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La Traduction Littã©Raire Avec Des Extraits De Captain Corelli's

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La Traduction Littã©Raire Avec Des Extraits De Captain Corelli's « LOST IN TRANSLATION» 1 « LOST IN TRANSLATION» LA TRADUCTION LITTÉRAIRE AVEC DES EXTRAITS DE CAPTAIN CORELLI'S MANDOLINDE LOUIS DE BERNIÈRES By Maria A. Geist, B.A., B.A. (Hons) A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts McMaster University Copyright by Maria A. Geist, October 2007 11 MASTER'S(2007) McMaster University (French) Hamilton, Ontario TITLE: «Lost in Translation» La traduction littéraire avec des extraits de Captain Corelli's Mandolin de Louis de Bernières AUTHOR: Maria A. Geist, B.A. (Western), B.A. (Hons) (McMaster) ADVISOR : Dr. Alexandre Sévigny LENGTH: vi, 102 iii REMERCIEMENTS Je voudrais remercier mon directeur de thèse Alexandre Sévigny pour son appui et ses conseils au long de cette année, ainsi que pour sa patience. Grâce à lui j'ai appris à regarder des choses sous une nouvelle lumière. Grâce à son encouragement, j'ai réussi à surmonter plusieurs difficultés. Je voudrais exprimer ma gratitude au professeur John Stout et à la professeur Anna St. Leger Lucas, qui ont accepté de faire la relecture de mon épreuve. Leurs conseils et leurs commentaires m'ont beaucoup aidée. Je voudïais remercier la professeur Caroline Bayard qui m'a toujours dit que rien n'est impossible. J'aimerais reconnaître aussi les efforts de Michèle Sa1czer, qui joue le rôle d'amie et de mentor pour moi depuis 18 ans. My greatest acknowledgement l reserve for Steve, who encouraged me to take up my studies again, and always helped make sure l could get my work done. Julia, Alexandra and Nicholas have learned that rewards come from hard work and they were generous with me over the many times when my evenings and weekends were occupied during this past year. Thank you to you aIl. Merci à tous. IV RÉSUMÉ Cette thèse explore le décalage entre des textes littéraires en version originale et leurs traductions. Elle comporte une traduction de plusieurs chapitres tirés du livre Captain Corelli' s Mandolin, écrit en anglais par Louis de Bernières, pour illustrer les difficultés que pose la traduction littéraire. l'ai choisi ce roman pour mon étude pour sa structure complexe, qui se manifeste à plusieurs niveaux: les nuances culturelles grecques; les problèmes de communication entre les occupants (soldats italiens) et les occupés (paysans grecs) ; l'utilisation de mots grecs dans le texte anglais, (v) les mœurs de la société dans la période historique, la deuxième guerre mondiale, où se déroule l'action. Ce travail comporte la discussion de plusieurs théories sur la traduction littéraire ainsi que l'exercice de traduction des extraits de Captain Corelli' s Mandolin de l'anglais vers le français, et l'analyse de cette traduction. v TABLE DES MATIÈRES 1. Présentation du sujet 1.1 : Introduction 1 1.2 : Motivation 2 1.3 : Ressources et méthodologie 5 2. Revue littéraire 2.1 : Introduction à la revue littéraire 8 2.2 : Les traducteurs - « Lost in Translation» 10 2.3 : Douglas Robinson - What is Translation? 12 2.4 : Christopher J. Moore - In Other Words 13 2.5 : Atom Egoyan - Subtitles ... on the foreignness offilm 14 2.6 : Walter Benjamin - « The Task of the Translator » 17 2.7 : Lawrence Venuti - Translation Studies Reader 19 2.8 : Friedrich Schleiermacher 21 2.9 : Saint Jerôme 24 2.10: Wendy Lesser -- The Genius of Language 25 2.11 : Robert Weschler - Peiforrning Without A Stage; The Art of Literary Translation 27 2.12 : George Steiner - After Babel 29 2.13 : Jeffrey Green - Thinking Through Translation 30 2.14 : Le cas de Simone De Beauvoir - La mauvaise interprétation 31 3. La traduction 3.1 : Introduction à l'exercice de la traduction 34 3.2 : Traduction des extraits de « La Mandoline du Capitaine Corelli » 35 de Louis de Bernières 4. L'analyse de la traduction 4.1 : Introduction 89 4.2 : Les anglicismes 90 VI 4.3 : Fautes de Grammaire et de Vocabulaire 91 4.4 : L'écart culturel et les Locutions de Langue étrangère 93 4.5 : Le nom de « Pelagia» 94 4.6: Liens entre fautes et théories 95 4.7 : Discussion générale 97 5. Conclusion 5.1 : Hypothèse initiale 98 5.2 : Mes opinions 98 5.3 : Pistes futures à suivre 99 5.4 : Conclusion 99 Bibiliographie 101 Appendice Table de fautes Captain Corelli's Mandolin (texte originale) vii Thèse de Maîtrise - M. Geist Université McMaster - Département de français Chapitre 1 - Presentation du sujet 1.1 Introduction Traduttore, traditore : Traduire c'est trahir. Robert Weschler, traducteur littéraire, reprend cet adage italien, afin d'exprimer la méfiance généralisée envers le métier de traducteur et l'interprétation littéraire depuis le temps de Cicéron. Ce dernier constata qu'en transformant les discours des grands orateurs grecs en latin pour ses étudiants, il ne les avait pas traduits comme interprète, mais: as an orator, keeping the same ideas and the forms, or as one might say, the 'figures' of thought ... l did nat hald it necessary to render word for word, but 1 preserved the general style and force of the language. 1 Ici se trouve le problème de la traduction. Le traducteur peut-il recréer une œuvre littéraire ? La littérature est un art où chaque plu"ase est méticuleusement construite et chaque mot choisi pour sa qualité poétique. Selon cette définition, l'expression artistique ne se prête pas facilement à la traduction. TI existe de nombreux obstacles à la création et à la traduction de l'œuvre dans une autre langue. Celtes, en traduisant des œuvres littéraires on risque de perdre certaines nuances de l'original. Prenons un exemple précis, tiré de Captain Corelli's Mandolin, le texte à traduire dans ma thèse . Corelli looked exactly like a Greek in his peasant clothes and his splendid beard that yet exposed the livid cicatrice across his cheek. 1 Cicéro, cité par Lawrence Venuti dans The Translation Studies Reader (New York: Routledge, 2004), p. 13. 1 Thèse de Maîtrise - M. Geist Université McMaster - Département de français Moreover he now spoke Greek well enough to fool a German who would know no Greek at aIl and he slapped the back of his hand to indicate someone's stupidity, as weIl as tossing his head back and clicking his tongue to signify a negative. From time to time he dreamed in Greek, a terrible frustration for his sleeping soul because this necessarily slowed the pace of his dreams' narrative, and he discovered that when speaking it his personality was different from when he spoke in Italian. He felt a fiercer man, and, for sorne extraordinary reason which had nothing to do with his beard, much hairier. 2 Voici ma traduction : Corelli faisait très grec dans ses vêtements paysans et avec sa magnifique barbe qui laissait apparente une cicatrice livide sur sa joue. En outre, il parlait maintenant assez bien le grec pour duper un allemand qui n'en parlait pas un mot. li se frappait le dos de la main pour indiquer quelque chose de nulle, et il relevait la tête en claquant la langue pour signifier son désaccord. De temps en temps, il rêvait en grec, ce qui contrariait son âme endormie car ça ralentissait le rythme de ses rêves ; et il découvrit qu'en padant grec sa personnalité changeait de celle qu'i! avait lorsqu'il paIlait italien. li se sentait plus farouche, et, pour quelque raison extraordinaire qui n'avait absolument rien à voir avec sa barbe, il se sentait plus poilu. 3 Ce passage de Captain Corelli' s Mandolin de Louis de Bernières est présenté ici d'abord en version originale et ensuite en traduction française. Je l'ai choisi autant pour son message que comme exemple pour souligner mon hypothèse qu'il n'existe pas de vraie équivalence entre les langues. Le métier du traducteur littéraire consiste à faire partager le texte à des lecteurs qui ne peuvent pas le comprendre dans sa langue d'origine. Assurément, ni l'examen des traditions de ce métier ni la liberté du traducteur n'est un sujet nouveau, mais un débat toujours intéressant. 1.2 : Motivation 2 Louis de Bernières, Cap ta in Corelli's Mandolin (London: Vintage Press, 1998), p. 428. 3 Maria Geist, « Lost in Translation» (2007), p. 73. 2 Thèse de Maîtrise - M. Geist Université McMaster - Département de français il y a quelques années, j'ai lu un compte-rendu du livre Subtitles ... an the fareignness of film, une collection éditée par le célèbre réalisateur canadien, Atom 4 Egoyan et son collaborateur, Ian Balfour, professeur d'anglais à l'Université York . Egoyan remarque qu'en regardant un de ses propres films, sous-titré, il s'est rendu compte de combien la traduction donnée dans les sous-titres s'éloigne de son original. il se demande si une traduction pourrait rester fidèle à l'idée originale de l'auteur. Fascinée par le commentaire d'Egoyan, j'ai lu ce receuil d'articles et j'ai observé que dans une certaine mesure, toute culture se relie à une langue particulière. Ce lien est tellement étroit qu'il serait impossible d'en faire une traduction absoluement fidèle. J'ai décidé d'explorer le décalage entre les textes en version originale et leurs traductions. Afin d'illustrer la difficulté de cette tâche j'ai traduit plusieurs chapitres tirés du roman Captain Carelli's Mandalin, écrit en anglais par Louis de Bernières. De Bernières est un des écrivains anglais les plus célèbres de sa génération. il a fait son service militaire avant de s'installer en Amérique du sud pour travailler comme professeur d'anglais. Le style de ses trois premiers romans a été déterminé par ses expériences actuelles en Colombie, lorsqu'il enseignait l'anglais.
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