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The Bloodhound Guided Missile and the Hawker Harrier “Jump Jet”
Draft for joint Herbert Simon Institute/Manchester Institute of Innovation Research Seminar, 1st April 2011 Practice in Communities: how engineers create solutions ‐ the Bloodhound Guided Missile and the Hawker Harrier “jump jet”. Jonathan Aylen* and Mike Pryce* Manchester Institute of Innovation Research Manchester Business School University of Manchester “Every aeroplane is different ‐ a self‐optimising shambles” Ralph Hooper, Harrier project designer Aerospace engineers face the task of developing a project from overall design concept through to working prototype and on into sustained use. Engineers often work in small groups when developing an initial concept. Once the basic concept has been agreed they may work in similarly small groups, or as part of larger teams to develop key components of a system. At this stage key design tasks are defined and delegated and then the resulting components are tested and integrated to build a prototype (Vincenti, 1990). Individual sub‐assemblies are usually developed in parallel. So, aeronautical engineering is often seen as a cyclical process of analysis and synthesis, although in practice it is seldom so neat and linear, as the opening quote from a leading practitioner, Ralph Hooper, illustrates. The nature of engineering design is complex, with designers having to cope with many systems and components interacting in dynamic ways. The breadth and depth of knowledge required means no one person can carry out all the tasks of engineering design. Group or team working is essential. Engineering design is an innately social activity. However, mastering the specific skills of any one discipline, and also learning how to utilise the knowledge gained within the group or team, often depends on the abilities of key individuals. -
Pegasus Vectored-Thrust Turbofan Engine
Pegasus Vectored-thrust Turbofan Engine Matador Harrier Sea Harrier AV-8A International Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark 24 July 1993 International Air Tattoo '93 RAF Fairford The American Society of Mechanical Engineers I MECH E I NTERNATIONAL H ISTORIC M ECHANICAL E NGINEERING L ANDMARK PEGASUS V ECTORED-THRUST T URBOFAN ENGINE 1960 T HE B RISTOL AERO-ENGINES (ROLLS-R OYCE) PEGASUS ENGINE POWERED THE WORLD'S FIRST PRACTICAL VERTICAL/SHORT-TAKEOFF-AND-LANDING JET AIRCRAFT , THE H AWKER P. 1127 K ESTREL. USING FOUR ROTATABLE NOZZLES, ITS THRUST COULD BE DIRECTED DOWNWARD TO LIFT THE AIRCRAFT, REARWARD FOR WINGBORNE FLIGHT, OR IN BETWEEN TO ENABLE TRANSITION BETWEEN THE TWO FLIGHT REGIMES. T HIS ENGINE, SERIAL NUMBER BS 916, WAS PART OF THE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND IS THE EARLIEST KNOWN SURVIVOR. PEGASUS ENGINE REMAIN IN PRODUCTION FOR THE H ARRIER II AIRCRAFT. T HE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF M ECHANICAL ENGINEERS T HE INSTITUTION OF M ECHANICAL ENGINEERS 1993 Evolution of the Pegasus Vectored-thrust Engine Introduction cern resulted in a perceived need trol and stability problems associ- The Pegasus vectored for combat runways for takeoff and ated with the transition from hover thrust engine provides the power landing, and which could, if re- to wing-borne flight. for the first operational vertical quired, be dispersed for operation The concepts examined and short takeoff and landing jet from unprepared and concealed and pursued to full-flight demon- aircraft. The Harrier entered ser- sites. Naval interest focused on a stration included "tail sitting" types vice with the Royal Air Force (RAF) similar objective to enable ship- exemplified by the Convair XFY-1 in 1969, followed by the similar borne combat aircraft to operate and mounted jet engines, while oth- AV-8A with the United States Ma- from helicopter-size platforms and ers used jet augmentation by means rine Corps in 1971. -
2021-03 Pearcey Newby and the Vulcan V2.Pdf
Journal of Aeronautical History Paper 2021/03 Pearcey, Newby, and the Vulcan S C Liddle Vulcan to the Sky Trust ABSTRACT In 1955 flight testing of the prototype Avro Vulcan showed that the aircraft’s buffet boundary was unacceptably close to the design cruise condition. The Vulcan’s status as one of the two definitive carrier aircraft for Britain’s independent nuclear deterrent meant that a strong connection existed between the manufacturer and appropriate governmental research institutions, in this case the Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE) and the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). A solution was rapidly implemented using an extended and drooped wing leading edge, designed and high-speed wind-tunnel tested by K W Newby of RAE, subsequently being fitted to the scaled test version of the Vulcan, the Avro 707A. Newby’s aerodynamic solution exploited a leading edge supersonic-expansion, isentropic compression* effect that was being investigated at the time by researchers at NPL, including H H Pearcey. The latter would come to be associated with this ‘peaky’ pressure distribution and would later credit the Vulcan implementation as a key validation of the concept, which would soon after be used to improve the cruise efficiency of early British jet transports such as the Trident, VC10, and BAC 1-11. In turn, these concepts were exploited further in the Hawker-Siddeley design for the A300B, ultimately the basis of Britain’s status as the centre of excellence for wing design in Airbus. Abbreviations BS Bristol Siddeley L Lift D Drag M Mach number CL Lift Coefficient NPL National Physical Laboratory Cp Pressure coefficient RAE Royal Aircraft Establishment Cp.te Pressure coefficient at trailing edge RAF Royal Air Force c Chord Re Reynolds number G Load factor t Thickness HS Hawker Siddeley WT Wind tunnel HP Handley Page α Angle of Attack When the airflow past an aerofoil accelerates its pressure and temperature drop, and vice versa. -
Front Cover: Airbus 2050 Future Concept Aircraft
AEROSPACE 2017 February 44 Number 2 Volume Society Royal Aeronautical www.aerosociety.com ACCELERATING INNOVATION WHY TODAY IS THE BEST TIME EVER TO BE AN AEROSPACE ENGINEER February 2017 PROPELLANTLESS SPACE DRIVES – FLIGHTS OF FANCY? BOOM PLOTS RETURN TO SUPERSONIC FLIGHT INDIA’S NAVAL AIR POWER Have you renewed your Membership Subscription for 2017? Your membership subscription was due on 1 January 2017. As per the Society’s Regulations all How to renew: membership benefits will be suspended where Online: a payment for an individual subscription has Log in to your account on the Society’s www.aerosociety.com not been received after three months of the due website to pay at . If you date. However, this excludes members paying do not have an account, you can register online their annual subscriptions by Direct Debits in and pay your subscription straight away. monthly installments. Additionally members Telephone: Call the Subscriptions Department who are entitled to vote in the Society’s AGM on +44 (0)20 7670 4315 / 4304 will lose their right to vote if their subscription has not been paid. Cheque: Cheques should be made payable to the Royal Aeronautical Society and sent to the Don’t lose out on your membership benefits, Subscriptions Department at No.4 Hamilton which include: Place, London W1J 7BQ, UK. • Your monthly subscription to AEROSPACE BACS Transfer: Pay by Bank Transfer (or by magazine BACS) into the Society’s bank account, quoting • Use of your RAeS post nominals as your name and membership number. Bank applicable details: • Over 400 global events yearly • Discounted rates for conferences Bank: HSBC plc • Online publications including Society News, Sort Code: 40-05-22 blogs and podcasts Account No: 01564641 • Involvement with your local branch BIC: MIDLGB2107K • Networking opportunities IBAN: GB52MIDL400522 01564641 • Support gaining Professional Registration • Opportunities & recognition with awards and medals • Professional development and support .. -
The Connection
The Connection ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. Copyright 2011: Royal Air Force Historical Society First published in the UK in 2011 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISBN 978-0-,010120-2-1 Printed by 3indrush 4roup 3indrush House Avenue Two Station 5ane 3itney O72. 273 1 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President 8arshal of the Royal Air Force Sir 8ichael Beetham 4CB CBE DFC AFC Vice-President Air 8arshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KCB CBE AFC Committee Chairman Air Vice-8arshal N B Baldwin CB CBE FRAeS Vice-Chairman 4roup Captain J D Heron OBE Secretary 4roup Captain K J Dearman 8embership Secretary Dr Jack Dunham PhD CPsychol A8RAeS Treasurer J Boyes TD CA 8embers Air Commodore 4 R Pitchfork 8BE BA FRAes 3ing Commander C Cummings *J S Cox Esq BA 8A *AV8 P Dye OBE BSc(Eng) CEng AC4I 8RAeS *4roup Captain A J Byford 8A 8A RAF *3ing Commander C Hunter 88DS RAF Editor A Publications 3ing Commander C 4 Jefford 8BE BA 8anager *Ex Officio 2 CONTENTS THE BE4INNIN4 B THE 3HITE FA8I5C by Sir 4eorge 10 3hite BEFORE AND DURIN4 THE FIRST 3OR5D 3AR by Prof 1D Duncan 4reenman THE BRISTO5 F5CIN4 SCHOO5S by Bill 8organ 2, BRISTO5ES -
The Raf Harrier Story
THE RAF HARRIER STORY ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY 2 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the contributors concerned and are not necessarily those held by the Royal Air Force Historical Society. Copyright 2006: Royal Air Force Historical Society First published in the UK in 2006 by the Royal Air Force Historical Society All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing. ISBN 0-9530345-2-6 Printed by Advance Book Printing Unit 9 Northmoor Park Church Road Northmoor OX29 5UH 3 ROYAL AIR FORCE HISTORICAL SOCIETY President Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir Michael Beetham GCB CBE DFC AFC Vice-President Air Marshal Sir Frederick Sowrey KCB CBE AFC Committee Chairman Air Vice-Marshal N B Baldwin CB CBE FRAeS Vice-Chairman Group Captain J D Heron OBE Secretary Group Captain K J Dearman Membership Secretary Dr Jack Dunham PhD CPsychol AMRAeS Treasurer J Boyes TD CA Members Air Commodore H A Probert MBE MA *J S Cox Esq BA MA *Dr M A Fopp MA FMA FIMgt *Group Captain N Parton BSc (Hons) MA MDA MPhil CEng FRAeS RAF *Wing Commander D Robertson RAF Wing Commander C Cummings Editor & Publications Wing Commander C G Jefford MBE BA Manager *Ex Officio 4 CONTENTS EARLY HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES AND EMERGING 8 STAFF TARGETS by Air Chf Mshl Sir Patrick Hine JET LIFT by Prof John F Coplin 14 EVOLUTION OF THE PEGASUS VECTORED -
The Bloodhound Guided Missile and the Hawker Harrier “Jump Jet”
The University of Manchester Research Practice in Communities: how engineers create solutions the Bloodhound Guided Missile and the Hawker Harrier “jump jet”. Link to publication record in Manchester Research Explorer Citation for published version (APA): Aylen, J., & Pryce, M. (2011). Practice in Communities: how engineers create solutions the Bloodhound Guided Missile and the Hawker Harrier “jump jet”. In host publication Published in: host publication Citing this paper Please note that where the full-text provided on Manchester Research Explorer is the Author Accepted Manuscript or Proof version this may differ from the final Published version. If citing, it is advised that you check and use the publisher's definitive version. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the Research Explorer are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Takedown policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please refer to the University of Manchester’s Takedown Procedures [http://man.ac.uk/04Y6Bo] or contact [email protected] providing relevant details, so we can investigate your claim. Download date:29. Sep. 2021 Draft for joint Herbert Simon Institute/Manchester Institute of Innovation Research Seminar, 1st April 2011 Practice in Communities: how engineers create solutions ‐ the Bloodhound Guided Missile and the Hawker Harrier “jump jet”. Jonathan Aylen* and Mike Pryce* Manchester Institute of Innovation Research Manchester Business School University of Manchester “Every aeroplane is different ‐ a self‐optimising shambles” Ralph Hooper, Harrier project designer Aerospace engineers face the task of developing a project from overall design concept through to working prototype and on into sustained use. -
Servo Chatter Sunday 13Th May No
Remember all the PALMERSTON NORTH AER ONEERS wonderful women in your life this Mother’s Day Servo Chatter Sunday 13th May No. 191 May 2018 Hamish’s Formost 150 Jet 1. Focus on Hamish’s jet 8. Buddy Box and Editor 2. Focus 9. Buddy Box 3. President and club captain 10. From the news desk 4. Results—Vintage 11. Events 5. Results—Tomboy 12. Events Index Indoor 13. Loop, roll competition 6. Club night 14. Your club 7. Club night Front Page Focus Formost 150 Pilot: Hamish Loveridge Hamish brought the ARF Vertigo kitset and took about a year to assemble it. The kit was designed for a 140-160 glow engine as a pusher however Hamish decided on a PST800R turbine which fitted. Due to the power plant change there were modifications made to the structure to prevent mid flight disassembly. The fuse is fibreglass painted in 2 pack paint and the 2 metre wings and stabs covered with Oracova. The colour scheme is nothing like it was when it was lifted out of the box. Over the last 8 years the plane has done a lot of fly- ing, the data does it has 25 hours on the clock which works out to be around 185 flights. The model holds 2 litres of A1 jet which allows enough for an 8 minute flight. Max RPM is 153000RPM and Idle is 53000RPM. The model has ProLink retracts and trailing link legs, BVM wheels and brakes. Two 2100mah Lipo rx batteries and one 4000mah battery for the onboard computer and starter motor. -
SWW SIA Annexes
South West England and South East Wales Science and Innovation Audit Annexes A–F Annex A: Consortium membership, governance and consultation Annex B: Universities, Colleges and Research Organisations Annex C: LEPs and Local Authorities within SIA area Annex D: Science Parks and Innovation Centres Annex E: Theme Rationale Annex F: LEP / Welsh Government Strategic Alignment A Science and Innovation Audit Report sponsored by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy A–F Annex A: Consortium membership, governance and consultation Consortium Membership The following organisations were members of the South West England and South East Wales Science and Innovation Audit consortium, and were consulted during the development of the Expression of Interest, and subsequently during the SIA process. Business Aardman General Dynamics UK AgustaWestland / Finmeccanica Gooch & Housego Airbus in the UK Goonhilly Earth Station Ltd. Airbus Defence & Space (formerly HiETA Technologies Ltd. Cassidian) Airbus Group Innovations UK Huawei Airbus Group Endeavr Wales Ltd IBM Global Business Services Andromeda Capital IQE plc BAE Systems Johnson Matthey plc BBC Oracle Boeing Defence UK Ltd. Ortho Clinical Diagnostics Bristol is Open Ltd. Renishaw Broadcom UK Rolls Royce Centre For Modelling and Simulation South West Water ClusterHQ Toshiba Research Cray Watershed EDF Energy R&D UK Centre Wavehub First Group plc LEPs Cornwall and Isles of Scilly LEP Swindon and Wiltshire LEP GFirst (Gloucestershire) LEP West of England LEP Heart of the South West -
Suborbital Reusable Launch Vehicles and Applicable Markets
SUBORBITAL REUSABLE LAUNCH VEHICLES AND APPLICABLE MARKETS Prepared by J. C. MARTIN and G. W. LAW Space Launch Support Division Space Launch Operations October 2002 Space Systems Group THE AEROSPACE CORPORATION El Segundo, CA 90245-4691 Prepared for U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE OFFICE OF SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION Herbert C. Hoover Building 14th and Constitution Ave., NW Washington, DC 20230 (202) 482-6125, 482-5913 Contract No. SB1359-01-Z-0020 PUBLIC RELEASE IS AUTHORIZED Preface This report has been prepared by The Aerospace Corporation for the Department of Commerce, Office of Space Commercialization, under contract #SB1359-01-Z-0020. The objective of this report is to characterize suborbital reusable launch vehicle (RLV) concepts currently in development, and define the military, civil, and commercial missions and markets that could capitalize on their capabilities. The structure of the report includes a brief background on orbital vs. suborbital trajectories, as well as an overview of expendable and reusable launch vehicles. Current and emerging market opportunities for suborbital RLVs are identified and discussed. Finally, the report presents the technical aspects and program characteristics of selected U.S. and international suborbital RLVs in development. The appendix at the end of this report provides further detail on each of the suborbital vehicles, as well as the management biographies for each of the companies. The integration of suborbital RLVs with existing airports and/or spaceports, though an important factor that needs to be evaluated, was not the focus of this effort. However, it should be noted that the RLV concepts discussed in this report are being designed to minimize unique facility requirements. -
Space 2030 – Tackling Society's Challenges
_it E d e it Space 2030 s io w n TACKLING SOCIETY’S CHALLENGES Spaceo 2030 r In coming decades, governments will increasingly be confronted with enduring ly societal challenges, including threats to the physical environment and B n the management of natural resources and issues relating to major trends that will TACKLING SOCIETY’S shape society at large: growing mobility and its consequences, increasing security O e D concerns, and a gradual shift to the information society. CHALLENGES d l C u Tackling these challenges effectively will not be easy. It will require consistent, a sustained, co-ordinated efforts over long periods of time. Space can help E e e in this regard. Indeed, space technology offers inherent strengths, such as O R s non-intrusive, ubiquitous coverage, dissemination of information over broad areas, rapid deployment and global navigation capability. Space systems may be able n e A r to provide effective support to public action, if appropriate space applications that tu fully meet users’ needs can be developed in a timely manner. L e c SPACE 2030 SPACE This book explores what this contribution might be. It discusses the challenges for developing space applications. It assesses the strengths and weaknesses of the institutional, legal and regulatory frameworks that currently govern space activities in the OECD area and beyond. Finally, it formulates an overall policy framework that OECD governments might use in drafting policies designed to : ensure that the potential that space has to offer is actually realised. Challenges Society’s Tackling OECD’s books, periodicals and statistical databases are now available via www.SourceOECD.org, our online library. -
Newsletter No.28
NEWSLETTER NUMBER 28 - AUTUMN 2010 Published by The Hawker Association for the Members Website: www.hawkerassociation.org.uk EDITORIAL We have a very significant anniversary coming up in November - 50 years since the first hover of Ralph Hooper’s P.1127 prototype, XP831. Spare a moment to consider what this first step led to and how much the lives of many of us were influenced by it. We owe Ralph, and Gordon Lewis (who sadly died in October), Bristol’s BE53 designer, a great debt of gratitude. Our traditional Christmas Lunch is coming up; please note that the date is 8th December , not 15 th as given in earlier Newsletters. A Membership renewal form went out with NL.26 …but 94 of you , including 24 for 2009/10 and 12 from 2008/9, have still not responded. Please help your hard working Secretary by paying up! Send your £5 cheques to Barry Pegram at 12 Becket Wood, Newdigate, Surrey, RH5 5AQ. If you are not renewing please call Barry, anyway, so we can take you off the mailing list. Also, please keep sending your Newsletter contributions to: The Editor, Chris Farara, 24 Guildown Road, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 4EN Telephone 01483 825955; e-mail PROGRAMME FOR 2010 Wednesday 10 th November The BAE Systems Heritage Programme. John L Parker. Wednes day 8 th December Christmas Lunch with partners;12.30 at the Hawker Centre. Tickets for the Christmas Lunch at £16 can be bought from Ken Batstone at the November meeting or you can ’phone him on 01932 229938 then send him a cheque.