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A New Iranian Species of the Subgenus Labidostoma (Prostigmata: Labidostomatidae), with New Biogeographic Data on the Integrum Species Group

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A New Iranian Species of the Subgenus Labidostoma (Prostigmata: Labidostomatidae), with New Biogeographic Data on the Integrum Species Group Acarologia 52(3): 233–245 (2012) DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20122042 A NEW IRANIAN SPECIES OF THE SUBGENUS LABIDOSTOMA (PROSTIGMATA: LABIDOSTOMATIDAE), WITH NEW BIOGEOGRAPHIC DATA ON THE INTEGRUM SPECIES GROUP Michel BERTRAND1*, Mohammad BAGHERI2, Ali AKBARI3, Mohsen YAZDANIAN4, Karim Haddad IRANI-NEJAD3, Shiela Shirinbeik MOHAJER4 and Alireza SABOORI5 (Received 06 December 2011; accepted 06 April 2012; published online 27 September 2012) 1 UMR 5175 CNRS CEFE Université Montpellier III, Route de Mende, F-34199 Montpellier Cedex5, France. ( * corresponding author) [email protected] 2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran. [email protected] 3 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. [email protected] 4 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Iran. [email protected], [email protected] 5 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. [email protected] ABSTRACT — A new species, Labidostoma (Labidostoma) intermedia, from Iran and clearly allied to L. (L.) integrum, is described and compared with specimens of the latter from various locations. Because L. (L.) intermedia n. sp. is closely allied to the common Mediterranean species, the authors propose to consider the eponymous species group as a group gathering species which share the lateral line of pores. These species are likely vicariants in a West to East gradient from the Atlantic Ocean to Asian countries. We provide a general key setting the new species group back among the genera and subgenera previously described, as well as biogeographical and taxonomic notes. KEYWORDS — Labidostomatoidea; integrum-group of species; vicariants; Iran; Mediterranean Region; biogeography; identification key INTRODUCTION authors, Boyer et al., (2007) confirmed the hypoth- esis that continental drift drives the diversification It is common to consider that Arachnids are an old of organisms through vicariance, following a thor- group and that mites have passed through different ough study of a group of Opiliones. As suggested changes on the earth since the Primary Era. How- by Krantz and Walter (2009), groups of mites have ever, speciation is a continuum occurring through- also likely undergone vicariant speciation and may out different episodes. Vicariance is the result of provide much interesting models for testing biogeo- speciation when a pre-existing species is subdi- graphical hypotheses. It is obvious that vicariance vided and when the newly born species has kept the at the generic level may suppose a more ancient principal features that gave a similar role for each separation than those at the infrageneric level that species in each area of distribution. Among many are often interpreted in Europe and America as re- http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/ 233 ISSN 0044-586-X (print). ISSN 2107-7207 (electronic) Bertrand M. et al. sulting from changes in the late billions of years servable, labidostomatid mites are currently consid- (from Tertiary to Glaciations). Labidostomids as not ered forming (i) a basal branch among the Prostig- only primitive, but also widely distributed mites, mata, (ii) a model for biogeographic studies, (iii) a are indeed a case in point with regard to vicariant likely example of evolutive radiations (Grandjean, speciations. Within the Labidostoma (Labidostoma) 1941; Bertrand, 1990a). subgenus, and based upon available biogeographic Labidostomatidae is the unique family that be- data, we discuss how passed conditions may be longs to Labidostomatina, one of four infraorders linked with speciation patterns, radiation resulting forming the suborder Prostigmata (classification ac- from the fragmentation of the wider primitive dis- cording to Zhang et al., 2011). Labidostomatidae are tribution of one unidentified common ancestor. one of the most primitive groups of Actinotrichid mites. An unusual and homogeneous pattern, The Labidostomatidae family, a model of with sclerotized cuticle forming ventral and dor- primitive Prostigmata sal shields characterized the species; this sclerotiza- The three European genera of Labidostomatoidea tion may have played a role in the conservation of (Trombidiformes, supercohort Labidostomatides characters kept also by the most primitive groups of sensu Krantz and Walter, 2009) have a large dis- trombidiform mites (Sphaerolichina, Eupodina). tribution (Europe, North America and Asia): the The genus Labidostoma and the subgenus cosmopolitan Labidostoma Kramer, 1879 (syn. Nico- Labidostoma (Labidostoma) letiella), or the Holarctic genera Eunicolina Berlese, 1911 (syn. Grandjeanellina) and Akrostomma Robaux, Berlese (1911) described the species type Labidos- 1977 (Table 1). toma integrum from Umbria (Italy) in a brief diag- Because Labidostomatidae Oudemans 1904 (i) nosis (less than 40 words): have conserved a primitive morphology, (ii) are dis- "Flavidum, ovale; angulis non in cornua productis; tributed all over the continents, and (iii) the distinc- mandibulorum digito mobili dentibus (in medio margine tive variations in their morphology are easily ob- dentario) numero novem, intersese statura subequalibus, TABLE 1: Labidostomatidae: the genera following Bertrand (1990), actualized. Genera (Berlese, 1911; Bertrand 1990; Feider & Vasiliu 1969, 1970; Robaux, 1977) Genera Subgenera Known distribution Notable characters Notes Eunicolina Berlese, 1911 Northern Hemisphere Neotaxy (gland like organs) Included Grandjeanellina Feider & Vasiliu 1969 (Subfamily Eunicolinae according to F & V.). Akrostomma Robaux, 1977 Northern Hemisphere Euedaphic genus. Primitive famulus, eye reduction, sclerotized Labidostoma Kramer, 1879 Atyeonella Southern Hemisphere developed gland like organ Labidostoma Cosmopolitan absence of cornua, spinelike famulus Considered as the subfamily Nicoletiellinae by F & V Nicoletiella Cosmopolitan presence of cornua, primitive famulus Cornutella Holartic (Mahunkiella = East Famulus primitive, prolongated bases (included Asian) of proximal cheliceral setae Mahunkiella) Pselistoma South America. (A unique proroged anteriorly dorsal shield species described) Sellnickiella Feider & Vasiliu 1970Sellnickiella South Hemisphere no gland like organ, simple or bifid Considered as a subfamily famulus (Sellnickiella or Dicastriella ) by F & V: Sellnickiellinae Dicastriella South America 234 Acarologia 52(3): 233–245 (2012) sat magnis; digiti fixi ramo apicali superno sat inferiorem that share a regressive famulus on tarsi I: the Asian securiformem superanti. Tuberculus mandibulae parvu- L. (L.) nepalense Feider and Vasiliu, 1968, some South lus." African species (Bertrand and Theron, 1990) and Berlese did not provide any details concerning some species from the Philippines (Bertrand and the exceptional characteristic of this species: the line Corpus Raros, 1997). As a result, the subgenus of dorso-lateral pores that distorts the alveolar ar- Labidostoma (Labidostoma) looks like a ragbag. rangement. Fortunately, Grandjean (1942, a, b) ex- Notwithstanding, the recent discovery, in Iran, amined some specimens and provided illustrations. of a third species sharing the major distinctive char- He noted that Algerian and French specimens dif- acter of the L. (L.) integrum and L. (L.) caucasicum fered by: sheds light on some uncertainties and attests that some "hard nucleus" of closely allied species exists. • ornamentation of the dorsal shield, The new Iranian species offers the opportunity to reconsider these heterogeneities. It was of interest • the number of teeth on the mobile cheliceral to confront the Iranian individuals to specimens col- digit, lected from Western and Eastern parts of the distri- • the organization of the terminal and subtermi- bution area of the closest species L. (L.) integrum. nal teeth of the fixed digit. MATERIALS AND METHODS Feider and Vasiliu (1970) compared the mor- phology of Romanian specimens of L. caucasicum The collection of Labidostomatid mites needs (Reck 1940) and L. integrum to clarify their iden- adapted soil sampling because low densities of tity. Until now, amongst the species belonging to these mites occur naturally in the upper layers of the subgenus Labidostoma, only two shared the un- the soil. However, only repeated samplings allowed usual arrangement of a dorso-lateral line of pores: the capture of a sufficient number of individuals, to i.e. integrum and caucasicum. underpin a description and to verify the constancy of the characters. From 1879 to 1969, several authors described newly discovered species, named them in the genus Iranian specimens of the three species under Labidostoma (syn. Nicoletiella Kramer 1879). How- scrutiny: extraction by Berlese-Tullgren funnel ap- ever, providing a different perspective from previ- paratus from soil samples, collected in the Region ous authors, Feider and Vasiliu (1969) and some of Gorgan (Golestan Province), in Maragheh and years later, Bertrand (1990) considered that it is in Shabestar (East Azerbaijan Province). The spec- preferable to subdivide the genus into different sub- imens were mounted in Hoyer’s liquid, then ex- genera. The subgenus Labidostoma, (comprising the amined and identified. Morphology was studied species closely allied to L. integrum) and the sub- in Montpellier from both mounted and dissected genus Nicoletiella, (comprising the species closely al- specimens
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