on Understanding Community Policing, 1994.) The Comprehensive Community Policing Initiative being implemented by the Government integrates the aspirations of the local community as per the functioning of the local police. There are number of community based policing initiatives in the country which are running with great success rate. Community Policing is both a way of thinking and an organizational strategy that allows the Police and Community to work closely in a creative and well co-ordinated manner to solve problems of crime, illicit drugs, fear of Crime physical and social disorder neighbourhood degeneration and the overall quality of life in the community. The National Police Commission Report(1977) and Padmanabhaiyah Committee have made recommendation favouring Community Policing as an integral part of Policing activities. The recommendations of the XXXIV All India Police Science Congress conceded that „Community Policing‟ is a global standard for eliciting public cooperation and satisfaction and enhanced quality and efficiency. The Congress recommended that police organizations all over the country should strive to increase the involvement of the community of the country in local-area policing. In India, of late, efforts are underway to bring about attitudinal change in police and to institutionalize community policing. It is being appreciated, though incrementally, that in order to give better service police cannot work in isolation from the community. Community policing is being implemented in diverse manners in the country. Under National Police 1 http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/1993/10/10_chapter%202.pdf seen on 11-6-2014 Identification of Specific Measures for Community Participation in Strengthening Internal Security | 8 Mission, the scheme of Ministry of Home affairs, GOI, a project to build a pan-India Overarching Community Policing Model with a decentralized beat policing as the foundation was recommended in 2011. It is time for the police forces in all Indian cities to follow the lead of neighbourhood watch implemented in other countries and develop the community as an asset for gathering and sharing intelligence to prevent terror strikes2 1.2 ROLE OF COMMUNITY POLICING IN STRENGTHENING INTERNAL SECURITY Involvement of the community in crime prevention gives a more pin-pointed approach by empowering the public to identify and to respond to law & order related issues which are generally
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