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Report: Trends in Local Climate Action in the Uk

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Report: Trends in Local Climate Action in the Uk MARCH 2021 TRENDS IN LOCAL CLIMATE ACTION IN THE UK A REPORT BY THE PLACE-BASED CLIMATE ACTION NETWORK (PCAN) TRENDS IN LOCAL CLIMATE ACTION IN THE UK ABOUT PCAN AUTHORS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 5.0 THE ROLE OF FINANCE AND BUSINESS IN PLACE- 1.1 The multi-level dimension The Place-based Climate Action Network Candice Howarth, John Barry, James BASED CLIMATE ACTION (PCAN) is funded by a Climate Change Dyson, Sam Fankhauser, Andy Gouldson, 1.2 The multi-actor dimension Network Plus award from the Economic Kate Lock, Alice Owen, Nick Robins 5.1 Financing place-based climate action 1.3 Impact of the coronavirus pandemic and Social Research Council (ESRC). 5.2 Business involvement at the local level It commenced in January 2019 and brings Please cite as: Howarth, C., Barry, J., 1.4 A social mandate for climate action together the research community and Dyson, J., Fankhauser, S., Gouldson, A., decision-makers in the public, private Lock, K., Owen, A., Robins, N. (2021) and third sectors. PCAN consists of five Trends in Local Climate Action in innovative platforms to facilitate two-way, the UK. A report by the Place-Based multi-level engagement between researchers Climate Action Network (PCAN). UK. 2.0 THE GOVERNANCE OF LOCAL 6.0 THE PCAN CLIMATE and stakeholders: three city-based climate CLIMATE ACTION IN THE UK COMMISSIONS commissions (in Belfast, Edinburgh and 2.1 National picture 6.1 PCAN core climate commissions Leeds) and two theme-based platforms on adaptation and finance, with a business theme 2.2 Local Authorities 6.2 PCAN “Network Plus” integrated into each climate commission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS climate commissions PCAN is about translating climate policy into We would like to extend our thanks to the action “on the ground” in our communities following people for their input and comments and supports a wider network of new and on an earlier draft of this report: Grace Abel, evolving climate commissions, including 3.0 LOCAL AUTHORITY- 7.0 CONCLUSION Philippa Borrowman, Lina Brand Correa, at county level (Surrey, Essex) and now at LED CLIMATE ACTION Jamie Brogan, Kevin Frea, Kristen Guida, regional level (Yorkshire and Humber). Alice Hague, Kate Hand, Teresa Hill, Matt 3.1 Climate emergency declarations Lane, Sara Mehryar, Ellie Murtach, Andrew PCAN builds on the policy connections, 3.2 Political support Sudmant, Swenja Surminski, Katarzyna networking capacity and research strengths Szwarc, Dan van der Horst, and Bob Ward. 3.3 State of progress of its host institutions at the London School of Economics and Political Science, the 3.4 Local authority-led climate University of Leeds, Queen’s University action: case studies Belfast and the University of Edinburgh. 3.5 Delivering a just transition CONTACT at the local level This report takes stock of local climate action in the UK in 2020. pcancities.org.uk The views in this report are those of [email protected] the authors and not the ESRC. 4.0 COMMUNITY-FOCUSED @PCANcities PROCESSES AND NETWORKS 4.1 Networks for local climate action 4.2 Local climate change partnerships 4.3 Participatory governance initiatives 4.4 Civil society involvement in place-based climate action TRENDS IN LOCAL CLIMATE ACTION IN THE UK PLACE-BASED CLIMATE ACTION NETWORK 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY KEY FINDINGS The local private sector participates actively RECOMMENDATIONS → Collaborate with their local university, in these new partnerships, particularly in national government and local authorities here is strong, vibrant and broad- the independent climate commissions and Local authorities should: to improve the knowledge base on local based support for more climate local authority-led forums. Participants → Follow up their climate emergency climate action. Local action plans need to be T action at the local level in the UK. represent companies from all sectors and declarations with locally supported, informed by the most recent data on local Three out of four local authorities – 319 in of all sizes, but they have in common their evidence-based climate action plans that emissions, emission reduction potentials total – have declared a climate emergency. strong links to the local community. tackle both mitigation and adaptation. and sustainable growth opportunities. Local Climate emergency declarations have The climate emergency narrative will actors also need better platforms to share been instigated from across the political We are starting to see the first pilots to raise get devalued, and the window of their experience and learn from each other. spectrum, with the support of civil society. local finance through climate-themed financial opportunity will close, unless declarations instruments like climate emergency bonds. are turned into tangible actions. National government and the However, by the end of 2020, only 62% However, compared to other countries, the → Adopt a partnership-based approach devolved administrations should: of local authorities had followed up their UK has a very concentrated financial sector to local climate action that mobilises → Recognise and leverage the agency and emergency declarations with a new or with few locally-rooted financial institutions. the energy and expertise of non-state power of local communities in the fight updated climate action plan. Barriers that private and civic actors, as well as the against climate change. Local climate hold back local climate action include a lack of There are notable knowledge gaps that inhibit wider public sector. Relationship building action is a critical channel for the delivery capacity and expertise within local authorities; the effectiveness of local climate action. and the co-creation of a shared vision of national policies; it is rooted and stretched funding; poor coordination with There is a paucity of local data on council/ and new capacities for delivery are vital responsive to local needs, and it is often and disorganised support from national district-level emissions and emissions components of local climate action. more ambitious than national action. government; and institutional complexities sources, emission reduction potentials and → Develop climate finance strategies → Put in place a coherent framework to in areas such as local transport and housing. mitigation costs. The knowledge platforms both to mobilise local savings and to support local climate action, backed Many of these constraints have been where local actors can share their experience attract wider pools of capital to fund the by appropriate centrally-driven funds, exacerbated by the coronavirus pandemic. and compare good practice are still in their implementation of their climate action resources and skills. Climate action requires infancy. And the long-term effectiveness plans. It is critical that these climate joined-up interplay between national and The overwhelming focus of local climate of new institutional models like climate finance strategies enable transitions to be local action. Local action without national action has been on reducing greenhouse commissions and climate juries has yet to be delivered by and for local communities, support will be challenging, national gas emissions (mitigation). Despite the ascertained in detailed evaluation studies. rather than being done to them. policy without local buy-in will fail. fact that managing the physical risks of → Tackle the policy and institutional barriers climate change (adaptation) has strong local Local climate change communities should: that hold back local climate action. salience in areas such as flood protection, Broaden the scope of climate action National policy uncertainty and top- adaptation features in less than 12% of beyond emission reduction (mitigation) down approaches are often enough to climate emergency declarations. In contrast, to encompass measures to reduce physical thwart or frustrate place-based climate there is a desire among local actors to climate risks (adaptation) and tackle social actions and all of the energy, commitment combine climate action with strategies to and economic inequalities (just transition). and resources they can mobilise. tackle social inequalities, promote economic Sustainable recovery strategies from regeneration and ensure a just transition. COVID-19 have the potential to be NET drivers of community resilience, job We are in a period of extensive experimentation creation and economic renewal, with new institutional models that promote as well as the zero-carbon transition. more inclusive, partnership-based approaches ZERO → Formalise the drive for zero-carbon to local climate action. There is a growing communities through institutional number of local climate commissions, structures like climate commissions. action networks, climate partnerships and They can be an effective mechanism for participatory forums like climate assemblies local collaboration and a platform to connect and climate juries. Also emerging are new public, private and third party actors. analytical tools (such as place-based net- zero carbon roadmaps) that help local actors to structure and formulate their plans. TRENDS IN LOCAL CLIMATE ACTION IN THE UK 1.0 INTRODUCTION This report surveys the rapidly changing landscape of local climate action in the UK. Local authorities and local communities have emerged as an important, dynamic driving force of climate change action. The report documents the measures taken by local authorities, the growth in community-focused, participatory initiatives and the role played by local businesses and the financial sector. Our findings are based on conversations
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