DOCSLIB.ORG

The Trouble with Cross- Dressers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Trouble with Cross- Dressers Courtesy of University of Press California Courtesy of University PETER BOAG The Trouble with Cross- Dressers Researching and Writing the History of Sexual and Gender Transgressiveness in the Nineteenth-Century American West FOR NEARLY A DECADE, I have been researching and writing about women who dressed and lived as men and men who lived and dressed as women in the nineteenth-century American West. During that time, when people asked me about my work, my response was invariably met with a quizzical expression and then the inevitable question: “Were there really such people?” Newspapers document hundreds, in fact, and it is likely there were many more. Historians have been writing about cross-dressers for some time, and we know that such people have existed in all parts of the world and for about as long as we have recorded and remembered history.1 Nevertheless, in general, people do not associate cross-dressing, or at least certain elements of what it might imply, with the historic American West. Images of gun-toting, tobacco-chewing, buckskin-clad Calamity Jane may come to mind, but most people will not expect that women who actually thought themselves to be men and men who dressed and lived as women were present in the nineteenth-century West, a place and time that resonates with manly men and womanly women! Over the years, western historians have smashed such gendered stereotypes, laboring long and hard to produce a remarkably rich literature on the multi-faceted gendered lives of women in western history. Recently, historians have also started to critically dissect the Historian Peter Boag’s Re-Dressing America’s Frontier Past will be published this many nuances of western masculinity. That literature paints a considerably fall by the University of California Press. It is the outcome of his years of research on more complex gendered world of the Old West than do the standard stereo- the Old West’s men who dressed and lived as women and women who dressed and types. And yet, such literature has largely remained silent on the complicated lived as men. OHQ vol. 112, no. 3 © 011 Oregon Historical Society Boag, The Trouble with Cross-Dressers gender identities that cross-dressing have shown, for example, that in the not-too-distant past, people in western 189 , 1 might expose. civilization understood that there was only one sex and that male and female In October of this year, the Uni- simply occupied different gradations on a single scale. That at one time the , January , versity of California Press will release western world held to a one-sex or one-gender model, but later developed my book Re-Dressing America’s a two-sex or two-gender model, clearly shows that social conceptualization Frontier Past. It is a history of cross- of gender, sex, and even sexuality changes over time. This reveals a problem dressing, broadly conceived, from that confronts historians: it is anachronistic to impose our present-day terms roughly the time of the California and concepts for and about gender and sexuality — such as transgender — Gold Rush to just after the last of onto the past. Decatur, Illinois, Daily Review Illinois, Decatur, the western (continental) territories In Re-Dressing America’s Frontier Past, I therefore strove to avoid the term became states. It explores the lives of transgender as much as possible. It is central to my study, however, to show people who cross-dressed and did so that people in the nineteenth century had their own concepts and expres- for multiple reasons — some to com- sions for gender fluidity. By the end of the nineteenth century, for example, mit or escape detection for crimes; sexologists (medical doctors and scientists who study sex) had created the some, notably women, to more easily terms “sex invert” and “sexual inversion” to refer to people whose sexual and safely travel through the region; desires and gender presentations (that is, the way they walked and talked, some for matters related to gaining the clothing they wanted to wear, and so forth) did not, according to social employment; and some because they views, conform to what their physiological sex should “naturally” dictate. identified themselves as people of Sexologists and much of the public accepted that, for example, the sexual the other sex. I encountered a variety desire for a female, the longing to wear pants, and a certain manly swagger of troubles in producing this book: in the walk were all feelings and traits that sprang forth from the male body. deciding on appropriate terminol- If a man had sexual desires for another man — a feminine trait — he also (it ogy for the diversity of cross-dressers was supposed) wished to dress in women’s clothing and had other feminine Flora Quick, a native of the Ozark I uncovered, turning up records characteristics. The German jurist and sex reformer Karl Heinrich Ulrichs Mountains, became Tom King and about such people, and conceiving (1825–189), whose writings influenced sexologists of his day, described such terrorized Oklahoma Territory’s South Canadian River region for years. my project in what amounts to a people as males born with female souls. Apparently addicted to all sorts of historiographical vacuum on the Late-nineteenth-century sexologists applied “sexual inversion” broadly crimes, she was best known as a horse topic for the American West. These to people who, as the years passed, later became identified distinctly and thief. She turned to male clothing various issues, moreover, impinged separately as transgender, transsexual, transvestite, and homosexual. The for disguise; it often helped her elude on each other. word transsexual emerged during the 190s and 190s, as developments in authorities. Quick was a western A central argument of my book is medical technology allowed individuals who felt they had the wrong body cross-dresser whose life newspapers that many nineteenth-century west- to surgically change those bodies to comport with their feelings. Although sensationalized and, whether true or ern Americans who cross-dressed transsexual overlaps with transgender, transgender is somewhat more not, heterosexualized by linking her with a male lover who also turned did so to express their transgender comprehensive in scope; it includes people who may feel themselves to desperado. identity. Transgender is a term coined have a gender “opposite” of what their bodies might indicate but who are only during the last quarter of the unable, or simply do not want, to change their bodies. Transgender people twentieth century. It refers to people might also identify as neither female nor male. Transvestite typically refers who identify with the gender (female to someone who, for reasons unrelated to gender and sexual identity, gains or male) “opposite” of what society would typically assign to their bodies. emotional sustenance by dressing as the “opposite” sex; the concept began to I place “opposite” in quotation marks because the notion that female and emerge in the scientific literature during the first few years of the twentieth male are somehow diametric to each other is a historical creation; scholars century, but it took many years to catch on. The word homosexual appeared OHQ vol. 112, no. 3 Boag, The Trouble with Cross-Dressers 189 at the same time as did sex invert; believed such coexistence was possible. Likewise does the amalgamated , 8 through at least the first quarter of name “Samrah,” which papers even more derisively employed for Sam Pol- the twentieth century, the two terms lard when they learned that his given name was Sarah. This clearly shows, , October October , were used interchangeably. Slowly, moreover, that everyday people did not merely receive ideas about sexuality during the early twentieth century, and gender from sexologists. Rather, they had their own views and opinions homosexual came to relate specifically on these matters. These sometimes challenged, sometimes reinforced, and to sexual desire rather than, like sex sometimes altered scientific understandings. invert, to gender presentation and In Re-Dressing America’s Frontier Past, I explore the meaning, cogency, identity. Homosexual came to mean and usage of period terms such as queer, sex invert, man-woman, and What- that a woman, for example, who had is-it. But as with transgender, although for different reasons, I avoided Stockton, California, Evening Mail Evening California, Stockton, sexual desires for another woman consistently applying those terms to the subjects of my book; even though did not necessarily also have other they are accurate for the era, they have negative connotations. Many people “manly” traits; rather, she could be a who dressed as the “opposite” sex in the Old West, furthermore, did so for fully “feminine” woman in the eyes matters of expediency, safety, and employment and not because of identity; of society. therefore referring to them as sex inverts, for example, is simply inaccurate. The late-nineteenth-century sci- Instead, I chose the more neutral term cross-dresser. It is convenient for its ence concept of sex invert percolated capaciousness but useful only to a point. The term was not used in that exact down to broader society. Consider iteration during the nineteenth century; sources more commonly referred, Born Elvira Virginia Mugarietta the case of Eugene de Forest in Los rather, to a woman who was “dressed in male attire” and a man who was in San Francisco in 1869, Jack Angeles. By all reports, de Forest had “dressed in female attire.” Too, cross-dressing implies that when one does Garland (who the press sometimes the body of a woman, but he consid- dress and behave as a person of the “opposite” sex, that person is attempting affectionately called Babe Bean) lived in the Bay Area until his death ered himself to be a man, dressing and to cross (at least in appearance, if not in identity) from one sex and gender in 1936.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gender Theory for Historians (Hist 72000) Fall 2012, Prof
    Gender Theory for Historians (Hist 72000) Fall 2012, Prof. D. Herzog, [email protected] Class: Tuesdays 2-4, Room 4433 Office Hours: Fridays 10-11:30 and by appointment; tel. 212-817-8468 This graduate seminar is designed to introduce students to both classic and more recent texts in the overlapping areas of women’s and gender history, queer studies, and feminist, psychoanalytic, deconstructionist and poststructuralist theory, with forays into a wide range of historiographical styles and occasional excursions into anthropology, sociology, literary criticism, and political philosophy. There will be special emphasis on: the historical intersections of gender, race, economics, empire, religion; the histories of subjectivities and epistemologies; and the histories of psychiatry, sexuality, disability, reproduction. Most of the texts will focus on the U.S. and Europe since the 18th c., with many focused on the recent past and near-present. Throughout, the goal will be to understand the practical usefulness of varieties of gender theory for the diverse historical research projects you all are engaged in. Requirements include thorough reading of the assigned materials, two critical questions about each assigned text sent to instructor and classmates in advance of class every time, thoughtful and active participation in class discussions, two short summary analyses of weekly readings also sent to instructor and classmates in advance of class (we will divide up the reading list amongst ourselves on the first day), and one longer final paper exploring the relevance of and putting to use some aspect(s) of gender theory for your own work. Questions and summaries must be emailed by 7 a.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Nonbinary Gender Identities in Media: an Annotated Bibliography
    Nonbinary Gender Identities in Media: An Annotated Bibliography Table of Contents Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Glossary------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 Adult and Young Adult Materials----------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 Nonfiction-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 Articles (Scholarly and Popular)------------------------------------------------------------------------14 Fiction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19 Comics (Print and Web)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------28 Film and Television----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31 Web Resources---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37 Children’s Materials-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41 Nonfiction----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41 Fiction---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41 Film and Television----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42
    [Show full text]
  • FEMINIST and GENDER THEORY for HISTORIANS: a Theoretical and Methodological Introduction
    University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of History History/WMST 730 (graduate course) (Cross-listed with the Department of Women’s Studies) FEMINIST AND GENDER THEORY FOR HISTORIANS: A Theoretical and Methodological Introduction SPRING 2018 DRAFT SYLLABUS Instructor: Karen Hagemann Time of the Course: Wednesday, 5:30 – 8:00 pm Location of the Course: HM 425 Office Hours: Tuesday 1-3 pm or by appointment Office: Hamilton Hall 562 Email: [email protected] SHORT DESCRIPTION After more than forty years of research, it is time for a critical stocktaking of the theoretical and methodological developments in the field of women's and gender history. The course will therefore acquaint students with the major development of the field since the 1970s and consider the texts of authors such as Judith Bennett, Gisela Bock, Judith Butler, Kathleen Canning, R.W. Connell, Natalie Z. Davis, Evelyn Brooks Higginbottam, Joan Kelly, Gerda Lerner, Joan W. Scott, Sonya O. Rose, and John Tosh, in a chronological and systematical order, to understand how and why the theoretical and methodological debates developed in a specific direction. AIMS AND AGENDA OF THE COURSE Recovering the lives of women from the neglect of historians was the goal of women's history from its inception. Its methodology and interests have evolved over time as it has become established as an academic discipline. From its early origins in cataloguing great women in 15 September 2017 2 history, in the 1970s it turned to recording ordinary women's expectations, aspirations and status. Then, with the rise of the feminist movement, the emphasis shifted in the 1980s towards exposing the oppression of women and examining how they responded to discrimination and subordination.
    [Show full text]
  • New Directions in Middle East Women's and Gender History Marilyn Booth
    New Directions in Middle East Women's and Gender History Marilyn Booth 1. Look in on a scene from the contemporary history of women and gender in the Arab Middle East: in 1999, a major conference on gender history in Arab societies over the past one hundred years took place in Cairo. Playing on the title of a famously controversial 1899 treatise on the woman question—lawyer Qasim Amin’s The Liberation of Woman—the convenors chose to call the event “One Hundred Years of the Emancipation of the Arab Woman.” Organized by the Government of Egypt’s Supreme Council for Culture under the sponsorship of Suzanne Mubarak, spouse of the Egyptian President and keynote speaker, the conference was a major public as well as academic event, widely covered in the local press. Much of the coverage focused on a few heated but generally productive confrontations that occurred within panel discussions. Yet it was not the content of debates so much as the personalities and dress of participants that drew a voyeuristic media gaze (as did our end-of-conference dinner on a boat that cruised the Nile). Outrage was expressed at the inclusion of a roundtable discussion on sexuality; certain newspapers speculated that there must have been undue western feminist influence at work. Specifically, there was anger that state funding had gone into this event, and the issue was used by Islamist spokespeople to criticize the Egyptian government’s Western leanings. In the local media, especially the organs of the official opposition political parties, the study of gender history itself was turned into a sexualized body, attacked for its pernicious influence, and dismissed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Material Turn, Praxiography, and Body History
    Humanities 2014, 3, 546–566; doi:10.3390/h3040546 OPEN ACCESS humanities ISSN 2076-0787 www.mdpi.com/journal/humanities Article Beyond Cultural History? The Material Turn, Praxiography, and Body History Iris Clever and Willemijn Ruberg Department of History and Art History, Utrecht University, Drift 6, 3512 BS Utrecht, The Netherlands; E-Mails: [email protected] (I.C.); [email protected] (W.R.) External Editor: Victoria Thompson Received: 24 March 2014; in revised form: 27 August 2014 / Accepted: 16 September 2014 / Published: 9 October 2014 Abstract: The body came to be taken seriously as a topic of cultural history during the “corporeal” or “bodily” turn in the 1980s and 1990s. Soon, however, critique was raised against these studies’ conceptualization of the body as discursively shaped and socially disciplined: individual bodily agency and feeling were felt to be absent in the idea of the material body. This article critically analyzes new approaches in the field of body history, particularly the so-called “material turn”. It argues that the material turn, especially in the guise of praxiography, has a lot to offer historians of the body, such as more attention to material practices, to different kinds of actors and a more open eye to encounters. Potential problems of praxiographical analyses of the body in history include the complicated relationship between discourses and practices and the neglect of the political and feminist potential of deconstructive discourse analyses. However, a focus on the relationship between practices of knowledge production and the representation of the body may also provide new ways of opening up historical power relations.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Argument and Practice Bibliography for Lectures 2019-20
    HISTORICAL ARGUMENT AND PRACTICE BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR LECTURES 2019-20 Useful Websites http://www.besthistorysites.net http://tigger.uic.edu/~rjensen/index.html http://www.jstor.org [e-journal articles] http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/ejournals_list/ [all e-journals can be accessed from here] http://www.historyandpolicy.org General Reading Ernst Breisach, Historiography: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983) R. G. Collingwood, The Idea of History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1946) Donald R. Kelley, Faces of History: Historical Inquiry from Herodotus to Herder (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1998) Donald R. Kelley, Fortunes of History: Historical Inquiry from Herder to Huizinga (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003) R. J. Evans, In Defence of History (2nd edn., London, 2001). E. H. Carr, What is History? (40th anniversary edn., London, 2001). Forum on Transnational History, American Historical Review, December 2006, pp1443-164. G.R. Elton, The Practice of History (2nd edn., Oxford, 2002). K. Jenkins, Rethinking History (London, 1991). C. Geertz, Local Knowledge (New York, 1983) M. Collis and S. Lukes, eds., Rationality and Relativism (London, 1982) D. Papineau, For Science in the Social Sciences (London, 1978) U. Rublack ed., A Concise Companion to History (Oxford, 2011) Q.R.D. Skinner, Visions of Politics Vol. 1: Regarding Method (Cambridge, 2002) David Cannadine, What is History Now, ed. (Basingstoke, 2000). -----------------------INTRODUCTION TO HISTORIOGRAPHY---------------------- Thu. 10 Oct. Who does history? Prof John Arnold J. H. Arnold, History: A Very Short Introduction (2000), particularly chapters 2 and 3 S. Berger, H. Feldner & K. Passmore, eds, Writing History: Theory & Practice (2003) P.
    [Show full text]
  • HIS 165/Gendered US History of Food 1 Course Unit
    Women’s and Gender Studies Courses-1 HIS 165/Gendered U.S. History of Food 1 course unit (occasionally) An introduction to the history of food consumption and preparation in the Western world, and its place in defining gender roles; food as part of religious ceremony; development of table manners; the politics of breast-feeding; the changing of kitchen roles; and the history of eating disorders. WGS 166/Documenting U.S. Women’s History 1 course unit (occasionally) In this course, students will learn Women's US History by reading, researching and analyzing the primary resources of important events/movements. Utilizing primary documents from course texts, the On-line Archival Collections as well as other sources, students will understand the motivation, impact, and long-term ramifications of women’s US history. WGS 167/Gender, US History and Film 1 course unit (occasionally) More than any other medium, the motion pictures fostered new ideals and images of modern womanhood and manhood in the United States. Film also interpreted current and historical events and forged historical interpretations and quite a few historical myths or "truisms". Through the twentieth century, gender representations on the screen bore a complex relationship to the social, economic, and political transformations marking the lives and consciousness of American men and women. This course explores the history of American gender in the 20th century through film. It treats the motion pictures as a primary source that, juxtaposed with other kinds of historical evidence, opens a window onto gendered work, leisure, sexuality, family life, and politics. We will view how Hollywood has shaped not only our historical perceptions, but also our gendered expectations.
    [Show full text]
  • Gendering Historiography
    Angclika Epple, Angelika Schaser (eds.) Gendering Historiography Beyond National Canons Angelika Epple is professor of history at Biclcfcld University, Angelika Schaser is Campus Verlag professor of modern history at the University of Hamburg. Frankfurr/New York Contents Multiple Histories? Changing Perspectives on Modern Historiography Angelilm Epp!e and Angelil<a Se has er ............................. 7 1. 1-Iistoriography in flux Gcndering Historiography in the Global Age: A U.S. Perspective Bonnie G. Smith . .......................................... 27 Fear of Plurality: Historical Culture and Historiographical Canonization in Western Europe Maria C;rever ............................................. 45 Bibliographic Information publbhcd by the Deutschc Nationalbibliothck. 2. Gendering the National Canons of Historiography Die Dcurschc Nationalbibliothck li~ts this publicottion in the Dcutsche Nationalbibliografic; detailed bibliographic data <Ire available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de Biography, Gender and the Dcconstruction of a National Canon ISBN 978-3-593-38960-8 [rma Stt!kunen ............................................ 65 All righr.s reserved. No pan of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, denronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage Gendering the Polish Historiography of the late Eighteenth and and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Nineteenth Centuries Copyright© 2009 Campus Verlag GmbH, Franlcfun/Main Cover illustration:© www.photocase.com C!ttuditt Krajt ............................................. 78 Cover design: Cunpus Vcrlag GmbH, h·ankfi.trt/Main "l)rpesetting: Campus Verlag GmbH, Frankfurt/Main 3. Dividing Lines between the Traditional Canon Primed on acid free paper. and Excluded Histories Printed in Germany For funhcr information: Gendering ~Ihtdition and Rewriting Church History www.campus.de Ulrilee G!eixner .
    [Show full text]
  • Discourses Governing Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual Teachers’ Disclosure of Sexual Orientation and Gender History
    IssuesLaura Bower-Phippsin Teacher Education, Fall 2017 23 Discourses Governing Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex, and Asexual Teachers’ Disclosure of Sexual Orientation and Gender History Laura Bower-Phipps Southern Connecticut State University Significant progress has been made in equal rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA) individu- als, yet schools remain institutions where sexual and gender diversity are marginalized and/or silenced (Ferjfola & Hopkins, 2013). Hetero- normativity enables a social and institutional context where LGBTQIA teachers must make decisions about coming out or disclosing who they are or how they identify, while cis-gendered, heterosexual teachers are exempt from such decisions (Gray, 2013). For LGBTQIA teachers, deci- sions about if and when to disclose sexual orientation and gender history require a great deal of emotional energy that could be spent teaching (Orlov & Allen, 2014). Developing an understanding of LGBTQIA teach- ers’ decisions around disclosure is essential for teacher educators who prepare sexual and gender minority teacher candidates and for school administrators to develop school climates that are inclusive of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities. Decisions around such disclosures are complex and implicated with numerous trade-offs (Gray, 2013). Many LGBTQIA teachers do not dis- close sexual orientation and/or gender history for fear of employment termination or limiting their opportunities for promotions (DePalma & Laura Bower-Phipps is an associate professor in the Department of Curriculum and Learning of the School of Education at Southern Con- necticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut. Her e-mail address is [email protected] Volume 26, Number 3, Fall 2017 24 Discourses Governing LGBTQIA Teachers’ Disclosure Atkinson, 2010; Rudoe, 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Historians As Amici Curiae in Support of Employees
    Nos. 17-1618, 17-1623, and 18-107 In the Supreme Court of the United States GERALD LYNN BOSTOCK, PETITIONER v. CLAYTON COUNTY, GEORGIA, RESPONDENT ALTITUDE EXPRESS, INC. ET AL., PETITIONERS v. MELISSA ZARDA, AS EXECUTOR OF THE ESTATE OF DONALD ZARDA, ET AL., RESPONDENTS R.G. & G.R. HARRIS FUNERAL HOMES, INC., PETITIONER v. EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION ET AL., RESPONDENTS ON WRITS OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURTS OF APPEALS FOR THE ELEVENTH, SECOND, AND SIXTH CIRCUITS BRIEF OF HISTORIANS AS AMICI CURIAE IN SUPPORT OF EMPLOYEES RAKESH N. KILARU CHANAKYA A. SETHI WILKINSON WALSH + Counsel of Record ESKOVITZ LLP ANGELA CAI 2001 M St. N.W., WILKINSON WALSH + 10th Floor ESKOVITZ LLP Washington, DC 20036 130 West 42nd St., Suite 1402 New York, NY 10036 (929) 264-7758 [email protected] TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Interest of amici curiae .................................................................. 1 Summary of argument ................................................................... 2 Argument ......................................................................................... 4 I. The historical context surrounding Title VII’s enactment featured a broad range of public meanings for the word “sex” and growing public awareness of LGBT individuals ..................................................................... 5 A. “Sex” encompassed a wide spectrum of public meanings in the 1960s ....................................................... 5 B. At the same time, the public was well aware of LGBT persons in
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Binary Gender Identity Negotiations
    i Non-Binary Gender Identity Negotiations: Interactions with Queer Communities and Medical Practice Benjamin William Vincent Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy The University of Leeds School of Sociology and Social Policy October 2016 ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is their own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from this thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. © 2016 The University of Leeds, Benjamin William Vincent The right of Benjamin William Vincent to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by Benjamin William Vincent in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. iii Acknowledgements A doctorate is a piece of work that can isolate as one grapples with writing, but also depends greatly upon the support of others. I would like to start by thanking Dr. Sally Hines as my primary supervisor. Sally has provided consistently warm and approachable support throughout, together with her fantastic experience as a foremost scholar of transgender studies. Dr Ana Manzano has also given great guidance not only with nuanced discussions of methodology, but with support and co-authorship of my first formal academic publication. My thanks also go to Professor Anne Kerr for her role as my supervisor during my first year. I am grateful to many academic staff within and beyond Leeds for various opportunities and forms of support – Meg-John Barker, Sharon Elley, Kris McLaughlin, Richard Tavernier, and Matthew Wilkinson – thank you all.
    [Show full text]
  • Archives of Sexuality & Gender: LGBTQ History and Culture Since
    Gale Primary Sources Start at the source. Archives of Sexuality & Gender: LGBTQ History and Culture Since 1940 Administrative Files, 1992-1999. Clippings: Portfolio, 1987–1993. ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives. Archives of Sexuality & Gender. EMPOWER™ RESEARCH THE LARGEST DIGITAL PRIMARY SOURCED FROM NOTABLE LIBRARIES AND ARCHIVES Material for this ground-breaking programme comes from a variety of international sources such as local and national governments, pan-national and self-determined SOURCE PROGRAMME SUPPORTING NGOs and LGBTQ charities. Some collections come from some seemingly unlikely sources; the Papers of the Lesbian and Gay Christian Movement, Gay Activism in Britain SEXUALITY & GENDER STUDIES from 1958 and the Papers of Vera “Jack” Holme, for example, were sourced from the London School of Economics Library, whilst much of the material comes from some of Gale’s milestone digital programme Archives of Sexuality & Gender: LGBTQ History and Culture Since 1940 connects the most well-known institutions for LGBTQ issues worldwide, such as: students, educators and researchers to the rich history of sexuality and gender. With over three million pages of • ONE National Gay & Lesbian Archives, University of Southern California, Los Angeles fully-searchable, rare and unique sources, users can delve deeper and make new connections in subjects such as Cultural Studies, Queer Studies, Sociology, Policy Studies, Women’s Studies, Politics, Law, Human Rights and • GLBT Historical Society, San Francisco, California Gender Studies. • Lesbian Herstory Educational Foundation, Inc., Brooklyn, New York Affinity A Publication of Affirmation: Gay & Lesbian • Canadian Lesbian and Gay Archives, Toronto, Ontario Mormons Fall 1993 Vol. XV Issue. 9.” Affinity, Fall Drawn from hundreds of institutions and organisations, from major international bodies to local grassroots 1993, p.
    [Show full text]