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Bab V Penguatan Peranan Klinik Bantuan Hukum Universitas Dalam Pemenuhan Hak Perempuan Dan Anak Di Indonesia

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Bab V Penguatan Peranan Klinik Bantuan Hukum Universitas Dalam Pemenuhan Hak Perempuan Dan Anak Di Indonesia PENGUATAN PERAN KLINIK BANTUAN HUKUM UNIVERSITAS DALAM PEMENUHAN HAK-HAK PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK DI INDONESIA LAPORAN PENELITIAN Mendapatkan Bantuan Dana dari DIPA-BOPTN UIN SGD Bandung Tahun Anggaran 2019 Sesuai dengan Kontrak Nomor: 132/A6-211/V.2/PP.00.9/05/2019 KATEGORI: Penelitian Global Terapan Nasional TIM PENELITI: Dr. Deni Kamaludin Yusup, M.Ag Dr. H. Ah. Fathonih, M.Ag H. Burhanuddin, M.H. PUSAT PENELITIAN DAN PENERBITAN LEMBAGA PENELITIAN DAN PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT UIN SUNAN GUNUNG DJATI BANDUNG 1441 H 2019 M ABSTRAK Buku laporan penelitian ini merupakan kelanjutan dari penelitian sebelum- nya yang dilakukan tahun 2016 tentang Model Pengembangan Klinik Bantuan Hukum Universitas Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Indonesia dengan Family Law Assistance Program Faculty of Law Monash University Melbourne Autsralia. Perbedaannya dengan penelitian sebelum- nya adalah penelitian ini lebih difokuskan pada bagaimana penguatan peran klinik bantuan hukum universitas dalam pemenuhan hak-hak perempuan dan anak di Indonesia, dengan mengambil sampel 5 lembaga bantuan hokum universitas di Indonesia, yaitu FSH UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, FSH UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, FSH UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia Jakarta, dan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis eksistensi klinik hukum di perguruan tinggi, peranannya, kendala-kendala yang ditemuinya, strategi bagi penguatannya, dan ekspektasi yang diharapkan agar dapat berkontribusi lebih jauh dalam pemenuhan hak-hak perempuan dan anak di Indonesia. Kerangka teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori peran, teori klinik bantuan hukum, dan teori penguatan peran klinik bantuan hukum universitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan kombinasi metode kepustakaan (bibliographical research) dan metode deskriptif-empirik (descriptive-empirical research), serta pendekatan komparatif (comparative study). Sumber data primer, sekunder, dan tersier diperoleh dari sejumlah literatur dan data lapangan yang erat kaitannya dengan klinik bantuan hukum universitas. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh dari book review, dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara. Analisa data dilakukan secara deduktif dan induktif. Melalui penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan: pertama, eksistensi Klinik Bantuan Hukum Universitas dalam pemenuhan hak perempuan dan anak terbukti sangat dibutuhkan keberadaannya untuk membantu sebagian peran pemerintah dalam melakukan pembinaan, pengembangan dan perlindungan perempuan dan anak; kedua, Klinik Bantuan Hukum Universitas terbukti telah berperan dalam penegakan hukum pada umumnya dan pemenuhan hak perempuan dan anak pada khususnya. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan tiga aspek peran dan fungsinya, yaitu kelembagaan, edukasi, dan sosial; ketiga, dalam menjalan peran dan fungsinya, Klinik Bantuan Hukum Universitas dihadapkan kepada berbagai faktor atau kendala baik internal maupun eksternal; keempat, strategi penguatan Klinik Bantuan Hukum Universitas dalam pemenuhan hak perempuan dan anak di masa depan dapat dilakukan melalui tiga pendekatan yaitu, legalistik, strukturalistik, dan moralistik; dan kelima, Klinik Bantuan Hukum Universitas itu sendiri untuk lebih berkontribusi dalam memberikan jasa bantuan hukum kepada masyarakat pada umumnya, dan melindungi hak-hak perempuan dan anak pada khususnya, dalam aspek pemenuhan hak asasi manusia, hak persamaan di hadapan hukum, dan hak mendapatkan keadilan. Kata Kunci: Peran, Penguatan, Klinik Bantuan Hukum Universitas, Hak Perempuan, Hak Anak, Akses kepada Keadilan ii ABSTRACT This study is a continuation of previous research conducted in 2016 about the Floating Model of University Legal Clinic Faculty of Sharia and Law UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Indonesia and Family Law Assistance Program Faculty of Law Monash University Melbourne, Autsralia. The difference with previous research, this research is more focused on how to strengthen the role of university legal clinic in fulfilling women and children rights in Indonesia, through 5 samples of university legal institutions, namely FSH UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, FSH UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, FSH UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Faculty of Law, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, and Faculty of Law, Islamic University of Indonesia. The aims of this study are to determine and analyze the existence of university legal clinic in tertiary institutions, its role, the constraints of its encounters, strategies for its strengthening, and its expectations that are expected to further contribute to the fulfillment of women and children rights in Indonesia. The theoretical framework used in this research is role theory, university legal clinic theory, and the theory of strengthening university legal aid clinic role. This study uses a combination of bibliographical research and descriptive- empirical research methods, as well as a comparative study. Primary, secondary, and tertiary data sources were obtained from a number of literature and field data that are closely related to the university's legal aid clinic. Data collection techniques were obtained from book reviews, documentation, observations, and interviews. Data analysis is done deductively and inductively. Through this research, it can be concluded: first, the existence of University Legal Clinic in fulfilling women and children rights is very much needed to help some of the government's role in fostering, developing and protecting women and children; secondly, University Legal Clinic is evidently proven to have a role in law enforcement in general and the fulfillment of women and children rights in particular. This can be seen in three aspects such as its role and function, namely institutional, educational, and social; third, in carrying out its role and function, University Legal Clinic is faced with various factors or constraints both internal and external; fourth, the strategy of strengthening University Legal Clinic in fulfilling women and children rights in the future can be done through three approaches: legalistic, structuralistic, and moralistic; and fifth, University Legal Clinic is hopefully contribute in providing legal aid services to the community in general, and protect women and children rights in particular, in three aspects such as the fulfillment of human rights, equality before the law, and the right to justice . Keywords: Role, Strengthening, University Legal Clinic, Women Rights, Children Rights, Access to Justice iii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa: 1. Karya tulis ini adalah asli dan belum pernah diajukan sebagai penelitian pada lembaga lainnya, baik di lingkungan UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung maupun di Perguruan Tinggi lainnya; 2. Karya tulis ini murni merupakan gagasan, rumusan, dan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dengan tanpa bantuan pihak lain; 3. Dalam karya tulis ini tidak terdapat karya atau pendapat yang telah ditulis atau dipublikasikan orang lain, kecuali karya tulis yang secara tertulis dengan jelas dicantumkan sebagai acuan dalam naskah dengan disebutkan nama pengarang dan dicantumkan dalam daftar pustaka; 4. Pernyataan ini dibuat dengan sesungguhnya dan apabila dikemudian hari terdapat penyimpangan dan ketidakbenaran dalam pernyataan ini, maka kami bersedia menerima sanksi akademik berupa pencabutan hak atas karya tulis ini, serta sanksi lainnya sesuai dengan norma yang berlaku di Perguruan Tinggi ini. Bandung, 22 Desember 2019 Ketua Tim Peneliti, Dr. Deni K. Yusup, M.Ag iv PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI th ط a ا zh ظ b ب ‘ ع t ت gh غ ts ث f ف j ج q ق h ح k ك kh خ l ل d د m م dz ذ n ن r ر w و z ز h ه s س ’ ء sy ش y ي sh ص t/h ة dh ض Untuk Madd dan Diftong a panjang ā آ i panjang ī إي u panjang ū أو diftong au أ و diftong ai أ ي v KATA PENGANTAR بسم م Segala puji dan syukur dipanjatkan ke hadirat Allah SWT, yang dengan segala kuasa dan iradah-Nya, serta dengan segala taufiq dan hidayah- Nya, alhamdulillah peneliti dengan susah payah mampu menyelesaikan penelitian ini. Tak lupa pula shalawat dan salam semoga dilimpahkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW, yang selalu menjadi suri tauladan dan membawa ajaran mulia bagi penulis pada khususnya dan semua umat pada umumnya. Penelitian ini merupakan kelanjutan dari penelitian sebelumnya yang dilakukan tahun 2016 tentang Model Pengambangan Klinik Bantuan Hukum Universitas Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung Indonesia dengan Family Law Assistance Program Faculty of Law Monash University Melbourne Autsralia. Perbedaannya dengan penelitian sebelum- nya adalah penelitian ini lebih difokuskan pada bagaimana penguatan peran klinik bantuan hukum universitas dalam pemenuhan hak-hak perempuan dan anak di Indonesia, dengan mengambil sampel 5 lembaga bantuan hokum universitas di Indonesia, yaitu FSH UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, FSH UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, FSH UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia Jakarta, dan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia. Meski keberadaan Klinik Bantuan Hukum Universitas hanya sebagai lembaga penunjang (non struktural), namun ia diberikan otonomi untuk mengelola dan melaksanakan tupoksinya secara mandiri dan memberikan layanan konsultasi dan bantuan hukum baik dalam internal kampus maupun bagi masyarakat umum. Fungsi Klinik Bantuan Hukum Universitas juga tidak terlepas dari Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi yang salah satunya adalah melakukan pengabdian kepada masyarakat – dalam hal ini – memberikan pelayanan konsultasi dan bantuan hukum, penyuluhan hukum, desiminasi,
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