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Religious Freedom Project BERKLEY CENTER for Religion, Peace & World Affairs GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY Religious Freedom Project BERKLEY CENTER for Religion, Peace & World Affairs GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY Muslim Minorities and Religious Freedom: A Public Dialogue December 15, 2014 In partnership with the Institute for Studies of Religion at Baylor University About the Religious Freedom Project The Religious Freedom Project (RFP) at Georgetown University’s Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs is the nation’s only university-based program devoted exclusively to the analysis of religious freedom, a basic human right restricted in many parts of the world. Under the leadership of Director Thomas Farr and Associate Director Timothy Shah, the RFP engages a team of in- ternational scholars to examine and debate the meaning and value of religious liberty; its importance for democracy; and its role in social and economic development, international diplomacy, and the struggle against violent religious extremism. The RFP began in 2011 with the generous support of the John Templeton Foundation. In 2014 that support con- tinued, while the project also began a three-year partnership with Baylor University and its Institute for Studies of Religion under Director Byron Johnson. For more information about the RFP’s research, teaching, publications, conferences, and workshops, visit our web- site at http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/rfp. About the Berkley Center for Religion, Peace & World Affairs The Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs at Georgetown University, created within the Office of the President in 2006, is dedicated to the interdisciplinary study of religion, ethics, and public life. Through research, teaching, and service, the center explores global challenges of democracy and human rights; economic and social de- velopment; international diplomacy; and interreligious understanding. Two premises guide the center’s work: that a deep examination of faith and values is critical to address these challenges, and that the open engagement of religious and cultural traditions with one another can promote peace. Acknowledgements The research for this RFP publication was carried out in collaboration with the Institute for Studies of Religion at Baylor University. This publication was made possible through the support of a grant from the John Templeton Foundation. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the John Templeton Foundation. 2 BERKLEY CENTER FOR RELIGION, PEACE & WORLD AFFAIRS AT GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY RELIGIOUS FREEDOM PROJECT — DECMEBER 2014 Introduction On December 15, 2014, the Religious Freedom Project—in partnership with Baylor University’s Institute for Studies of Religion— assembled scholars, experts, and activists for a dynamic, robust examination of Muslim minorities around the world and their struggles with religious freedom. Questions addressed at the conference included the following: How has the persecution of Muslim minorities affected their well- being in Europe and North America, the overall health of Muslim-majority nations, and the growth of violent Islamist extremism? Are Muslim minorities developing theologies that can bolster religious freedom, stable democracy, and economic growth, as well as undermine violent Islamist extremism? Our keynote conversation featured three of the most influential public intellectuals in the United States—Robert George, McCor- mick Professor of Jurisprudence at Princeton University; John Esposito, founding director of Prince Alwaleed bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding at Georgetown University; and Shaykh Hamza Yusuf, co-founder of Zaytuna College. The rich backgrounds of our speakers enabled us to delve into the varying experiences of Muslim minorities inside and outside the West, and to explore how those minorities could contribute to promoting religious freedom, stable democracy, and economic growth. We also hosted three panels. The first, “Muslim Minorities in Europe,” focused on the challenges faced by Muslim minorities in Europe and how these difficulties shape their participation in the larger global Muslim community. The second, “Muslim Minorities in North America,” conducted a lively discussion that revealed some of the deep differences that exist within the American Muslim community regarding questions of Islam and religious freedom. The closing panel featured two of the world’s most eminent scholars of Islam, Timur Kuran of Duke University and Abdullah Saeed of the University of Melbourne. In a fascinating and revealing conversation, Kuran and Saaed explored how growing global restric- tions on religious freedom have affected both the economic and the political well-being of Muslim individuals and communities. The conference’s investigation of these issues was both winsome and enlightening. It not only drew attention to the foundational significance of religious freedom as a fundamental human right, but also provided practical suggestions for religious communities and political leaders who can see the value of advancing religious freedom as a path to peace, stability, and economic growth. Read on. We think this volume will add to your understanding of the meaning and value of religious freedom both here and abroad. BERKLEY CENTER FOR RELIGION, PEACE & WORLD AFFAIRS AT GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY RELIGIOUS FREEDOM PROJECT — DECMEBER 2014 3 Program Welcome Thomas Farr, Director, Religious Freedom Project Muslim Minorities in Europe Moderator: Jennifer Bryson, Executive Director, Zephyr Institute Panelists: Jocelyne Cesari, Senior Fellow, Berkley Center for Religion, Peace & World Affairs Kübra Gümüsay, Media Consultant, Saïd Business School, University of Oxford Maajid Nawaz, Liberal Democrat Parliamentary Candidate, United Kingdom Keynote Conversation: Muslim Communities Around the World Moderator: Robert P. George, McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence and Director of the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions, Princeton University Panelists: John Esposito, Founding Director, Prince Alwaleed bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding, Georgetown University Hamza Yusuf, Co-founder, Zaytuna College; Advisor to the Center for Islamic Studies, Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, California Muslim Minorities in North America Moderator: Timothy Samuel Shah, Associate Director, Religious Freedom Project Panelists: Zareena Grewal, Associate Professor of American Studies and Religious Studies, Yale University Zuhdi Jasser, Founder and President, American Islamic Forum for Democracy Farid Senzai, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Santa Clara University Closing Conversation: The Economic and Political Effects of Restrictions on Religion Moderator: Daniel Philpott, Associate Scholar, Religious Freedom Project; Director, Center for Civil and Human Rights, University of Notre Dame Panelists: Timur Kuran, Professor of Economics and Political Science and Gorter Family Professor of Islamic Studies, Duke University; Associate Scholar, Religious Freedom Project Abdullah Saeed, Director, National Center of Excellence for Islamic Studies; Sultan of Oman Professor of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Melbourne 4 BERKLEY CENTER FOR RELIGION, PEACE & WORLD AFFAIRS AT GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY RELIGIOUS FREEDOM PROJECT — DECMEBER 2014 Muslim Minorities in Europe THOMAS FARR: On behalf of the Religious Freedom Project, We do that through conferences such as this one, through a I would like to welcome to all of you. This is a great turnout, and vigorous online presence including a dynamic webpage, and we’re delighted you’re all here. Today’s event will focus on the ex- through our new blog, which is called Cornerstone. It is, so far perience of Muslim minorities around the world. It’s another in as we know, the only blog in the world dedicated exclusively to a series of public conferences sponsored by the Berkley Center’s religious freedom. Please visit Cornerstone for some of the most Religious Freedom Project, which today has been joined in a vigorous, illuminating, and entertaining debates on religious lib- strategic partnership with Baylor University’s Institute for Stud- erty that you will find anywhere. This week, I believe, we’re going ies of Religion directed by Professor Byron Johnson. We’re very to be highlighting some of the issues that we’re discussing today, proud of this, as far as I know, unprecedented partnership be- from various perspectives as always. tween the oldest Catholic university in the land—Georgetown University—and one of the oldest Baptist universities in the The RFP also funds a team of scholars, both here and abroad, to United States and the largest Baptist university in the world— conduct research and to write books and articles on the relation- Baylor. ship between religious freedom and other goods, such as eco- nomic growth and the consolidation of democracy. We do con- Now, the premise of the Religious Freedom Project is that reli- gressional and parliamentary testimonies, workshops with and gious freedom is very important for individuals, whether they’re for government officials here and abroad, media appearances, religious or not, and for all societies everywhere. Notwithstand- and, of course, books and articles. We’re also beginning this year ing its importance, however, we believe religious freedom is in a competitive dissertation fellowship program for Ph.D. students global crisis. And yet, it is too often neglected by scholars, by the who are interested in writing their dissertations on the subject
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