Implementasi Prinsip Non-Intervensi Sebagai Asean Way Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Penyelesaian Sengketa Secara Damai Atas Pelanggaran Ham Di Negara-Negara Anggota

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Implementasi Prinsip Non-Intervensi Sebagai Asean Way Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Penyelesaian Sengketa Secara Damai Atas Pelanggaran Ham Di Negara-Negara Anggota IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP NON-INTERVENSI SEBAGAI ASEAN WAY DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA SECARA DAMAI ATAS PELANGGARAN HAM DI NEGARA-NEGARA ANGGOTA SKRIPSI Oleh ILHAM PUTRA DEWANTA No. Mahasiswa: 14410553 PROGRAM STUDI (S1) ILMU HUKUM FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA YOGYAKARTA 2018 i IMPLEMENTASI PRINSIP NON-INTERVENSI SEBAGAI ASEAN WAY DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA SECARA DAMAI ATAS PELANGGARAN HAM DI NEGARA-NEGARA ANGGOTA SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk Memenuhi Sebagian Persyaratan Guna Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana (Strata-1) pada Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia Yogyakarta Oleh: ILHAM PUTRA DEWANTA No. Mahasiswa: 14410553 PROGRAM STUDI (S1) ILMU HUKUM FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA YOGYAKARTA 2018 ii iii iv v Kata Pengantar Alhamdulillah, atas limpahan rahmat dan ridha Allah SWT, sehingga penulisan Tugas Akhir yang berjudul “Implementasi Prinsip Non-Intervensi Sebagai ASEAN way dan Implikasinya Terhadap Penyelesaian Sengketa Secara Damai atas Pelanggaran HAM di Negara-Negara Anggota” dapat diselesaikan. Salawat dan salam kepada Rasulallah Muhammad SAW, sebagai uswatun hasanah dalam segala aspek kehidupan, termasuk keteladanan dalam hal keilmuan. Penulisan ini ditujukan sebagai salah satu syarat dalam memperoleh gelar Sarjana Hukum pada Program Studi Ilmu Hukum, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Indonesia. Keputusan untuk memilih topik penelitian ini muncul tatkala penulis sedang berdiskusi ringan dengan Prof. Jawahir Thontowi mengenai organisasi ASEAN. Tak disangka dari diskusi ringan tersebut memantik rasa keingintahuan penulis untuk mengkaji lebih dalam mengenai prinsip ‘ASEAN way’ yang penuh pro dan kontra. Pada akhirnya, penulis berkeinginan untuk melakukan penulisan Tugas Akhir mengenai topik tersebut dengan Prof. Jawahir Thontowi sebagai Dosen Pembimbing. Setelah melakukan konsultasi dengan beliau, akhirnya Prof. Jawahir Thontowi berkenan menjadi pembimbing dalam penulisan Tugas Akhir dengan topik yang difokuskan pada prinsp non-intervensi ASEAN way. Atas terselesaikannya penulisan ini, tidak terlepas dari peran aktor-aktor yang begitu berjasa dalam penyelenggaraan penulisan ini. Oleh karena itu, perkenankanlah penulis untuk menyampaikan rasa terima kasih kepadanya: vi 1. Penulis haturkan terima kasih yang tak terhingga kepada Prof. Jawahir Thontowi S.H., Ph.D yang bukan hanya sebagai dosen pembimbing, namun sebagai inspirator penulis sejak semester pertama mengarungi dunia perkuliahan di Fakultas Hukum UII. 2. Kedua orang tua penulis, yang senantiasa berdoa untuk keberhasilan anaknya dalam menempuh kehidupan, aku selalu merasakan doa kalian mengalir di nadiku. Semoga keselamatan dan ridho Allah selalu tercurah atas kalian berdua. 3. Seluruh guru penulis di Fakultas Hukum UII yang telah membukakan jendela cakrawala pengetahuan terhadap penulis. Sujitno S.H., M.H., Dr. M. Busyro Muqodas S.H., M.Hum., Dr. Suparman Marzuki S.H., M.Si., Abdul Kholiq SH., M.Hum., serta dosen pengajar lain di Fakultas Hukum UII. Terima kasih atas setiap waktu yang mengilhami di dalam kelas perkuliahan. 4. Rektor Universitas Islam Indonesia, Dekan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia, beserta seluruh Pimpinan Universitas dan Pimpinan Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Islam Indonesia. 5. Terima kasih seluruh kawan di CLDS (Centre Leadership Development Studies). Khususnya, Mas Agung Kurniawan S.H M.H., yang telah mengenalkan CLDS dan seluruh buku yang begitu membantu dalam penyelenggaraan kehidupan sebagai akademisi. Terkhusus, Prf. Hamdan Z. S.H., Julio Iqbal S.H., Annisa Ope S.H., Sabiq Muhammad, Nub Zippo Surya, Paul, dan Faisol, Siti Nabila. vii 6. Kawan di ‘Mordelente’ dimana kita memiliki kemiripan visi-misi, dan saling mendukung satu-sama lain dalam setiap hal kebaikan. Muhammad Ucup S.H, Adib Najih S.H., Ryan Kharisma S.H, Muhammad Rifqy S.H, Arrasyid S.H., Danang Setiawan, Haryo Seno Aji, Firman Tornado, Ade Harahap, Bobby dan Fahlur. Kuberdoa akan kesuksesan kalian semua. 7. Sahabat ‘F4’, untuk pertemanan kita sejak SMA. Arkha Aji S.E, Harry Nursetrya dan Fahmi. 8. Kawan ‘Komunitas Peradilan Semu (KPS)”. Khususnya M. Iqbal Rahman & Affansyah Ken biang pembuat onar yang membuat KPS menyenangkan. Tidak lupa pula Thanks to Arih Filian punggawa KPS yang not kaleng- kaleng. 9. Kawan ‘Anak Lurah’ dimana kebersamaan kita dalam waktu yang begitu singkat dan membekas. Oza Haq, Citra laili, Fajar, Annisa, Fichri, Wira, Getar, Arfa, Begog, Dadan dan kalian semua yang tak bisa tersebut. 10. Kawan ‘Ganesa’ dimana kalian mengabdi untuk desa tercinta. Pak Ketum Dhaoni, Fauzi Waskito yang sedikit banyak mengenalkan saya tentang FH UII, Sandy, Rahmat Setyawan dan kalian seterusnya. 11. My Important Friend, Ardian Agung S.E. Aka Ting best player sea (lie), dengan mas Bor yang senantiasa mendistraksi penulisan skripsi ini. 12. My House of Fun girl, agak lama kuliahnya, karena santai saja, tapi untung tidak jadi 2020 kan lulusnya? 13. Untuk kalian semua handai-taulan yang kebetulan saja belum tersebut, I Love U ALL!!! viii Pada akhirnya, semoga Allah SWT memberikan balasan yang berlipat ganda atas segala bantuan yang telah kalian berikan. Hasil penulisan Tugas Akhir ini tiadalah sempurna, begitu disadari penulis akan berbagai kekurangan yang menyertai. Oleh karena itu penulis akan selalu terbuka untuk kritik dan saran dari semua pihak demi pengembangan tulisan ini. Sepercik harapan dari penulis agar tulisan ini dapat memberikan manfaat dan pengetahuan terhadap dunia akademis, khususnya di lingkungan Fakultas Hukum UII. Amin ya Rabbal ‘Alamin. Bantul, 14 November 2018 Ilham Putra Dewanta ix Daftar Isi HALAMAN SAMPUL ............................................................................................... i HALAMAN JUDUL .................................................................................................. ii HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ..................................................... iii HALAMAMAN PENGUJI PENDADARAN ......................................................... iv HALAMAN ORISINALITAS ................................................................................... v KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................... vi DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................. ix BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................ 1 A. Latar Belakang ................................................................................................ 1 B. Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................... 10 C. Maksud dan Tujuan ...................................................................................... 10 D. Landasan Teori ............................................................................................. 11 E. Metode Penelitian ......................................................................................... 33 BAB II PENERAPAN PRINSIP NON-INTERVENSI DALAM KERANGKA HUKUM ASEAN DAN PBB .................................................................................... 36 A. ASEAN Way .................................................................................................. 36 B. Prinsip Non-Intervensi Dalam Kerangka Hukum PBB ............................... 40 C. Konsep Intervensi Menurut Piagam PBB .................................................... 45 1. Intervensi Bersenjata ............................................................................... 45 2. Intervensi Non-Bersenjata ........................................................................ 54 D. Prinsip Non-Intervensi Dalam Kerangka Hukum ASEAN .......................... 56 1. Deklarasi ASEAN (ASEAN Declaration 1967) ........................................ 58 2. Perjanjian Persahabatan Dan Kerjasama (Treaty Amity and Cooperation 1967) ........................................................................................................ 62 3. Zona Perdamaian, Kebebasan, dan Netralitas (Zone of Peace, Freedom, and Neutrality 1971) ................................................................................ 65 4. Piagam ASEAN (ASEAN Charter 2008) .................................................. 70 5. Berbagai Instrumen Hukum Lain ............................................................. 75 BAB III IMPLIKASI PENERAPAN PRINSIP NON-INTERVENSI ASEAN DALAM PENYELESAIAN BERBAGAI KONFLIK REGIONAL DAN BERBAGAI UPAYA MENGATASI KELEMAHAN PRINSIP NON- INTERVENSI ........................................................................................................... 77 x A. Kasus Sengketa Laut China Selatan ........................................................... 77 B. Kasus Konflik Perbatasan Thailand dan Kamboja (Kasus Kuil Phreah Vihear) ........................................................................................................ 93 C. Kasus Pelanggaran HAM Myanmar (Etnis Rohingya) ............................ 107 D. Kasus Pemberontakan Mindanao Di Filipina Selatan (Bangsamoro) ...... 117 BAB IV BERBAGAI GAGASAN DALAM MENGATASI KELEMAHAN PRINSIP NON-INTERVENSI ............................................................................. 135 A. Keterlibatan Konstruktif Constructive Engagement (1980) .................... 135 B. Intervensi Konstruktif Constructive Intervention (1997) ......................... 139 C. Flexible Engagement (1998) ...................................................................
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