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The Review of International Affairs Founded in June 1950 THE REVIEW I OF INTERNATIONAL R A AFFAIRS UDK 327 ISSN 0486-6096 BELGRADE, VOL. LXII, No. 1143, JULY–SEPTEMBER 2011 Klaus Bachmann WHEN THE COURT REFUSES TO WRITE HISTORY Dragan Simeunović VIOLENCE IN THE “OLD” (PAPER PRESS, TELEVISION, WEB 1.0) MEDIA AND THE NEW MEDIA (ELECTRONIC PRESS, DIGITAL VIDEO, WEB 2.0) IN SERBIA Marija Đorić TERRORISM AS A FORM OF COMMUNICATION Milica Slavković (MIS-)REPRESENTATIONS OF AFRICA IN THE WESTERN MEDIA: CRISES, CONFLICTS, STEREOTYPES Katarina Štrbac, ASYMMETRIC THREATS—COMMON Miroslav Mitrović RESPONSE IN WESTERN BALKANS Milovan Radaković COUNTRIES OF WESTERN BALKANS AND THE EUROPEAN UNION AMBASSADORS’ FORUM DOCUMENTS THE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS AND ECONOMICS Institute of International Politics and Economics Belgrade, Makedonska 25, Phone: 3373 824, Internet site: www.diplomacy.bg.ac.rs e-mail: [email protected] THE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS AND ECONOMICS is a research institution established in 1947. The Institute’s mission is to undertake systematic research into fundamental processes in the international community and political, economic, military, technological, cultural and social features of the contemporary world. Providing a scientific basis for defining strategic principles and proposing foreign policy priorities, the Institute works most closely with officials who conduct foreign policy (the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia). Its special task is to educate and inform the general public about basic trends in international relations, issuing numerous publications, holding conferences, and organising lectures and debates featuring prominent political figures, experts and diplomats. Since its foundation, the Institute has also produced a significant number of diplomats and other officials active in both domestic and international affairs. The Institute consists of a research department with 30 research fellows and one of the best-equipped specialist libraries in Southeastern Europe, including an exclusive depository for publications and documents from the UN, the European Union, and NATO. Apart from The Review of International Affairs (in English), the Institute also publishes Međunarodni problemi/International Problems (in Serbian and English), Evropsko zakonodavstvo (in Serbian), an d Međunarodna politika (in Serbian). The Review of International Affairs ISSN 0486-6096 UDK 327 VOL. LXII, No. 1143, JULY–SEPTEMBRER 2011 Editorial Council Jouni JÄRVINEN, Ph.D., Director of the ECEBB Studies Aleksanteri Institute Finnish Centre for Russian and Eastern European Studies; Professor Klaus BACHMAN, Ph.D., Professor of International relations, Warsaw school for social psychology, University of Warsaw; Vesselin POPOVSKI, Ph.D., Director of Studies, International Order and Justice Peace and Governance Programme UN University; Dimitar BECHEV, Ph.D., Southeast European Studies Programme St. Antony’s College, University of Oxford; Professor Raju THOMAS, Ph.D., Marquette University SAD; Dejan JOVIĆ, Ph.D., University of Stirling, Scotland, UK; Emilian KAVALSKI, Ph.D., University of Western Sydney, Australia; Professor Dragan SIMEUNOVIĆ, Ph.D., Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade, Serbia Professor Radoslav STOJANOVIƆ, Ph.D., Faculty of Law, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Professor Aleksandra JOVANOVIĆ, Ph.D., Faculty of Law, University of Belgrade, Serbia; Professor Predrag SIMIĆ, Ph.D., Faculty of Political Sciences, University of Belgrade, Serbia Editorial Board Professor Vladimir GREČIĆ, Ph.D., Faculty of Economics; Belgrade; Professor Slobodan PAJEVIĆ, Ph.D., Megatrend, University of Applied Sciences, Belgrade; Duško DIMITRIJEVIĆ, Ph.D., Institute of International Politics and Economics, Belgrade; Nevenka JEFTIĆ ŠARČEVIĆ, Ph.D., Institute of International Politics and Economics, Belgrade; Sanja JELISAVAC TROŠIĆ, M.A., Institute of International Politics and Economics, Belgrade Ratko VUKANIĆ, Institute of International Politics and Economics, Belgrade The Review of International Affairs Editorial correspondence: Mina Zirojević Fatić, Editor-in-Chief, Tel: 3373 824 E-mail: [email protected] Makedonska 25, 11000 Belgrade, P.O. Box 413 Internet: www.diplomacy.bg.ac.rs/ria.htm Published quarterly Publisher Institute of International Politics and Economics, Belgrade, Makedonska 25, E-mail: [email protected] For the Publisher Duško Dimitrijević, Ph.D. Director Language editor Aleksandra Janošević Editor-in-Chief Mina Zirojević Fatić, Ph.D. Layout Sanja Pavlović, Snežana Vojković For information on annual subscription please contact: BiFS doo, Books and Periodicals, Supilova 10 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Tel/fax: +381 11 20 84 229 E-mail: [email protected] Circulation 300 Printed by “Želnid”, Belgrade, Nemanjina 6 Publishing of The Review of International Affairs is funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia The Review of International Affairs Vol. LXII, No. 1143, July–September 2011 UDK 327 ISSN 0486-6096 Contents Klaus Bachmann When the Court Refuses to Write History ..................................................... 5 Dragan Simeunovic Violence in the “Old” (Paper Press, Television, Web 1.0) Media and the New Media (Electronic Press, Digital Video, Web 2.0) in Serbia .. 34 Marija Đorić Terrorism as a Form of Communication ....................................................... 48 Milica Slavković (MIS-)Representations of Africa in the Western Media: Crises, Conflicts, Stereotypes ........................................................................ 63 Katarina Štrbac, Miroslav Mitrović Asymmetric Threats–Common Response in Western Balkans .................... 89 Milovan Radaković Countries of Western Balkans and the European Union ...............................106 Bojan Dobovšek Informal Institutions and Rule of Law a Comparison of Central Europe and Latin America ............................................................119 Ambassadors’ forum Speech by A.V. Konuzin at Institute of International Politics and Economics Belgrade, 27 September 2011 ..............................................131 4 The Review of International Affairs Book Reviews Dragan Petrović, Francuska na raskršću ......................................................137 Dokuments 1. Commission Opinion on Serbia's Application for Membership of the European Union ...............................................................................139 2. Second Africa- India Forum Summit 2011addis Ababa Africa-India Framework for Enhanced Cooperation ..................................................... 151 3. Second Africa-India Forum Summit 2011 Addis Ababa Declaration ......157 4. Tripoli Declaration 3rd Africa EU Summit ...............................................164 The Review of International Affairs 5 UDK: 341.645.6 (497.1) Biblid 0543-3657, 62 (2011) Vol. LXII, No. 1143, pp. 5–33 Original Scientific Paper August 2011 Klaus Bachmann1 When the court refuses to write history ABSTRACT The following article analyzes the way, in which different ICTY trial chambers evaluated the events in Račak 1999. In order to do that, the concept of framing is used. Frame analysis is a popular approach in media research, where it serves as a tool for comparing the way, in which different media outlets present events, people and facts to their readers. In this article, frame analysis is used in order to show differences and similarities between the frames used by the ICTY prosecution teams dealing with Račak and trial chambers at one hand, and the frames used by actors external to the ICTY on the other hand. The comparisons reveal, whether the trial chambers’ frames about Račak were likely to be influenced by external actors like foreign governments, international human rights organizations and influential international media. We argue, that such influence cannot be excluded, when external actors’ frames are consistent with the trial chambers frames. It can be excluded, though, when the trial chambers’ frames a do not show any similarities or contradict the frames of such external actors. The article provides some surprising insights. Although the ICTY judges’ assessment of the events in Račak 1999 are to a large extent congruent with the frames put forward in 1999 by Western governments and international human rights organizations, they never sentenced anyone for the crimes, which allegedly had taken place in the village. This even more astonishing, if one takes into account, that immediately after the events, the Office of the Prosecutor had demonstrated a strong engagement to investigate the events. The events had been 1 Klaus Bachmann is professor of Political Science at the Warsaw School of Social Sciences and Humanities in Warsaw, Poland. He specializes in Transitional Justice and European Integration. The author is grateful for the contribution of the following Erasmus Mundus Global Studies students to this article: Divna Popov, Silke Reinhard, Ivaylo Pentchev, Barış Ari and (for the information about Akayesu) Karen Lockyer and Emelie Karlsson. Email: [email protected]. 6 The Review of International Affairs strongly politicized and by many historians are regarded as a key event which led to the Rambouillet talks and triggered the bombing of the Serbia in 1999. Key words: ICTY, transitional justice, Račak, truth, international human rights organizations. 1. Frame analysis and the ICTY Consumers of media outlets tend to confront narratives and opinions in newspapers and electronic media to what they perceive as true
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