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Relative Abundance of Arctic Grayling (Thymallus Arcticus) in the Parsnip, Table and Anzac Rivers in 2003

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Relative Abundance of Arctic Grayling (Thymallus Arcticus) in the Parsnip, Table and Anzac Rivers in 2003 PEACE REGION Relative abundance of Arctic grayling ( Thymallus arcticus ) in the Parsnip River in 2005 C.A. Mackay and B.G. Blackman September 2012 FWCP – Peace Region Report No. 351 The Fish & Wildlife Compensation Program – Peace Region is a cooperative venture of BC Hydro and the provincial fish and wildlife management agencies, supported by funding from BC Hydro. The Program was established to enhance and protect fish and wildlife resources affected by the construction of the W.A.C. Bennett and Peace Canyon dams on the Peace River, and the subsequent creation of the Williston and Dinosaur Reservoirs. Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program ––– Peace Region 9228 – 100 th Avenue, Fort St. John, BC, V1J 1X7 Website: www.fwcp.ca This report has been approved by the Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program – Peace Region Fish Technical Committee. Citation : Mackay, C.A., and B.G. Blackman 2012. Relative abundance of Arctic grayling ( Thymallus arcticus ) in the Parsnip River in 2005. Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program – Peace Region Report No. 351. 18 pp. Author(s): C.A. Mackay 1 and B.G. Blackman 2 Correspondence: 1 British Columbia Conservation Foundation, #200A–1383 McGill Road, Kamloops, B.C. V2C 6K7 2 BC Hydro - Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program – Peace Region 9228 – 100 th Avenue, Fort St. John, BC V1J 1X7 Relative abundance of Arctic grayling in the Parsnip River in 2005 Mackay & Blackman ABSTRACT Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus ) populations in the Williston Reservoir watershed declined severely during the early 1980s. In 1995, the Arctic grayling was designated as “red-listed” (QS1 B.C. Conservation Data Centre) or critically imperilled within the watershed because of the number of populations that had disappeared. In 1995, studies were initiated on the Arctic grayling populations of the Parsnip River and its tributaries, the Table and Anzac rivers. These studies were designed to determine the status of the stocks and the factors limiting grayling production, identify possible enhancement options, and develop methods to monitor population trends. Population monitoring was conducted by using beach seining to determine grayling densities in a 22-km index area on the Parsnip River. In 2005, 287 grayling were captured from 30 beach seine sets that covered 3216 linear metres of shoreline. There were 40.9 young-of- the-year grayling and 56.0 one-year-old grayling captured per kilometre of shoreline sampled. These density indices were not significantly different ( P < 0.05) from those recorded in 2000, 2001 and 2003. The average fork length of grayling captured was 44.5 mm for young-of-the- year, and 113.7 mm for one-year-olds. Young-of-the-year and one year olds were larger (48.7 mm and 127 mm vs 42.8 mm and 112.5 mm) in the upper (km 63 to 73) versus lower (km 51 to 63) portion of the index area. Overall, the grayling fry distribution was clumped and unpredictable each year. i Relative abundance of Arctic grayling in the Parsnip River in 2005 Mackay & Blackman Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................i TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................ II LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ................................................................................................... III INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................1 STUDY AREA .............................................................................................................................2 METHODS ..................................................................................................................................4 JUVENILE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE IN THE PARSNIP RIVER ..............................................................4 JUVENILE DISTRIBUTION AND SIZE IN THE PARSNIP RIVER .............................................................5 RESULTS ...................................................................................................................................6 JUVENILE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE IN THE PARSNIP RIVER ..............................................................6 JUVENILE DISTRIBUTION AND SIZE IN THE PARSNIP RIVER .............................................................6 DISCUSSION..............................................................................................................................9 JUVENILE RELATIVE ABUNDANCE IN THE PARSNIP RIVER ..............................................................9 JUVENILE DISTRIBUTION AND SIZE IN THE PARSNIP RIVER .............................................................9 MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS ....................................................................................................10 Literature Cited........................................................................................................................12 ii Relative abundance of Arctic grayling in the Parsnip River in 2005 Mackay & Blackman List of Tables and Figures TABLE 1. F ISH CAPTURED BY BEACH SEINE AT 30 SITES ON THE PARSNIP RIVER FROM KM 73 TO 51. S AMPLING WAS COMPLETED BETWEEN JULY 19 AND 23, 2005..................................7 TABLE 2. M EAN NUMBER OF YOY AND 1+ GRAYLING CAPTURED BY SITE GIVEN AS NO ./ KM FOR 2005, 2003, 2001, AND 2000 FROM KM 73-51 OF THE PARSNIP RIVER ...........................7 TABLE 3. A VERAGE FORK LENGTH (FL) AND WEIGHT (W T) OF GRAYLING CAPTURED BY BEACH SEINE IN THE PARSNIP RIVER ........................................................................................8 TABLE 4. M EAN FORK LENGTH OF YOY AND ONE YEAR OLD GRAYLING SAMPLED BY BEACH SEINE ON THE PARSNIP RIVER FROM 1998 TO 2005. L OWER SITES ARE DOWNSTREAM OF THE ANZAC RIVER BETWEEN KM 48 - 63; UPPER SITES ARE BETWEEN KM 63 - 73 OF THE PARSNIP RIVER ............................................................................................................8 FIGURE 1. T HE 2005 BEACH SEINE STUDY AREA (HIGHLIGHTED ) BETWEEN KM 51 AND 73 OF THE PARSNIP RIVER ............................................................................................................3 FIGURE 2. C OLUMNS SHOW THE MEAN NUMBER OF 0+ AND 1+ GRAYLING CAPTURED PER KM AT INDEX BEACH SEINE SITES BETWEEN 51 AND 73 KM OF THE PARSNIP RIVER . E RROR BARS REPRESENT STANDARD ERROR OF THE MEAN . ( N=30, 30, 31, 62). .......................14 FIGURE 3. N UMBER OF YOY GRAYLING CAPTURED PER 100 METRES FOR EACH SITE BETWEEN KMS 51 AND 73 OF THE PARSNIP RIVER EACH YEAR . S ITES WITH VALUES OF -1 HAD ZERO GRAYLING . ........................................................................................................15 FIGURE 4. N UMBER OF 1+ GRAYLING CAPTURED PER 100 METRES FOR EACH SITE BETWEEN KMS 51 AND 73 OF THE PARSNIP RIVER EACH YEAR . S ITES WITH VALUES OF -1 HAD ZERO GRAYLING ..................................................................................................................16 FIGURE 5. F ORK LENGTH FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION OF GRAYLING CAPTURED IN THE PARSNIP RIVER BY BEACH SEINE IN 2005. D ATA ARE SUMMARIZED BY SITES DOWNSTREAM AND UPSTREAM OF WHERE THE ANZAC RIVER FLOWS INTO THE PARSNIP AT 63 KM . ..............17 FIGURE 6. F ORK LENGTH DISTRIBUTION OF GRAYLING CAPTURED AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN THE INDEX AREA IN 2005. I NCLUDING THE SIZE AND CAPTURE LOCATIONS OF AGED FISH . .........................................................................................................................18 iii Relative abundance of Arctic grayling in the Parsnip River in 2005 Mackay & Blackman INTRODUCTION In the early 1980s, Arctic grayling ( Thymallus arcticus ) (hereafter grayling) populations within the upper Peace River (Williston Reservoir) drainage declined drastically (Northcote 1993; Lashmar and Ptolemy 2002). Williston Reservoir, the largest body of fresh water in British Columbia, was formed in 1968 when the W.A.C. Bennett Dam was constructed. Minimal fisheries information existed prior to the construction of the dam. Grayling were the most numerous sport fish found in most tributaries flowing into the reservoir in 1975 (Bruce and Starr 1985), and they were also plentiful within the reservoir (Barrett and Halsey 1985). By the early 1990s, grayling populations had virtually disappeared from all rivers that had a drainage area less than 1500 km 2 and which flowed directly into the reservoir (Blackman 2001). Research since 1988 in the area has focused on grayling distribution and recruitment estimates. Studies undertaken by the Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program – Peace Region (FWCP-Peace) have contributed to the available information on grayling stocks in the area. Results of these studies prompted the B.C. Conservation Data Centre to implement a “red-listed” designation for Arctic grayling within the Williston Reservoir watershed. Regulations for catch and release of the species were also enacted in 1996 to preserve existing stocks. The FWCP- Peace is mandated to mitigate impacts of hydroelectric development on fish and wildlife within the Peace Williston watershed. Because the Arctic grayling has been designated as a red-listed species within the watershed, the FWCP-Peace has given it management priority (Blackman 2002a). The FWCP-Peace conducted studies on the Arctic grayling in the Parsnip River from 1995 to 2005. The projects have enabled the development of a management plan that
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