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Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Tentang Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup

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Kebijakan Hukum Pidana Tentang Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA TENTANG PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP TESIS Oleh : RADEN HERU WIBOWO SUKATEN,SH. Nomor Mhs : 09912430 BKU : HUKUM PIDANA Program Studi : Ilmu Hukum PROGRAM MAGISTER (S2) ILMU HUKUM PROGRAM PASCASARJANA FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA 2013 PASCA SARJANA FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA Telah disetujui oleh : Dosen Pembimbing II, Dosen Pembimbing I, ABDUL KHOLIQ,SH.,MH. Dr.H.RUSLI MUHAMMAD,SH.,MH Mengetahui, Ketua Program Dr.Hj.Ni’matul Huda,SH.,M.Hum. MATRIK PENELITIAN HUKUM DOKTRINER dibuat untuk memenuhi tugas MATA KULIAH METODE PENELITIAN HUKUM Dosen : DR. Mudzakkir, SH.MH. Oleh : Nama : RADEN HERU WIBOWO SUKATEN,SH. NPM : 09912430. PROGRAM PASCA SARJANA FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA 2009 DAFTAR DOSEN smt I : 1. FILSAFAT HUKUM : 1. Prof. Dr. B. Arief Sidharta, SH. 2. Drs. Rohidin, MAg. 2. Teori Hukum : 1. Dr. Salman Luthan, SH.MH. 2. Dr. Mudzakkir SH.MH. 3. Politik Hukum : 1. H. Arif Setiawan, SH.MH. 2. Prof. Dr. H. Moh. Mahfud MD, SH.SU. 4. Metode Penelitian Hukum : 1. Dr. Mudzakkir,SH.MH. 2. M. Syamsudin, SH.MHum. 5. Sosiologi Hukum : 1. Jawahir Thontowi SH.MHum. 2. H.E. Zaenal Abidin, SH.MS.MPA. 6. Hukum dan Pembangunan : 1. Prof. Erman Rajagukguk, SH.LLm.Ph.D. 2. Nandang Sutrisno, SH.LLM.MHum.Pd.D. KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA TENTANG PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP TESIS Oleh : RADEN HERU WIBOWO SUKATEN,SH. Nomor Mhs : 09912430 BKU : HUKUM PIDANA Program Studi : Ilmu Hukum PROGRAM MAGISTER ILMU HUKUM PROGRAM PASCASARJANA FAKULTAS HUKUM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM INDONESIA 2013 i ii KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA TENTANG PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP TESIS Oleh : RADEN HERU WIBOWO SUKATEN,SH. Nomor Mhs : 09912430 BKU : HUKUM PIDANA Program Studi : Ilmu Hukum Telah diperiksa dan disetujui oleh Dosen Pembimbing untuk diajukan ke Dewan Penguji dalam ujian tesis Pembimbing I Dr.H.Rusli Muhammad,SH.,MH Yogyakarta, 4 November 2012 Pembimbing II M. Abdul Kholiq,SH.,MH. Yogyakarta, 22 September 2012 Mengetahui Ketua Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia Dr.Hj.Ni’matul Huda,SH.,M.Hum. ii iii KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA TENTANG PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP TESIS Oleh : RADEN HERU WIBOWO SUKATEN,SH. Nomor Mhs : 09912430 BKU : HUKUM PIDANA Program Studi : Ilmu Hukum Telah diujikan dihadapan Tim Penguji dalam Ujian Akhir/Tesis dan dinyatakan LULUS pada Jum’at, 21 Desember 2012 Pembimbing 1 Dr. H. Rusli Muhammad, SH.MH. Yogyakarta, ....... Januari 2013 Pembimbing 2 M. Abdul Kholiq, SH.MH. Yogyakarta, ....... Januari 2013 Anggota Penguji Dr. Artidjo Alkostar, SH.LLM. Yogyakarta, ....... Januari 2013 Mengetahui Ketua Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia Dr. Hj. Ni’matul Huda, S.H., M.Hum. iii HALAMAN MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN o “Dan hendaklah ada di antara kamu segolongan umat yang menyeru kepada kebajikan, menyuruh kepada yang ma’ruf dan mencegah dari yang munkar, merekalah orang-orang yang beruntung.” (Q.S. Ali Imran [3]: 104 ) o Mersudi patitising tindak pusakane titising hening. (PPS Betako Merpati Putih) Tesis ini kupersembahkan untuk: Kedua orang tua, Atas segala kasih sayang, do’a dan pengorbanannya Isteriku dan anak-anakku, serta seluruh keluarga, Atas do’a dan dukungannya yang tiada henti. Para Guru dan Dosen yang telah mengajar, mendidik dan membimbing penulis dengan penuh dedikasi. iv PERNYATAAN ORISIONALITAS Tesis dengan judul: KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA TENTANG PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP Benar-benar karya dari penulis, kecuali bagian-bagian tertentu yang telah diberikan keterangannya pengutipannya sebagaimana etika akademis yang berlaku. Jika terbukti bahwa karya ini bukan karya penulis sendiri, maka penulis siap untuk menerima sanksi sebagaimana yang telah ditentukan oleh Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia. Yogyakarta, 21 Desember 2012 RADEN HERU WIBOWO SUKATEN,SH. v K A T A P E N G A N T A R Alhamdulillahirrabil’alamien dengan segala limpahan kasih sayang dan rahmat Allah SWT, penulisan tesis dengan judul “KEBIJAKAN HUKUM PIDANA TENTANG PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP” akhirnya dapat diselesaikan dengan baik. Hanya karena pertolongan Alloh, bimbingan dari dosen pembimbing, dorongan dan doa dari keluarga dan kawan-kawan, penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisan tesis ini sebagai bagian dari perjuangan untuk meraih gelar magister ilmu hukum. Oleh karena itulah pada kesempatan yang membahagiakan ini, dengan segala kerendahan hati penulis ingin menyampaikan terima kasih dan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya kepada segenap Guru Besar/Dosen/Pengajar yang telah memberikan materi perkuliahan dan berbagi ilmu pengetahuan. Secara khusus penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Bapak DR.H. Rusli Muhammad,SH.MH., dan Bapak M. Abdul Kholiq,SH.MH., selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah dengan sabar dan tulus ikhlas memberi arahan, motivasi dan bimbingan kepada penulis. Terima kasih pula kepada yang terhormat Bapak DR. Ridwan Khairandy,SH.MH., dan Ibu DR.Hj.Ni’matul Huda ,SH.MHum., selaku Ketua Program, beserta seluruh staff Program Magister Ilmu Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia, atas segala bantuan demi kelancaran penyelesaian studi ini. vi Tidak lupa pula penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Ibu Hj. Nurganti Saragih,SH.MH., Ketua Pengadilan Tinggi Yogyakarta yang telah memberikan izin bagi penulis untuk menempuh studi S-2 ini, dan kepada Bapak Rukman Hadi,SH.Msi., dan Bapak Andi Astara,SH., Ketua Pengadilan Negeri Wonosari serta Bapak H.Bambang Sasmito,SH.MH., Ketua Pengadilan Kepanjen, atas segala perhatian dan pengertiannya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan studi S-2 ini. Ucapan terima kasih yang sama juga penulis sampaikan kepada teman-teman angkatan XXII Program Magister Hukum UII, dan semua pihak yang tidak mungkin disebut satu persatu yang telah membantu menyelesaikan penulisna tesis ini. Akhirnya penulis menyampaikan ucapan syukur dan terima kasih kepada ayahanda (almarhum) dan ibunda tercinta, kepada ayah dan ibu mertua, kepada isteri dan ananda tercinta, Himawanti Setyaningsih,SH.MM., Aldian Fahrialam dan Shidqi Prambudi. Kehangatan keluarga kita merupakan kekuatan yang mampu memberi semangat dalam menyelesaikan kuliah ini, dan sekaligus dengan harapan dapat memotivasi perjuangan ananda yang tengah menuntut ilmu untuk meraih cita-cita mulia. Penulis menyadari karya tesis ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan. Oleh karena itu kritik dan saran membangun sangat diharapkan guna kesempurnaan penulisan ini. Akhirnya dengan beserah diri kepada Allah SWT, penulis memohon semoga tesis ini dapat bermanfaat fiddunya wal akhiraat. Amien. Yogyakarta, 21 Desember 2013. RADEN HERU WIBOWO SUKATEN,SH. vii DAFTAR ISI Halaman Judul …………………………………………………………… i Halaman Persetujuan …………………………………………………….. ii Halaman Motto dan Persembahan ………………………………………. iii Pernyataan Orisionalitas …………………………………………………. iv Kata Pengantar …………………………………………………………… v Daftar Isi ………………………………………………………………….. vii Daftar Tabel ………………………………………………………………. ix Halaman Abstrak …………………………………………………………. xiv BAB I. P E N D A H U L U A N A. Latar Belakang ………………………………………………............. 1 B. Rumusan Masalah ……………………………………………............ 17 C. Tujuan Penelitian ……………………………………………............. 17 D. Kegunaan Penelitian …………………………………………............ 18 E. Kerangka Konseptual …………………………….………….............. 18 F. Tinjauan Pustaka …………………………………………….............. 23 G. Metode Penelitian ……………………………………….……............ 30 H. Sistematika Penulisan. ……………………………………….............. 34 BAB II. T I N J A U A N P U S T A K A A. Perkembangan Korporasi Sebagai Subyek Hukum Pidana A.1. Pengertian Korporasi …………………………………...........… 36 A.2. Korporasi Sebagai Subyek Hukum Pidana …………...........….. 41 B. Konsepsi PertanggungjawabanPidana Korporasi B.1. Pengertian Pertanggungjawaban Pidana ……………............….. 49 B.2. Teori Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi ……............……. 69 C. Pidana dan Pemidanaan Terhadap Korporasi C.1. Pengertian Pidana dan Pemidanaan ………………….............…. 89 C.2. Pidana dan Pemidanaan Terhadap Korporasi ……..................... 103 D. Diskripsi Umum Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup Oleh Korporasi D.1. Pengertian Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup ………...........… 109 D.2. Ruang Lingkup Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup ……........... 115 D.3. Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup Oleh Korporasi dan Dampaknya ………………………………………........…. 140 viii BAB III. KEBIJAKAN PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP A. Perumusan Istilah Korporasi Sebagai Subyek Tindak Pidana .......... 147 B. Kriteria Tindak Pidana oleh Korporasi ……………………..........… 168 C. Pihak-pihak Yang Dapat Dipertanggungjawabkan ........................... 189 D. Jenis Sanksi Yang Dapat Dijatuhkan Terhadap Korporasi ….......... 210 BAB IV. KEBIJAKAN FORMULASI HUKUM PIDANA MENDATANG TENTANG PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP A. Kebijakan Formulasi Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Dalam RUU KUHP 2012 ……………………………………........... 225 A.1. Perumusan Istilah Korporasi Sebagai Subyek Tindak Pidana ... 227 A.2. Kriteria Tindak Pidana oleh Korporasi …………………..….… 229 A.3. Pihak-pihak Yang Dapat Dipertanggungjawabkan .................... 239 A.4. Jenis Sanksi Yang Dapat Dijatuhkan Terhadap Korporasi ...…. 249 B. Perspektif Kebijakan Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi Dalam Tindak Pidana Lingkungan Hidup Pada Masa Mendatang
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