Project number: 639 Project acronym: trAILs Project title: Alpine Industrial Landscapes Transformation

DELIVERABLE D.T2.2.3

Spatial planning and landscape assessment report – TUW+POLIMI+VESTE

Work package: T2 – Assess AILs: assessment procedure (pilot-based)

Activity: A.T2.2: Co-assessment of AILs actual conditions

Organization: TUW + POLIMI + VESTE

Deliverable date: 03.06.2019

Version: final

Dissemination level: Project Partners

Dissemination target: Project Partners

This project is co‐financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme CONTENT12B

1 FOREWORD ...... 3

2 ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY ...... 4

3 PART 1: RESULTS OF THE AIL ASSESSMENT ...... 6

3.1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY ...... 6 3.2 RESULTS OF THE ASSESSMENT – POTENTIALS AND PROBLEMS ...... 9

4 PART 2: PERFORMANCE OF THE AIL ASSESSMENT ...... 29

4.1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY ...... 29 4.2 ANALYSIS ELEMENTS REVIEW ...... 30 4.3 PERFORMANCE CONCLUSION ...... 38

5 PART 3: FEEDBACK OF THE REGIONAL PARTNER ...... 39

6 APPENDIX ...... 41

6.1 APPENDIX A – SPATIAL AND LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS ...... 41

Page | 2 1 FOREWORD0B

The assessment report has two main parts. First part is a document providing essential knowledge of a specific AIL pilot area and second part is a record of reflection on the assessment method performance in the AIL pilot site. With the ‘learn‐by‐doing’ approach on four different pilot area, research project partners identify and gradually specify key elements of individual assessments that work for the AILs. In addition the usefulness of the report is reflected by the regional partner.

Assessment reports are part of the activity WP T2: Co‐assessment of AILs actual conditions and in a set of five thematic assessment reports, five different deliverables for each pilot area:  D.T2.2.2 – Existing policies on local/regional level assessment reports  D.T2.2.3 – Spatial and landscape assessment reports  D.T2.2.4 – Socio‐demographic assessment reports  D.T2.2.5 – Economic context assessment reports  D.T2.2.6 – Environmental context assessment reports

Together with mini reports ‐ D.T2.2.1, the assessment reports form an input for the workshops in the WP T3 (figure 1).

The template of the assessment report is structured to facilitate two main parts of the Co‐ assessment of AILs: Part 1 – Assessment of AILs which constitutes main findings of the AILs actual conditions, results of the assessments, conclusions and recommendations. Its purpose is to be used for the activities in the WP T3 (the dossier) ‐ workshops with relevant stakeholders. Part 2 – Performance of the Assessment that investigates how the Assessment and its parts performed on the given AIL site. It is conducted through a reflection questionnaire for the research partner and regional partner of that AIL. Its purpose is to evaluate the analyses used in the assessment process and to monitor variability of the assessments throughout the AIL pilot sites.

POLIMI and TUW are responsible to produce Spatial and landscape assessment report based on WP T1 input, site visit and “reflection session” hold in . In particular, POLIMI produce spatial analysis on the local scale (1:5.000, 1:10.000), TUW on the territorial one (above 1:25.000).

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Figure 1: Scheme of the WPT2 Assessment Framework with the general structure of the assessment reports, their input source (WP T1 and site visits) and output purpose (workshops).

2 ABBREVIATIONS1B AND TERMINOLOGY Please use this section to provide terminology that is used in your field of expertise and in the following assessment report. Explain the meaning of a word or a phrase in few sentences. If necessary, provide the context in an example.

Also, use this section to provide a list of any abbreviations you use in your report. region – the term region can be understood very varied. For this report we define the study region by the valley from to Leoben. problem – the term „problem“ is often negatively affected, but problem means in our understanding unsolved, complex planning tasks, for which we have to find a planning solution infrastructure – in this report we focus on the technical infrastructure, not on the social infrastructure. Technical infrastructure includes facilities in the fields of communication (transport, communications), supply (water, energy) and disposal (waste water, waste).

Page | 4 land use (CORINE land cover) – the land use by CORINE land cover shows categories and classes of land use based on digital satellite images. The land use by CORINE land cover is not related in any way with the land use plan. land use plan – the land use plan is a legal instrument for the development of municipalites. It determines a specific allowed use for every plot. This defined use is related to different possibilities and restrictions for the use and development of the plot. The main categories are building land, grassland and traffic areas. local development plan – the local development plan is a legal instrument for the development of a municipality and has a time horizon of 10‐15 years. The local development plan consists of the local development concept and the land use plan (and, if present, of a zoning plan, which defines rules for how to develop a building plot). The local development plan contains aims and measures for the development of a municipality, and consists of a textual and a mapping part.

Spatial analysis involves a terminology relevant to the specific field of expertise. Above a list and meaning of the words used in this report As regards landscape/environmental framework ‐ Natural landscape ‐ Mining areas ‐ Green areas ‐ Park ‐ Public garden ‐ River, stream, canal

As regards mobility framework ‐ Roads ‐ Parking ‐ Hub ‐ Railways ‐ Station

As regards settlement framework ‐ Historical city ‐ Existing urban fabrics ‐ Productive areas ‐ Housing spaces ‐ Facilities ‐ Land use ‐ Morphologies ‐ Regeneration ‐ Redevelopment

Page | 5 3 PART2B 1: RESULTS OF THE AIL ASSESSMENT

3.1 INTRODUCTION6B AND SUMMARY

TUW mainly analysed the “territorial scale”, which is defined in different ways. To give an overview of the location of and the main road/rail network and the connection to other cities the valley from Leoben to Hieflau has been considered. Six municipalities – Leoben, St. Peter‐Freienstein, , , Eisenerz und – are located in this valley (overview scale 1:200.000). For a more in‐depth analysis of the municipality Eisenerz a scale of 1:50.000 and 1:25.000 has been chosen.

The spatial assessment of TUW is structured in four analysis topics:  the environmental analysis, which covers the analysis of the topographical situation, the landscape and the natural environment,  the settlement analysis, which contains information to the settlement structure and the existing building stock,  the mobility network analysis, which covers the analysis of the reachability, the traffic and transport network and the public transport services and  the supply and disposal infrastructure, which covers a description of access to ICT and energy infrastructure, water supply and disposal infrastructure

POLIMI mainly analysed the “local scale” that involves the pilot area and its next surroundings. The chosen scales are 1:10.000 and 1:5.000. In particular, Spatial analysis includes the evaluation of the following aspects: current situation, project in progress and urban planning rules.

Current situation The current situation is structured in three analysis topics:  Mobility framework, which covers the analysis of the transport network and the public transport services  Environmental and landscape framework, which covers the analysis of the topographical situation, the landscape and the natural environment  Settlement framework, which contains information to the settlement structure and the existing building stocks.

Project in progress Plans and project in progress relevant to mobility, environmental and settlement framework are necessary to understand in which direction future development is going on.

Urban planning rules Existing planning rules are important to know the intentions of local municipality and regional administration.

Page | 6 Eisenerz is located in a steep valley in the northern part of , . The city is surrounded by wooded slopes and characterized by the Erzberg mountain. The examined area from Hieflau to Leoben can be reached via the road B115 resp. B115a (from Leoben to Trofaiach). Eisenerz can be reached from via Leoben and Vordernberg, from Salzburg via Admont and Hieflau and from Linz via Hieflau. Difficult road conditions in winter mean that the city cannot always be reached via the southern mountain pass (Präbichl). There is an existing railway infrastructure in the direction of Hieflau and further via the Ennstal to Linz, or via Liezen to Salzburg, which is only occasionally used for freight traffic. There used to be a rack railway over the Präbichl‐Berg. Today this route is used for a touristic railway line.

The natural environment in the region has a high value and potential as touristic and local recreation area. A huge part of the municipality is covered by nature protection areas, which means on the one hand a high value and the protection of the natural environment; on the other hand, restrictions have to be considered which makes some uses on site impossible.

Due to the strong population decrease from the 1970’s until today, a lot of buildings and infrastructural services are unused in Eisenerz. This causes huge challenges, e.g. high costs for maintaining the structures and an impairment of the overall appearance of the townscape. A concept called “re‐design Eisenerz” deals with the removal of buildings (mainly for housing) and in addition to the local development plan, it serves as a guideline for a controlled shrinking.

Figure 2 shows the main problems and challenges, which have been described previously. The map is structured in three layers, similar to the analysis topics. The settlement structure, the mobility framework and the landscape and natural environment are shown.

Page | 7 Figure 2: 3D visualization of the main problems and potential of Eisenerz in regards to the settlement structure, the mobility framework and the landscape and natural environment; edited by Simlab TUW, 2019

Page | 8 3.2 RESULTS7B OF THE ASSESSMENT – POTENTIALS AND PROBLEMS

The following list provides potentials, problems (•) and recommendations how to consider the problems/potentials in transformation processes () to the different analysis topics.

Environmental and landscape analysis

Figure 6 shows the topography of Eisenerz and the nature and landscape protected areas around the town. Besides that, important landmarks as well as mountains are depicted. The natural environment offers a high quality for tourism and local recreation. The Leopoldsteiner See, many hiking and climbing paths attract tourists and locals in summer, skiroutes and the biathlon sports centre in the Eisenerzer Ramsau do this in winter. The most famous and identity‐establishing landmark is the Erzberg.

Figure 3, 4, 5: Landscape and Open Spaces; edited by POLIMI, 2019

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Page | 10 Figure 6: Landscape and nature protection in Eisenerz. Topography, protected areas, landmarks. Edited by Simlab TUW, 2019

Page | 11 Out of our analysis the following problems and potentials arise in connection with the landscape and natural environment:

 The topography strongly influences the accessibility and the development possibilities in Eisenerz  all the related challenges have to be considered in a transformation process (location of Eisenerz in a valley, mountain Präbichl as barrier in some seasons, especially in winter, limited settlement areas)

 resource wood as a high potential for the region, approx. 90% of the area of the municipality Eisenerz are forest  wood industry sector as a potential for a new usage of the brownfield

 climate change as a current and future challenge  forecasts regarding natural hazards, danger zones and climatic changes have to be considered in a transformation process

 nature protected areas as a potential and a challenge  nature protected areas with their high ecological quality have to be preserved and the associated restrictions have to be considered in transformation processes (therefore some uses can be problematic with respect to environmental impacts)

 high value of landscape and natural environment (mountains, lakes and rivers, cycling and hiking paths, forests)  the outstanding quality of the natural environment can be seen as a potential for tourism and local recreation

 natural hazards  natural hazards as floods or avalanches have to be considered in transformation processes. They are currently not a huge problem, but can become one (climate change).

 Erzberg as main landmark and USP  high potential for tourism and events, especially for action/adventure tourism, current “Abenteuer Erzberg” offers different touristic activities

 iron ore as limited resource, mining on the Erzberg will end in approx. 40 years  this fact has to be considered in transformation processes, strategies for the time after the mining have to be developed now, city can lose the last big company (VA Erzberg GmbH)

 Ecosystem services  mapping ecosystem services involves advocacy (awareness raising, decision support, justification), ecosystem assessment (state and trends of ecosystem services), priority setting (basis for discussion on management), Instrument design (targeting user groups/locations, pricing), economic liability (legal demage, compensation, offsetting) and research (scientific advance and spatial analysis).

 Territorial fragilities  the ephemeral environmental characteristics of the places, generated by changing of climatic conditions or by uses have to be considered also with attention to the opportunities of valorisation, in the perspective of their territorial development in general and eventually touristic in particular.

Page | 12 Settlement analysis

Figure 7 shows the settlement structure of Eisenerz and the three most characteristic building structures in the town. Besides that, defined areas for removal or demolition resp. for redevelopment and reconstruction of the building stock are visualized on basis of the “redesign‐ Eisenerz” concept.

Figure 7: settlement structure of Eisenerz. Edited by Simlab TUW, 2019

Page | 13 Figure 8, 9, 10 show settlement and urban fabrics characterizing Eisenerz and its territory.

In particular, the pilot area is characterized by industrial settlement and activities; some of them not in use any more. Urban facilities are quite spread over the territory and there is an important former workers’ settlement reused to a touristic area (Erzberg Alpine Resort).

Figure 8, 9, 10: Settlement and Urban Fabrics; edited by POLIMI, 2019

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Page | 15 Figure 11, 12, 13 show the heritage and urban polarities characterizing Eisenerz and the pilot area.

In particular, Eisenerz has a high architectural value of the building stock in the medieval city centre and a great potential for cultural heritage.

The pilot area is next to some important commercial activities and urban facilities (sport and school).

Figure 11, 12, 13: Heritage and Urban Polarities; edited by POLIMI, 2019

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Page | 17 Out of our analysis the following problems and potentials arise in connection with the settlement structure:

 condition of the building stock – many buildings in the municipality are in need of redevelopment  transformation processes should focus also on the valorisation of the surrounding building stock

 mixed use in the city centre as potential (many small shops, some cafes and ateliers, but also many vacancies)  transformation process should consider adjacent existing uses and empty building stock

 land use plan ‐ site designated for an industrial/commercial use  has to be considered in transformation processes (other use might need other designation)

 concepts for removal/unbuilding of buildings and infrastructure (mainly for housing) are available  contents and aims of these concepts should be considered in a transformation process

 removal process can be seen as a chance ‐ buildings and infrastructure which is designated for demolition can be used for different research purposes (e.g. testing of different methods or materials of the building sector)  consideration in transformation processes, verifying if new use on the brownfield can influence a new use of the building stock

 implementation of concepts (re‐design Eisenerz concept, local development plan, projects) is often a challenge  evaluation of achieved/non‐achieved goals and measures can help to find out why the concepts are not implemented, not yet implemented

 high architectural value of the building stock in the medieval city centre  preservation of high importance; cultural heritage

 vacancies and unused infrastructure as a challenge of the whole municipality (due to strong population decrease; causes high costs for maintaining)  transformation process should not only consider the brownfield per se, but also surrounding areas if a new use/re‐use is possible

 Urban facilities  these elements should be considered in a transformation process, in order to define the right uses

 Industrial settlement and activities  have to be considered in transformation processes for their maintaining or not

Page | 18 Mobility and reachability analysis Figure 14 shows the location of Eisenerz in relation to other important cities in Austria. The main connection runs via the B115 between Leoben and Hieflau, which leads in the north‐west direction to Steyr and Linz and in the south‐east direction to Graz. Some important towns which can be reached in 1 hour by car from Eisenerz are Leoben, Spielberg, Kapfenberg (all three cities are important for industry and production) and Liezen in the west. The provincial capital cities Graz, Linz, St. Pölten and the federal capital city Vienna can be reached in approx. 2 hours.

Figure 14: location of Eisenerz, road network and reachability by car; edited by Simlab TU Wien, basedata distances Google.Maps 2019

Page | 19 Figure 15, 16, 17 show the Mobility and Transport at a local scale.

We can see how Eisenerz develops along the main road (and the railway) which connects Graz to Linz.

Pilot area is interested by some tracks (for goods) not used any more.

Figure 15, 16, 17: Mobility and Transport; edited by POLIMI, 2019

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Page | 21 Out of our analysis, the following problems and potentials arise in connection with the mobility framework and reachability:

 Eisenerz is a part of the trunk road and railway system (motorways, main railway routes)  transformation process has to consider that, important for other/new usage of the brownfield, especially for usage which implements the transport of goods

 Eisenerz has access to the railway network, but there is no connection to Leoben (abandoned railway stretch between Eisenerz and Vordernberg, only used for touristic purposes, not for passenger or freight transport); the only railway route which leads out of the valley is available via Hieflau; connection from Vordernberg to Leoben only for transport of goods (but no regularly connection)  has to be considered in a transformation process, some uses might need railway connections

 public transport system – connection to Leoben via bus lines, there are no train connections in the whole valley for passenger services; availability of bus lines depends especially in winter on weather conditions (snow); hourly connections to Leoben; local bus for Eisenerz available  the public transport system is good till moderate, but it exists at least (not always standard for peripheral regions); improvements can be necessary for a transformation (e.g. touristic use of a brownfield)  Cycle‐pedestrian paths  consideration in transformation processes

Supply and disposal infrastructure analysis

 supply and disposal infrastructure as well as ICT infrastructure are available  can be seen as a potential for different uses (e.g. existing “bitcoin‐farm” on the pilot site; a new usage needs water supply and connection to the sewage system)

 underuse and decay of infrastructure  causes high costs for maintaining, should be considered in a transformation process

PERSPECTIVES AND FINDINGS for FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

Even if the shrinking processes rarely occur spontaneously, the abandonment of formerly productive sites is a great challenge, especially for shrinking communities. For further development/transformation of abandoned industrial sites, a deconstruction and a reconstruction path can be outlined:

The deconstruction path describes a step‐by‐step dismantling of the existing building stock and uses. Thereby the quality of life of remaining residents as well as affordability are important markers for sustainable future developments. The reconstruction path describes new usages and transformation of the existing building stock and the whole area. Possible resumption of former usages or completely new uses might include transformation and adaption as well as addition of buildings and building parts.

Page | 22 Fig. 18 illustrates possible scenarios within these two development paths for the pilot site in Eisenerz. A precise differentiation within these development paths is not possible. The scenarios rather describe development approaches bridging, combining and interlinking the path of deconstruction with the path or single elements of reconstruction (e.g. soil remediation, planting, etc.).

Figure 18: deconstruction/reconstruction‐schema of development scenarios; edited by Simlab TUW, 2019

For the pilot site Eisenerz, the following quality criteria for future developments are promising:

‐ usage of local and regional resources: usage of ore, wood, craftsmanship, knowledge (concept of short ways for climate aware product design) ‐ development of regional education and research cluster: research and education spot with a special focus on product development, product testing and industrial fabrication, focus on special vocational education as complement to academic facilities in region (Montanuniversität Leoben, FH Kapfenberg) ‐ extension of existing centre of alpine/mining research (“Zentrum am Berg”, Montanuniversität Leoben)

Page | 23 ‐ focus on processes, products and (local) materials: processes/products related to ecological energy production, processes/products concerning the building industry – pre fabricated wood house elements, ‐ focus on recycling: product life cycles, upcycling, re‐use of materials within the building stock, research of building conservation technologies ‐ using vacant local buildings as test area ‐ focus on interdisciplinary collaboration: co‐creation space, shared workshop  Combinations of these scenarios!  Interdisciplinary collaboration as an academic and research based complement to the cultural and artistic efforts and activities already initiated (e.g. Rostfest)  Preparation of local life cycles as well as semi ‐ local ecological life‐cycles

Based on the above listed quality criteria, within the development paths the following scenarios are sketched:

Scenario RENATURATION The photomontages (Figs. 18 to 20) show a complete deconstruction of the area towards a near‐ natural use (meadow/pasture, forest). Due to the infrastructure installed (pipes, canals, ...) and the previous uses on the site, it can be assumed that extensive soil remediation measures would be necessary for these scenarios.

Figure 18 shows a scenario, where only the buildings are dismantled, recycled and disposed. Existing infrastructures (pipelines, traffic routes) will be retained. Without further measures, the areas will be "reconquered" (within a few years) by pioneer plants.

Figure 18: photomontage of the pilot site, which shows complete demolition of the buildings without further measures; edited by Simlab TUW, 2019

Page | 24 Fig. 19 and 20 show the deconstruction scenarios aiming at a short‐ to medium‐term agricultural or forestry use of the land. For this purpose, the technical infrastructure (pipes, traffic areas) must also be removed and the surface layer be replaced.

Figure 19: photomontage of the pilot site, showing the complete demolition of the buildings and soil remediation measures carried out, enabling agricultural use of the site.; edited by Simlab TUW, 2019

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Figure 20: photomontage of the pilot site, showing the complete demolition of the buildings and soil remediation measures carried out, which enable the site to be used for forestry purposes; edited by Simlab TUW, 2019

Scenario RECYCLING and GREENHOUSE For these scenarios the conceptual integration of the existing institutions for vocational training, education and research within the region is essential for sustainable long‐term development cycles. Therefor the existing resources of the region (raw materials, skilled workers, outputs and know‐how of regional organisations) are further scenario‐ overarching drivers in strategic considerations and developments.

The scenario “GREENHOUSE” opposes shrinkage with growth. The spacious hall areas on the site as well as good freight transport connections offer potentials for industrial plant breeding and sustainable ecological food production. For example, mushroom cultivation (with the local raw material wood as a carrier material), other fruit or vegetables as well as THC/CBD‐containing plants and herbs can be produced on an industrial scale. The spacious halls allow controlled conditions of growth and protection against intruders. The supply of water can be ensured via storage basins for slope and precipitation water. The sewer system is designed for large flow rates. The controllable ventilation and lighting required for optimal growth and predictable harvesting is guaranteed by the existing electrical infrastructure supply. Fig. 21 shows spatial transformation and developments for the outlined approach of industrial agricultural use on the site.

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Figure 21: scenario “greenhouse”; edited by Simlab TUW, 2019

The scenario “RECYCLING” introduces a new concept dealing with the city of Eisenerz as a living lab for building element recycling processes as well as new technical methodologies for the preservation and renewal of decayed or destroyed buildings due to moisture ingress. In close cooperation with regional research institutions, the regional construction and timber industries, a competence centre and platform deconstruction, recycling and re‐utilisation of buildings and settlement structures is elaborated. Fig.22 sketches a spatial concept of the transformation of the analysed pilot site, creating the spatial environment for the research and industrial platform. Within the “Redesign Eisenerz” concept, already mentioned spots of deconstruction become first living labs. So the city is understood as a source of raw materials as well as a test laboratory to develop procedures and

Page | 27 methods for the recycling of building parts/buildings, for the repair of damp/damaged building materials and for the transformation of brownfield settlements into functioning spatial structures. Through these processes, a supra‐regional showcase and competence centre will be created, which will act as a trigger for sustainable regional value chain.

Figure 22: scenario “living lab” – recycling Eisenerz; edited by Simlab TUW, 2019

Reviewed and rejected development scenarios:

‐ Usage of pilot site as spot for touristic expansions: touristic use on the pilot site would create conflicts with operating companies, size of hall is too big, buildings are not suitable – adaptions would induce high costs, enough vacant buildings closer to the town centre

Page | 28 ‐ Usage for non‐production oriented industries: rail access to the pilot site and remote location provides best suitability for manufacturing industries and/or transport‐intensive industry ‐ usage for housing: buildings are not suitable, enough vacant buildings for housing within closer distance and with better access to the town centre ‐ usage for social infrastructures in the fields of health, administration and sport facilities: existing sports facilities in town/region, buildings are not suitable – adaptions would induce high costs, …

Irrespective of the content and thematic future reorientation of the site, these considerations should be taken into account.

4 PART3B 2: PERFORMANCE OF THE AIL ASSESSMENT

4.1 INTRODUCTION8B AND SUMMARY

The aim of the assessment is to find problems and challenges and potentials regarding the spatial conditions. TUW analyzed, as already mentioned in chapter 3.1, the „territorial“ scale, the valley from Hieflau to Leoben and the municipality Eisenerz. The method subdivides in four main steps.

Steps of the assessment:

1) spatial exploration (on site and digital) to gain a first overview and impression of the site/region: TUW did site‐visits in January and March, both times with an inspection of the site and the halls. Important was the contact to local/regional stakeholders, in the frame of the site visit and in a discussion round. Inspections (once during the festival “Rostfest” once during the normal season) of the town Eisenerz was also important to get to know the settlement structures and to find out potentials beside problems and challenges. Problems and challenges are mostly connected with the strong population decrease (removal of buildings, vacancies); digital exploration via VR (Virtual Reality): „flying“ over the region in a 3D‐environment (Google Earth VR) and viewing of the local situation with 360° photos that have been taken on the site‐visit (360° photos are implemented in the 3D‐web‐visualization of WPT1!)

2) detailed analysis of different issues: • via on site research (get to know the region with all senses) • via collecting GIS data and elaborating maps • via collecting and processing statistical data • via contacting local/regional stakeholders (interview, discussion round) TUW and POLIMI analysed the natural environment and landscape, the settlement structure, the mobility framework and reachability as well as the supply and disposal infrastructure. (more details to the analyzed elements and formats see Table 1 (TUW) and Table 2 (POLIMI))

3) after the collection of all the different materials, TUW overlaps the results to find possible coherences between the analysis elements. Out of this step, problems and potentials can be derived Page | 29

4) as conclusion TUW and POLIMI defined problems and challenges as well as potentials of the municipality and region, which contain also some possible fields for action for the future development of the site. The results can be used for WPT3.

Figure 23: workflow of the methodology, edited by Simlab, 2019

Formats used:  own GIS based maps  existing GIS based maps (Styria GIS)  VR (Virtual Reality)  terrain sections  360° photos  photo documentation  diagrams  interviews / stakeholder discussion rounds  text analysis (of concepts)  descriptions (as texts)

4.2 ANALYSIS9B ELEMENTS REVIEW

Table 1: spatial and landscape analysis elements (TUW) Analysis Analysis Output Output usage Usefulness for this AIL frame element description

topography mapping and Identification of Very useful, as

and terrain qualitative possibilities and topography in region and description of the limitations* influences a lot of tal analysis topography via aspects of past, current landscape environmen contour lines and Basic preparation and future

Page | 30 terrain base map work to be able to developments in GIS; on‐site set urban designs research and and ideas in a photo spatial context. documentation (+360° photos) of Improves quality the terrain and and professional landscape; 3D appearance of model of the project outputs terrain, (renderings, implemented in models, designs) the web‐ visualization and in VR (Virtual Reality) – spatial exploration in a digital way location and mapping of the Identification of Very useful type of nature location of nature possibilities and a lot of areas around protected protected areas limitations* the pilot site are areas by Styrian nature protected areas protection law in No limitations, site GIS; description of does not lay in types of protected protected area areas and associated restrictions and rules land use mapping of the Basic information* useful land use (by on present land use CORINE Land cover) in GIS and Basic land use quantitative information helps interpretation to indicate former (chart) usage and illustrates frameworks for future use (sealed or paved soil) (see Fig. 13‐14) danger zones mapping of the Identification of Very useful, large areas danger zones (for possibilities and of the municipality lay flood, mountain limitations* in danger zones with torrents and limitations to future avalanches) via No limitations, site developments Styrian GIS does not lay in (official GIS danger zone platform of the state of Styria) (see Fig. 15‐16) and description of associated

Page | 31 restrictions by law visual on‐site research Usage mainly for Useful landscape and (visual analysis, landmarks impressions, sight preparation and axes) and photo presentation documentation of purposes – basic the overall information* to be appearance of the considered in landscape and of designs and important scenario landmarks developments that respect local conditions

From the pilot site there are sight axes to the ore mountain, visual relations to the adjoining hills – should be considered to raise identification of new developments with region

(see Fig. 20‐21) typology of mapping of the basic information* Very useful, because of the settlement to be considered in untypical settlement settlements structure and designs and structure for an “alpine” categorisation of scenario village different types of developments that structures respect local conditions

around the historically grown town centre there analysis are large housing estates with worker housing in multi‐storey settlement residential buildings from the early post‐war period

Older buildings from the end of the 19th century show the centuries‐old

Page | 32 industrial tradition in the region. conditions of on‐site research basic information* Very useful the buildings and photo for designs and stock documentation, scenario interview about developments the condition of the building stock On the pilot site (vacancies, age, there are several density, facilities) brick halls that are in rather poor condition, but worth preserving because of their valuable brick construction.

The big hall of former Pilkington and Alumelt companies is in very good condition, the integrated office space as well as sanitary rooms need modernisation. zoning on‐site research basic information* Very useful, as zoning classification and mapping of for scenario and classification is a legal (usage) usage of the urban design limitation building stock developments divided in different The definition of categories (e.g. zones and housing, trade, classification of the industry, mixed buildings stock usages) within these zones allows to identify links and future transformations within a broader perspective and moreover allows more flexible design approaches. (See Fig. 4 and 17) spatial qualitative information for Very useful, as concept development analysis of the designs and papers that have (not) concepts spatial scenario been implemented development plan developments that provide indications of

Page | 33 and it's aims and acknowledge long the strengths and measures, term development weaknesses of one's interview about plans, figuring out own project ideas. the challenges in which ideas already spatial came up within the development community.

The pilot site should keep its dedicated use as a zone for industrial manufacturing companies protected mapping of Basic information Useful buildings protected on restrictions and stock buildings and limitations* of associated changes of the restrictions building stock

No limitations ‐ none of the buildings located on the pilot site are protected road network mapping and basic accessibility Very useful and classes categorization of analysis Chance of limited the road network, access with trucks in main road the pilot site can be winter ‐> increases the connections accessed via a importance of the rather steep railway connection

road**, which is limited in height by a railway analysis underpass (4.5m), the closest highway can be reached within about 25 km accessibility via the Präbichl and

mountain road**. **In winter, snow chains are required network

for trucks. (see Fig. 2‐5) rail network mapping and Analysis of used Very useful, mobility and classes categorization of and unused rail Need for further the rail network, infrastructures, investigations on main rail kind of usage necessary investments connections (passenger or cargo into rail infrastructure transport) in design and planning phase The pilot site has

Page | 34 an rail link to the rail tracks connecting Eisenerz via Hieflau and Weißenbach/St. Gallen to the metal processing industries in Linz. The tracks to Hieflau are used for cargo transport only (see Fig. 2‐5) public qualitative and Basic accessibility Useful transport quantitative analysis system description of the public transport regional busses system with a bus once an hour on workdays and additionally school buses reachability, qualitative Basic accessibility Very useful accessibility description of the analysis; Enables reachability, the identification of mapping of possibilities and distances and limitations of the travel times existing mobility infrastructure grid

The accessibility studies provide information on the catchment areas of the labour force, sales markets and possibly competing regions. (see Fig. 2‐5) ICT supply description of the Identification of Very Useful connection to ICT possibilities and Need for further

supply (fixed‐line, limitations* investigation of mobile necessary investment

analysis communication The examination into ICT infrastructure disposal network, provides in design and planning

and broadband information on the phase (if data driven

network) presence/ absence and automated of production production processes or supply

infrastructure factors and facilities of higher necessary education are part of infrastructure the ideas)

Page | 35 investments. (see Fig. 18 and Fig. 19) water supply description of the Identification of Very Useful and disposal connection to possibilities and infrastructure water supply and limitations* disposal infrastructure sewage description of the Identification of Very Useful connection to possibilities and sewage system limitations* energy supply description of the Identification of Very Useful connection to possibilities and energy supply limitations* systems * Part of basic spatial planning research

Table 2: spatial and landscape analysis elements (POLIMI) Analysis frame Analysis Output Output usage Usefulness for elements description this AIL Green and blue Identification of Ecological and Very useful for elements all natural and environmental the future ‐ green areas environmental network regeneration or ‐ natural and elements development of protected areas AIL ‐ tree meadows ‐ rivers, streams,.. ‐ green connections

analysis ‐ landscape value

Ecosystem Mapping and Prioritization Useful for services qualitative definition and advocacy ‐ supporting description of the problem (awareness landscape services ecosystem identification in raising, and

(nutrient cycle (by selected relation to justification, and oxygen indicators) different decision support), production) synergies ecosystem ‐ provisioning assessment, services Communication priority setting,

Environmental (production of tool to initiate instrument food and water) discussion with design, spatial ‐ regulating stakeholders analysis. services (control visualizing the of climate and locations where disease) valuable ‐ cultural services ecosystem (spiritual and services are

Page | 36 recreational produced or used benefits) and explaining the relevance of ecosystem services to the public in their territory Territorial Mapping of Risk prevention Useful for fragilities territorial strategies defining fragilities and risk prevention areas Resilience strategies in a enhancement future development General awareness and overcoming Historical Mapping of the area Useful to enhance settlement and historical enhancement area and the next cultural heritage settlement surroundings in a structure and future area

buildings regeneration Industrial Mapping and Basic information Very useful in a settlement and qualitative to be considered transformation or analysis activities description of in designing regeneration industrial area (in scenario(s) process activity and development abandoned) Settlement Urban facilities Mapping of Basic information Very useful in a facilities to be considered transformation or in designing regeneration scenario(s) process development Infrastructural Mapping of Basic information Very useful in a network roads, railways to be considered transformation or

and all the in designing regeneration elements relevant scenario(s) process (upgrade to mobility development or weakening) analysis network (including public transport system) Accessibility, Qualitative Basic accessibility Very useful accessibility reachability description of the analysis enables and

reachability, the identification mapping of of possibilities distances and and limitations of network

travel times the existing mobility infrastructure

Mobility grid

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4.3 PERFORMANCE10B CONCLUSION

Which elements of the method were found crucial based on the results of the assessment and tables 1 and 2? Crucial for the analysis are the on‐site research including discussions with inhabitants and stakeholders to acquire local knowledge beside the obligatory desk research and virtual analysis. Furthermore, the development of utopian scenarios to define possible development pathways has turned out as a fruitful method gaining broad perspectives on possible developments.

3D based haptic models (or at least digital models) additionally allow examining and testing of (urban) designs and ideas in groups – we want to include them in further steps for the development of scenarios for the discussed pilot site.

What modifications of the method will be considered for future assessments of AIL? The approach/method outlined in the previous sections is not a linear working instruction, but investigates the spatial, social and functional environment of the pilot site, the municipality and the region as thematically broadly as possible and in as much detail as necessary. Depending on the unique circumstances found, it is necessary to adjust the dimensions of the investigations both spatially, thematically and also in an historical context. This leads to an iterative approach, from desk‐research to on‐site research and back to desk‐research (etc.). It should be noted that the research phase is never absolutely completed, even during the urban planning design and concept/idea development phases as new questions can arise.

The described method has already implemented the adaptation to the individual conditions of the respective AIL as a characteristic property. Accordingly, modifications of the future assessments of the respective AILs with the current setting cannot be determined yet without this iterative process.

Nevertheless, in the context of the advancing digitalization and the ever improving availability of data, it seems reasonable to extend the method by spatial simulation and modelling methods. Thus, a lot of information could be compiled faster and more efficiently by automating processes. By designing models, many aspects of planning decisions can be tested and simulated at an early stage. This leads to a better communication of the effects of planning decisions and thus to better decision bases for the responsible stakeholders. In further design steps and on within the upcoming pilot site spatial analysis we will focus more on digital simulation and modelling tools and presentation methodologies based on these technologies.

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5 PART4B 3: FEEDBACK OF THE REGIONAL PARTNER

Do you find the results useful and which ones?

The environmental and landscape analysis, the settlement analysis, the mobility and reachability analysis and the supply and disposal infrastructure analysis give a good overview of the situation and the regional embedding, highlighting the main challenges. Well done and interesting are the (3D‐ )visualisations. They can be useful in future also for other purposes apart from the trAILs site. The scenarios are well described and inspiring – they are easy to understand also for non‐experts. The visualisations (photomontage etc.) are very supportive; the sketches of possible future use are useful for further discussions in the region. E.g. the photomontage visualisations for the scenario “renaturation” give a very good feeling about how the site and its surroundings could look like in future.

All in all the assessment report provides good background information; parts of it may be useful for example for the creation of an investor brochure.

Have you learned something about the site that you did not know before? What was it?

The city region Eisenerz is already a well analysed region. In regard to the basic information of the site there was nothing really new to be learned from the report.

Will you be able to use any of the results and how?

The short and crisp summary and the graphical elements of the report could be useful in the future (e.g. investor brochure; or other purposes in the regional planning).

Will you be able to take any additional actions based on the assessment results, what are they?

The scenarios are a base for further discussions.

Which analysis elements are more useful (look at the spreadsheet 4.2 and appendix results)? Topography, terrain and industrial settlement analysis

Any suggestions to make this assessment method better?

Page | 39 It is suggested to perform a deeper analysis on the site itself: e.g. condition of buildings stock, typology of the buildings, 3D‐visualisations of the site, mapping of infrastructure (electricity, roads/rail etc.) & landuse in detail on the site; In regard also to the other assessments a good visualisation/map of the site is missing.

Page | 40 6 APPENDIX5B

6.1 APPENDIX1B A – SPATIAL AND LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS

Figure 23: Landscape and nature protection in Eisenerz. Edited by Simlab TUW, 2019; basedata: CORINE Landcover 2012

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Figure 24: landuse of Eisenerz (separated in buildt‐up areas, agricultural areas, forests and natural areas and waterareas) – computation by Simlab TU Wien, basedata: CORINE Land cover 2012

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Figure 25: Danger zones in cases of floods – HQ30 (dark blue area), HQ100 (light blue area), HQ300 (orange area) – cases for 30‐, 100‐ and 300‐annuality flood ‐ The term "annuality" describes the probability of the occurrence of a flood event with the corresponding outflow quantity. Source: GIS Land Steiermark

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Figure 26: Danger zones from torrents and avalanches. (red zone – building ban, yellow zone – building with strict observance of all defined restrictions possible)

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Figure 27: Land use plan – overview Eisenerz (pilot site: designated use – industrial and commercial area, edited by Simlab TU Wien (Stmk LReg 2019)

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Figure 28: connection to ICT infrastructure ‐ fixed‐line supply. Download speed. (see BMVIT 2018a)

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Figure 29: connection to ICT infrastructure ‐ mobile network coverage. Download speed. (see BMVIT 2018b)

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Figure 30: impression of the visual landscape with landmark Erzberg in the background – viewpoint in the front part of the pilot site. Soure: Simlab, TU Wien 2019

Figure 31: impression of the visual landscape with landmark Erzberg in the background – viewpoint behind the Alumelt/Pilkington hall in direction of the Erzberg. Soure: Simlab, TU Wien 2019

Page | 48 Sources:

ArcGIS 2018: ArcGIS Online Basemaps. Imagery (WGS84) https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=52bdc7ab7fb044d98add148764eaa30a , last viewed on 05.03.2019

BMVIT 2018a: Breitbandatlas ‐ fixed‐line supply. Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie. www.breitbandatlas.info , last viewed on 05.03.2019

BMVIT 2018b: Breitbandatlas ‐ fixed‐line supply. Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie. www.breitbandatlas.info , last viewed on 05.03.2019

Stmk LReg 2019: Digitaler Atlas Steiermark: Planung & Kataster. https://gis.stmk.gv.at/atlas/init.aspx?ks=das&karte=kat&cms=CMS_da&logo=gisstmk&project=dwBn AHUAXwA5AGQANAAwAGMAZAA2AGMANwA1ADkANwA0ADIAMAA3AGEAZgA0AGEAZgAxADMAZA BkADYAZAAzADYANQBhADQAXABQAGkAbABvAHQALQBTAGkAdABlACAARQBpAHMAZQBuAGUAcgB 6AA%3d%3d&redliningid=nnx5h2bte0fguzjeeseeysvy, last viewed on 07.03.2019

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