SCOPUS IJPHRD CITATION SCORE Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development Scopus coverage years: from 2010 to 2016 Publisher: R.K. Sharma, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications ISSN:0976-0245E-ISSN: 0976-5506 Subject area: Medicine: Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health CiteScore 2015- 0.02 SJR 2015- 0.105 SNIP 2015- 0.034 DOI Number: 10.5958/0976-5506.2017.00099.7 143 Evaluation of Waste Water Treatment Toward Physical, Chemical, and Biology Parameters in WWTP Hasan Basry , 2016

Husaini1, Muhammad Khairiyandi Rosyadi1, Nita Pujianti1, Ratna Setyaningrum1, Fauzie Rahman1 1Public Health Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, Selatan, Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Wastewater is liquid or filth containing hazardous materials that can endanger human life and other living beings, and also destructive the environment. This research aim to analyze the differences in physical

parameters (Temperature and TSS), chemical (pH, BOD, NO3-N, TF-P, oil and fat), and biology (E.Coli) before and after treatment. The research design is observational analytic throught cross-sectional approach. The object used is domestic wastewater before and after treatment in WWTP Hasan Basry Banjarmasin of year 2016. This research use paired T-test and Wilcoxon test. The results in WWTP Hasan Basry showed that average value before and after treatment in TSS (p-value=0.000), pH (p-value=0.014), BOD (p-value=0.034),

TF-P (p-value=0.000), E.coli (p-value=0.023), temperature (p-value=0.038), NO3-N (p-value=1), oil and fat (p-value=0.858). There is a difference before and after treatment in temperature, TSS, pH, BOD, TF-P and

E.Coli. Whereas there was no difference in NO3-N, oil and fat. Keywords: WWTP Hasan Basry, wastewater, physic parameters, chemical parameters, biology parameters.

INTRODUCTION Suspense (TSS) in WWTP Hasan Basry is 28.58 mg/l, for that TSS has suitable with the water quality criteria Wastewater is liquid or filth from households, based on Government Regulation 82 of 2001 that is industry and other public places that contain hazardous below 50 mg/l. BOD 18.31 mg/l, based on Government materials that could endanger human life and other living Regulation 82 of 2001 BOD has not suitable with water beings as well as disturb the environment. According quality criteria namely 3 mg/l. While E.coli amounted to to the Minister of Environment Regulation No. 5 of 311,733 amt/100 ml, based on Government Regulation 2014 on Wastewater Quality Standard mentioned that 82 of 2001, E.coli has not suit with water quality of domestic waste water is waste water that comes from 1,000 amt/ml.3 effort and/or settlement activities, restaurants, offices, commercial, apartments and dormitories. For that in The high level of domestic WWTP Hasan Basry give 2005 established the feasibility study the Company a significant impact on the quality of health of people Wastewater Banjarmasin city which was then on the living along the riverbanks as diarrhea and skin diseases. 24th of August 2006 stood PD PAL Banjarmasin (Local Based on data from 10 diseases in the working area of Company of WTP Banjarmasin).1, 2 the WWTP Hasan Basry, there are 343 cases of diarrhea and gastroenteritis and 331 cases of dermatitis.4,5 Based on data of average incoming water quality examination in PD PAL Banjarmasin 2015, Total Solid Therefore, wastewater treatment needs to be handled properly and sustainably, so that waste water Corresponding author: into the body of water is safe for public health and the 4 Jalan A Yani, environment. Based on this background, it is necessary Km.36, , Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia, to do research on the evaluation of waste water treatment E-mail : [email protected] in WWTP Hasan Basry Banjarmasin which include Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, April-June 2017, Vol. 8, No. 2 143 temperature, TSS, pH, BOD, TF-P, oils and fats, and distribution of each independent variable and bivariate E.coli. analysis using paired T-test and Wilcoxon test.

MATERIALS AND METHOD RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This research is an analytic observational with The relationship between the temperature, pH,

cross sectional study. The object used is domestic BOD, NO3-N, TF-P, Oil and Fat, and E.Coli of the waste waste water before and after treatment in WWTP water treatment in WWTP Hasan Basry can be seen in Hasan Basry Banjarmasin 2016. Data processing and Table 1 and 2. analyzing consisted of univariate analysis to explain the

Table 1. Result of Paired-T Test and Wilcoxon Test of Temperature, pH, BOD, NO3-N, TF-P, Oil and Fat, and E.Coli Before and After Treatment

Oil and Temperature TSS pH BOD NO -N TF-P E.Coli 3 Fat

p-Value 0.038 0.000 0.014 0.034 1.000 0.000 0.858 0.003

Table 2. Difference of Temperature, pH, BOD, NO3-N, TF-P, Oil and Fat, and E.Coli Before and After Treatment

Month Temperature TSS pH BOD NO3-N TF-P Oil and Fat E.Coli

B A B A B A B A B A B A B A B A

Jan 26,8 26,9 38 26 6.79 7.01 13.9 10.1 0.368 0.357 2.1 1.45 2.3 0 1700 50

Feb 27,3 27,5 27 20 6.86 7.60 11.3 10.8 0.357 0.341 1.18 0.726 1.8 0 90000 59

Mar 28,1 28,3 38 23 6.85 6.93 13.3 10.4 0.344 0.337 2.74 1.05 1.5 0 90000 57

Apr 27,6 27,8 35 22 6.81 7.05 12.7 9.08 0.348 0.345 2.58 1.44 1.7 0 22000 80

May 27,8 27,9 26 16 6.81 7.18 10.2 7.83 0.347 0.294 2.84 1.41 1.5 0 840000 110

Jun 27,0 27,0 35 13 6.70 6.90 14 12.5 0.2571 0.1415 3.0031 1.5683 3 1.5 290000 3800

Jul 27,0 27,0 28 7 7.08 7.48 18 14.7 0.496 0.364 2.5758 1.7802 3 8.5 19000 290000

Aug 27,0 27,0 24 3 7.12 7.42 41.83 63.36 0.226 0.2993 4.9054 2.3916 4 7.5 32000 80

Sep 28,0 28,0 18 2 7.06 6.78 23.1 21.34 1.7675 1.0015 3.6988 3.4292 0.005 0.005 34000 80

Oct 28,0 28,0 32 5 7.05 6.94 29.7 24.06 0.2993 1.5294 7.7436 4.5413 0.005 5.5 7500 90

Nov 28,0 28,0 34 15 6.86 7.14 21.14 19.6 0.2924 3.6498 5.868 4.0906 2 2 14000 0

Dec 27,0 27,0 20 16 7.14 7.28 10.66 10.43 0.2165 0.9834 4.2308 3.5616 0.005 0.005 2600 0

Avg 27.47 27.53 29.58 14 6.93 7.14 18.32 17.85 0.44 0.80 3.62 2.29 1.73 2.08 120233.3 24534

Notes:

B: Value Before Treatment

A: Value After Treatment

3.1 Temperature of the waste water treatment in WWTP Hasan Basry 144 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, April-June 2017, Vol. 8, No. 2 145 Based on the table 1, the result of Paired-T Test show Based on the table 1, the result of Paired-T Test show that p-value=0.038 (p< 0.05). There are a difference that p-value=0.014 (p< 0.05). There are a difference between average of temperature value before and after between average of pH value before and after treatment treatment in WWTP Hasan Basry. The temperature in WWTP Hasan Basry. The pH percentage increase increase before and after the treatment are 0.22%. before and after the treatment are 3%. pH is a measure Wastewater generally have a higher temperature than of the acidity that is determined based on the high and the local air temperature. The effect of temperature low concentration of hydrogen ions in the water. The pH can be annoying and leave a chemical reaction aquatic value of the water is used to determine the condition of life. Waste that has hot temperatures will disrupt acid (hydrogen ion concentration) of waste water. The certain biota. The level of oxidation agents is greater pH scale ranges from 1-14, pH value range 1-7 including at higher temperatures and decay ja rang occur at low acid conditions. pH 7-14 including alkaline conditions temperatures.4, 6 and pH 7 including neutral conditions. pH values either allow organisms to live and grow, as well as biological The concentration of the wastewater temperature life is going well. Most microorganisms are sensitive to are 26.9 to 28.3 0 C and it has qualified with criteria of changes in pH and the like pH between 7 to 8.5.4, 6, 11 Government Regulation ranged from 24.53 to 30.53 0 C. The decomposition occurs due to the concentration of The concentration of pH in wastewater has been high temperatures. Decomposition resulting odor that qualified, ranged from 6.78-7.60. The pH value lower bothered. More and smell of the water cause the higher than 1-7 mean to be more acidic, so it will be corrosive the concentration of microbes and inorganic substances to the organs of the body when consumed by humans. in the water. If the concentration of microbes on the high With the metal content in the water, it will indirectly water and disinfection is not done. Then it is possible for affect the aesthetics of the water, which cause a sour the occurrence of waterborne disease.4, 7, 8 taste in the water. Besides the waste water has a low pH water becoming corrosive often resulting metal becomes 3.2 Total suspended solid (TSS) of the waste water more rusted pipe.9, 12, 13 treatment in WWTP Hasan Basry 3.4 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of the Based on the table 1, the result of Wilcoxon waste water treatment in WWTP Hasan Basry Test show that p-value=0.000 (p< 0.05). There are a difference between average of TSS value before and Based on the table 1, the result of Paired-T Test show after treatment in WWTP Hasan Basry. The TSS that p-value=0.034 (p< 0.05). There are a difference percentage decrease before and after the treatment are between average of BOD value before and after 52.68%. TSS is the amount of weight in mg / l and dried treatment in WWTP Hasan Basry. The BOD percentage mud in the waste water after a filtration with membrane decrease before and after the treatment are 2.56%. BOD measuring 0.45 microns. Suspended solids consist of is the oxygen requirement for the number of bacteria to particles whose size and weighs less than the sediment, decompose (oxidize) all organic substances dissolved such as clay, certain organic materials, cells of certain or as suspended in water into organic matter is much microorganisms and so forth.7, 9 simpler.4, 9

The concentration of TSS in wastewater undergoes The concentration of BOD in wastewater has been treatment has been qualified, ranged from 2 to 26 mg/l. not qualified, ranged from 7.83-63.36 mg/l. Where Where this value suitable with criteria of Government this value not suitable with criteria of Government Regulation No.82 Year 2001 under 50 mg/l. The high Regulation No.82 Year 2001 are under 3 mg/l. If wastes concentration of TSS will cause turbidity so as to disturb with high BOD values discharged into the waters of the the disinfection process for the absorption of some microorganisms contained in the water will begin to colloidal bacteria may protect the organism from the degrade organic matter in the waste. This process will disinfectant.7, 8, 10 spend the oxygen in the water. When oxygen levels decrease would interfere with the survival of fish and 3.3 pH of the waste water treatment in WWTP other aquatic fauna.8, 9, 11 Hasan Basry

3.5 The NO3-N of the waste water treatment in 144 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, April-June 2017, Vol. 8, No. 2 145 WWTP Hasan Basry which inhibits the oxidation process under aerobic conditions.9 Based on the table 1, the result of Paired-T Test show that p-value=1.000 (p> 0.05). There are a The concentration of oil and fat in wastewater has

difference between average of NO3-N value before and been qualified, ranged from 0-8.5 ug/l and suitable

after treatment in WWTP Hasan Basry. The NO3-N with criteria of Government Regulation No.82 Year percentage increase before and after the treatment are 2001 are under 1000 ug/l. The concentration of oil and 81.8%. Nitrate nitrogen is very soluble in water and are fats can reduce the concentration of dissolved oxygen stable.14 in the water due to the fixation of free oxygen to be blocked. As a result, there is an imbalance in the food Based on the table 2, that the concentration of NO - 3 chain of the water. Oils and fats also affect microbial N in wastewater has been qualified, ranged from 0.1415- activity and form a layer on the surface of the waste 3.6498 mg/l, suitable with criteria of Government liquid that inhibit the oxidation process under aerobic Regulation No.82 Year 2001 are 10 mg/l. Nitrate is a conditions.8,9 form stable compounds and derives its existence from the waste, fertilizers, animal and human feces and so on. 3.8 Eschericia coli (E.Coli) of the waste water High nitrate concentrations can be toxic and can affect treatment in WWTP Hasan Basry people’s health, especially for infants can cause “blue baby”, ie the occurrence of a bluish color because of lack Based on the table 1, the result of Wilcoxon of oxygen.8, 15 Test show that p-value=0.023 (p< 0.05). There are difference between average of E.Coli value before and 3.6 The TF-P of the waste water treatment in after treatment in WWTP Hasan Basry. The E.Coli WWTP Hasan Basry percentage decrease before and after the treatment are 79.59%. Escherichia coli practically always present in Based on the table 1, the result of Paired-T Test the digestive tract of animals and humans due to natural show that p-value=0.000 (p< 0.05). There are a Escherichia coli is one of the occupant’s body.18 difference between average of TF-P value before and after treatment in WWTP Hasan Basry. The TF-P The concentration of E.Coli in wastewater has been percentage decrease before and after the treatment are not qualified, ranged from 0-290,000 amt/100 ml and 36.74%. Total phosphate in the waste water. a portion not suitable with criteria of Government Regulation of the phosphate in wastewater society is in the form of No.82 Year 2001 are under 1,000 amt/100 ml. If the inorganic orthophosphate (PO, HPO, HrPO) increase as E.Coli found in other parts of the body organ, it will much as 25% of the total phosphate.16 cause serious illness, such as urinary tract infections, bacteremia, and meningitis. It was also reported when The concentration of TF-P in wastewater has been E.Coli in the intestine into the bladder, it can cause not qualified, ranged from 0.726-4.5413 mg/l, not sintitis is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of suitable with criteria of Government Regulation No.82 the organ.8, 10, 18 Year 2001 are under 0.2 mg/l. The impact of the high concentration of TF-P is the emergence of silting due to CONCLUSION eutrophication, which it is bad for the raw source for taps and surrounding communities.8, 17 Based on the results of research in WWTP Hasan Basry in Banjarmasin in 2016, there is a difference 3.7 Oil and fat of the waste water treatment in before and after treatment at temperature (p-value = WWTP Hasan Basry 0.038), TSS (p-value=0,000), pH (p-value=0,014), BOD (p-value = 0.034) , TF-P (p-value=0,000), and E.coli (p- Based on the table 1, the result of Wilcoxon Test value=0,023). Whereas there is no difference in NO -N show that p-value=0.858 (p> 0.05). There are no 3 (p-value=1), oil and fat (p-value=0,858). WWTP Hasan difference between average of oil and fat value before Basry should always maintenance and repair, still due and after treatment in WWTP Hasan Basry. The oil and to the excess of the standard quality parameters such as fat percentage decrease before and after the treatment BOD, TF-P, and E. coli. are 20.23%. Basically the oils and fats can create a layer on the surface of the water to form a membrane 146 Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, April-June 2017, Vol. 8, No. 2

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