Dam(N)Ing BC: Utilizing Historical Maps and Web Maps to Remember the Dam(N)Ed
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TREATY 8: a British Columbian Anomaly
TREATY 8: A British Columbian Anomaly ARTHUR J. RAY N THE ANNALS OF NATIVE BRITISH COLUMBIA, 1999 undoubtedly will be remembered as the year when, in a swirl of controversy, Ithe provincial legislature passed the Nisga'a Agreement. The media promptly heralded the agreement as the province's first modern Indian treaty. Unmentioned, because it has been largely forgotten, was the fact that the last major "pre-modern" agreement affecting British Columbia -Treaty 8 - had been signed 100 years earlier. This treaty encompasses a sprawling 160,900-square-kilometre area of northeastern British Columbia (Map 1), which is a territory that is nearly twenty times larger than that covered by the Nisga'a Agreement. In addition, Treaty 8 includes the adjoining portions of Alberta and the Northwest Territories. Treaty 8 was negotiated at a time when British Columbia vehemently denied the existence of Aboriginal title or self-governing rights. It therefore raises two central questions. First, why, in 1899, was it ne cessary to bring northeastern British Columbia under treaty? Second, given the contemporary Indian policies of the provincial government, how was it possible to do so? The latter question raises two other related issues, both of which resurfaced during negotiations for the modern Nisga'a Agreement. The first concerned how the two levels of government would share the costs of making a treaty. (I will show that attempts to avoid straining federal-provincial relations over this issue in 1899 created troublesome ambiguities in Treaty 8.) The second concerned how much BC territory had to be included within the treaty area. -
A Backup Plan
FWCP NEWS fwcp.ca BC HYDRO | PROVINCE OF B.C. | FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA There is a real risk of provincial extirpation, making this captive assurance program so essential for the northern leopard frog. Photo courtesy of Doug Adama. Check out our new look! The Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program has redesigned their newsletter to share success stories from across B.C. A BACKUP PLAN The Update newsletter from the Columbia region and the Natureline newsletter from the Peace region have combined to NORTHERN LEOPARD FROGS GET THEIR form a single newsletter that now includes projects from the Coastal region. Take a look inside for some amazing stories. OWN INSURANCE POLICY The Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program (FWCP) has teamed up with the Vancouver Aquarium to create a very unusual insurance policy. IN THIS ISSUE Over the last two years, with the help of the FWCP, 113 northern leopard frog tadpoles have been moved from the Release of marmot pups 2 Creston Valley Wildlife Management Area in southeast B.C. to the Vancouver Aquarium. Biologists hope that some of the 60 adults currently in captivity will successfully breed in the future. This is one of many projects the FWCP has taken part in on behalf of its program partners BC Hydro, the Province of B.C. and Fisheries and Oceans Canada who Message from the partners 3 work together to conserve and enhance fish and wildlife in British Columbia. “The goal is to maintain a back-up population should northern leopard frogs disappear from the wetlands of British Expanding the goat population 3 Columbia,” says Dr. -
Wapiti River Water Management Plan Summary
Wapiti River Water Management Plan Summary Wapiti River Water Management Plan Steering Committee February 2020 Summary The Wapiti River basin lies within the larger Smoky/Wapiti basin of the Peace River watershed. Of all basins in the Peace River watershed, the Wapiti basin has the highest concentration and diversity of human water withdrawals and municipal and industrial wastewater discharges. The Wapiti River Water Management Plan (the Plan) was developed to address concerns about water diversions from the Wapiti River, particularly during winter low-flow periods and the potential negative impacts to the aquatic environment. In response, a steering committee of local stakeholders including municipalities, Sturgeon Lake Cree Nation, industry, agriculture, the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and the Mighty Peace Watershed Alliance (MPWA), supported by technical experts from Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), was established. The steering committee initiated the development of a water management plan that includes a Water Conservation Objective (WCO) and management recommendations for the Wapiti River basin from the British Columbia border to its confluence with the Smoky River. A WCO is a limit to the volume of water that can be withdrawn from the Wapiti River, ensuring that water flow remains in the river system to meet ecological objectives. The Plan provides guidance and recommendations on balancing the needs of municipal water supply, industry uses, agriculture and other uses, while maintaining a healthy aquatic ecosystem in the Alberta portion of the Wapiti River basin. Wapiti River Water Management Plan | Summary 2 Purpose and Objectives of the Plan The Plan will be provided as a recommendation to AEP and if adopted, would form policy when making water allocation decisions under the Water Act, and where appropriate, under the Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act by establishing a WCO for the Wapiti River. -
Ecological Interactions in the Flooded Littoral
ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS IN THE FLOODED LITTORAL ZONE OF RESERVOIRS: THE IMPORTANCE AND ROLE OF SUBMERGED TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FISH, FISH HABITAT AND FISHERIES IN THE NECHAKO RESERVOIR OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA by T.G. Northcote and D.Y. Atagi Skeena Fisheries Report SK-111 August 1997 ECOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS IN THE FLOODED LITTORAL ZONE OF RESERVOIRS: THE IMPORTANCE AND ROLE OF SUBMERGED TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FISH, FISH HABITAT AND FISHERIES IN THE NECHAKO RESERVOIR OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA by T.G. Northcote1 and D.Y. Atagi Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks Skeena Region Fisheries Branch PO Box 5000 Smithers, BC V0J 2N0 Skeena Fisheries Report SK-111 August 1997 1 Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6T 1Z4 Address: 10193 Giant's Head Road, RR2, S77B, C10, Summerland, BC V0H 1Z0 PREFACE Executives and other readers short on time, after scanning the title, reflecting on the photograph below, and reviewing the Table of Contents, may wish to turn directly to the conclusions which provide a brief synopsis of major points emerging from the various sections. We would hope that they might then be enticed to delve more fully into areas of special interest in this review. Photograph of the Ootsa Depression of the Nechako Reservoir, 20 September 1994, showing a small part of the mainly coniferous flooded forest (over 200 km2 in all) resulting from its 40.8 m increase in water level. From a slide kindly loaned by Dr. G.F. Hartman. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We first want to thank Ken Ashley for his interest, support and suggestions that helped greatly in preparation and revision of this review. -
Lt. Aemilius Simpson's Survey from York Factory to Fort Vancouver, 1826
The Journal of the Hakluyt Society August 2014 Lt. Aemilius Simpson’s Survey from York Factory to Fort Vancouver, 1826 Edited by William Barr1 and Larry Green CONTENTS PREFACE The journal 2 Editorial practices 3 INTRODUCTION The man, the project, its background and its implementation 4 JOURNAL OF A VOYAGE ACROSS THE CONTINENT OF NORTH AMERICA IN 1826 York Factory to Norway House 11 Norway House to Carlton House 19 Carlton House to Fort Edmonton 27 Fort Edmonton to Boat Encampment, Columbia River 42 Boat Encampment to Fort Vancouver 62 AFTERWORD Aemilius Simpson and the Northwest coast 1826–1831 81 APPENDIX I Biographical sketches 90 APPENDIX II Table of distances in statute miles from York Factory 100 BIBLIOGRAPHY 101 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1. George Simpson, 1857 3 Fig. 2. York Factory 1853 4 Fig. 3. Artist’s impression of George Simpson, approaching a post in his personal North canoe 5 Fig. 4. Fort Vancouver ca.1854 78 LIST OF MAPS Map 1. York Factory to the Forks of the Saskatchewan River 7 Map 2. Carlton House to Boat Encampment 27 Map 3. Jasper to Fort Vancouver 65 1 Senior Research Associate, Arctic Institute of North America, University of Calgary, Calgary AB T2N 1N4 Canada. 2 PREFACE The Journal The journal presented here2 is transcribed from the original manuscript written in Aemilius Simpson’s hand. It is fifty folios in length in a bound volume of ninety folios, the final forty folios being blank. Each page measures 12.8 inches by seven inches and is lined with thirty- five faint, horizontal blue-grey lines. -
Rainbows on the Firesteel
on RAINBOWSthe FIRESTEEL Pretty nice rainbow trout – 22 inches – LARRY’S SHORT STORIES #77 – n the wild and remote areas of western Canada, they use Son Russell and I fi shed this magnifi cent river for a couple Ithe term ‘fl y-out’ fi shing; as the only way to get you to of days – fi rst, at the outlet of the lake, where 100 fi sh per most of the best streams and lakes is to ‘fl y-out’ from base person was the expected day. Then we fi shed the main camp – in a small plane, with fl oats attached to the landing part of the river, below and between some falls, where we gear. At the end of the day’s fi shing, you fl y back and caught fewer, but bigger fi sh. Russell is a more serious make plans to fi sh a different river ‘tomorrow’ -- in another fl y fi sherman than myself. I took one fl y rod, he took fi ve. remote location. The daily plane rides between base camp Mostly we used and the fi sheries become something to look forward to, as dry fl ies and "...6,000 rainbow they provide a spectacular view of the scenery and wildlife. the fi sh would When fi shing the rivers, there are often three choices – readily take trout per mile..." each generally being a single destination for the day; you them, even if can fi sh the outlet of the lake, where the river begins, the there were no apparent rises. Everything was catch and inlet, or along the course of the river -- if the pools are release, with barbs down, but we did enjoy fresh rainbow large and deep enough to accommodate the landing trout during two different shore lunches. -
Sidenius Creek Archaeological Inventory Project: Potential Model - - - Muskwa-Kechika Management Area
SIDENIUS CREEK ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVENTORY PROJECT: POTENTIAL MODEL - - - MUSKWA-KECHIKA MANAGEMENT AREA March, 2001 Prepared for: Muskwa-Kechika Trust Fund Project # M-K 2000-01-63 Prepared by: BC Regional Office Big Pine Heritage Consulting & Research Ltd. #206-10704 97th Ave. Fort St. John, BC V1J 6L7 Credits: Report Authors – Rémi Farvacque, Jeff Anderson, Sean Moffatt, Nicole Nicholls, Melanie Hill; Report Production – Jeff Anderson, Rémi Farvacque, Sean Moffatt; Archival Research – Nicole Nicholls, Vandy Bowyer, Elvis Metecheah, Chris Wolters; Interview Personnel – Maisie Metecheah, Elvis Metecheah, Colleen Metecheah, Nicole Nicholls, Rémi Farvacque; Project Director – Rémi Farvacque ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i We wish to thank the following individuals and groups who provided assistance, guidance, and financial support. Sincere thanks is owed to the Chief & council, staff, and members of the Halfway River First Nation (HRFN) who graciously provided us with facilities and support when conducting interviews, and to the community members who were eager to discuss this project with us. Financial support was provided by the Muskwa-Kechika Management Area Advisory Board (Project # M-K 2000-01-63). Robert Jackson (Council, HRFN) and Chris Bazant (Oil & Gas Landsperson, HRFN) provided guidance that was greatly appreciated. Ethnographic research was assisted by Elvis Metecheah & Chris Wolters, and the Treaty and Aboriginal Rights Research archives staff at Treaty 8 offices, Fort St. John, BC Assistance in the field was provided by Maisie, Elvis, and Colleen Metecheah (members of the HRFN). A thank you goes to McElhanney Land Surveyors, Fort St. John, for their expedient and generous delivery of data sets and printing services. Frontispiece: False-colour elevation model of study area. -
Wrangellia Flood Basalts in Alaska, Yukon, and British Columbia: Exploring the Growth and Magmatic History of a Late Triassic Oceanic Plateau
WRANGELLIA FLOOD BASALTS IN ALASKA, YUKON, AND BRITISH COLUMBIA: EXPLORING THE GROWTH AND MAGMATIC HISTORY OF A LATE TRIASSIC OCEANIC PLATEAU By ANDREW R. GREENE A THESIS SUBMITTED iN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Geological Sciences) UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) August 2008 ©Andrew R. Greene, 2008 ABSTRACT The Wrangellia flood basalts are parts of an oceanic plateau that formed in the eastern Panthalassic Ocean (ca. 230-225 Ma). The volcanic stratigraphy presently extends >2300 km in British Columbia, Yukon, and Alaska. The field relationships, age, and geochemistry have been examined to provide constraints on the construction of oceanic plateaus, duration of volcanism, source of magmas, and the conditions of melting and magmatic evolution for the volcanic stratigraphy. Wrangellia basalts on Vancouver Island (Karmutsen Formation) form an emergent sequence consisting of basal sills, submarine flows (>3 km), pillow breccia and hyaloclastite (<1 1cm), and subaerial flows (>1.5 km). Karmutsen stratigraphy overlies Devonian to Permian volcanic arc (—‘380-355 Ma) and sedimentary sequences and is overlain by Late Triassic limestone. The Karmutsen basalts are predominantly homogeneous tholeiitic basalt (6-8 wt% MgO); however, the submarine part of the stratigraphy, on northern Vancouver Island, contains picritic pillow basalts (9-20 wt% MgO). Both lava groups have overlapping initial and ENd, indicating a common, ocean island basalt (OIB)-type Pacific mantle source similar to the source of basalts from the Ontong Java and Caribbean Plateaus. The major-element chemistry of picrites indicates extensive melting (23 -27%) of anomalously hot mantle (‘—1500°C), which is consistent with an origin from a mantle plume head. -
Table S1: Hydrometric Stations Identification Number (Figure 1), Coordinates, Gauged Area, Daily Mean and Maximum Runoff
Supplemental Material Journal of Hydrometeorology Linking Atmospheric Rivers to Annual and Extreme River Runoff in British Columbia and Southeastern Alaska https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-19-0281.1 © Copyright 2020 American Meteorological Society Permission to use figures, tables, and brief excerpts from this work in scientific and educational works is hereby granted provided that the source is acknowledged. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC §108) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a website or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. All AMS journals and monograph publications are registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (http://www.copyright.com). Questions about permission to use materials for which AMS holds the copyright can also be directed to [email protected]. Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy statement, available on the AMS website (http://www.ametsoc.org/CopyrightInformation). 1 Supplemental Material for 2 Linking atmospheric rivers to annual and extreme river runoff in British Columbia and 3 southeastern Alaska 4 A.R. Sharma1 and S. J. Déry2 5 1Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Program, 6 University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada 7 2Environmental Science and Engineering Program, 8 University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada 9 Contents of this file 10 Figures S1 to S9 11 Tables S1 and S2 Supplementary M a t e r i a l | i 12 13 Figure S1: Time series of annual and seasonal maximum runoff for three selected 14 watersheds representing different hydrological regimes across BCSAK (Figure 1), WYs 15 1979-2016. -
Dam(N)Ing BC Or Remembering the Dam(N)Ed: Site C and Mega Dams in the Era of Contested Economies and Environments
Dam(n)ing BC or Remembering the dam(n)ed: Site C and mega dams in the era of contested economies and environments [email protected] deliberate #1? blocking/hiding part of the current Williston reservoir… ….hmmm… SiteCproject.com: initial overview map Site C: continuation of WAC Bennett Dam, Peace Canyon Dam, and Williston Reservoir Preamble... Consumers of electricity • current society needs / wants electricity • only 1% - 3% electricity load saved on Earth Hour Rivers and humans humans have manipulated rivers for millennia • Smith, N. A history of dams, 1971 • Goudie, A.S. The human impact on the natural environment: Past, present, and future (7th edition since the 1980s!) • Wohl, E. & Merritts, D.J. What is a natural river? Geography Compass, 2007 deliberate #2? Note site C reservoir location…hmmm… Vancouver, Burnaby, Richmond, Delta 1,367 sq.kms 1,773 sq.kms 93 sq.kms BC gov’t Dec.16, 2014 announcement slideshow Site C… “…is in the public interest and that the benefits provided by the project outweigh the risks of significant adverse environmental, social and heritage effects.” (BC government newsroom, October 14, 2014) cost$ to pay for electrical power Site C “…would be accompanied by significant environmental and social costs, and the costs would not be borne by those who benefit.” (p.307) “These losses will be borne by the people of the Valley… Those who benefit…will be future electricity consumers all across the province.” (p.307) (Report of the Joint Review Panel: Site C project, 2014) Site C Joint Review Panel Report, 2014 Panel’s -
The Skagit-High Ross Controversy: Negotiation and Settlement
Volume 26 Issue 2 U.S. - Canada Transboundary Resource Issues Spring 1986 The Skagit-High Ross Controversy: Negotiation and Settlement Jackie Krolopp Kirn Marion E. Marts Recommended Citation Jackie K. Kirn & Marion E. Marts, The Skagit-High Ross Controversy: Negotiation and Settlement, 26 Nat. Resources J. 261 (1986). Available at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/nrj/vol26/iss2/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Natural Resources Journal by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. JACKIE KROLOPP KIRN* and MARION E. MARTS** The Skagit-High Ross Controversy: Negotiation and Settlement SETTING AND BACKGROUND The Skagit River is a short but powerful stream which rises in the mountains of southwestern British Columbia, cuts through the northern Cascades in a spectacular and once-remote mountain gorge, and empties into Puget Sound approximately sixty miles north of Seattle. The beautiful mountain scenery of the heavily glaciated north Cascades was formally recognized in the United States by the creation of the North Cascades National Park and the Ross Lake National Recreation Area in 1968, and earlier in British Columbia by creation of the E.C. Manning Provincial Park. The Ross Lake Recreation Area covers the narrow valley of the upper Skagit River in Washington and portions of several tributary valleys. It was created as a political and, to environmentalists who wanted national park status for the entire area, controversial, compromise which accom- modated the city of Seattle's Skagit River Project and the then-planned North Cascades Highway. -
BC Hydro Climate Change Assessment Report 2012
POTENTIAL IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON BC HYDRO’S WATER RESOURCES Georg Jost: Ph.D., Senior Hydrologic Modeller, BC Hydro Frank Weber; M.Sc., P. Geo., Lead, Runoff Forecasting, BC Hydro 1 EXecutiVE Summary Global climate change is upon us. Both natural cycles and anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions influence climate in British Columbia and the river flows that supply the vast majority of power that BC Hydro generates. BC Hydro’s climate action strategy addresses both the mitigation of climate change through reducing our greenhouse gas emissions, and adaptation to climate change by understanding the risks and magnitude of potential climatic changes to our business today and in the future. As part of its climate change adaptation strategy, BC Hydro has undertaken internal studies and worked with some of the world’s leading scientists in climatology, glaciology, and hydrology to determine how climate change affects water supply and the seasonal timing of reservoir inflows, and what we can expect in the future. While many questions remain unanswered, some trends are evident, which we will explore in this document. 2 IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON BC HYDRO-MANAGED WATER RESOURCES W HAT we haVE seen so far » Over the last century, all regions of British Columbia »F all and winter inflows have shown an increase in became warmer by an average of about 1.2°C. almost all regions, and there is weaker evidence »A nnual precipitation in British Columbia increased by for a modest decline in late-summer flows for those about 20 per cent over the last century (across Canada basins driven primarily by melt of glacial ice and/or the increases ranged from 5 to 35 per cent).